Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

x         ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

        OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: January 1, 2010

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 0-30235

 

 

EXELIXIS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   04-3257395

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

249 East Grand Ave.

P.O. Box 511

South San Francisco, CA 94083

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(650) 837-7000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock $.001 Par Value per Share   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  ¨    Accelerated filer  x    Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $368,408,791 (Based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common stock on that date. Excludes an aggregate of 29,225,664 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by officers, directors and affiliated stockholders. For purposes of determining whether a stockholder was an affiliate of the registrant at July 3, 2009, the registrant assumed that a stockholder was an affiliate of the registrant at July 3, 2009 if such stockholder (i) beneficially owned 10% or more of the registrant’s common stock, as determined based on public filings, and/or (ii) was an executive officer or director or was affiliated with an executive officer or director of the registrant at July 3, 2009. Exclusion of such shares should not be construed to indicate that any such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the registrant or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.)

As of March 5, 2010, there were 107,988,821 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than May 1, 2010, in connection with the registrant’s 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

EXELIXIS, INC.

FORM 10-K

INDEX

 

         Page
PART I

Item 1.

  Business    3

Item 1A.

  Risk Factors    23

Item 1B.

  Unresolved Staff Comments    41

Item 2.

  Properties    41

Item 3.

  Legal Proceedings    41

Item 4.

  Reserved    41
PART II

Item 5.

 

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   42

Item 6.

 

Selected Financial Data

   44

Item 7.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   45

Item 7A.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   67

Item 8.

 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   68

Item 9.

 

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   105

Item 9A.

 

Controls and Procedures

   105

Item 9B.

 

Other Information

   107
PART III

Item 10.

 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   108

Item 11.

 

Executive Compensation

   108

Item 12.

 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   108

Item 13.

 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   110

Item 14.

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   110
PART IV

Item 15.

  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    111
  SIGNATURES    112

 


Table of Contents

PART I

Some of the statements under the captions “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our company’s or our industry’s results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied in, or contemplated by, the forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “assuming,” “goal,” “objective,” “will,” “may” “should,” “would,” “could,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “encouraging” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These and many other factors could affect our future financial and operating results. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.

Exelixis has adopted a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Friday closest to December 31st. Fiscal year 2007, a 52-week year, ended on December 28, 2007, fiscal year 2008, a 53-week year, ended on January 2, 2009, and fiscal year 2009, a 52-week year, ended on January 1, 2010. Fiscal year 2010, a 52-week year, will end on December 31, 2010. For convenience, references in this report as of and for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, January 2, 2009 and January 1, 2010 are indicated on a calendar year basis, ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We are committed to discovering, developing and commercializing innovative therapies for the treatment of cancer and other serious diseases. Through our integrated drug discovery and development activities, we are building a portfolio of novel compounds that we believe have the potential to be high-quality, differentiated pharmaceutical products that can make a meaningful difference in the lives of patients. The majority of our programs focus on discovery and development of small molecule drugs for cancer.

We have devoted significant resources to build a leading discovery platform that has enabled us to efficiently and rapidly identify highly qualified drug candidates that meet our extensive development criteria. Our goal has been to generate a diverse and deep pipeline while focusing our resources on those drug candidates that we believe have the highest therapeutic and commercial potential. The rapid development of three of those drug candidates is a primary focus of the company.

XL184, our most advanced drug candidate, inhibits MET, VEGFR2 and RET, proteins that are key drivers of tumor growth and/or vascularization. XL184 is the most advanced inhibitor of MET in clinical development and is being evaluated in a broad development program in collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. We currently are conducting the majority of the development activity for XL184, and our collaboration agreement provides for the sharing of development costs. A global phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is currently enrolling. Assuming positive results from this registration trial, we currently expect to submit a new drug application, or NDA, for XL184 as a treatment for medullary thyroid cancer in the United States in the second half of 2011. In addition, comprehensive phase 2 clinical trials of XL184 in glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumor indications are ongoing. We currently are planning to initiate a phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for recurrent glioblastoma by the end of 2010, assuming a positive outcome of the ongoing phase 2 clinical evaluation in this indication.

 

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We are also actively pursuing the development of XL147 and XL765, leading inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3 kinase, or PI3K, that we out-licensed to sanofi-aventis in 2009. XL147 is a selective inhibitor of PI3K while XL765 is a dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. Sanofi-aventis is responsible for funding all development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765, including our activities. We currently are conducting the majority of the clinical trials for these compounds. XL147 and XL765 are currently being evaluated in a series of phase 1b/2 clinical trials for a variety of solid tumor indications and a broad phase 2 clinical trial program that commenced in early 2010.

We also have several earlier novel drug candidates in clinical development for the treatment of cancer, and preclinical programs for cancer, metabolic disease and inflammation.

Based on the strength of our expertise in biology, drug discovery and development, we have established collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Bristol-Myers Squibb, sanofi-aventis, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and GlaxoSmithKline, that allow us to retain economic participation in compounds and support additional development of our pipeline. Our collaborations generally fall into one of two categories: collaborations in which we co-develop compounds with a partner, share development costs and profits from commercialization and may have the right to co-promote products in the United States, and collaborations in which we out-license compounds to a partner for further development and commercialization, have no further unreimbursed cost obligations and are entitled to receive milestones and royalties or a share of profits from commercialization. Under either form of collaboration, we may also be entitled to license fees, research funding and milestone payments from research results and subsequent product development activities.

Our Strategy

Our business strategy is to leverage our biological expertise and integrated research and development capabilities to generate a pipeline of development compounds with significant therapeutic and commercial potential for the treatment of cancer and potentially other serious diseases.

Our strategy consists of three principal elements:

 

   

Focus on lead clinical compounds – We are focusing our development efforts on XL184, XL147 and XL765. These drug candidates are the most advanced in our pipeline and we believe that they have the greatest near-term therapeutic and commercial potential. As a result, we are dedicating the majority of our resources to aggressively advance these drug candidates through development toward commercialization.

 

   

Partner compounds – We continue to pursue new collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and ultimate commercialization of some of our preclinical and clinical compounds, particularly those drug candidates for which we believe that the capabilities and resources of a partner can accelerate development and help to fully realize their therapeutic and commercial potential. Collaborations also provide us with a means of shifting all or a portion of the development costs related to such drug candidates and provide financial resources that we can apply to fund our share of the development of our lead clinical compounds and other areas of our pipeline. Our goal is to significantly increase the portion of our development expenses that are reimbursed by partners while maintaining financial upside from potential downstream milestones and royalties if these drug candidates were to be marketed in the future.

 

   

Control costs – We are committed to managing our costs, and we continually analyze our expenses to ensure they are not disproportionate to our cash resources. We are selective with respect to funding our clinical development programs and have established definitive go/no-go criteria to ensure that we commit our resources only to those programs that we believe have the greatest commercial and therapeutic potential. We also retain the right to opt-out of the development of certain drug candidates that we are currently co-developing with partners.

 

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As a consequence of our strategy of focusing our resources on our most advanced clinical compounds and controlling costs, on March 8, 2010 we implemented a restructuring of the company that resulted in a reduction of our workforce by approximately 40%, or 270 employees. While we will continue to maintain an integrated research and development organization, the reduction in our workforce was weighted towards our drug discovery group. We have maintained capabilities in all aspects of drug discovery and expect to continue to generate novel investigational new drug application-, or IND-,ready compounds, although fewer on a yearly basis for the foreseeable future than we have generated historically. We have retained the ability to meet all of our obligations to existing partners. Further, and as a result of our retained research capabilities and our numerous unpartnered clinical and preclinical compounds, we expect that our ongoing and planned future business development discussions will be unaffected by the restructuring. We believe that the restructuring increases our financial strength and positions us for longer-term sustainable growth.

Areas of Expertise

Integrated Drug Research, Discovery and Development Capabilities

We have built a multidisciplinary, integrated research and development platform that supports the complex, iterative nature of drug discovery, translational research and clinical development. Our platform has been designed to include all of the critical functions and expertise required to advance from gene to drug in a consistent and streamlined fashion. Our integrated approach supports rapid advancement of compounds from development candidate status to IND.

Our organizational structure is designed to create a seamless and flexible research and development process. It is configured to provide one consistent set of goals and objectives to all departments within the research and development organization and to give us the flexibility to allocate and focus our diverse resources to address our most pressing needs and those of our partners. This organizational structure ensures that our earliest discovery activities generate data that inform clinical development strategies, and enables us to apply what we learn in the clinic about our drug candidates to how we discover, assess and select new compounds for future development. We believe that this approach allows us to align the target profile of a specific compound with the molecular profiles of specific cancer types and patient populations. We also believe that this strengthens our ability to select appropriate patients for clinical trials, which may allow significant efficacy to be demonstrated using smaller, shorter trials. Similarly, we use biological approaches to identify disease indications that give us a clear and potentially shorter path to the market, which may allow us to decrease our development times and bring drugs to market sooner.

Additionally, we are leveraging what we learn through preclinical studies to identify clinical biomarkers that can be utilized to select patients who may be most likely to respond, or to determine early in the development process if the compound is having the expected effect in patients on the target(s) and pathway(s) of interest. This approach may result in an increased probability that patients receive effective therapies.

Drug Discovery

In addition to establishing an integrated research and development organizational structure, we have built an optimized drug discovery platform. We utilize a variety of high-throughput technologies to enable the rapid discovery, optimization and extensive characterization of lead compounds such that we are able to select development candidates with the best potential for further evaluation and advancement into the clinic. We have combined our ability to identify and validate novel targets with state-of-the-art drug discovery to effectively exploit both the chemical and biological sciences. In addition, we have built critical mass in all key operational areas. We believe that these human and technological resources enable us to: (1) effectively and rapidly qualify novel targets for high-throughput screening; (2) identify and optimize proprietary lead compounds; (3) develop extensive preclinical data to guide selection of patient populations, thereby maximizing the opportunity for obtaining significant clinical benefit; and (4) perform the broad range of preclinical testing required to advance

 

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promising compounds through all stages of development. Key capabilities within drug discovery include: high-throughput screening, medicinal and combinatorial chemistry, cell biology, protein biochemistry, structural biology, pharmacology, biotherapeutics and informatics.

Translational Research

Our translational research group is focused on using the knowledge we generate in the discovery process about biological targets and the impact of our compounds on those targets to identify patient populations in which to test our compounds and methods for assessing compound activity. This includes understanding the role of specific targets in disease therapy, identifying gene mutations or gene variants that impact response to therapy and identifying biomarkers that can be used to assess drug responses early on in treatment. Key capabilities within translational research include nonclinical development (encompassing toxicology, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics and bioanalytics) and translational medicine.

Development

Our development group leads the implementation of our clinical and regulatory strategies. Working closely with the discovery and translational research groups, and with our partners, as the case may be, the development group prioritizes disease indications in which our compounds may be studied in clinical trials. The development group designs, directs, implements and oversees all areas of clinical operations, including identifying and selecting clinical investigators, recruiting study subjects to participate in our clinical trials, biostatistics, data management, drug safety evaluation, and adverse event reporting. The development group also is responsible for assuring that our development programs are conducted in compliance with all regulatory requirements. The group works closely with the cross functional project and clinical teams to facilitate the appropriate and efficient development of our diverse product pipeline. Key capabilities within development include clinical development, clinical operations, safety monitoring, biostatistics, programming and data management, regulatory strategy and program management.

Our Pipeline

Overview

We have an extensive pipeline of compounds in various stages of development that will potentially treat cancer and various metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. All of our development compounds were generated through our internal drug discovery efforts, although we are developing certain of these compounds in collaboration with partners and have out-licensed others. We are focusing our development efforts on our lead clinical compounds, XL184, XL147 and XL765. These drug candidates are the most advanced in our pipeline, and we believe that they have the greatest near-term therapeutic and commercial potential. As a result, we are dedicating the majority of our resources to aggressively advance these drug candidates through development towards commercialization.

The following table sets forth compounds that we are developing independently or are co-developing with a partner:

 

Compound

  

Partner

  

Principal Targets

  

Indication

  

Stage of Development

XL184

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    MET, VEGFR2, RET    Cancer    Phase 3

XL139

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    Hedgehog    Cancer    Phase 1b

XL413

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    CDC7    Cancer    Phase 1

XL888

   Unpartnered    HSP90    Cancer    Phase 1

XL499

   Unpartnered    PI3K-d    Cancer and inflammation    Preclinical

 

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The following table sets forth those compounds that we have out-licensed to third parties for further development and commercialization:

 

Compound

  

Partner

  

Principal Targets

  

Indication

  

Stage of Development

XL880

   GlaxoSmithKline    MET, VEGFR2    Cancer    Phase 2

XL147

   sanofi-aventis    PI3K    Cancer    Phase 1b/2

XL765

   sanofi-aventis    PI3K, mTOR    Cancer    Phase 1b/2

XL518

   Genentech    MEK    Cancer    Phase 1b

XL281

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    RAF    Cancer    Phase 1

XL652

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    LXR    Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases    Phase 1

XL041

   Bristol-Myers Squibb    LXR    Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases    Phase 1

XL550

   Daiichi-Sankyo    MR    Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases    Preclinical

FXR

   Pfizer    FXR    Metabolic and liver disorders    Preclinical

S1P1R

   Boehringer Ingelheim    S1P1R (agonist)    Inflammation    Preclinical

The following table sets forth those compounds for which we are pursuing collaborations or other external opportunities:

 

Compound

  

Principal Targets

  

Indication

   Stage of Development

XL228

   IGF1R , ABL, SRC    Cancer    Phase 1

XL388

   TORC1 & 2    Cancer    IND

XL541

   S1P1R (antagonist)    Cancer    Preclinical

XL475

   TGR5    Metabolic disease    Preclinical

XL184

XL184 (BMS-907351), our most advanced drug candidate, inhibits MET, VEGFR2 and RET, which are key drivers of tumor growth and/or vascularization. This compound has demonstrated dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition and tumor regression in a variety of preclinical tumor models, including thyroid, breast, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma. A phase 1 clinical trial in patients with advanced malignancies for whom there are no other available therapies was initiated in September 2005. Preliminary data from this study were first reported by investigators at the 18th EORTC-NCI-AACR International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, or the EORTC Symposium, in November 2006. Updated data from this study were presented at the 2007 and 2008 EORTC Symposia, the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, or ASCO Annual Meeting, in June 2008, the World Congress on Thyroid Cancer in August 2009, the Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association in September 2009 and the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association in September 2009. A phase 1b/2 trial of XL184 as a single agent and in combination with erlotinib was initiated in January 2008 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have failed prior therapy with erlotinib, and a phase 2 trial of XL184 as a single agent was initiated in April 2008 in patients with advanced glioblastoma. Preliminary data from the latter study were presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2009 and at the Joint Meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the AANS/CNS Section on Tumors in October 2009. In addition, preliminary biomarker data from both the phase 2 trial in patients with advanced glioblastoma and the phase 1 trial in patients with advanced malignancies were presented at the 2009 EORTC Symposium. In July 2008, a phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for medullary thyroid cancer was initiated following agreement between the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and us on the trial design through the FDA’s Special Protocol Assessment process. Assuming positive results from this registration trial, we currently expect to submit an NDA for XL184 as a treatment for medullary thyroid cancer in the United States in the second half of 2011. We are planning to initiate a phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for recurrent glioblastoma by the end of 2010, assuming positive outcome of the ongoing phase 2 clinical evaluation in this indication.

 

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As described under “ – Corporate Collaborations – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2008 Cancer Collaboration,” in December 2008, we entered into a worldwide co-development collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for the development and commercialization of XL184. We currently are conducting the majority of the development activity for XL184, and our collaboration agreement provides for the sharing of development costs. We believe that our continued involvement in the clinical development of XL184 will be beneficial to us as well as to the development of XL184. Our involvement potentially increases the pace of development for this drug

candidate and thus accelerates the timing for potential commercialization, which in turn enhances our ability to realize profits on sales of any resulting products in the United States, as well as sales performance milestones and double-digit royalties on sales outside the United States.

PI3K Inhibitors (XL147 and XL765)

XL147 (SAR245408) selectively targets PI3K. Upregulation of PI3K activity is one of the most common characteristics of human tumor cells and can result from activation of growth factor receptors, amplification of the PIK3CA gene, activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene, downregulation of the PTEN lipid phosphatase, or activating mutations in RAS. Activation of PI3K results in stimulation of AKT and mTOR kinases resulting in promotion of tumor cell growth and survival. This survival signal plays a significant role in conferring resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy by inhibiting apoptotic cell death. XL147 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3K with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that has shown substantial activity, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy, in several preclinical xenograft models. We filed an IND for XL147 in March 2007 and initiated a phase 1 trial in June 2007. Preliminary data from this trial were reported at the EORTC Symposium in October 2007, and updated data were presented at the EORTC Symposia in October 2008 and November 2009 and at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2009. Two phase 1b/2 studies were initiated in 2008 combining XL147 with either erlotinib or combination chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel). Preliminary data from these trials were reported at the EORTC Symposium in November 2009. Additional studies initiated in early 2010 include a phase 2 study of XL147 as a single agent in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer, and a phase 1b/2 study of XL147 combined with trastuzumab or trastuzumab and paclitaxel in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer who previously progressed on a trastuzumab-based regimen.

XL765 (SAR245409) targets both PI3K and mTOR, key kinases in the PI3K signaling pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that controls the protein translation machinery and hence cell growth. mTOR is activated by growth factors via PI3K and AKT, but is also activated in a PI3K-independent fashion in response to nutrient and energy levels. Thus, in some tumors, targeting both PI3K and mTOR may provide additional benefit compared to selectively targeting PI3K. XL765 is a potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that has shown substantial activity, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy, in several preclinical xenograft models. We filed an IND for XL765 in April 2007 and initiated a phase 1 trial in June 2007. Preliminary data from this trial were reported at the EORTC Symposium in October 2007, and updated data were presented at the ASCO Annual Meetings in June 2008 and June 2009 and at the EORTC Symposia in October 2008 and November 2009. Two phase 1b/2 studies were initiated in 2008 combining XL765 with either erlotinib or temozolomide. Preliminary data from these trials were reported at the EORTC Symposium in November 2009.

As described under “ – Corporate Collaborations – sanofi-aventis,” in May 2009, we entered into a global license agreement and discovery collaboration with sanofi-aventis for the development and commercialization of XL147 and XL765 and the discovery of inhibitors of PI3K for the treatment of cancer. While XL147 and XL765 are out-licensed, we continue to be extensively involved in their development. All of our development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765 are funded by sanofi-aventis. We believe that our continued involvement in the clinical development of XL147 and XL765 will be beneficial to us as well as to the development of these drug candidates. Our involvement potentially increases the pace of development for these drug candidates and thus accelerates the timing for potential commercialization, which in turn enhances our ability to realize development, regulatory and commercial milestones under the license agreement, as well as royalties on commercial sales of any resulting products.

 

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Other Compounds Being Developed Independently or Co-Developed with a Partner.

In addition to XL184, we are currently developing independently or are co-developing with a partner the following compounds:

 

   

XL139 (BMS-833923) inhibits activation of Hedgehog, or Hh, signaling by binding to smoothened, a key component of the signaling pathway. Genetic lesions that activate the Hh pathway are key drivers of basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma in humans. In addition, activation of the Hh signaling pathway via the action of the ligands SHh, IHh or DHh promotes cellular growth, and elevated ligand production and Hh pathway activation is observed in a variety of human tumors including pancreatic carcinoma, small-cell lung cancer, and glioblastoma. Signaling via the Hh pathway is also thought to promote survival of cancer stem cells, which constitute a particularly chemo- and radio-resistant component of tumors. In preclinical models, XL139 potently inhibits Hh signaling in tumors and significantly slows tumor growth. XL139 was advanced to development candidate status in July 2007. A phase 1 clinical trial in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer was initiated in July 2008, and preliminary data from this trial were reported at the 2009 EORTC Symposium. Additional studies initiated in 2009 or early 2010 included a phase 1b study of XL139 with cisplatin and capecitabine in inoperable, metastatic gastric, gastroesophageal, or esophageal adenocarcinomas, and a phase 1 study of XL139 with carboplatin and etoposide followed by XL139 alone in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. As described under “ – Corporate Collaborations – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2007 Cancer Collaboration,” in January 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb exercised its option to develop and commercialize XL139, and we exercised our option to co-develop and co-commercialize XL139.

 

   

XL413 (BMS-863233) is a small molecule inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase CDC7. The function of CDC7 is required for DNA replication to proceed, and its activity is often upregulated in cancer cells. Studies suggest that CDC7 plays a role in regulation of cell cycle checkpoint control and protects tumor cells from apoptotic cell death during replication stress. Therefore, inhibition of CDC7 may have utility in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers, either as a single agent or in combination with DNA damaging agents. XL413 was advanced to development candidate status in October 2008. A phase 1 clinical trial in patients with hematologic cancer was initiated in March 2009, and phase 1 study in patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid tumors was initiated in May 2009. As described under “ – Corporate Collaborations – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2007 Cancer Collaboration,” in November 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb exercised its option to develop and commercialize XL413, and we exercised our option to co-develop and co-commercialize XL413.

 

   

XL888 is a novel, synthetic inhibitor of HSP90, a chaperone protein that promotes the activity and stability of a range of key regulatory proteins including kinases. The activity of HSP90 is particularly prominent in tumor cells, where it promotes the activity of proteins controlling cell proliferation and survival. Natural product based inhibitors of HSP90 are currently in clinical trials and have shown encouraging signs of anti-tumor activity, but their utility is limited by poor pharmacokinetic properties and by their side effect profiles. XL888 inhibits HSP90 with potency comparable to natural product-based inhibitors, but has good oral bioavailability and an improved tolerability profile in preclinical models. XL888 exhibits substantial anti-tumor activity at well tolerated doses in multiple preclinical xenograft tumor models. XL888 was advanced to development candidate status in October 2007, and we filed an IND in October 2008 and initiated a phase 1 clinical trial in November 2008.

 

   

XL499 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3K-d, a class 1A PI3K isoform expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells and some hematologic malignancies. PI3K-d plays important roles in various aspects of immune cell function, including mast cell degranulation, B lymphocyte maturation, and T lymphocyte differentiation. Targeting PI3K-d signaling has been shown to significantly reduce inflammation and disease progression in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and allergic asthma. In addition, selectively targeting PI3K-d has been shown to lead to clinically relevant responses in some lymphoma patients. XL499 exhibits potent activity against PI3K-d in cells, and is highly selective when compared to other PI3K isoforms, protein kinases, or GPCRs. In addition, oral

 

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administration of XL499 results in robust anti-inflammatory activity in preclinical models of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, inflammatory cytokine release, and edema. XL499 was advanced to development candidate status in January 2010.

Other Out-Licensed Compounds.

In addition to XL147 and XL765, we have out-licensed to third parties for further development and commercialization the following compounds in preclinical and clinical development:

 

   

XL880 (foretinib) is a potent inhibitor of MET and VEGFR2, which play synergistic roles in promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. Activation or overexpression of MET has been documented as a negative prognostic indicator in patients with various carcinomas and in patients with multiple myeloma, glioma and other solid tumors. Interim data from an ongoing phase 1 trial of XL880 were presented at the 2005 EORTC Symposium and at the 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting. Updated data were reported at the 2006 and 2009 EORTC Symposia. A phase 2 clinical trial of XL880 was initiated in patients with hereditary or sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma in June 2006, and data from this trial were reported at the 2007 EORTC Symposium and at the 2008 and 2009 ASCO Annual Meetings. Another phase 2 trial was initiated in patients with metastatic, poorly differentiated diffuse gastric cancer in December 2006, and data from this trial were reported at the 2008 and 2009 ASCO Annual Meetings. Additionally, a phase 2 trial was initiated in head and neck cancer patients in August 2007, and data from this trial were reported at the 2009 EORTC Symposium. As described under “ –Corporate Collaborations – GlaxoSmithKline,” in December 2007, GlaxoSmithKline exercised its option to further develop and commercialize XL880, and we transferred the XL880 development program to GlaxoSmithKline in the first quarter of 2008.

 

   

XL518 (GDC-0973) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of MEK, a key component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. This pathway is frequently activated in human tumors and is required for transmission of growth-promoting signals from numerous receptor tyrosine kinases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that XL518 is a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK with highly optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. XL518 exhibits oral bioavailability in multiple species and causes substantial and durable inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in xenograft tumor models. Administration of XL518 causes tumor regression in multiple xenograft models with mutationally-activated B-RAF or RAS. We filed an IND for XL518 in December 2006 and initiated a phase 1 clinical trial in May 2007. In December 2006, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Genentech for the development and commercialization of XL518, as described under “ – Corporate Collaborations – Genentech.” We reached the maximum tolerated dose for XL518 in early 2009 and in March 2009 transferred the compound to Genentech, which is responsible for all further clinical development.

 

   

XL281 (BMS-908662) specifically targets RAF, which is a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase that lies immediately downstream of RAS, and is a key component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway that is frequently activated in human tumors. Activating mutations in B-RAF occur in a large proportion of melanoma patients, indicating a potentially pivotal role for deregulation of this kinase in the progression of melanoma. XL281 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of RAF kinases, is orally bioavailable and exhibits substantial activity in tumor xenograft models. A phase 1 trial was initiated in April 2007. Preliminary data from this trial were presented at the EORTC Symposium in October 2008 and updated data were presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2009. As described under “ –Corporate Collaborations – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2008 Cancer Collaboration,” in December 2008, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb pursuant to which we granted to Bristol-Myers Squibb an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize XL281.

 

   

XL652 and XL041 target the liver X receptor, or LXR, which modulates genes involved in regulation of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Activation of LXRa or LXRb in foam cells in atherosclerotic

 

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plaques promotes reverse cholesterol transport and results in marked anti-atherogenic activity in multiple preclinical models of atherosclerosis. However, prototype LXR agonists also activate LXRa in the liver resulting in increased fatty acid synthesis and consequent elevations in hepatic and circulating triglycerides, an unacceptable side effect. XL652 and XL041 are novel LXR agonists that effectively reduce atherosclerotic plaques in preclinical models at doses that do not result in triglyceride elevations. XL652 and XL041 were developed under a collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, which is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds. For more information on our LXR collaboration, see “ – Corporate Collaborations – Bristol-Myers Squibb – LXR Collaboration.”

 

   

XL550 is a potent, selective, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor, or MR, antagonist that is active in animal models of hypertension and congestive heart failure. XL550 has shown excellent oral bioavailability and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties in multiple preclinical models and has exhibited a significantly better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile as compared to existing steroid drugs. In multiple studies in various non-clinical species, XL550 shows potent anti-hypertensive action and anti-hypertrophic action on the heart, lung and kidney. In addition, XL550 shows 50-100 times greater potency vs. eplerenone in various preclinical vivo studies related to hypertension and congestive heart failure. As a novel proprietary non-steroidal MR antagonist, XL550 has the potential to offer highly effective and safe therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. XL550 was licensed to Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, or Daiichi-Sankyo, for development and commercialization in March 2006. Daiichi-Sankyo is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compound. See “ – Corporate Collaborations – Other Collaborations – Daiichi-Sankyo.”

 

   

Farnesoid X Receptor, or FXR, has been shown to function as a bile acid receptor regulating genes involved in lipid, cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. We have identified proprietary, potent and selective FXR ligands (compounds that bind to a receptor) that have good oral bioavailability and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties. In rodent models of dyslipidemia, these compounds lowered triglycerides by decreasing triglyceride synthesis and secretion. In addition, they improved the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ratio and are anti-atherogenic (prevent the formation of lipid deposits in the arteries) in animal models of atherosclerosis. These compounds are also active in models of cholestasis (a condition in which bile excretion from the liver is blocked), cholesterol gallstones and liver fibrosis. These data suggest that small molecule ligands targeting FXR may function as novel therapeutic agents for treating symptoms and disease states associated with metabolic syndrome as well as certain liver disorders. In December 2005, we licensed the FXR program to Pfizer, Inc. (formerly Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Pfizer is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds. For information regarding our collaboration with Pfizer, see “ – Corporate Collaborations – Other Collaborations – Pfizer.”

 

   

S1P1 Receptor is a member of a family of five GPCRs that modulate cellular function and survival in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P1 controls trafficking of lymphocytes, and activation of S1P1 lowers peripheral lymphocyte counts. S1P receptor agonists exhibit substantial activity in preclinical inflammation models and FTY720, a pan S1P receptor agonist, was efficacious in clinical trials in patients with multiple sclerosis. We have optimized a series of potent and selective S1P1 agonists that lack activity against S1P3, which may contribute to the cardiac side effects observed with pan S1P agonists. One of our compounds, EXEL-9953, is an advanced lead that exhibits potent and durable reductions in lymphocyte counts following oral dosing in multiple preclinical species. This program is being advanced as part of a collaboration with Boehringer Ingleheim. For more information on our collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim, see “ – Corporate Collaborations – Other Collaborations – Boehringer Ingelheim.”

 

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Potential Collaboration Candidates

Consistent with our strategy of focusing our resources on our most advanced clinical compounds and controlling costs, we are actively pursuing collaborations or other external opportunities for certain compounds in preclinical and clinical development for which we believe that the capabilities and resources of a partner can accelerate development and help to fully realize their therapeutic and commercial potential. Going forward, we do not intend to make significant additional investments in the following compounds:

 

   

XL228 targets IGF1R, an RTK that is highly expressed and activated in a broad range of human tumors and is thought to promote tumor growth, survival and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, XL228 potently inhibits the T315I mutant form of BCR-ABL, which is resistant to inhibition by other targeted therapies approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia. XL228 also targets SRC, a tyrosine kinase that is activated and/or expressed in many tumors and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, progression and metastisis. XL228 exhibited activity in a variety of solid tumor xenograft models. We filed an IND for XL228 in August 2006. We subsequently observed formulation stability data resulting in the need for minor changes in formulation. We then initiated a phase 1 clinical trial in May 2007 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who have failed or have been intolerant to imatinib and dasatinib therapy, and a phase 1 trial in patients with solid tumors in October 2007. Preliminary data from the trial in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were reported at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology in December 2007 and 2008. Preliminary data from the phase 1 trial in patients with solid tumors were presented at the EORTC Symposium in October 2008 and updated data were presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2009 and the EORTC Symposium in November 2009.

 

   

XL388 is a selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR that targets both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinase complexes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is common in tumor cells and may occur as a result of overexpression or mutational activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (i.e. EGFR and IGF1R), downstream signaling proteins (i.e. PI3K, RAS, RAF, and MEK), or tumor suppressors (i.e. PTEN, TSC1/TSC2, or LKB1). In addition, chemotherapy and radiation treatments have been shown to elevate mTORC2/AKT-mediated survival signaling, which plays a significant role in conferring resistance to these therapies. In preclinical tumor models, oral administration of XL388 results in dose-dependent inhibition of mTOR signaling, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and tumor growth inhibition or regression. XL388 was advanced to development candidate status in April 2009, and we filed an IND in December 2009.

 

   

XL541 is a selective antagonist of the S1P1 receptor, a member of a family of five GPCRs that modulate cellular function and survival in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate. S1P1 plays a critical role in vascular maturation, which is required for tumors to develop a functional vasculature. Accordingly, blockade of S1P1 function has been shown to impair vascularization and to decrease tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical tumor models. In addition to its role in the vasculature, S1P1 has been shown to play important roles in driving cell proliferation in a variety of human tumors including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma and glioma. In preclinical models, oral administration of XL541 results in substantial regression of the vasculature in tumors, and tumor growth inhibition, without any noticeable impact on the vasculature in normal tissue. In addition, combined administration of XL541 with chemotherapy results in synergistic and durable anti-tumor activity. XL541 was advanced to development candidate status in December 2008.

 

   

XL475 is small-molecule agonist of TGR5, a member of the of the GPCR superfamily that is highly expressed in the gall bladder and intestine. Bile acids have been implicated as endogenous TGR5 agonists and shown to increase secretion of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone that affects multiple metabolic parameters including increased insulin secretion from the pancreas and lowering of blood glucose. Stimulating GLP-1 secretion by activation of TGR5 is a rational and complementary therapeutic strategy with GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes. XL475 is a potent, selective, and orally administered agonist of TGR5 that increases GLP-1 secretion in

 

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multiple species. XL475 was designed to selectively target the TGR5 receptors in the intestine without significant systemic exposure to enhance the therapeutic index for potential chronic administration. In preclinical models of type 2 diabetes, XL475 is highly effective in lowering blood glucose, improving glucose tolerance, improving plasma and hepatic lipid levels, and reducing hepatic steatosis. XL475 was advanced to development candidate status in January 2010.

Corporate Collaborations

Based on the strength of our expertise in biology, drug discovery and development, we have established collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that allow us to retain economic participation in compounds and support additional development of our pipeline. Our collaborations generally fall into one of two categories: collaborations in which we co-develop compounds with a partner, share development costs and profits from commercialization and may have the right to co-promote products in the United States, and collaborations in which we out-license compounds to a partner for further development and commercialization, have no further unreimbursed cost obligations and are entitled to receive milestones and royalties or a share of profits from commercialization. Under either form of collaboration, we may also be entitled to license fees, research funding and milestone payments from research results and subsequent product development activities.

sanofi-aventis

In May 2009, we entered into a global license agreement with sanofi-aventis for XL147 and XL765, and a broad collaboration for the discovery of inhibitors of PI3K for the treatment of cancer. The license agreement and collaboration agreement became effective on July 7, 2009. In connection with the effectiveness of the license and collaboration, on July 20, 2009, we received upfront payments of $140.0 million ($120.0 million for the license and $20.0 million for the collaboration), less applicable withholding taxes of $7.0 million, for a net receipt of $133.0 million. We expect to receive a refund payment from the French government in 2010 with respect to the withholding taxes previously withheld.

Under the license agreement, sanofi-aventis received a worldwide exclusive license to XL147 and XL765, which are currently in phase 1, phase 1b/2 and phase 2 clinical trials, and has sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities. It is expected that we will continue to participate in the conduct of ongoing and potential future clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Sanofi-aventis is responsible for funding all future development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765, including our activities. Under the collaboration agreement, the parties are combining efforts in establishing several pre-clinical PI3K programs and jointly share responsibility for research and preclinical activities related to isoform-selective inhibitors of PI3K-a and -b. Sanofi-aventis will provide us with guaranteed annual research and development funding during the research term and is responsible for funding all development activities for each product following approval of the investigational new drug application filed with the applicable regulatory authorities for such product. Sanofi-aventis will have sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities of any products arising from the collaboration. However, we may be requested to conduct certain clinical trials at sanofi-aventis’ expense. The research term under the collaboration is three years, although sanofi-aventis has the right to extend the term for an additional one-year period upon prior written notice.

In addition to the aggregate upfront cash payments for the license and collaboration agreements, we are entitled to receive guaranteed research funding of $21.0 million over three years to cover certain of our costs under the collaboration agreement. For both the license and the collaboration combined, we will be eligible to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestones of over $1.0 billion in the aggregate, as well as royalties on sales of any products commercialized under the license or collaboration.

 

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Sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the license as to products containing XL147 or XL765. In the event of such termination election, sanofi-aventis’ license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

The collaboration will automatically terminate under certain circumstances upon the expiration of the research term, in which case all licenses granted by the parties to each other would terminate and revert to the respective party, subject to sanofi-aventis’ right to receive, under certain circumstances, the first opportunity to obtain a license from us to any isoform-selective PI3K inhibitor. In addition, sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior written notice to us, terminate the collaboration in whole or as to certain products following expiration of the research term, in which case we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations by us, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

Bristol-Myers Squibb

2008 Cancer Collaboration. In December 2008, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184 and XL281. Upon effectiveness of the agreement in December 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb made an upfront cash payment of $195.0 million for the development and commercialization rights to both programs. The agreement required Bristol-Myers Squibb to make additional license payments to us of $45.0 million, which were received during 2009.

We and Bristol-Myers Squibb have agreed to co-develop XL184, and potentially a backup program for XL184. The companies will share worldwide (except for Japan) development costs for XL184. We are responsible for 35% of such costs and Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for 65% of such costs, except that we are responsible for funding the initial $100.0 million of combined costs and have the option to defer payments for development costs above certain thresholds. In return, we will share 50% of the commercial profits and losses (including pre-launch commercialization expenses) in the United States and have the option to co-promote XL184 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan. We have the right to defer payment for certain early commercialization and other related costs above certain thresholds. We are eligible to receive sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on sales on XL184 outside the United States. The clinical development of XL184 is directed by a joint committee. It is anticipated that we will continue to conduct certain clinical development activities for XL184. We may opt out of the co-development for XL184, in which case we would instead be eligible to receive development and regulatory milestones of up to $295.0 million, double-digit royalties on XL184 product sales worldwide and sales performance milestones. Our co-development and co-promotion rights may be terminated in the event that we have “cash reserves” below $80.0 million and we are unable to increase such cash reserves to $80.0 million or more within 90 days, in which case we would receive development and regulatory milestones, sales milestones and double-digit royalties, instead of sharing product profits on XL184 in the United States. For purposes of the agreement, “cash reserves” includes our total cash, cash equivalents and investments (excluding any restricted cash), plus the amount then available for borrowing by us under certain financing arrangements. Our co-promotion rights on XL184 in the United States, and possibly our right to share product profits on XL184, may be terminated in the event we undergo certain change of control transactions. Bristol-Myers Squibb may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the agreement as to products containing XL184 or XL281. In the event of such termination election, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb to research, develop and commercialize such products.

Bristol-Myers Squibb received an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize XL281. We will carry out certain clinical trials of XL281 which may include a backup program on XL281. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for funding all future development of XL281, including our activities. We are eligible for development and regulatory milestones of up to $315.0 million on XL281, sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on worldwide sales of XL281.

 

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2007 Cancer Collaboration. In December 2006, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, which became effective in January 2007, to discover, develop and commercialize novel targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. We are responsible for discovery and preclinical development of small molecule drug candidates directed against mutually selected targets. In January 2007, Bristol-Myers Squibb made an upfront payment of $60.0 million to us for which we granted Bristol-Myers Squibb the right to select up to three IND candidates from six future Exelixis compounds.

For each IND candidate selected, we are entitled to receive a $20.0 million selection milestone from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Once selected, Bristol-Myers Squibb will lead the further development and commercialization of the selected IND candidates. In addition, we have the right to opt in to co-promote the selected IND candidates, in which case we will equally share all development costs and profits in the United States. If we opt-in, we will be responsible for 35% of all development costs related to clinical trials intended to support regulatory approval in both the United States and the rest of the world (except for Japan), with the remaining 65% and all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan to be paid by Bristol-Myers Squibb. We have the right to defer payment for certain development costs above certain thresholds. If we do not opt in to co-promote the selected IND candidates, we would be entitled to receive milestones and royalties in lieu of profits from sales in the United States. Outside of the United States, Bristol-Myers Squibb will have primary responsibility for development activities and we will be entitled to receive royalties on product sales. After exercising its co-development option, Bristol-Myers Squibb may, upon notice to us, terminate the agreement as to any product containing or comprising the selected candidate. In the event of such termination election, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb to research, develop and commercialize certain collaboration compounds that were discovered.

In January 2008 and November 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb exercised its option under the collaboration to develop and commercialize XL139 and XL413, respectively. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, the selection of XL139 and XL413 by Bristol-Myers Squibb entitled us to a milestone payment of $20.0 million each, which we received in February 2008 and December 2008, respectively. In addition, we exercised our option under the collaboration agreement to co-develop and co-commercialize each of XL139 and XL413 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is leading all global activities with respect to XL139 and XL413. The parties will co-develop and co-commercialize each of XL139 and XL413 in the United States and expect to, subject to exercising our co-promotion option, share those profits 50/50. The parties will share U.S. commercialization expenses 50/50 and we will be responsible for 35% of global (except for Japan) development costs, with the remaining 65% and all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan to be paid by Bristol-Myers Squibb. We have the right to defer payment for certain development costs above certain thresholds. We will be entitled to receive double-digit royalties on product sales outside of the United States.

LXR Collaboration. In December 2005, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb for the discovery, development and commercialization of novel therapies targeted against LXR, a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This agreement became effective in January 2006, at which time we granted Bristol-Myers Squibb an exclusive, worldwide license with respect to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate LXR. During the research term, we jointly identified drug candidates with Bristol-Myers Squibb that were ready for IND-enabling studies. After the selection of a drug candidate for further clinical development by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bristol-Myers Squibb agreed to be solely responsible for further preclinical development as well as clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and sales/marketing activities for the selected drug candidate. We do not have rights to reacquire the drug candidates selected by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The research term expired in January 2010 and we are currently conducting a technology transfer to enable Bristol-Myers Squibb to continue the LXR program.

Under the collaboration agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $17.5 million and was obligated to provide research and development funding of $10.0 million per year for an initial research period of two years. In September 2007, the collaboration was extended at Bristol-

 

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Myers Squibb’s request through January 12, 2009, and in November 2008, the collaboration was further extended at Bristol-Myers Squibb’s request through January 12, 2010. Under the collaboration agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb is required to pay us development and regulatory milestones of up to $140.0 million per product for up to two products from the collaboration. In addition, we are also entitled to receive sales milestones and royalties on sales of any products commercialized under the collaboration. In connection with the extension of the collaboration through January 2009 and subsequently January 2010, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us additional research funding of approximately $7.7 million and approximately $5.8 million, respectively. In December 2007, we received $5.0 million for achieving a development milestone.

2001 Cancer Collaboration. In July 2001, we entered into a cancer collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Under the terms of the collaboration, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us a $5.0 million upfront license fee and agreed to provide us with $3.0 million per year in research funding for a minimum of three years. In December 2003, the cancer collaboration was extended until January 2007, at which time Bristol-Myers Squibb elected to continue the collaboration until it expired in July 2009. The goal of the extension was to increase the total number and degree of validation of cancer targets that we delivered to Bristol-Myers Squibb. Each company maintains the option to obtain exclusive worldwide rights to equal numbers of validated targets arising from the collaboration. Under the terms of the extended collaboration, Bristol-Myers Squibb provided us with an upfront payment and agreed to provide increased annual research funding and milestones on certain cancer targets arising from the collaboration that progress through specified stages of validation. We will also be entitled to receive milestones on compounds in the event of successful clinical and regulatory events and royalties on commercialized products.

Genentech

MEK Collaboration. In December 2006, we entered into a worldwide co-development agreement with Genentech for the development and commercialization of XL518, a small-molecule inhibitor of MEK. Genentech paid upfront and milestone payments of $25.0 million in December 2006 and $15.0 million in January 2007 upon signing of the co-development agreement and with the submission of an IND for XL518.

Under the terms of the co-development agreement, we were responsible for developing XL518 through the end of a phase 1 clinical trial, and Genentech had the option to co-develop XL518, which Genentech could exercise after receipt of certain phase 1 data from us. In March 2008, Genentech exercised its option, triggering a payment to us of $3.0 million, which we received in April 2008. We were responsible for the phase 1 clinical trial until the point that a maximum tolerated dose, or MTD, was determined. After MTD was achieved, we granted to Genentech an exclusive worldwide revenue-bearing license to XL518 in March 2009 and Genentech is responsible for completing the phase 1 clinical trial and subsequent clinical development. We expect to receive a $7.0 million milestone payment in April 2010. Genentech is responsible for all further development costs of XL518 and we will share equally in the U.S. commercialization costs. On an annual basis, we are entitled to an initial equal share of U.S. profits and losses, which will decrease as sales increase, and we are also entitled to royalties on non-U.S. sales. We also have the option to co-promote in the United States. Genentech has the right to terminate the agreement without cause at any time. If Genentech terminates the co-development agreement without cause, all licenses that were granted to Genentech under the agreement terminate and revert to us. Additionally, we would receive, subject to certain conditions, licenses from Genentech to research, develop and commercialize reverted product candidates.

Cancer Collaboration. In May 2005, we established a collaboration agreement with Genentech to discover and develop therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and tissue growth and repair. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, we granted to Genentech a license to certain intellectual property. Genentech paid us a nonrefundable upfront license payment and was obligated to provide research and development funding over the three-year research term, totaling $16.0 million.

 

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Under the collaboration agreement, Genentech had primary responsibility in the field of cancer for research and development activities as well as rights for commercialization of any products. In the fields of inflammatory disease and in the fields of tissue growth and repair, we had primary responsibility for research activities. In May 2008, the research term under the collaboration expired, at which time we had the option to elect to share a portion of the costs and profits associated with the development, manufacturing and commercialization of products in one of the fields. In June 2008, we elected to share a portion of the costs and profits associated with the development, manufacturing and commercialization of a therapeutic to treat tissue growth and repair. For all products under the collaboration agreement that were not elected as cost or profit sharing products, we may receive milestone and royalty payments.

GlaxoSmithKline

In October 2002, we established a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline to discover and develop novel therapeutics in the areas of vascular biology, inflammatory disease and oncology. The collaboration involved three agreements: (1) a product development and commercialization agreement (2) a stock purchase and stock issuance agreement; and (3) a loan and security agreement. During the term of the collaboration, we received $65.0 million in upfront and milestone payments, $85.0 million in research and development funding and loans in the principal amount of $85.0 million. In connection with the collaboration, GlaxoSmithKline purchased a total of three million shares of our common stock.

In October 2008, the development term under the collaboration concluded as scheduled. Under the terms of the collaboration, GlaxoSmithKline had the right to select up to two of the compounds in the collaboration for further development and commercialization. GlaxoSmithKline selected XL880 and had the right to choose one additional compound from a pool of compounds, which consisted of XL184, XL281, XL228, XL820 and XL844 as of the end of the development term.

In July 2008, we achieved proof-of-concept for XL184 and submitted the corresponding data report to GlaxoSmithKline. In October 2008, GlaxoSmithKline notified us in writing that it decided not to select XL184 for further development and commercialization and that it waived its right to select XL281, XL228, XL820 and XL844 for further development and commercialization. As a result, we retained the rights to develop, commercialize, and/or license all of the compounds, subject to payment to GSK of a 3% royalty on net sales of any product incorporating XL184. As described under “ – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2008 Cancer Collaboration,” in December 2008, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184 and XL281. We discontinued development of XL820 and XL844 in December 2008.

The $85.0 million loan we received from GlaxoSmithKline bears interest at a rate of 4.0% per annum and is secured by certain intellectual property, technology and equipment created or utilized pursuant to the collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under our GlaxoSmithKline loan was $70.8 million, after giving effect to a cash payment we made to GlaxoSmithKline of $34.7 million on October 27, 2009 for the first of three annual installments of principal and accrued interest due under the loan. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. Repayment of all or any of the amounts advanced to us under the loan agreement may, at our election, be in the form of our common stock at fair market value, subject to certain conditions, or cash. During 2010, we may pursue a potential refinancing of the GlaxoSmithKline loan with a third party, although there can be no assurance that we would be able to do so on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all.

Other Collaborations

Boehringer Ingelheim. In May 2009, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim to discover, develop and commercialize products that consist of agonists of the sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor, or S1P1R, a central mediator of multiple pathways implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases.

 

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Under the terms of the agreement, Boehringer Ingelheim paid us an upfront cash payment of $15.0 million for the development and commercialization rights to our S1P1R agonist program. We share responsibility for discovery activities under the collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim. The agreement provides that the parties will each conduct research under a mutually agreed upon research plan until such time that we submit a compound that has met agreed-upon criteria, or such later time as agreed upon by the parties. The parties are each responsible for their respective costs and expenses incurred in connection with performing research under the collaboration. Under the collaboration, Boehringer Ingelheim also has the right, at its own expense, to conduct additional research on S1P1R agonists outside of the scope of the research plan agreed to by the parties. The agreement further provides that Boehringer Ingelheim will receive an exclusive worldwide license to further develop, commercialize and manufacture compounds developed under the collaboration and will have sole responsibility for, and shall bear all costs and expenses associated with, all subsequent pre-clinical, clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities. In return, we will potentially receive up to $339.0 million in further development, regulatory and commercial milestones and are eligible to receive royalties on worldwide sales of products commercialized under the collaboration.

Boehringer Ingelheim may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the agreement as to any product developed under the collaboration. In the event of such termination election, Boehringer Ingelheim’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Boehringer Ingelheim to research, develop and commercialize such product.

Daiichi-Sankyo. In March 2006, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Daiichi-Sankyo for the discovery, development and commercialization of novel therapies targeted against MR, a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted to Daiichi-Sankyo an exclusive, worldwide license to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate MR. Daiichi-Sankyo is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds and we do not have rights to reacquire such compounds, except as described below.

Daiichi-Sankyo paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $20.0 million and was obligated to provide research and development funding of $3.8 million over a 15-month research term. In June 2007, our collaboration agreement with Daiichi-Sankyo was amended to extend the research term by six months over which Daiichi-Sankyo was required to provide $1.5 million in research and development funding. In November 2007, the parties decided not to further extend the research term. For each product from the collaboration, we are also entitled to receive payments upon attainment of pre-specified development, regulatory and commercialization milestones. In addition, we are also entitled to receive royalties on any sales of certain products commercialized under the collaboration. Daiichi-Sankyo may terminate the agreement upon 90 days’ written notice in which case Daiichi-Sankyo’s payment obligations would cease, its license relating to compounds that modulate MR would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Daiichi-Sankyo to research, develop and commercialize compounds that were discovered under the collaboration.

Pfizer (formerly Wyeth Pharmaceuticals). In December 2005, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer related to compounds targeting FXR, a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of metabolic and liver disorders. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted to Pfizer an exclusive, worldwide license with respect to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate FXR. Pfizer paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $10.0 million and we received $4.5 million in November 2006 for achieving a development milestone. In November 2007, Pfizer paid us $2.5 million for achieving a second development milestone. Pfizer is obligated to pay additional development and commercialization milestones of up to $140.5 million as well as royalties on sales of any products commercialized by Pfizer under the agreement. Pfizer is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds. Subject to certain terms and conditions, Pfizer has the option to terminate the license agreement.

 

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Manufacturing and Raw Materials

We currently do not have manufacturing capabilities necessary to enable us to produce materials for our clinical trials. Raw materials and supplies required for the production of our product candidates are generally available from multiple suppliers. However, in some instances materials are available only from one supplier. In those cases where raw materials are only available through one supplier, we manage supplies, to the extent feasible, by ordering raw materials in advance of scheduled needs. However, clinical trial schedules may be delayed due to interruptions of raw material supplies.

Government Regulation

The following section contains some general background information regarding the regulatory environment and processes affecting our industry and is designed to illustrate in general terms the nature of our business and the potential impact of government regulations on our business. It is not intended to be comprehensive or complete. Depending on specific circumstances, the information below may or may not apply to us or any of our product candidates. In addition, the information is not necessarily a description of activities that we have undertaken in the past or will undertake in the future. The regulatory context in which we operate is complex and constantly changing.

The FDA and comparable regulatory agencies in state and local jurisdictions and in foreign countries impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical products. These agencies and other federal, state and local entities regulate research and development activities and the testing, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of our products.

The process required by the FDA before product candidates may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following:

 

   

preclinical laboratory and animal tests that must be conducted in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices, or GLP;

 

   

submission of an IND, which must become effective before clinical trials may begin;

 

   

adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug candidate for its intended use;

 

   

pre-approval inspection of manufacturing facilities and selected clinical investigators for their compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices and Good Clinical Practices; and

 

   

FDA approval of an NDA for commercial marketing, or NDA supplement, for an approval of a new indication if the product is already approved for another indication.

The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources.

Prior to commencing the first clinical trial with a product candidate, we must submit an IND to the FDA. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions about the conduct of the clinical trial. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. Our submission of an IND may not result in FDA authorization to commence a clinical trial. A separate submission to the existing IND must be made for each successive clinical trial conducted during product development, and the FDA must grant permission for each clinical trial to start and continue. Further, an independent institutional review board for each medical center proposing to conduct the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial and its informed consent form before the trial commences at that center. Regulatory authorities or an institutional review board or the sponsor may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.

 

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For purposes of NDA approval, human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap.

 

   

Phase 1 – Studies are initially conducted in a limited patient population to test the product candidate for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion in healthy humans or patients.

 

   

Phase 2 – Studies are conducted with groups of patients afflicted with a specified disease in order to provide enough data to evaluate the preliminary efficacy, optimal dosages and expanded evidence of safety. Multiple phase 2 clinical trials may be conducted by the sponsor to obtain information prior to beginning larger and more expensive phase 3 clinical trials. In some cases, a sponsor may decide to run what is referred to as a “phase 2b” evaluation, which is a second, confirmatory phase 2 trial that could, if positive, serve as a pivotal trial in the approval of a product candidate.

 

   

Phase 3 – When phase 2 evaluations demonstrate that a dosage range of the product is effective and has an acceptable safety profile, phase 3 trials are undertaken in large patient populations to further evaluate dosage, to provide replicate statistically significant evidence of clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population at multiple clinical trial sites.

The FDA may require, or companies may pursue, additional clinical trials after a product is approved. These so-called phase 4 studies may be made a condition to be satisfied after a drug receives approval. The results of phase 4 studies can confirm the effectiveness of a product candidate and can provide important safety information to augment the FDA’s adverse drug reaction reporting system. The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA, or as part of an NDA supplement. The submission of an NDA or NDA supplement requires payment of a substantial User Fee to FDA. The FDA may convene an advisory committee to provide clinical insight on NDA review questions. The FDA may deny approval of an NDA or NDA supplement by way of a Complete Response letter if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied, or it may require additional clinical data and/or an additional pivotal phase 3 clinical trial. Even if such data are submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA or NDA supplement does not satisfy the criteria for approval. An NDA may be approved with significant restrictions on its labeling, marketing and distribution under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval if ongoing regulatory standards are not met or if safety problems occur after the product reaches the market. In addition, the FDA may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the effect of approved products which have been commercialized, and the FDA has the power to prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of these post-marketing programs.

Satisfaction of FDA requirements or similar requirements of state, local and foreign regulatory agencies typically takes several years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product or disease. Government regulation may delay or prevent marketing of product candidates or new diseases for a considerable period of time and impose costly procedures upon our activities. The FDA or any other regulatory agency may not grant approvals for new indications for our product candidates on a timely basis, if at all. Success in early stage clinical trials does not ensure success in later stage clinical trials. Targets and pathways identified in vitro may be determined to be less relevant in clinical studies and results in animal model studies may not be predictive of human clinical results. Data obtained from clinical activities is not always conclusive and may be susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Even if a product candidate receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific disease states, patient populations and dosages. Further, even after regulatory approval is obtained, later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on the product or even complete withdrawal of the product from the market.

Any products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including record-keeping requirements and reporting of adverse experiences with the drug. Drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies

 

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for compliance with good manufacturing practices, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our third-party manufacturers. We cannot be certain that we or our present or future suppliers will be able to comply with the good manufacturing practices regulations and other FDA regulatory requirements. If our present or future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may halt our clinical trials, require us to recall a drug from distribution, or withdraw approval of the NDA for that drug.

The FDA closely regulates the marketing and promotion of drugs. A company can make only those claims relating to safety and efficacy that are approved by the FDA. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available drugs for uses that are not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such off-label uses are common across medical specialties. Physicians may believe that such off-label uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate the behavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of off-label use.

The FDA’s policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates or approval of new diseases for our product candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from future legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.

Competition

There are many companies focused on the development of small molecules and antibodies for diseases including cancer and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Our potential competitors include major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as academic research institutions, clinical reference laboratories and government agencies that are pursuing research activities similar to ours. Many of our potential competitors have significantly more financial, technical and other resources than we do, which may allow them to have a competitive advantage.

We believe that our ability to successfully compete will depend on, among other things:

 

   

efficacy, safety and reliability of our product candidates;

 

   

timing and scope of regulatory approval;

 

   

the speed at which we develop product candidates;

 

   

our ability to complete preclinical testing and clinical development and obtaining regulatory approvals for product candidates;

 

   

our ability to manufacture and sell commercial quantities of a product to the market;

 

   

the availability of reimbursement for product use in approved indications;

 

   

product acceptance by physicians and other health care providers;

 

   

quality and breadth of our technology;

 

   

skills of our employees and our ability to recruit and retain skilled employees;

 

   

protection of our intellectual property; and

 

   

availability of substantial capital resources to fund development and commercialization activities.

We believe that the quality and breadth of our technology platform, the skill of our employees and our ability to recruit and retain skilled employees, our patent portfolio and our capabilities for research and drug development are competitive strengths. However, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have significantly larger intellectual property estates than we do, more substantial capital resources than we have, and

 

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greater capabilities and experience than we do in preclinical and clinical development, sales, marketing, manufacturing and regulatory affairs.

Any products that we may develop or discover are likely to be in highly competitive markets. We are aware of products in research or development by our competitors that address all of the diseases we are targeting, and any of these products may compete with our drug candidates. Our competitors may succeed in developing their products before we do, obtaining approvals from the FDA or other regulatory agencies for their products more rapidly than we do, or developing products that are more effective than our products. These products or technologies might render our technology obsolete or noncompetitive. There may also be drug candidates of which we are not aware at an earlier stage of development that may compete with our drug candidates. In addition, any drug candidate that we successfully develop may compete with existing therapies that have long histories of use, such as chemotherapy and radiation treatments in cancer indications. Examples of potential competition for XL184 include AstraZeneca’s development-stage VEGFR and EFGR inhibitor, vandetanib, and other VEGF pathway inhibitors, including Genentech’s bevacizumab and AstraZeneca’s cediranib. Examples of potential competition for XL147 and XL765 include early-stage development programs of various pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Calistoga Pharmaceuticals and Semafore Pharmaceuticals. We anticipate that our compounds would compete with any of these potential products on the basis of the factors described above.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, laboratory supplies, consulting and facilities costs. Research and development expenses were $234.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to $257.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $225.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Revenues from Significant Collaborators

In 2009, we derived 54% and 31% of our revenues from Bristol-Myers Squibb and sanofi-aventis, respectively.

Proprietary Rights

We have obtained licenses from various parties that give us rights to technologies that we deem to be necessary or desirable for our research and development. These licenses (both exclusive and non-exclusive) may require us to pay royalties as well as upfront and milestone payments.

Patents extend for varying periods according to the date of patent filing or grant and the legal term of patents in the various countries where patent protection is obtained. The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends on the type of patent, the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies in the country.

While trade secret protection is an essential element of our business and we have taken security measures to protect our proprietary information and trade secrets, we cannot give assurance that our unpatented proprietary technology will afford us significant commercial protection. We seek to protect our trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with third parties, employees and consultants. Our employees and consultants are also required to sign agreements obligating them to assign to us their interests in intellectual property arising from their work for us. All employees sign an agreement not to engage in any conflicting employment or activity during their employment with us and not to disclose or misuse our confidential information. However, it is possible that these agreements may be breached or invalidated, and if so, there may not be an adequate corrective remedy available. Accordingly, we cannot ensure that employees, consultants or third parties will not breach the confidentiality provisions in our contracts, infringe or misappropriate our trade secrets and other proprietary rights or that measures we are taking to protect our proprietary rights will be adequate.

 

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In the future, third parties may file claims asserting that our technologies or products infringe on their intellectual property. We cannot predict whether third parties will assert such claims against us or against the licensors of technology licensed to us, or whether those claims will harm our business. If we are forced to defend ourselves against such claims, whether they are with or without merit and whether they are resolved in favor of, or against, our licensors or us, we may face costly litigation and the diversion of management’s attention and resources. As a result of such disputes, we may have to develop costly non-infringing technology or enter into licensing agreements. These agreements, if necessary, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

Employees

As of December 31, 2009, we had 676 full-time employees worldwide, 230 of whom held Ph.D. and/or M.D. degrees, most of whom were engaged in full-time research and development activities. After giving effect to the restructuring we implemented on March 8, 2010, we had 403 full-time employees worldwide, 139 of whom held Ph.D. and/or M.D. degrees, most of whom were engaged in full-time research and development activities. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider our employee relations to be good.

Available Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in November 1994 as Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and we changed our name to Exelixis, Inc. in February 2000.

We maintain a site on the worldwide web at www.exelixis.com; however, information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report. We make available free of charge on or through our website our SEC filings, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Further, copies of our filings with the SEC are available at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a site on the worldwide web that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this report and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the following are important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks or such other risks actually occurs, our business could be harmed.

Risks Related to Our Need for Additional Financing and Our Financial Results

If additional capital is not available to us, we would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts and we may breach our financial covenants.

We will need to raise additional capital to:

 

   

fund our operations and clinical trials;

 

   

continue our research and development efforts; and

 

   

commercialize our product candidates, if any such candidates receive regulatory approval for commercial sale.

 

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As of December 31, 2009, we had $221.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term marketable securities, which included restricted cash and investments of $6.4 million. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term marketable securities and funding that we expect to receive from collaborators, which includes anticipated cash from additional business development activity, will enable us to maintain our operations, after giving effect to the restructuring we implemented on March 8, 2010, for a period of at least 12 months following the filing date of this report. However, our future capital requirements will be substantial and will depend on many factors that may require us to use available capital resources significantly earlier than we currently anticipate. These factors include:

 

   

repayment of our loan from GlaxoSmithKline—In October 2002, we entered into a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, to discover and develop novel therapeutics in the areas of vascular biology, inflammatory disease and oncology. As part of the collaboration, we entered into a loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline, pursuant to which we borrowed $85.0 million for use in our efforts under the collaboration. The loan bears interest at a rate of 4.0% per annum and is secured by certain intellectual property, technology and equipment created or utilized pursuant to the collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under our GlaxoSmithKline loan was $70.8 million, after giving effect to a cash payment we made to GlaxoSmithKline of $34.7 million on October 27, 2009 for the first of three annual installments of principal and accrued interest due under the loan. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. Repayment of all or any of the amounts advanced to us under the loan agreement may, at our election, be in the form of our common stock at fair market value, subject to certain conditions, or cash. Following the conclusion on October 27, 2008 of the development term under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, we are no longer eligible to receive selection milestone payments from GlaxoSmithKline to credit against outstanding loan amounts, and in the event the market price for our common stock is depressed, we may not be able to repay the loan in full using shares of our common stock due to restrictions in the agreement on the number of shares we may issue. In addition, the issuance of shares of our common stock to repay the loan may result in significant dilution to our stockholders. As a result, we may need to obtain additional funding to satisfy our repayment obligations. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient funds to repay amounts outstanding under the loan when due or that we will satisfy the conditions to our ability to repay the loan in shares of our common stock. During 2010, we may pursue a potential refinancing of the GlaxoSmithKline loan with a third party, although there can be no assurance that we would be able to do so on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all;

 

   

the progress and scope of the development activity with respect to XL184, our most advanced compound—We are focusing our development efforts on XL184, which is being studied in a variety of tumor types, with the goal of rapidly commercializing the compound. As described under Item 1 of this report under “Business—Corporate Collaborations—Bristol-Myers Squibb—2008 Cancer Collaboration” in December 2008, we entered into a worldwide co-development collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for the development and commercialization of XL184. The companies will share worldwide (except for Japan) development costs for XL184. We are responsible for 35% of such costs and Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for 65% of such costs, except that we are responsible for funding the initial $100.0 million of combined costs and have the option to defer payments for development costs above certain thresholds. In return, we will share 50% of the commercial profits and losses (including pre-launch commercialization expenses) in the United States and have the option to co-promote XL184 in the United States. Bristol-Myers is responsible for all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan. We have the right to defer payment for certain early commercialization and other related costs above certain thresholds. During the term of the collaboration, so long as we have not opted out of the co-development of XL184, there may be periods during which Bristol-Myers Squibb will partially reimburse us for certain research and development expenses, and other periods during which we will owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. On an annual basis, to the extent that net research and development

 

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funding payments are received from Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration revenue. In annual periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost sharing expense. Generally, the direction of cash flows will depend on the level of development activity by either party, which may change during the development term. Our capital requirements will be impacted by the level of our expenses for the development activity conducted by us and the degree to which we will be required to make payments to, or we will receive payments from, Bristol-Myers Squibb. If we opt out of the co-development of XL184, we would have no further unreimbursed cost obligations for that compound;

 

   

the progress and scope of other research and development activities conducted by us;

 

   

the level of payments received under existing collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements;

 

   

the degree to which we conduct funded development activity on behalf of partners to whom we have out-licensed compounds;

 

   

our ability to enter into new collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements that provide additional payments;

 

   

our ability to control costs;

 

   

our ability to remain in compliance with, or amend or cause to be waived, financial covenants contained in agreements with third parties;

 

   

the amount of our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities that serve as collateral for bank lines of credit;

 

   

future clinical trial results;

 

   

our need to expand our product and clinical development efforts;

 

   

our ability to share the costs of our clinical development efforts with third parties;

 

   

the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

 

   

the cost of clinical and research supplies of our product candidates;

 

   

the effect of competing technological and market developments;

 

   

the filing, maintenance, prosecution, defense and enforcement of patent claims and other intellectual property rights; and

 

   

the cost of any acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies.

One or more of these factors or changes to our current operating plan may require us to use available capital resources significantly earlier than we anticipate. If our capital resources are insufficient to meet future capital requirements, we will have to raise additional funds. We may seek to raise funds through the sale of equity or debt securities or through external borrowings. In addition, we may enter into additional strategic partnerships or collaborative arrangements for the development and commercialization of our compounds. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital when we need it, on favorable terms or at all. The sale of equity or convertible debt securities in the future may be dilutive to our stockholders, and debt-financing arrangements may require us to pledge certain assets and enter into covenants that would restrict certain business activities or our ability to incur further indebtedness, and may contain other terms that are not favorable to our stockholders or us. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on reasonable terms, we may be required to curtail operations significantly or obtain funds by entering into financing, supply or collaboration agreements on unattractive terms or we may be required to relinquish rights to technology or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that are unfavorable to us.

 

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We may need to obtain additional funding in order to stay in compliance with financial covenants contained in agreements with third parties. For example, our loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline contains financial covenants pursuant to which our “working capital” (the amount by which our current assets exceed our current liabilities as defined by the agreement, which excludes restricted cash and deferred revenue) must not be less than $25.0 million and our “cash and investments” (total cash, cash equivalents and investments as defined by the agreement, which excludes restricted cash) must not be less than $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2009, our “working capital” was $126.3 million and our “cash and investments” were $214.5 million. If we default on the financial covenants under the loan and security agreement, GlaxoSmithKline may, among other remedies, declare immediately due and payable all obligations under the loan and security agreement. Outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under the loan and security agreement totaled $70.8 million at December 31, 2009. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. In addition, if our “cash reserves” fall below $80.0 million and we are unable to increase such cash reserves to $80.0 million or more within 90 days, our co-development and co-promotion rights with respect to XL184 under our 2008 collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb may be terminated. “Cash reserves” for purposes of our 2008 collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb includes our total cash, cash equivalents and investments (excluding any restricted cash), plus the amount then available for borrowing by us under certain financing arrangements. If we cannot raise additional capital in order to remain in compliance with our financial covenants or if we are unable to renegotiate such covenants and the lender exercises its remedies under the agreement, we would not be able to operate under our current operating plan.

We have a history of net losses. We expect to continue to incur net losses, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.

We have incurred net losses since inception, including a net loss attributable to Exelixis, Inc. of $135.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. As of that date, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,089.7 million. We expect our net loss in 2010 to increase compared to 2009 and anticipate negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future. We have not yet completed the development, including obtaining regulatory approval, of any of our pharmaceutical product candidates and, consequently, have not generated revenues from the sale of pharmaceutical products. We have derived substantially all of our revenues to date from collaborative research and development agreements. Revenues from research and development collaborations depend upon continuation of the collaborations, research funding, the achievement of milestones and royalties we earn from any future products developed from the collaborative research. If research funding we receive from collaborators decreases, we are unable to successfully achieve milestones or our collaborators fail to develop successful products, we will not earn the revenues contemplated under such collaborative agreements. The amount of our net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of growth, if any, in our license and contract revenues and on the level of our expenses. These losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. Our research and development expenditures and general and administrative expenses have exceeded our revenues to date, and we expect to spend significant additional amounts to fund research and development in order to enhance our technologies and undertake product development. We currently have numerous drug candidates in various stages of clinical development and we anticipate filing an IND application for an additional drug candidate within the next 12 months. As a result, we expect to continue to incur substantial operating expenses, and, consequently, we will need to generate significant additional revenues to achieve profitability. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing drugs, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if at all.

We may not realize the expected benefits of our initiatives to control costs.

Managing costs is a key element of our business strategy. Consistent with this element of our strategy, on March 8, 2010 we implemented a restructuring that resulted in a reduction of our workforce by approximately 40%, or 270 employees. We anticipate that we will incur restructuring charges through the end of 2010 as we implement this restructuring.

 

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We are still assessing our ability to vacate and/or sublease certain of our facilities in light of the workforce reduction. If we are able to vacate certain of our facilities, we will need to assess the potential for sublease income. Estimates for sublease income would require significant assumptions regarding the time required to contract with subtenants, the amount of idle space we would be able to sublease and potential future sublease rates. If we are able to vacate certain of our facilities, we would need to continue to update our estimate of the lease exist costs in our financial statements until we were able to negotiate an exit to the lease or negotiate a sublease for the remaining term of the lease.

If we experience excessive unanticipated inefficiencies or incremental costs in connection with restructuring activities, such as unanticipated inefficiencies caused by reducing headcount, we may be unable to meaningfully realize cost savings and we may incur expenses in excess of what we anticipate. Either of these outcomes could prevent us from meeting our strategic objectives and could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We are exposed to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates.

Most of our foreign expenses incurred are associated with establishing and conducting clinical trials for XL184 and various other compounds in our pipeline at sites outside of the United States. The amount of expenses incurred will be impacted by fluctuations in the currencies of those countries in which we conduct clinical trials. Our agreements with the foreign sites that conduct such clinical trials generally provide that payments for the services provided will be calculated in the currency of that country, and converted into U.S. dollars using various exchange rates based upon when services are rendered or the timing of invoices. When the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the U.S. dollar value of the foreign-currency denominated expense increases, and when the U.S. dollar strengthens against these currencies, the U.S. dollar value of the foreign-currency denominated expense decreases. Consequently, changes in exchange rates may affect our results of operations. We currently do not hedge against our foreign currency risks.

Global credit and financial market conditions could negatively impact the value of our current portfolio of cash equivalents or short-term investments and our ability to meet our financing objectives.

Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained in highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. Our short-term and long-term investments consist primarily of readily marketable debt securities with remaining maturities of more than 90 days at the time of purchase. While as of the date of this filing we are not aware of any downgrades, material losses, or other significant deterioration in the fair value of our cash equivalents, short-term investments, or long-term investments since December 31, 2009, no assurance can be given that further deterioration in conditions of the global credit and financial markets would not negatively impact our current portfolio of cash equivalents or investments or our ability to meet our financing objectives.

Risks Related to Development of Product Candidates

Clinical testing of our product candidates is a lengthy, costly, complex and uncertain process and may fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy.

Clinical trials are inherently risky and may reveal that our product candidates are ineffective or have unacceptable toxicity or other side effects that may significantly decrease the likelihood of regulatory approval. The results of preliminary studies do not necessarily predict clinical or commercial success, and later-stage clinical trials may fail to confirm the results observed in earlier-stage trials or preliminary studies. Although we have established timelines for manufacturing and clinical development based on existing knowledge of our compounds in development and industry metrics, we may not be able to meet those timelines.

 

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We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical testing that could delay or prevent commercialization of our product candidates, including:

 

   

our product candidates may not prove to be efficacious or may cause, or potentially cause, harmful side effects;

 

   

negative or inconclusive clinical trial results may require us to conduct further testing or to abandon projects that we had expected to be promising;

 

   

we or our competitors may subsequently discover other compounds that we believe show significantly improved safety or efficacy compared to our product candidates;

 

   

patient registration or enrollment in our clinical testing may be lower than we anticipate, resulting in the delay or cancellation of clinical testing; and

 

   

regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize, delay, suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or their determination that participating patients are being exposed to unacceptable health risks.

If any of these events were to occur and, as a result, we were to have significant delays in or termination of our clinical testing, our expenses could increase or our ability to generate revenue from the affected product candidates could be impaired, either of which could adversely impact our financial results.

We have limited experience in conducting clinical trials and may not be able to rapidly or effectively continue the further development of our compounds or meet current or future requirements identified based on our discussions with the FDA. We do not know whether our planned clinical trials will begin on time, will be completed on schedule, or at all, will be sufficient for registration of these compounds or will result in approvable products.

Completion of clinical trials may take several years or more, but the length of time generally varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. The duration and the cost of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of factors relating to the clinical trial, including, among others:

 

   

the number of patients that ultimately participate in the clinical trial;

 

   

the duration of patient follow-up that is appropriate in view of the results;

 

   

the number of clinical sites included in the trials; and

 

   

the length of time required to enroll suitable patient subjects.

Any delay or termination described above could limit our ability to generate revenues, cause us to incur additional expense and cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly.

 

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Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties

We are dependent upon our collaborations with major companies, which subjects us to a number of risks.

We have established collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Bristol-Myers Squibb, sanofi-aventis, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and GlaxoSmithKline, for the development and ultimate commercialization of a significant number of compounds generated from our research and development efforts. We continue to pursue collaborations for selected unpartnered preclinical and clinical compounds. Our dependence on our relationships with existing collaborators for the development and commercialization of our compounds subjects us to, and our dependence on future collaborators for development and commercialization of additional compounds will subject us to, a number of risks, including:

 

   

we are not able to control the amount and timing of resources that our collaborators will devote to the development or commercialization of drug candidates or to their marketing and distribution;

 

   

we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that our potential future collaborators may devote to the development or commercialization of drug candidates or to their marketing and distribution;

 

   

collaborators may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial program, stop a clinical trial or abandon a drug candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or require a new formulation of a drug candidate for clinical testing;

 

   

disputes may arise between us and our collaborators that result in the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our drug candidates or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management’s attention and resources;

 

   

collaborators may experience financial difficulties;

 

   

collaborators may not be successful in their efforts to obtain regulatory approvals in a timely manner, or at all;

 

   

collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;

 

   

business combinations or significant changes in a collaborator’s business strategy may also adversely affect a collaborator’s willingness or ability to complete its obligations under any arrangement;

 

   

a collaborator could independently move forward with a competing drug candidate developed either independently or in collaboration with others, including our competitors;

 

   

we may be precluded from entering into additional collaboration arrangements with other parties in an area or field of exclusivity;

 

   

future collaborators may require us to relinquish some important rights, such as marketing and distribution rights; and

 

   

collaborations may be terminated or allowed to expire, which would delay the development and may increase the cost of developing our drug candidates.

If any of these risks materialize, our product development efforts could be delayed and otherwise adversely affected, which could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we are unable to continue current collaborations and receive research funding or achieve milestones or royalties, our revenues would suffer.

We have derived substantially all of our revenues to date from collaborative research and development agreements. Revenues from research and development collaborations depend upon continuation of the

 

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collaborations, research funding, the achievement of milestones and royalties we earn from any future products developed from the collaborative research. If we are unable to receive research funding or successfully achieve milestones or royalties, or our collaborators fail to develop successful products, we will not earn the revenues contemplated under such collaborative agreements.

If any of these agreements is not renewed or is terminated early, whether unilaterally or by mutual agreement, our revenues could suffer. Most of our collaboration agreements contain early termination provisions. In addition, from time to time we review and assess certain aspects of our collaborations, partnerships and agreements and may amend or terminate, either by mutual agreement or pursuant to any applicable early termination provisions, such collaborations, partnerships or agreements if we deem them to be no longer in our economic or strategic interests. We may not be able to enter into new collaboration agreements on similar or superior financial terms to offset the loss of revenue from the termination or expiration of any of our existing arrangements.

We may be unable to establish collaborations for selected preclinical and clinical compounds.

Our strategy includes the pursuit of new collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and ultimate commercialization of selected preclinical and clinical compounds, particularly those drug candidates for which we believe that the capabilities and resources of a partner can accelerate development and help to fully realize their therapeutic and commercial potential. We face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators, and these collaborations are complex and time consuming to negotiate and document. We may not be able to negotiate additional collaborations on acceptable terms, or at all. We are unable to predict when, if ever, we will enter into any additional collaborations because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with establishing additional collaborations. If we are unable to negotiate additional collaborations, we may not be able to realize value from a particular drug candidate, particularly those drug candidates for which we have determined not to continue to utilize our own resources to develop. As a result, our revenues, capital resources and product development efforts could be adversely affected.

If third parties upon which we rely do not perform as contractually required or expected, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates.

We do not have the ability to independently conduct clinical trials for our product candidates, and we must rely on third parties we do not control such as contract research organizations, medical institutions, clinical investigators and contract laboratories to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if the third parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our preclinical development activities or clinical trials may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates.

We lack the capability to manufacture compounds for clinical trials and rely on third parties to manufacture our product candidates, and we may be unable to obtain required material in a timely manner, at an acceptable cost or at a quality level required to receive regulatory approval.

We currently do not have the manufacturing capabilities or experience necessary to enable us to produce materials for our clinical trials. We rely on collaborators and third-party contractors to produce our compounds for preclinical and clinical testing. These suppliers must comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP. Our current and anticipated future dependence upon these third-party manufacturers may adversely affect our future profit margins and our ability to develop and commercialize product candidates on a timely and competitive basis. These manufacturers may not be able to produce material on a timely basis or manufacture material at the quality level or in the quantity required to meet our development timelines and applicable regulatory requirements. We may not be able to

 

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maintain or renew our existing third-party manufacturing arrangements, or enter into new arrangements, on acceptable terms, or at all. Our third-party manufacturers could terminate or decline to renew our manufacturing arrangements based on their own business priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. If we are unable to contract for the production of materials in sufficient quantity and of sufficient quality on acceptable terms, our clinical trials may be delayed. Delays in preclinical or clinical testing could delay the filing of our INDs and the initiation of clinical trials.

Our third-party manufacturers may not be able to comply with the GMP regulations, other applicable FDA regulatory requirements or similar regulations applicable outside of the United States. Additionally, if we are required to enter into new supply arrangements, we may not be able to obtain approval from the FDA of any alternate supplier in a timely manner, or at all, which could delay or prevent the clinical development and commercialization of any related product candidates. Failure of our third-party manufacturers or us to obtain approval from the FDA or to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, civil penalties, delays in or failure to grant marketing approval of our product candidates, injunctions, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products and compounds, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could have a significant adverse affect on our business.

Materials necessary to manufacture some of our compounds currently under development may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which may delay our development and commercialization of these compounds.

Some of the materials necessary for the manufacture of our compounds under development may, from time to time, be available either in limited quantities, or from a limited number of manufacturers, or both. Our contract manufacturers need to obtain these materials for our clinical trials and, potentially, for commercial distribution when and if we obtain marketing approval for these compounds. Suppliers may not sell us these materials at the time we need them or on commercially reasonable terms. If we are unable to obtain the materials needed to conduct our clinical trials, product testing and potential regulatory approval could be delayed, adversely affecting our ability to develop the product candidates. Similarly, if we are unable to obtain critical manufacturing materials after regulatory approval has been obtained for a product candidate, the commercial launch of that product candidate could be delayed or there could be a shortage in supply, which could materially affect our ability to generate revenues from that product candidate. If suppliers increase the price of manufacturing materials, the price for one or more of our products may increase, which may make our products less competitive in the marketplace. If it becomes necessary to change suppliers for any of these materials or if any of our suppliers experience a shutdown or disruption at the facilities used to produce these materials, due to technical, regulatory or other reasons, it could harm our ability to manufacture our products.

Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates

Our product candidates are subject to a lengthy and uncertain regulatory process that may not result in the necessary regulatory approvals, which could adversely affect our ability to commercialize products.

Our product candidates, as well as the activities associated with their research, development and commercialization, are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. Failure to obtain regulatory approval for a product candidate would prevent us from commercializing that product candidate. We have not received regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates in any jurisdiction and have only limited experience in preparing and filing the applications necessary to gain regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals is expensive, and often takes many years, if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved. Before an NDA can be submitted to the FDA, the product candidate must undergo extensive clinical trials, which can take many years

 

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and requires substantial expenditures. Any clinical trial may fail to produce results satisfactory to the FDA. For example, the FDA could determine that the design of a clinical trial is inadequate to produce reliable results. The regulatory process also requires preclinical testing, and data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations. The FDA has substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to approve any NDA or decide that our or our collaborative partners’ data is insufficient for approval and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies. For example, varying interpretations of the data obtained from preclinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of any of our drug candidates. The FDA could also require additional studies or trials to satisfy particular safety concerns noted in our or our collaborative partners’ preclinical or clinical testing.

In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based upon changes in regulatory policy for product approval during the period of product development and regulatory agency review. Changes in regulatory approval policy, regulations or statutes or the process for regulatory review during the development or approval periods of our product candidates may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application.

Even if the FDA or a comparable authority in another country approves a product candidate, the approval may impose significant restrictions on the indicated uses, conditions for use, labeling, distribution, advertising, promotion, marketing and/or production of such product and may impose ongoing requirements for post- approval studies, including additional research and development and clinical trials. These agencies also may impose various civil or criminal sanctions for failure to comply with regulatory requirements, including withdrawal of product approval.

Risks Related to Commercialization of Products

The commercial success of any products that we may develop will depend upon the degree of market acceptance of our products among physicians, patients, health care payors, private health insurers and the medical community.

Our ability to commercialize any products that we may develop will be highly dependent upon the extent to which these products gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, health care payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, including managed care organizations and group purchasing organizations, and the medical community. If these products do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate adequate product revenues, if at all, and we may not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved for commercial sale, will depend upon a number of factors, including:

 

   

the effectiveness, or perceived effectiveness, of our products in comparison to competing products;

 

   

the existence of any significant side effects, as well as their severity in comparison to any competing products;

 

   

potential advantages over alternative treatments;

 

   

the ability to offer our products for sale at competitive prices;

 

   

relative convenience and ease of administration;

 

   

the strength of marketing and distribution support; and

 

   

sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may be unable to generate product revenues.

We have no experience as a company in the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products and do not currently have a sales and marketing organization. Developing a sales and marketing force would be

 

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expensive and time-consuming, could delay any product launch, and we may never be able to develop this capacity. To the extent that we enter into arrangements with third parties to provide sales, marketing and distribution services, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we market and sell any products that we develop ourselves. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, independently or with others, we may not be able to generate product revenues.

If we are unable to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for any products that we may develop, our revenues and prospects for profitability will suffer.

Our ability to commercialize any products that we may develop will be highly dependent on the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for our products will be available from third-party payors, including governmental payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and private health insurers, including managed care organizations and group purchasing organizations. Many patients will not be capable of paying themselves for some or all of the products that we may develop and will rely on third-party payors to pay for, or subsidize, their medical needs. If third-party payors do not provide coverage or reimbursement for any products that we may develop, our revenues and prospects for profitability will suffer. In addition, even if third-party payors provide some coverage or reimbursement for our products, the availability of such coverage or reimbursement for prescription drugs under private health insurance and managed care plans often varies based on the type of contract or plan purchased.

In recent years, there have been numerous legislative proposals to change the healthcare system in the United States that could significantly affect our business. Such proposals reflect the primary trend in the United States health care industry toward cost containment and include measures that may have the effect of reducing the prices that we are able to charge for any products we develop and sell and cause a reduction in the coverage and reimbursement of such products. If approved, such reform could limit our ability to successfully commercialize our potential products.

Another factor that may affect the pricing of drugs is proposed congressional action regarding drug reimportation into the United States. For example, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 gives discretion to the Secretary of Health and Human Services to allow drug reimportation into the United States under some circumstances from foreign countries, including countries where the drugs are sold at a lower price than in the United States. Proponents of drug reimportation may attempt to pass legislation, which would allow direct reimportation under certain circumstances. If legislation or regulations were passed allowing the reimportation of drugs, it could decrease the price we receive for any products that we may develop, thereby negatively affecting our revenues and prospects for profitability.

In addition, in some foreign countries, particularly the countries in the European Union, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control. In these countries, price negotiations with governmental authorities can take six to twelve months or longer after the receipt of regulatory marketing approval for a product. To obtain reimbursement and/or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost effectiveness of our product candidates or products to other available therapies. The conduct of such a clinical trial could be expensive and result in delays in the commercialization of our product candidates. Third-party payors are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services, and many third-party payors limit reimbursement for newly approved health care products. In particular, third-party payors may limit the indications for which they will reimburse patients who use any products that we may develop. Cost-control initiatives could decrease the price we might establish for products that we may develop, which would result in lower product revenues to us.

Our competitors may develop products and technologies that make our products and technologies obsolete.

The biotechnology industry is highly fragmented and is characterized by rapid technological change. In particular, the area of kinase-targeted therapies is a rapidly evolving and competitive field. We face, and will

 

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continue to face, intense competition from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, as well as academic research institutions, clinical reference laboratories and government agencies that are pursuing research activities similar to ours. Some of our competitors have entered into collaborations with leading companies within our target markets, including some of our existing collaborators. In addition, significant delays in the development of our product candidates could allow our competitors to bring products to market before us, which would impair our ability to commercialize our product candidates. Our future success will depend upon our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to technological advances. Any products that are developed through our technologies will compete in highly competitive markets. Further, our competitors may be more effective at using their technologies to develop commercial products. Many of the organizations competing with us have greater capital resources, larger research and development staff and facilities, more experience in obtaining regulatory approvals and more extensive product manufacturing and marketing capabilities. As a result, our competitors may be able to more easily develop technologies and products that would render our technologies and products, and those of our collaborators, obsolete and noncompetitive. There may also be drug candidates of which we are not aware at an earlier stage of development that may compete with our drug candidates. In addition, any drug candidate that we successfully develop may compete with existing therapies that have long histories of use, such as chemotherapy and radiation treatments in cancer indications. Examples of potential competition for XL184 include AstraZeneca’s development-stage VEGFR and EFGR inhibitor, vandetanib, and other VEGF pathway inhibitors, including Genentech’s bevacizumab and AstraZeneca’s cediranib. Examples of potential competition for XL147 and XL765 include early-stage development programs of various pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Calistoga Pharmaceuticals and Semafore Pharmaceuticals.

We may not be able to manufacture our product candidates in commercial quantities, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates.

To date, our product candidates have been manufactured in small quantities for preclinical and clinical trials. If any of these product candidates are approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for commercial sale, we will need to manufacture them in larger quantities. We may not be able to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity, whether in collaboration with third-party manufacturers or on our own, for any of our product candidates in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for a product candidate, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of that product candidate may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply. Our product candidates require precise, high-quality manufacturing. The failure to achieve and maintain these high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously hurt our business.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property, third parties may be able to use our technology, which could adversely affect our ability to compete in the market.

Our success will depend in part upon our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of the intellectual property related to our technologies and products. The patent positions of biotechnology companies, including our patent position, are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. We will be able to protect our intellectual property rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our technologies are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. We will continue to apply for patents covering our technologies and products as and when we deem appropriate. However, these applications may be challenged or may fail to result in issued patents. In addition, because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications, unknown to us, which may later result in issued patents that cover the production, manufacture, commercialization or use of our product

 

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candidates. Our existing patents and any future patents we obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies or from developing competing products. Furthermore, others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or design around our patents. In addition, our patents may be challenged or invalidated or may fail to provide us with any competitive advantages, if, for example, others were the first to invent or to file patent applications for these inventions.

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. Many countries, including certain countries in Europe, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties (for example, the patent owner has failed to “work” the invention in that country or the third party has patented improvements). In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of the patent. Compulsory licensing of life-saving drugs is also becoming increasingly popular in developing countries either through direct legislation or international initiatives. Such compulsory licenses could be extended to include some of our product candidates, which could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Moreover, the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patent and other intellectual property protection, which makes it difficult to stop infringement. We rely on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. We have taken security measures to protect our proprietary information and trade secrets, but these measures may not provide adequate protection. While we seek to protect our proprietary information by entering into confidentiality agreements with employees, collaborators and consultants, we cannot assure you that our proprietary information will not be disclosed, or that we can meaningfully protect our trade secrets. In addition, our competitors may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets.

Litigation or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement could require us to spend substantial time and money and adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize products.

Our commercial success depends in part upon our ability to avoid infringing patents and proprietary rights of third parties and not to breach any licenses that we have entered into with regard to our technologies. Other parties have filed, and in the future are likely to file, patent applications covering genes and gene fragments, techniques and methodologies relating to model systems and products and technologies that we have developed or intend to develop. If patents covering technologies required by our operations are issued to others, we may have to obtain licenses from third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and may require us to pay substantial royalties, grant a cross-license to some of our patents to another patent holder or redesign the formulation of a product candidate so that we do not infringe third-party patents, which may be impossible to obtain or could require substantial time and expense.

Third parties may accuse us of employing their proprietary technology without authorization. In addition, third parties may obtain patents that relate to our technologies and claim that use of such technologies infringes on their patents. Regardless of their merit, such claims could require us to incur substantial costs, including the diversion of management and technical personnel, in defending ourselves against any such claims or enforcing our patents. In the event that a successful claim of infringement is brought against us, we may be required to pay damages and obtain one or more licenses from third parties. We may not be able to obtain these licenses at a reasonable cost, or at all. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize products.

We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we, our employees or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.

Many of our employees and independent contractors were previously employed at universities, other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. We may be

 

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subject to claims that these employees, independent contractors or we have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying money claims, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key research personnel and/or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize certain product candidates, which could severely harm our business.

Risks Related to Employees and Location

The loss of key personnel or the inability to retain and, where necessary, attract additional personnel could impair our ability to expand our operations.

We are highly dependent upon the principal members of our management and scientific staff, the loss of whose services might adversely impact the achievement of our objectives and the continuation of existing collaborations. Also, we do not currently have sufficient clinical development personnel to fully execute our business plan. Retaining and, where necessary, recruiting qualified clinical and scientific personnel will be critical to support activities related to advancing our clinical and preclinical development programs, and supporting our collaborative arrangements and our internal proprietary research and development efforts. The restructuring of the company that we implemented on March 8, 2010 could have an adverse impact on our ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel. Competition is intense for experienced clinical personnel, and we may be unable to retain or recruit clinical personnel with the expertise or experience necessary to allow us to pursue collaborations, develop our products and core technologies or expand our operations to the extent otherwise possible. Further, all of our employees are employed “at will” and, therefore, may leave our employment at any time.

Our collaborations with outside scientists may be subject to restriction and change.

We work with scientific and clinical advisors and collaborators at academic and other institutions that assist us in our research and development efforts. These advisors and collaborators are not our employees and may have other commitments that limit their availability to us. Although these advisors and collaborators generally agree not to do competing work, if a conflict of interest between their work for us and their work for another entity arises, we may lose their services. In such a circumstance, we may lose work performed by them, and our development efforts with respect to the matters on which they were working maybe significantly delayed or otherwise adversely affected. In addition, although our advisors and collaborators sign agreements not to disclose our confidential information, it is possible that valuable proprietary knowledge may become publicly known through them.

Our headquarters are located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other disaster could damage our facilities and equipment, which could harm our operations.

Our headquarters are located in South San Francisco, California, and therefore our facilities are vulnerable to damage from earthquakes. We currently do not carry earthquake insurance. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fire, floods, power loss, communications failures, terrorism and similar events since any insurance we may maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business at our facilities could be seriously, or potentially completely, impaired. In addition, the unique nature of our research activities could cause significant delays in our programs and make it difficult for us to recover from a disaster. Accordingly, an earthquake or other disaster could materially and adversely harm our ability to conduct business.

 

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Security breaches may disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

Our network security and data recovery measures may not be adequate to protect against computer viruses, break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems. The misappropriation, theft, sabotage or any other type of security breach with respect to any of our proprietary and confidential information that is electronically stored, including research or clinical data, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Additionally, any break-in or trespass of our facilities that results in the misappropriation, theft, sabotage or any other type of security breach with respect to our proprietary and confidential information, including research or clinical data, or that results in damage to our research and development equipment and assets could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Environmental and Product Liability

We use hazardous chemicals and radioactive and biological materials in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.

Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals and radioactive and biological materials. Our operations produce hazardous waste products. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from these materials. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. We may face liability for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by third parties of these materials, and such liability may exceed our insurance coverage and our total assets. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts.

In addition, our collaborators may use hazardous materials in connection with our collaborative efforts. In the event of a lawsuit or investigation, we could be held responsible for any injury caused to persons or property by exposure to, or release of, these hazardous materials used by these parties. Further, we may be required to indemnify our collaborators against all damages and other liabilities arising out of our development activities or products produced in connection with these collaborations.

We face potential product liability exposure far in excess of our limited insurance coverage.

We may be held liable if any product we or our collaborators develop causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims could result in decreased demand for our product candidates, injury to our reputation, withdrawal of patients from our clinical trials, substantial monetary awards to trial participants and the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop. These claims might be made directly by consumers, health care providers, pharmaceutical companies or others selling or testing our products. We have obtained limited product liability insurance coverage for our clinical trials in the amount of $10.0 million per occurrence and $10.0 million in the aggregate. However, our insurance may not reimburse us or may not be sufficient to reimburse us for expenses or losses we may suffer. Moreover, if insurance coverage becomes more expensive, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to liability. If we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial products, but we may be unable to obtain commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any products approved for marketing. On occasion, juries have awarded large judgments in class action lawsuits for claims based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. In addition, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, in general, have been subject to significant medical malpractice litigation. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us could harm our reputation and business and would decrease our cash reserves.

 

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We expect that our quarterly results of operations will fluctuate, and this fluctuation could cause our stock price to decline, causing investor losses.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. A number of factors, many of which we cannot control, could subject our operating results to volatility, including:

 

   

the scope of our research and development activities;

 

   

recognition of upfront licensing or other fees or revenue;

 

   

payments of non-refundable upfront or licensing fees, or payment for cost-sharing expenses, to third parties;

 

   

acceptance of our technologies and platforms;

 

   

the success rate of our efforts leading to milestone payments and royalties;

 

   

the introduction of new technologies or products by our competitors;

 

   

the timing and willingness of collaborators to further develop or, if approved, commercialize our products;

 

   

our ability to enter into new collaborative relationships;

 

   

the termination or non-renewal of existing collaborations;

 

   

the timing and amount of expenses incurred for clinical development and manufacturing of our product candidates;

 

   

adjustments to expenses accrued in prior periods based on management’s estimates after the actual level of activity relating to such expenses becomes more certain;

 

   

the impairment of acquired goodwill and other assets;

 

   

the impact of the restructuring of the company implemented on March 8, 2010; and

 

   

general and industry-specific economic conditions that may affect our collaborators’ research and development expenditures.

A large portion of our expenses, including expenses for facilities, equipment and personnel, are relatively fixed in the short term. If our revenues decline or do not grow as anticipated due to the expiration or termination of existing contracts, our failure to obtain new contracts or our inability to meet milestones or because of other factors, we may not be able to correspondingly reduce our operating expenses. Failure to achieve anticipated levels of revenues could therefore significantly harm our operating results for a particular fiscal period.

Due to the possibility of fluctuations in our revenues and expenses, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance. As a result, in some future quarters, our operating results may not meet the expectations of securities analysts and investors, which could result in a decline in the price of our common stock.

 

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Our stock price may be extremely volatile.

The trading price of our common stock has been highly volatile, and we believe the trading price of our common stock will remain highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially due to factors such as the following, many of which we cannot control:

 

   

adverse results or delays in our or our collaborators’ clinical trials;

 

   

announcement of FDA approval or non-approval, or delays in the FDA review process, of our or our collaborators’ product candidates or those of our competitors or actions taken by regulatory agencies with respect to our, our collaborators’ or our competitors’ clinical trials;

 

   

the timing of achievement of our clinical, regulatory, partnering and other milestones, such as the commencement of clinical development, the completion of a clinical trial, the filing for regulatory approval or the establishment of collaborative arrangements for one or more of our drug candidates;

 

   

actions taken by regulatory agencies with respect to our drug candidates or our clinical trials;

 

   

the announcement of new products by us or our competitors;

 

   

quarterly variations in our or our competitors’ results of operations;

 

   

developments in our relationships with our collaborators, including the termination or modification of our agreements;

 

   

conflicts or litigation with our collaborators;

 

   

litigation, including intellectual property infringement and product liability lawsuits, involving us;

 

   

failure to achieve operating results projected by securities analysts;

 

   

changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;

 

   

financing transactions;

 

   

developments in the biotechnology or pharmaceutical industry;

 

   

sales of large blocks of our common stock or sales of our common stock by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders;

 

   

departures of key personnel or board members;

 

   

developments concerning current or future collaborations;

 

   

FDA or international regulatory actions;

 

   

third-party reimbursement policies;

 

   

acquisitions of other companies or technologies;

 

   

disposition of any of our subsidiaries, technologies or compounds; and

 

   

general market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.

These factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As with the stock of many other public companies, the market price of our common stock has been particularly volatile during the recent period of upheaval in the capital markets and world economy. This excessive volatility may continue for an extended period of time following the filing date of this report.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted. A securities class action suit against us could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business.

 

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We are exposed to risks associated with acquisitions.

We have made, and may in the future make, acquisitions of, or significant investments in, businesses with complementary products, services and/or technologies. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to:

 

   

difficulties and increased costs in connection with integration of the personnel, operations, technologies and products of acquired companies;

 

   

diversion of management’s attention from other operational matters;

 

   

the potential loss of key employees;

 

   

the potential loss of key collaborators;

 

   

lack of synergy, or the inability to realize expected synergies, resulting from the acquisition; and

 

   

acquired intangible assets becoming impaired as a result of technological advancements or worse-than-expected performance of the acquired company.

Mergers and acquisitions are inherently risky, and the inability to effectively manage these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Future sales of our common stock may depress our stock price.

If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued upon the exercise of options and warrants and shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan) in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

Some of our existing stockholders can exert control over us, and their interests could conflict with the best interests of our other stockholders.

Due to their combined stock holdings, our officers, directors and principal stockholders (stockholders holding more than 5% of our common stock), acting together, may be able to exert significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. In addition, this concentration of ownership may delay or prevent a change in control of our company, even when a change may be in the best interests of our stockholders. In addition, the interests of these stockholders may not always coincide with our interests as a company or the interests of other stockholders. Accordingly, these stockholders could cause us to enter into transactions or agreements that would not be widely viewed as beneficial.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent or deter attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our corporate charter and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent an acquisition of our company, a change in control, or attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our current Board of Directors. Because our Board of Directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. These provisions include:

 

   

a classified Board of Directors;

 

   

a prohibition on actions by our stockholders by written consent;

 

   

the inability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;

 

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the ability of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used to institute a “poison pill” that would work to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, effectively preventing acquisitions that have not been approved by our Board of Directors;

 

   

limitations on the removal of directors; and

 

   

advance notice requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals.

Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We currently lease an aggregate of 419,097 square feet of office and laboratory facilities. In California, we currently lease 401,098 square feet in our South San Francisco and San Diego locations. The South San Francisco location, which currently is comprised of six buildings totaling 367,773 square feet, is covered by four lease agreements. The first two leases covering three buildings for a total of 179,964 square feet expire in 2017, with two five-year options to extend their respective terms prior to expiration. The third lease covering two buildings for a total of 116,063 square feet expires in 2018. A fourth lease covers a portion of one building in which we occupy 71,746 square feet that commenced in May 2008 and expires in 2015. In our San Diego location, we lease 33,325 square feet under a month-to-month lease, with a nine-month termination notice.

In Portland, Oregon, we lease 14,999 square feet of office and warehouse space. The lease for such space expires in September 2013 but we may terminate the lease in July 2010, July 2011 and July 2012. We also have the option to extend the lease for an additional five years.

In Guilford, Connecticut, we lease 3,000 square feet of office space, under a month-to-month lease, with a six-month termination notice. The lease commenced in January 2008.

We believe that our leased facilities have sufficient space to accommodate our current needs. We are still assessing our ability to vacate and/or sublease certain of our facilities in light of the workforce reduction resulting from the restructuring we implemented on March 8, 2010 and expect to finalize our plans in 2010.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We may from time to time become a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

 

ITEM 4. RESERVED

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock has traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (formerly the NASDAQ National Market) under the symbol “EXEL” since April 11, 2000. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low intraday sales prices for our common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market:

 

     Common Stock
Price
     High    Low

Quarter ended January 1, 2010

   $ 8.00    $ 5.30

Quarter ended October 2, 2009

   $ 7.25    $ 4.25

Quarter ended July 3, 2009

   $ 6.10    $ 4.09

Quarter ended April 3, 2009

   $ 6.11    $ 4.18

Quarter ended January 2, 2009

   $ 6.30    $ 2.11

Quarter ended September 26, 2008

   $ 7.35    $ 4.64

Quarter ended June 27, 2008

   $ 8.15    $ 5.00

Quarter ended March 28, 2008

   $ 8.95    $ 4.81

On March 5, 2010, the last reported sale price on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for our common stock was $6.96 per share.

Holders

As of March 5, 2010, there were approximately 611 stockholders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

Since inception, we have not paid dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in our business and currently do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.

 

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Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The following graph compares, for the five year period ended December 31, 2009, the cumulative total stockholder return for our common stock, the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. companies) Index, or the NASDAQ Market Index, and the NASDAQ Biotech Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2004 in each of the common stock of the company, the NASDAQ Market Index and the NASDAQ Biotech Index and assumes reinvestment of any dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

LOGO

 

     12/31/04    03/31/05    06/30/05    09/30/05    12/31/05    03/31/06    06/30/06

Exelixis, Inc.

   100    71    78    81    99    126    106

NASDAQ Market Index

   100    92    95    99    101    108    100

NASDAQ Biotech Index

   100    85    90    102    103    109    97
     09/30/06    12/31/06    03/31/07    06/30/07    09/30/07    12/31/07    03/31/08

Exelixis, Inc.

   92    95    105    127    111    91    71

NASDAQ Market Index

   104    111    111    120    124    123    104

NASDAQ Biotech Index

   98    104    101    104    111    110    100
     06/30/08    09/30/08    12/31/08    03/31/09    06/30/09    09/30/09    12/31/09

Exelixis, Inc.

   53    66    55    51    50    63    78

NASDAQ Market Index

   106    100    75    75    83    94    104

NASDAQ Biotech Index

   103    112    97    87    94    106    110

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial information has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The financial information as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following Selected Financial Data should be read in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected in the future.

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (In thousands, except per share data)  

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

         

Total revenues

  $ 151,759      $ 117,859      $ 113,470      $ 98,670      $ 75,961   

Operating expenses:

         

Research and development(1)

    234,702        257,390        225,375        185,481        141,135   

General and administrative(2)

    34,382        36,892        44,940        39,123        27,731   

Collaboration cost sharing

    4,582       —          —          —          —     

Amortization of intangible assets

    —          —          202        820        1,086   

Restructuring charge

    —          2,890        —          —          —     
                                       

Total operating expenses

    273,666        297,172        270,517        225,424        169,952   
                                       

Loss from operations

    (121,907     (179,313     (157,047     (126,754     (93,991

Total other income (expense)(3)

    (18,936     3,743        46,025        3,565        (819
                                       

Consolidated loss before taxes

    (140,843     (175,570     (111,022     (123,189     (94,810

Tax benefit

    1,286        —          —          —          —     
                                       

Consolidated net loss

    (139,557     (175,570     (111,022     (123,189     (94,810

Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

    4,337        12,716        24,641        21,697        10,406   
                                       

Net loss attributable to Exelixis, Inc.

  $ (135,220   $ (162,854   $ (86,381   $ (101,492   $ (84,404
                                       

Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to Exelixis, Inc.

  $ (1.26   $ (1.54   $ (0.87   $ (1.17   $ (1.07
                                       

Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share

    107,073        105,498        99,147        86,602        78,810   
                                       

 

(1) Amounts for 2009, 2008 and 2007 include $15.7 million, $14.8 million and $11.6 million in employee stock-based compensation, respectively.
(2) Amounts for 2009, 2008 and 2007 include $7.1 million, $8.1 million and $7.3 million in employee stock-based compensation, respectively.
(3) In June 2009 we recorded a $9.8 million loss upon deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution, Inc. as a result of the expiration of our purchase option. In November 2009, our credit facility with Deerfield Private Design Fund, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International, L.P., Deerfield Partners, L.P. and Deerfield International Limited (collectively, the “Deerfield Entities”) expired. We recognized as interest expense, an accelerated closing fee for Deerfield of $2.7 million and expensed the remaining $2.5 million relating to outstanding warrants. In addition, in September 2007, we sold our plant trait business and, as a result, we recognized a gain of $18.8 million in other income. In 2008 we received an additional $4.5 million of contingent consideration for development of an additional asset which was recognized as additional gain in other income. In the second quarter of 2009, we signed an amendment to this arrangement for which we received $1.8 million in July 2009 and recognized as additional gain on the sale of the business. In November 2009 we received an additional $0.4 million for the purchase of leasehold improvements and recognized an additional net gain on the sale of the business of approximately $0.3 million. In November 2007, we sold 80.1% of our German subsidiary, Artemis Pharmaceuticals GmbH, and recognized a gain of $18.1 million in other income. In 2008, we recognized an additional $0.1 million gain from with a purchase price adjustment associated with this transaction.

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

         

Cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc. and restricted cash and investments (1)

  $ 220,993      $ 284,185      $ 299,530      $ 263,180      $ 210,499   

Working capital

    22,882        82,028        150,898        150,814        86,463   

Total assets

    343,410        401,622        412,120        395,417        332,712   

Long-term obligations, less current portion

    57,688        97,339        130,671        128,565        121,333   

Accumulated deficit

    (1,089,724     (954,504     (791,650     (705,269     (603,777

Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity

    (163,725     (56,261 )     85,511        90,611        57,295   

 

(1) Amounts for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 include $0.0 in investments held Symphony Evolution, Inc.

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Some of the statements under the captions “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our company’s or our industry’s results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied in, or contemplated by, the forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “assuming,” “goal,” “objective,” “will,” “may” “should,” “would,” “could,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “encouraging” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These and many other factors could affect our future financial and operating results. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.

Overview

We are committed to discovering, developing and commercializing innovative therapies for the treatment of cancer and other serious diseases. Through our integrated drug discovery and development activities, we are building a portfolio of novel compounds that we believe have the potential to be high-quality, differentiated pharmaceutical products that can make a meaningful difference in the lives of patients. The majority of our programs focus on discovery and development of small molecule drugs for cancer.

We have devoted significant resources to build a leading discovery platform that has enabled us to efficiently and rapidly identify highly qualified drug candidates that meet our extensive development criteria. Our goal has been to generate a diverse and deep pipeline while focusing our resources on those drug candidates that we believe have the highest therapeutic and commercial potential. The rapid development of three of those drug candidates is a primary focus of the company.

XL184, our most advanced drug candidate, inhibits MET, VEGFR2 and RET, proteins that are key drivers of tumor growth and/or vascularization. XL184 is the most advanced inhibitor of MET in clinical development and is being evaluated in a broad development program in collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. We currently are conducting the majority of the development activity for XL184, and our collaboration agreement provides for the sharing of development costs. A global phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is currently enrolling. Assuming positive results from this registration trial, we currently expect to submit a new drug application, or NDA, for XL184 as a treatment for medullary thyroid cancer in the United States in the second half of 2011. In addition, comprehensive phase 2 clinical trials of XL184 in glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumor indications are ongoing. We are currently planning to initiate a phase 3 registration trial of XL184 as a potential treatment for recurrent glioblastoma by the end of 2010, assuming a positive outcome of the ongoing phase 2 clinical evaluation in this indication.

We are also actively pursuing the development of XL147 and XL765, leading inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3 kinase, or PI3K, that we out-licensed to sanofi-aventis in 2009. XL147 is a selective inhibitor of PI3K while XL765 is a dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. Sanofi-aventis is responsible for funding all development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765, including our activities. We currently are conducting the majority of the clinical trials for these compounds. XL147 and XL765 are currently being evaluated in a series of phase 1b/2 clinical trials for a variety of solid tumor indications and a broad phase 2 clinical trial program that commenced in early 2010.

 

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We also have several earlier novel drug candidates in clinical development for the treatment of cancer, and preclinical programs for cancer, metabolic disease and inflammation.

Based on the strength of our expertise in biology, drug discovery and development, we have established collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Bristol-Myers Squibb, sanofi-aventis, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and GlaxoSmithKline, that allow us to retain economic participation in compounds and support additional development of our pipeline. Our collaborations generally fall into one of two categories: collaborations in which we co-develop compounds with a partner, share development costs and profits from commercialization and may have the right to co-promote products in the United States, and collaborations in which we out-license compounds to a partner for further development and commercialization, have no further unreimbursed cost obligations and are entitled to receive milestones and royalties or a share of profits from commercialization. Under either form of collaboration, we may also be entitled to license fees, research funding and milestone payments from research results and subsequent product development activities.

Our Strategy

Our business strategy is to leverage our biological expertise and integrated research and development capabilities to generate a pipeline of development compounds with significant therapeutic and commercial potential for the treatment of cancer and potentially other serious diseases.

Our strategy consists of three principal elements:

 

   

Focus on lead clinical compounds – We are focusing our development efforts on XL184, XL147 and XL765. These drug candidates are the most advanced in our pipeline and we believe that they have the greatest near-term therapeutic and commercial potential. As a result, we are dedicating the majority of our resources to aggressively advance these drug candidates through development toward commercialization.

 

   

Partner compounds – We continue to pursue new collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and ultimate commercialization of some of our preclinical and clinical compounds, particularly those drug candidates for which we believe that the capabilities and resources of a partner can accelerate development and help to fully realize their therapeutic and commercial potential. Collaborations also provide us with a means of shifting all or a portion of the development costs related to such drug candidates and provide financial resources that we can apply to fund our share of the development of our lead clinical compounds and other areas of our pipeline. Our goal is to significantly increase the portion of our development expenses that are reimbursed by partners while maintaining financial upside from potential downstream milestones and royalties if these drug candidates were to be marketed in the future.

 

   

Control costs – We are committed to managing our costs, and we continually analyze our expenses to ensure they are not disproportionate to our cash resources. We are selective with respect to funding our clinical development programs and have established definitive go/no-go criteria to ensure that we commit our resources only to those programs that we believe have the greatest commercial and therapeutic potential. We also retain the right to opt-out of the development of certain drug candidates that we are currently co-developing with partners.

As a consequence of our strategy of focusing our resources on our most advanced clinical compounds and controlling costs, on March 8, 2010 we implemented a restructuring of the company that resulted in a reduction of our workforce by approximately 40%, or 270 employees. While we will continue to maintain an integrated research and development organization, the reduction in our workforce was weighted towards our drug discovery group. We have maintained capabilities in all aspects of drug discovery and expect to continue to generate novel investigational new drug application-, or IND-, ready compounds, although fewer on a yearly basis for the foreseeable future than we have generated historically. We have retained the ability to meet all of our obligations

 

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to existing partners. Further, as a result of our retained research capabilities and our numerous unpartnered clinical and preclinical compounds, we expect that our ongoing and planned future business development discussions will be unaffected by the restructuring. We believe that the restructuring increases our financial strength and positions us for longer-term sustainable growth.

Certain Factors Important to Understanding Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Successful development of drugs is inherently difficult and uncertain. Our business requires significant investments in research and development over many years, often for products that fail during the research and development process. Our long-term prospects depend upon our ability and the ability of our partners to successfully commercialize new therapeutics in highly competitive areas such as cancer treatment. Our financial performance is driven by many factors, including those described below.

Limited Sources of Revenues

We currently have no pharmaceutical products that have received marketing approval, and we have generated no revenues to date from the sale of such products. We do not expect to generate revenues from the sale of pharmaceutical products in the near term and expect that all of our near term revenues, such as research and development funding, license fees and milestone payments and royalty revenues, will be generated from collaboration agreements with our current and potential future partners. Milestones under these agreements may be tied to factors that are outside of our control, such as significant clinical or regulatory events with respect to compounds that have been licensed to our partners.

Clinical Trials

We currently have multiple compounds in clinical development and expect to expand the development programs for our compounds. Our compounds may fail to show adequate safety or efficacy in clinical testing. Furthermore, predicting the timing of the initiation or completion of clinical trials is difficult, and our trials may be delayed due to many factors, including factors outside of our control. The future development path of each of our compounds depends upon the results of each stage of clinical development. In general, we will incur increased operating expenses for compounds that advance in clinical development, whereas expenses will end for compounds that do not warrant further clinical development.

We are responsible for all development costs for compounds in our pipeline that are not partnered and for a portion of development costs for those compounds that we are co-developing with partners. We share development costs with partners in our co-development collaborations and have no unreimbursed cost obligations with respect to compounds that we have out-licensed. We expect that over the next several years an increasingly greater portion of our development expenses will be funded by our partners.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2009, we had $221.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term marketable securities, which included restricted cash and investments of $6.4 million. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term marketable securities and funding that we expect to receive from collaborators, which includes anticipated cash from additional business development activity, will enable us to maintain our operations, after giving effect to the restructuring we implemented on March 8, 2010, for a period of at least 12 months following the filing date of this report. However, our future capital requirements will be substantial and depend on many factors, including the following:

 

   

whether we repay amounts outstanding under our loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline (described below) in cash or shares of our common stock;

 

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the progress and scope of the development activity with respect to XL184, our most advanced compound;

 

   

the progress and scope of other research and development activities conducted by us;

 

   

the level of payments received under existing collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements;

 

   

the degree to which we conduct funded development activity on behalf of partners to whom we have out-licensed compounds; and

 

   

our ability to enter into new collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements that provide additional payments.

Our minimum liquidity needs are also determined by financial covenants in our loan and security agreement, as amended, with GlaxoSmithKline and our collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184, as well as other factors, which are described under “– Liquidity and Capital Resources – Cash Requirements”.

Our ability to raise additional funds may be severely impaired if any of our product candidates fails to show adequate safety or efficacy in clinical testing.

sanofi-aventis

In May 2009, we entered into a global license agreement with sanofi-aventis for XL147 and XL765 and a broad collaboration for the discovery of inhibitors of PI3K for the treatment of cancer. The license agreement and collaboration agreement became effective on July 7, 2009. In connection with the effectiveness of the license and collaboration, on July 20, 2009, we received upfront payments of $140.0 million ($120.0 million for the license and $20.0 million for the collaboration), less applicable withholding taxes of $7.0 million, for a net receipt of $133.0 million. We expect to receive a refund payment from the French government in 2010 with respect to the withholding taxes previously withheld.

Under the license agreement, sanofi-aventis received a worldwide exclusive license to XL147 and XL765, which are currently in phase 1, phase 1b/2 and phase 2 clinical trials, and has sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities. It is expected that we will continue to participate in the conduct of ongoing and potential future clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Sanofi-aventis is responsible for funding all future development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765, including our activities. Under the collaboration agreement, the parties are combining efforts in establishing several pre-clinical PI3K programs and jointly share responsibility for research and preclinical activities related to isoform-selective inhibitors of PI3K-a and -b. Sanofi-aventis will provide us with guaranteed annual research and development funding during the research term and is responsible for funding all development activities for each product following approval of the investigational new drug application filed with the applicable regulatory authorities for such product. Sanofi-aventis will have sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities of any products arising from the collaboration; however, we may be requested to conduct certain clinical trials at sanofi-aventis’ expense. The research term under the collaboration is three years, although sanofi-aventis has the right to extend the term for an additional one-year period upon prior written notice.

In addition to the aggregate upfront cash payments for the license and collaboration agreements, we are entitled to receive guaranteed research funding of $21.0 million over three years to cover certain of our costs under the collaboration agreement. For both the license and the collaboration combined, we will be eligible to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestones of over $1.0 billion in the aggregate, as well as royalties on sales of any products commercialized under the license or collaboration.

 

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Sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the license as to products containing XL147 or XL765. In the event of such termination election, sanofi-aventis’ license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

The collaboration will automatically terminate under certain circumstances upon the expiration of the research term, in which case all licenses granted by the parties to each other would terminate and revert to the respective party, subject to sanofi-aventis’ right to receive, under certain circumstances, the first opportunity to obtain a license from us to any isoform-selective PI3K inhibitor. In addition, sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior written notice to us, terminate the collaboration in whole or as to certain products following expiration of the research term, in which case we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations by us, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

2008 Cancer Collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb

In December 2008, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184 and XL281. Upon effectiveness of the agreement in December 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb made an upfront cash payment of $195.0 million for the development and commercialization rights to both programs. The agreement required Bristol-Myers Squibb to make additional license payments to us of $45.0 million, which were received during 2009.

We and Bristol-Myers Squibb have agreed to co-develop XL184, and potentially a backup program for XL184. The companies will share worldwide (except for Japan) development costs for XL184. We are responsible for 35% of such costs and Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for 65% of such costs, except that we are responsible for funding the initial $100.0 million of combined costs and have the option to defer payments for development costs above certain thresholds. We expect that we will complete our required funding of the initial $100.0 million of the combined costs during the first half of fiscal year ending December 31, 2010, after which we will be responsible for 35% of the combined costs going forward. In return, we will share 50% of the commercial profits and losses (including pre-launch commercialization expenses) in the United States and have the option to co-promote XL184 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan. We have the right to defer payment for certain early commercialization and other related costs above certain thresholds. We are eligible to receive sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on sales on XL184 outside the United States. The clinical development of XL184 is directed by a joint committee. It is anticipated that we will continue to conduct certain clinical development activities for XL184. We may opt out of the co-development for XL184, in which case we would instead be eligible to receive development and regulatory milestones of up to $295.0 million, double-digit royalties on XL184 product sales worldwide and sales performance milestones. Our co-development and co-promotion rights may be terminated in the event that we have “cash reserves” below $80.0 million and we are unable to increase such cash reserves to $80.0 million or more within 90 days, in which case we would receive development and regulatory milestones, sales milestones and double-digit royalties, instead of sharing product profits on XL184 in the United States. For purposes of the agreement, “cash reserves” includes our total cash, cash equivalents and investments (excluding any restricted cash), plus the amount then available for borrowing by us under certain financing arrangements. Our co-promotion rights on XL184 in the United States, and possibly our right to share product profits on XL184, may be terminated in the event we undergo certain change of control transactions. Bristol-Myers Squibb may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the agreement as to products containing XL184 or XL281. In the event of such termination election, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb to research, develop and commercialize such products.

Bristol-Myers Squibb received an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize XL281. We will carry out certain clinical trials of XL281 which may include a backup program on XL281. Bristol-Myers

 

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Squibb is responsible for funding all future development of XL281, including our activities. We are eligible for development and regulatory milestones of up to $315.0 million on XL281, sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on worldwide sales of XL281.

The upfront payment of $195.0 million we received upon effectiveness of the collaboration agreement and the license payments of $20.0 million and $25.0 million that we received in the first quarter and second quarter of 2009, respectively, will be recognized ratably over the estimated development term of five years, and recorded as license revenue, from the effective date of the agreement in December 2008. Any milestone payments that we may receive under the agreement will be recognized ratably over the same period but will be recorded as contract revenue. We will record as operating expense 100% of the cost incurred for work performed by us on the two programs. During the term of the collaboration, so long as we have not opted out of the co-development of XL184, there may be periods during which Bristol-Myers Squibb will partially reimburse us for certain research and development expenses, and other periods during which we will owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. To the extent that net research and development funding payments are received from Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration revenue. In periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost sharing expense. Net amounts due from or payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb will be determined and reflected on an annual basis. For the year ending December 31, 2009, we incurred a net payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb. Because we are conducting early clinical activity under the collaboration, we expect aggregate collaboration reimbursements during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010. Generally, the direction of cash flows will depend on the level of development activity by either party, which may change during the development term. Our capital requirements will be impacted by the level of our expenses for the development activity conducted by us and the degree to which we will be required to make payments to, or we will receive payments from, Bristol-Myers Squibb. If we opt out of the co-development of XL184, we would have no further unreimbursed cost obligations with respect to that compound.

March 2010 Restructuring

On March 8, 2010, we implemented a restructuring plan that resulted in a reduction of our workforce by approximately 40%, or 270 employees. We anticipate that the actions associated with the restructuring plan will be completed during 2010. The restructuring plan is a consequence of our continued strategy to focus resources on the development of our most advanced clinical compounds, XL184 and XL147/XL765, and ongoing efforts to reduce costs.

We expect to record a restructuring charge of approximately $15.0 million in the first quarter of 2010 related to one-time termination benefits. We expect to incur additional charges as a result of the restructuring plan, including facility-related charges, equipment write-downs and potentially other charges, and expect to record the majority of these expenses during the fiscal year 2010 as they are determined. We are currently unable to estimate the total amount or range of amounts expected to be incurred in connection with the restructuring plan for each major type of cost or in the aggregate. We expect that the restructuring plan will result in cash expenditures of approximately $15 million during the first and second quarters of 2010.

The restructuring charge that we expect to incur in connection with the restructuring is subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may materially differ. We may also incur other material charges not currently contemplated due to events that may occur as a result of, or associated with, the restructuring plan.

 

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GlaxoSmithKline Loan Repayment Obligations

In October 2002, we entered into a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline to discover and develop novel therapeutics in the areas of vascular biology, inflammatory disease and oncology. As part of the collaboration, we entered into a loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline, pursuant to which we borrowed $85.0 million for use in our efforts under the collaboration. The loan bears interest at a rate of 4.0% per annum and is secured by certain intellectual property, technology and equipment created or utilized pursuant to the collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under our GlaxoSmithKline loan was $70.8 million, after giving effect to a cash payment we made to GlaxoSmithKline of $34.7 million on October 27, 2009 for the first of three annual installments of principal and accrued interest due under the loan. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. Repayment of all or any of the amounts advanced to us under the loan agreement may, at our election, be in the form of our common stock at fair market value, subject to certain conditions, or cash. Following the conclusion on October 27, 2008 of the development term under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, we are no longer eligible to receive selection milestone payments from GlaxoSmithKline to credit against outstanding loan amounts, and in the event the market price for our common stock is depressed, we may not be able to repay the loan in full using shares of our common stock due to restrictions in the agreement on the number of shares we may issue. In addition, the issuance of shares of our common stock to repay the loan may result in significant dilution to our stockholders. As a result, we may need to obtain additional funding to satisfy our repayment obligations. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient funds to repay amounts outstanding under the loan when due or that we will satisfy the conditions to our ability to repay the loan in shares of our common stock.

During 2010, we may pursue a potential refinancing of the GlaxoSmithKline loan with a third party, although there can be no assurance that we would be able to do so on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all.

Deerfield Facility

On June 4, 2008, we entered into a Facility Agreement with Deerfield Private Design Fund, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International, L.P., Deerfield Partners, L.P. and Deerfield International Limited, or the Deerfield Entities, pursuant to which the Deerfield Entities agreed to loan to us up to $150.0 million. We had the right to draw down on the loan facility through December 4, 2009, with any amounts drawn being due on June 4, 2013. The Facility Agreement was terminated in November 2009. As a result of the termination, we incurred a $5.2 million charge to interest expense relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs. We did not draw on the Facility Agreement at any time prior to its termination. Pursuant to the Facility Agreement, we paid the Deerfield Entities a one time transaction fee of $3.8 million, or 2.5% of the loan facility. In addition, we were obligated to pay an annual commitment fee of $3.4 million, that was payable quarterly and was recognized as interest expense as incurred. Pursuant to the Facility Agreement, we issued six-year warrants to the Deerfield Entities to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share.

Symphony Evolution, Inc.

In 2005, we licensed three of our compounds, XL647, XL784 and XL999, to Symphony Evolution, Inc., or SEI, in return for an $80.0 million investment for the clinical development of these compounds. As part of the agreement, we received an exclusive purchase option to acquire all of the equity of SEI, thereby allowing us to reacquire XL647, XL784 and XL999 at our sole discretion. The purchase option price, which could be paid in cash and/or shares of our common stock, at our sole discretion, was equal to the sum of (1) the total amount of capital invested in SEI by its investors ($80.0 million) and (2) an amount equal to 25% per year on such funded capital, compounded from the time of funding.

The purchase option expired on June 9, 2009. As a result of the expiration of the purchase option, we issued a warrant to Symphony Evolution Holdings LLC, the parent company of SEI, with a five year term to purchase

 

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500,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.05 per share, which was equal to 125% of the average closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market over a continuous period of 60 trading days immediately preceding the second trading day prior to the business day immediately following the date the purchase option expired.

The expiration of the purchase option triggered a reconsideration event regarding our need to consolidate SEI, a variable interest entity. Upon the expiration of the purchase option, we no longer held a variable interest in the variable interest entity. Accordingly, we deconsolidated SEI and derecognized the SEI assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest from our financial statements. In the second quarter of 2009, we recognized a loss of $9.8 million upon the deconsolidation of the variable interest entity. For the period prior to the expiration of the purchase option, we concluded that SEI was a variable interest entity for which we were the primary beneficiary. As a result, we included the financial condition and results of operations of SEI in our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, we had deducted the losses attributable to the noncontrolling interest in SEI from our net loss in the consolidated statement of operations and we also reduced the noncontrolling interest holders’ ownership interest in SEI in the consolidated balance sheet by SEI’s losses. The noncontrolling interest holders’ ownership in the consolidated balance sheet was $0.7 million as of December 31, 2008. Prior to 2009, we would not allocate losses to the noncontrolling interest in SEI such that the carrying value of the noncontrolling interest would be reduced below zero. However, with the adoption of updated reporting standards for noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009, we would allocate losses to the noncontrolling interest in SEI such that the noncontrolling interest could have a negative carrying value. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the losses attributed to the noncontrolling interest holders were $4.3 million, $12.7 million and $24.6 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, which require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We have based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our senior management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. We believe the following critical accounting policies reflect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues are derived from three primary sources: license fees, milestone payments and collaborative agreement reimbursements.

Revenues from license fees and milestone payments primarily consist of up-front license fees and milestone payments received under various collaboration agreements. We initially recognize upfront fees received from third party collaborators as unearned revenue and then recognize these amounts on a ratable basis over the expected term of the research collaboration. Often, the total research term is not contractually defined and an

 

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estimate of the term of our total obligation must be made. For example, under the 2008 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, we have estimated our term to be five years, or through the completion of phase 3 trials. We estimate that this is the longest possible period that we could be obligated to perform services and therefore the appropriate term with which to amortize any license fees. However, if we submit an NDA earlier than anticipated, or Bristol-Myers Squibb decides to take over management of trials prior to their completion, the estimated term of our obligation would be shortened, resulting in an increase in revenue recognition in the period in which our estimated term changes. License fees are classified as license revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.

Although milestone payments are generally non-refundable once the milestone is achieved, we recognize milestone revenues on a straight-line basis over the expected research term of the arrangement. This typically results in a portion of a milestone being recognized on the date the milestone is achieved, with the balance being recognized over the remaining research term of the agreement. There is diversity in practice on the recognition of milestone revenue. Other companies have adopted an alternative milestone revenue recognition policy, whereby the full milestone fee is recognized upon completion of the milestone. If we had adopted such a policy, our revenues recorded to date would have increased and our deferred revenues would have decreased by a material amount compared to total revenue recognized. In certain situations, we may receive milestone payments after the end of our period of continued involvement. In such circumstances, we would recognize 100% of the milestone revenue when the milestone is achieved. Milestones are classified as contract revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.

Collaborative agreement reimbursement revenue consists of research and development support received from collaborators. Collaborative agreement reimbursement revenue is recorded as earned based on the performance requirements by both parties under the respective contracts. Under the 2008 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, certain research and development expenses are partially reimbursable to us. On an annual basis, the amounts that Bristol-Myers Squibb owes us, net of amounts reimbursable to Bristol-Myers Squibb by us on those projects, are recorded as revenue. Conversely, research and development expenses may include the net settlement of amounts we owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. In annual periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost-sharing expense. Agreement reimbursements are classified as either contract revenue or collaboration reimbursements in our consolidated statement of operations, depending on the terms of the agreement.

Some of our research and licensing arrangements have multiple deliverables in order to meet our customer’s needs. For example, the arrangements may include a combination of intellectual property rights and research and development services. Multiple element revenue agreements are evaluated to determine whether the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis and whether objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item exists. Deliverables in an arrangement that do not meet the separation criteria are treated as one unit of accounting for purposes of revenue recognition. Generally, the revenue recognition guidance applicable to the final deliverable is followed for the combined unit of accounting. For certain arrangements, the period of time over which certain deliverables will be provided is not contractually defined. Accordingly, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. In 2008, under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, we accelerated $18.5 million in previously deferred revenue as a result of the development term concluding on the earliest scheduled end date of October 27, 2008, instead of the previously estimated end date of October 27, 2010.

Clinical Trial Accruals

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and all of our clinical trials have been performed by third-party contract research organizations, or CROs, and other vendors. We accrue expenses for preclinical studies

 

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performed by our vendors based on certain estimates over the term of the service period and adjust our estimates as required. We accrue costs for clinical trial activities performed by CROs based upon the estimated amount of work completed on each study. For clinical trial expenses, the significant factors used in estimating accruals include the number of patients enrolled, the number of active clinical sites, and the duration for which the patients will be enrolled in the study. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews, correspondence with CROs and review of contractual terms. We base our estimates on the best information available at the time. However, additional information may become available to us which will allow us to make a more accurate estimate in future periods. In this event, we may be required to record adjustments to research and development expenses in future periods when the actual level of activity becomes more certain. Such increases or decreases in cost are generally considered to be changes in estimates and will be reflected in research and development expenses in the period first known.

Stock Option Valuation

Our estimate of compensation expense requires us to determine the appropriate fair value model and a number of complex and subjective assumptions including our stock price volatility, employee exercise patterns, future forfeitures and related tax effects. The most significant assumptions are our estimates of the expected volatility and the expected term of the award. We have limited historical information available to support the underlying estimates of certain assumptions required to value stock options. The value of a stock option is derived from its potential for appreciation. The more volatile the stock, the more valuable the option becomes because of the greater possibility of significant changes in stock price. Because there is a market for options on our common stock, we have considered implied volatilities as well as our historical realized volatilities when developing an estimate of expected volatility. The expected option term also has a significant effect on the value of the option. The longer the term, the more time the option holder has to allow the stock price to increase without a cash investment and thus, the more valuable the option. Further, lengthier option terms provide more opportunity to exploit market highs. However, empirical data shows that employees, for a variety of reasons, typically do not wait until the end of the contractual term of a nontransferable option to exercise. Accordingly, companies are required to estimate the expected term of the option for input to an option-pricing model. As required under the accounting rules, we review our valuation assumptions at each grant date and, as a result, from time to time we will likely change the valuation assumptions we use to value stock based awards granted in future periods. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and recognize expense only for those shares expected to vest. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period. As of December 31, 2009, $31.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on stock-based compensation.

Fiscal Year Convention

Exelixis has adopted a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Friday closest to December 31 st. Fiscal year 2007, a 52-week year, ended on December 28, 2007, fiscal year 2008, a 53-week year, ended on January 2, 2009, and fiscal year 2009, a 52-week year, ended on January 1, 2010. Fiscal year 2010, a 52-week year, will end on December 31, 2010. For convenience, references in this report as of and for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, January 2, 2009 and January 1, 2010 are indicated on a calendar year basis, ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

 

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Results of Operations – Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007

Revenues

Total revenues by category, as compared to the prior year, were as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Contract revenues:

      

Research and development funding

   $ 36.6      $ 24.8      $ 50.4   

Milestones

     17.6        45.8        18.0   

Collaboration reimbursements

     —          0.3        —     

Delivery of compounds under chemistry collaborations

     —          0.2        0.7   

License revenue, amortization of upfront payments, including amortization of premiums for equity purchases

     97.6        46.8        44.4   

Total revenues

   $ 151.8      $ 117.9      $ 113.5   

Dollar increase

   $ 33.9      $ 4.4      $ 14.8   

Percentage increase

     29     4     15

Total revenues by customer, as compared to the prior year, were as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Bristol-Myers Squibb

   $ 81.4      $ 54.8      $ 39.2   

sanofi-aventis

     46.9        —          —     

Genentech

     12.0        19.6        18.7   

GlaxoSmithKline

     0.5        43.1        27.6   

Boehringer Ingelheim

     10.8        —          —     

Daiichi-Sankyo

     —          —          10.9   

All Other Revenue Sources

     0.2        0.4        17.1   

Total revenues

   $ 151.8      $ 117.9      $ 113.5   

Dollar increase

   $ 33.9      $ 4.4      $ 14.8   

Percentage increase

     29     4     15

The increase in revenues from 2008 to 2009 was primarily due to our May 2009 collaboration agreement with sanofi-aventis for the discovery of inhibitors of PI3K. In addition to the increase due to revenue received from sanofi-aventis, we also recognized increases of $45.9 million in revenue from our 2008 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb relating to XL184 and XL281 and $10.8 million in revenue from our May 2009 collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim. These increases in revenue were partially offset by decreases in milestone and contract revenue relating to the conclusion of certain collaborations with GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech and Bristol-Myers Squibb, in addition to a decline in research and development funding relating to fewer full-time equivalent employees under our LXR program with Bristol-Myers Squibb.

The increase in revenues from 2007 to 2008 was primarily due to increased milestone revenues associated with two $20.0 million milestones achieved with respect to XL139 and XL413 under our 2007 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb. In addition, we accelerated $9.4 million in deferred revenues under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, for which the development term concluded on October 27, 2008. In prior years, revenues from upfront payments, premiums paid on equity purchases and milestones had been recognized assuming that the development term would be extended through the longest contractual period of October 27, 2010. However, as a result of the development term concluding on the earliest scheduled end date under the

 

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collaboration, the remaining deferred revenues was recognized through October 27, 2008. These increases were partly offset by decreases of $11.2 million in revenue associated with the sale of our former subsidiary Artemis Pharmaceuticals GmbH, or Artemis, which was no longer consolidated as a result of the sale of 80.1% of our ownership in 2007. Prior to the closing of the sale of 80.1% of the share capital of Artemis on November 20, 2007, we had included the revenues attributable to Artemis for 2007 within our consolidated total revenues. As a result of the sale, Artemis’ financial results are no longer consolidated into our consolidated financial statements.

Research and Development Expenses

Total research and development expenses were as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Research and development expenses

   $ 234.7      $ 257.4      $ 225.4   

Dollar (decrease) increase

   $ (22.7   $ 32.0      $ 39.9   

Percentage (decrease) increase

     (9 %)      14     22

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, clinical trials and consulting, laboratory supplies and facility costs. The change in 2009 compared to 2008 resulted primarily from the following:

 

   

Clinical Trials – Clinical trial expenses, which include services performed by third-party contract research organizations and other vendors, decreased by $9.9 million, or 13%, primarily due to the wind down of activities associated with XL647, XL820, XL784 and XL844 clinical trials, the transfer of XL880 to GlaxoSmithKline in 2008, the transfer of XL518 to Genentech in March 2009, and non-clinical toxicology studies conducted in 2008 on XL019. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trial activities for XL184, IND activity for XL388, increased phase 1 clinical trial activity for XL281 and increased phase 1 clinical trial activity related to XL765, XL147 and XL139.

 

   

Personnel – Personnel expense, which includes salaries, bonuses, related fringe benefits, recruiting and relocation costs, decreased by $6.8 million, or 9%, primarily due to a reduction in headcount related to our restructuring in November 2008.

 

   

Laboratory Supplies – Laboratory supplies decreased by $2.6 million, or 15%, primarily due to the decrease in headcount and other cost cutting measures.

 

   

Cost Reimbursement – Primarily as a result of our contract research agreement with Agrigenetics, Inc., or Agrigenetics, we received an increase in research and development funding of $2.3 million that was recognized as a reduction to research and development expense.

The change in 2008 compared to 2007 resulted primarily from the following:

 

   

Clinical Trials – Clinical trial expenses, which include services performed by third-party contract research organizations and other vendors, increased by $19.5 million, or 34%, primarily due to activities for a phase 3 clinical trial for XL184, phase 2 clinical trial activity for XL184, XL820 and XL647, additional phase 1 clinical trial activity for XL019, XL147, XL228 and XL765, and preclinical studies for XL413 and XL888. The increase was also due in part to start-up activities for a phase 3 clinical trial of XL647 that we subsequently decided not to initiate. These increases were partially offset by a decline in expense associated with XL999 and XL784 phase 2 clinical trial activities, a decline in expense associated with XL443 for non-clinical toxicology studies performed in 2007 and a decline in expenses related to XL880 due to the selection of XL880 by GlaxoSmithKline in March 2008 under our product development and commercialization agreement.

 

   

General Corporate Costs – There was an increase of $10.4 million, or 31%, in the allocation of general corporate costs (such as facilities costs, property taxes and insurance) to research and development,

 

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which primarily reflected the relative growth of the research and development function compared to the general and administrative function.

 

   

Personnel – Personnel expense, which includes salaries, bonuses, related fringe benefits, temporaries, recruiting and relocation costs, increased by $7.9 million, or 11%, primarily due to the expanded workforce supporting drug development operations to advance our clinical and preclinical development programs.

 

   

Laboratory Supplies – Laboratory supplies expense decreased by $4.8 million, or 21%, primarily due to cost savings measures implemented during 2008.

We do not track total research and development expenses separately for each of our research and development programs. We group our research and development expenses into three categories: drug discovery, development and other. Our drug discovery group utilizes a variety of high-throughput technologies to enable the rapid discovery, optimization and extensive characterization of lead compounds such that we are able to select development candidates with the best potential for further evaluation and advancement into clinical development. Drug discovery expenses relate primarily to personnel expense, lab supplies and general corporate costs. Our development group leads the development and implementation of our clinical and regulatory strategies and prioritizes disease indications in which our compounds may be studied in clinical trials. Development expenses relate primarily to clinical trial, personnel and general corporate costs. The other category primarily includes stock compensation expense.

In addition to reviewing the three categories of research and development expenses described above, we principally consider qualitative factors in making decisions regarding our research and development programs. Such factors include enrollment in clinical trials for our drug candidates, the results of and data from clinical trials, the potential indications for our drug candidates, the therapeutic and commercial potential for our drug candidates and competitive dynamics. We also make our research and development decisions in the context of our overall business strategy, which includes the pursuit of commercial collaborations with major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development of our drug candidates.

The expenditures summarized in the following table reflect total research and development expenses by category, including allocations for general and administrative expense (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     2009    2008    2007    Inception
to date (1)

Drug Discovery

   $ 88.0    $ 102.5    $ 101.7    $ 384.5

Development

     126.8      138.0      101.5      438.1

Other

     19.9      16.9      22.2      80.4
                           

Total

   $ 234.7    $ 257.4    $ 225.4    $ 903.0
                           

 

(1) Inception is as of January 1, 2006, the date on which we began tracking research and development expenses by category.

While we do not track total research and development expenses separately for each program, beginning in fiscal 2006, we began tracking third party expenditures directly relating to each program as a way of monitoring external costs. Our third party research and development expenditures relate principally to our clinical trial and related development activities, such as preclinical and clinical studies and contract manufacturing, and represent only a portion of the costs related to each program. Third party expenditures for programs initiated prior to the beginning of fiscal 2006 have not been tracked from project inception, and therefore such expenditures from the actual inception for most of our programs are not available. We do not accumulate on a program-specific basis internal research and development expenses, such as salaries and personnel expenses, facilities overhead expenses and external costs not directly attributable to a specific project. Nevertheless, we believe that third party expenditures by program provide a reasonable estimate of the percentage of our total research and development

 

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expenses that are attributable to each such program. For the full year 2009, the programs representing the greatest portion of our external third party research and development expenditures were XL184 (45%), XL147 (12%), XL765 (11%), XL281 (6%) and XL228 (6%). The expenses for these programs were primarily included in the development category of our research and development expenses and exclude the impact of any amounts reimbursed by our partners.

We currently do not have reliable estimates regarding the timing of our clinical trials. We currently estimate that typical phase 1 clinical trials last approximately one year, phase 2 clinical trials last approximately one to two years and phase 3 clinical trials last approximately two to four years. However, the length of time may vary substantially according to factors relating to the particular clinical trial, such as the type and intended use of the drug candidate, the clinical trial design and the ability to enroll suitable patients. In general, we will incur increased research and development expenses for compounds that advance in clinical development, whereas expenses will end for compounds that do not warrant further clinical development.

We currently do not have reliable estimates of total costs for a particular drug candidate to reach the market. Our potential therapeutic products are subject to a lengthy and uncertain regulatory process that may involve unanticipated additional clinical trials and may not result in receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals. Failure to receive the necessary regulatory approvals would prevent us from commercializing the product candidates affected. In addition, clinical trials of our potential products may fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy, which could prevent or significantly delay regulatory approval.

General and Administrative Expenses

Total general and administrative expenses were as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

General and administrative expenses

   $ 34.4      $ 36.9      $ 44.9   

Dollar (decrease) increase

   $ (2.5   $ (8.0 )   $ 5.8   

Percentage (decrease) increase

     (7 %)      (18 %)      15

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, employee stock-based compensation expense, facility costs and consulting and professional expenses, such as legal and accounting fees. The decrease in 2009 from 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in headcount related to our restructuring in November 2008, reduced consulting and outside service costs, and other cost saving measures. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in rent and other facilities costs associated with our property. The decrease in 2008 from 2007 resulted primarily from an increase of $10.4 million in the allocation of general corporate costs (such as facilities costs, property taxes and insurance) to research and development, which primarily reflected the relative growth of the research and development function compared to the general and administrative function. This decrease was partly offset by increases in facilities costs of $2.4 million and consulting and outside services costs of $1.3 million.

Collaboration Cost-Sharing Expenses (Reimbursements)

Total collaboration cost-sharing expenses were as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009    2008    2007  

Collaboration cost-sharing expenses (reimbursements)

   $ 4.6    $ (0.3)    $  —     

Dollar change

   $ 4.9    $ (0.3)    $ —     

Percentage change

   Not Meaningful    Not Meaningful      —  

 

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Total collaboration cost-sharing expenses consist of research and development expenses and reimbursements related to our 2008 cancer collaboration agreement with Bristol Myers-Squibb for XL184 and XL281. To the extent that net annual research and development funding payments are received from Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration reimbursement. In years when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost sharing expense. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded a net payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, resulting with an increase in operating expenses of $4.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we recorded a net receivable from Bristol-Myers Squibb of $0.3 million, which was included in total revenues.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Total amortization of intangible assets was as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Amortization of intangible assets

   $ —        $ —        $ 0.2   

Dollar decrease

   $ —        $ (0.2   $ (0.6

Percentage decrease

     0     (100 %)      (75 %) 

Intangible assets resulted from our acquisitions of X-Ceptor Therapeutics, Genomica, Artemis and Agritope (renamed Exelixis Plant Sciences). These assets were amortized over specified time periods. There was no amortization of intangible assets in 2009 or 2008.

The decrease in amortization of intangible assets expense in 2008 compared to 2007 was due to the completion of the amortization of the assembled workforce related to our acquisition of X-Ceptor Therapeutics. In addition, amortization of intangible assets expense decreased as a result of our transaction in September 2007 with Agrigenetics in which we sold $2.1 million of acquired patents and our transaction in November 2007 in which we sold 80.1% of the share capital of Artemis, which included $0.3 million of acquired patents.

Restructuring Charge

In November 2008, we implemented a restructuring plan that resulted in a reduction in force of 78 employees, or approximately 10% of our workforce. As a result of this restructuring plan, we recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $2.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 consisting primarily of severance, health care benefits and legal and outplacement services fees. The balance of the liability was included in “Other Accrued Expenses” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 and was fully-paid out as of December 31, 2009. All actions associated with the 2008 restructuring plan were completed in the first quarter of 2009, and we do not anticipate incurring any further costs under the 2008 restructuring plan.

Total Other Income (Expense), net

Total other income (expense), net was as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Interest income and other, net

   $ 1.5      $ 5.9      $ 13.1   

Interest expense

     (12.7     (6.8     (4.0

Gain on sale of businesses

     2.1        4.6        36.9   

Loss on deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     (9.8     —          —     
                        

Total other Income (expense), net

   $ (18.9 )   $ 3.7      $ 46.0   

Dollar (decrease) increase

   $ (22.6   $ (42.3   $ 42.5   

 

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The change in total other income (expense), net for 2009 compared to 2008 resulted primarily from the recording of a $9.8 million loss upon deconsolidation of SEI as a result of the expiration of our purchase option for SEI in June 2009 and $5.2 million in interest expense relating to the termination of the Deerfield credit facility in December 2009. Lower interest rates led to a decline in interest income of $4.9 million and we also recorded a net adjustment of $2.5 million to the gain on the sale of our plant trait business, and Artemis which represents the difference between the $4.6 million recorded in 2008 and the $2.1 million recorded in 2009.

The decrease in total other income (expense), net for 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to the 2007 gain on the sale of our plant trait business and the gain on sale of 80.1% of the share capital of Artemis, and a decrease in interest income as a result of lower cash and investment balances and lower average interest rates.

In September 2007, we sold our plant trait business to Agrigenetics, and, as a result, we recognized in 2007 a gain of $18.8 million in total other income. The gain of $18.8 million primarily consisted of a purchase price of $22.5 million, less $2.4 million in net book value of tangible and intangible assets and the derecognition of $1.4 million of goodwill.

As a result of the sale of 80.1% of the share capital of Artemis in November 2007, we recognized in 2007 a gain of $18.1 million in total other income. This gain primarily consisted of cash received of $19.8 million, plus $2.5 million relating to the elimination of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and the elimination of net liabilities, less $0.3 million of intangible assets (acquired patents) and the derecognition of $2.3 million of goodwill.

Income Tax Benefit

The income tax benefit for 2009 was the result of a $1.3 million tax credit recorded as a result of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. During the third quarter of 2009, we recorded a tax provision as a result of $7.0 million of withholding tax associated with the $140.0 million of upfront payments received from sanofi-aventis during the quarter. However, in December 2009, the United States Senate ratified the protocol, originally signed on January 2009, to the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the French Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, thereby eliminating this withholding tax, resulting in us reversing the provision in December and booking a receivable from the French government.

Under the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions, certain substantial changes in our ownership could result in an annual limitation on the amount of net operating loss and credit carryforwards that can be utilized in future years to offset future taxable income. Annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating loss and credit carryforwards before they are used.

Loss attributed to noncontrolling interest

In 2005, we licensed three of our compounds, XL647, XL784 and XL999, to SEI in return for an $80.0 million investment for the clinical development of these compounds. As part of the agreement, we received an exclusive purchase option to acquire all of the equity of SEI, thereby allowing us to reacquire XL647, XL784 and XL999 at our sole discretion. The purchase option expired on June 9, 2009. The expiration of the purchase option triggered a reconsideration event regarding our need to consolidate SEI, a variable interest entity. Upon the expiration of the purchase option, we no longer held a variable interest in the variable interest entity. Accordingly, we deconsolidated SEI and derecognized the SEI assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest from our financial statements. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the losses attributed to the noncontrolling interest holders were $4.3 million, $12.7 million and $24.6 million, respectively.

 

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The decrease in 2009 from 2008 in the losses attributable to noncontrolling interest holders were due to the deconsolidation of SEI in June 2009. The decrease in 2008 from 2007 in the losses attributed to the noncontrolling interest holders was primarily due to decreased development expenses associated with XL784 and XL999.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 (dollar amounts are presented in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Consolidated net loss

   $ (139,557   $ (175,570   $ (111,022

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities

     44,894        32,510        (4,485

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

     80,072        133,376        47,186   
                        

Net cash used in operating activities

     (14,591     (9,684     (68,321

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

     (112,322     121,295        (3,437

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (33,989     630        84,248   

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     —          —          (402
                        

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (160,902     112,241        12,088   

Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of year

     247,698        135,457        123,369   
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, at end of year

   $ 86,796      $ 247,698      $ 135,457   
                        

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity, payments and loans from collaborators, equipment financing facilities and interest income. We also financed certain of our research and development activities under our agreements with SEI. In September 2007, we received net proceeds, after underwriting fees and offering expenses, of $71.9 million from the sale of 7.0 million shares of our common stock under a shelf registration statement. As of December 31, 2009, we had $221.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, which included restricted cash and investments of $6.4 million. In addition, as of December 31, 2009, approximately $24.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities served as collateral for bank lines of credit.

Operating Activities

Our operating activities used cash of $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, and $68.3 million for 2007. Cash used in operating activities during 2009 related primarily to our consolidated net loss of $139.6 million offset by increases in deferred revenues and other non-cash charges. The decrease in our consolidated net loss was driven by an increase in revenues primarily due to our 2009 collaboration with sanofi-aventis relating to XL147 and XL765 and our 2008 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb relating to XL184 and XL281 in addition to an overall decrease in operating expenses. These uses of cash were primarily offset by a net increase in deferred revenue of $85.8 million, primarily driven by receipt of an upfront cash payment of $140.0 million related to the global license agreement and collaboration with sanofi-aventis, partially offset by a decrease in deferred revenue from the ratable recognition of deferred revenues over the period of continuing involvement from our various collaborations. In addition, cash uses were offset by non-cash charges totaling $45.3 million relating to stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and a $9.8 million loss that we recorded upon deconsolidation of SEI.

 

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Cash used in operating activities during 2008 related primarily to our consolidated net loss of $175.6 million. The increase in our net loss was primarily driven by the continued advancement and expansion of our clinical trial activity in addition to the inclusion in 2007 of the $18.8 million gain on the sale of assets recognized in conjunction with our transaction with Agrigenetics, which was accounted for as a sale of our plant trait business, and $18.1 million gain on the sale of 80.1% of Artemis. These uses of cash were primarily offset by a net increase in deferred revenue of $132.8 million primarily driven by receipt of an upfront cash payment of $195.0 million related to the XL184 and XL281 collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, partially offset by a decrease in deferred revenue from the ratable recognition of deferred revenues over the period of continuing involvement from our various collaborations. In particular, we accelerated $18.5 million in previously deferred revenue relating to the conclusion of our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, the development term for which concluded on October 27, 2008. In addition, cash uses were offset by increases in accounts payable and other accrued expenses as well as non-cash charges totaling $36.1 million relating to stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization.

While cash used in operating activities is primarily driven by our consolidated net loss, operating cash flows differ from our consolidated net loss as a result of differences in the timing of cash receipts and earnings recognition and non-cash charges. We expect to use cash for operating activities for at least the next several years as we continue to incur net losses associated with our research and development activities, including manufacturing and development expenses for compounds in preclinical and clinical studies.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities used cash of $112.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to cash provided of $121.3 million for 2008 and cash used of $3.4 million for 2007.

Cash used in investing activities for 2009 was primarily driven by purchases of marketable securities of $161.2 million. Most of the cash invested in marketable securities was generated by payments received from collaborators. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds from maturities of marketable securities and on sales of investments held by SEI, for a combined cash inflow of $54.3 million used to fund our operations.

Cash provided in investing activities for 2008 was primarily driven by proceeds from the sale and maturities of marketable securities of $110.0 million and the sale of $16.9 million of investments held by SEI, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $15.2 million. In addition, in September 2008 we received the $4.5 million anniversary payment plus an additional $4.5 million of contingent consideration in association with our transaction with Agrigenetics. The proceeds provided by maturities or sale of our marketable securities and the sale of investments by SEI were used to fund our operations. We expect to continue to make moderate investments in property and equipment to support our operations.

Cash used in investing activities for 2007 was primarily driven by net purchases of marketable securities of $47.5 million and purchases of property and equipment of $17.8 million. Most of the cash invested in marketable securities and investments was generated by a common stock offering in 2007 and payments received from collaborators. These uses of cash were partially offset by net proceeds of $35.3 million from the sale of our plant trait business and Artemis. The proceeds provided by maturities of our marketable securities and the sale of investments by SEI were used to fund our operations.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities used cash of $34.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to cash provided of $0.6 million for 2008 and $84.2 million for 2007.

 

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Cash used by our financing activities for 2009 was primarily due to principal payments on notes payable and bank obligations of $43.1 million partially offset by proceeds from notes payable and bank obligations of $5.0 million and proceeds from employee stock purchase plan purchases of $3.8 million. In line with our focus on managing our cash resources, purchase of property and equipment were significantly lower in 2009 than compared to prior years.

Cash provided by our financing activities for 2008 was primarily due to proceeds of $13.6 million from our notes payable and bank obligations and $4.5 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of stock under the employee stock purchase plan. These increases were partially offset by principal payments on notes payable and bank obligations of $17.5 million.

Cash provided by our financing activities for 2007 was primarily due to net proceeds of $71.9 million received through the sale of our common stock and $12.6 million of proceeds from note payable and bank obligations. These increases were partially offset by $12.1 million of principal payments on notes payable and bank obligations.

We finance property and equipment purchases through equipment financing facilities, such as notes and bank obligations. Proceeds from collaboration loans and common stock issuances are used for general working capital purposes, such as research and development activities and other general corporate purposes. Over the next several years, we are required to make certain payments on notes, bank obligations and our loan from GlaxoSmithKline. In June 2008, we entered into the Facility Agreement with the Deerfield Entities for which the Deerfield Entities agreed to loan us up to $150.0 million, subject to certain conditions. The Facility Agreement was terminated in November 2009, resulting in a $5.2 million charge to interest expense relating to a cancellation fee and outstanding warrants. We did not draw on the Facility Agreement at any time prior to its termination.

Cash Requirements

We have incurred net losses since inception, including a net loss attributable to Exelixis, Inc. of $135.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. We expect our net loss in 2010 to increase compared to 2009 and anticipate negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2009, we had $221.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term marketable securities, which included restricted cash and investments of $6.4 million. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term marketable securities and funding that we expect to receive from collaborators, which includes anticipated cash from additional business development activity, will enable us to maintain our operations, after giving effect to the restructuring we implemented on March 8, 2010, for a period of at least 12 months following the filing date of this report. However, our future capital requirements will be substantial and will depend on many factors that may require us to use available capital resources significantly earlier than we currently anticipate. These factors include:

 

   

repayment of our loan from GlaxoSmithKline—In October 2002, we entered into a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, to discover and develop novel therapeutics in the areas of vascular biology, inflammatory disease and oncology. As part of the collaboration, we entered into a loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline, pursuant to which we borrowed $85.0 million for use in our efforts under the collaboration. The loan bears interest at a rate of 4.0% per annum and is secured by certain intellectual property, technology and equipment created or utilized pursuant to the collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under our GlaxoSmithKline loan was $70.8 million, after giving effect to a cash payment we made to GlaxoSmithKline of $34.7 million on October 27, 2009 for the first of three annual installments of principal and accrued interest due under the loan. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. Repayment of all or any of the amounts advanced to us under the loan agreement may, at our election, be in the form of our common stock at fair market value, subject to certain conditions, or cash. Following the conclusion on October 27, 2008 of the development term under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, we are no longer eligible to

 

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receive selection milestone payments from GlaxoSmithKline to credit against outstanding loan amounts, and in the event the market price for our common stock is depressed, we may not be able to repay the loan in full using shares of our common stock due to restrictions in the agreement on the number of shares we may issue. In addition, the issuance of shares of our common stock to repay the loan may result in significant dilution to our stockholders. As a result, we may need to obtain additional funding to satisfy our repayment obligations. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient funds to repay amounts outstanding under the loan when due or that we will satisfy the conditions to our ability to repay the loan in shares of our common stock. During 2010, we may pursue a potential refinancing of the GlaxoSmithKline loan with a third party, although there can be no assurance that we would be able to do so on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all;

 

   

the progress and scope of the development activity with respect to XL184, our most advanced compound—We are focusing our development efforts on XL184, which is being studied in a variety of tumor types, with the goal of rapidly commercializing the compound. As described under Item 1 of this report under “Business—Corporate Collaborations—Bristol-Myers Squibb—2008 Cancer Collaboration” in December 2008, we entered into a worldwide co-development collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for the development and commercialization of XL184. The companies will share worldwide (except for Japan) development costs for XL184. We are responsible for 35% of such costs and Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for 65% of such costs, except that we are responsible for funding the initial $100.0 million of combined costs and have the option to defer payments for development costs above certain thresholds. In return, we will share 50% of the commercial profits and losses (including pre-launch commercialization expenses) in the United States and have the option to co-promote XL184 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan. We have the right to defer payment for certain early commercialization and other related costs above certain thresholds. During the term of the collaboration, so long as we have not opted out of the co-development of XL184, there may be periods during which Bristol-Myers Squibb will partially reimburse us for certain research and development expenses, and other periods during which we will owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. On an annual basis, to the extent that net research and development funding payments are received from Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration revenue. In annual periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost sharing expense. Generally, the direction of cash flows will depend on the level of development activity by either party, which may change during the development term. Our capital requirements will be impacted by the level of our expenses for the development activity conducted by us and the degree to which we will be required to make payments to, or we will receive payments from, Bristol-Myers Squibb. If we opt out of the co-development of XL184, we would have no further unreimbursed cost obligations for that compound;

 

   

the progress and scope of other research and development activities conducted by us;

 

   

the level of payments received under existing collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements;

 

   

the degree to which we conduct funded development activity on behalf of partners to whom we have out-licensed compounds;

 

   

our ability to enter into new collaboration agreements, licensing agreements and other arrangements that provide additional payments;

 

   

our ability to control costs;

 

   

our ability to remain in compliance with, or amend or cause to be waived, financial covenants contained in agreements with third parties;

 

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the amount of our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities that serve as collateral for bank lines of credit;

 

   

future clinical trial results;

 

   

our need to expand our product and clinical development efforts;

 

   

our ability to share the costs of our clinical development efforts with third parties;

 

   

the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

 

   

the cost of clinical and research supplies of our product candidates;

 

   

the effect of competing technological and market developments;

 

   

the filing, maintenance, prosecution, defense and enforcement of patent claims and other intellectual property rights; and

 

   

the cost of any acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies.

One or more of these factors or changes to our current operating plan may require us to use available capital resources significantly earlier than we anticipate. If our capital resources are insufficient to meet future capital requirements, we will have to raise additional funds. We may seek to raise funds through the sale of equity or debt securities or through external borrowings. In addition, we may enter into additional strategic partnerships or collaborative arrangements for the development and commercialization of our compounds. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital when we need it, on favorable terms or at all. The sale of equity or convertible debt securities in the future may be dilutive to our stockholders, and debt-financing arrangements may require us to pledge certain assets and enter into covenants that would restrict certain business activities or our ability to incur further indebtedness, and may contain other terms that are not favorable to our stockholders or us. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on reasonable terms, we may be required to curtail operations significantly or obtain funds by entering into financing, supply or collaboration agreements on unattractive terms or we may be required to relinquish rights to technology or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that are unfavorable to us.

We may need to obtain additional funding in order to stay in compliance with financial covenants contained in agreements with third parties. For example, our loan and security agreement with GlaxoSmithKline contains financial covenants pursuant to which our “working capital” (the amount by which our current assets exceed our current liabilities as defined by the agreement, which excludes restricted cash and deferred revenue) must not be less than $25.0 million and our “cash and investments” (total cash, cash equivalents and investments as defined by the agreement, which excludes restricted cash) must not be less than $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2009, our “working capital” was $126.3 million and our “cash and investments” were $214.5 million. If we default on the financial covenants under the loan and security agreement, GlaxoSmithKline may, among other remedies, declare immediately due and payable all obligations under the loan and security agreement. Outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under the loan and security agreement totaled $70.8 million at December 31, 2009. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. In addition, if our “cash reserves” fall below $80.0 million and we are unable to increase such cash reserves to $80.0 million or more within 90 days, our co-development and co-promotion rights with respect to XL184 under our 2008 collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb may be terminated. “Cash reserves” for purposes of our 2008 collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb includes our total cash, cash equivalents and investments (excluding any restricted cash), plus the amount then available for borrowing by us under certain financing arrangements. If we cannot raise additional capital in order to remain in compliance with our financial covenants or if we are unable to renegotiate such covenants and the lender exercises its remedies under the agreement, we would not be able to operate under our current operating plan.

 

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We have contractual obligations in the form of operating leases, notes payable and licensing agreements. The following chart details our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2009 (dollar amounts are presented in thousands):

 

     Payments Due by Period

Contractual Obligations(1)

   Total    Less than
1 year
   1-3
Years
   4-5
years
   After 5
years

Notes payable and bank obligations

   $ 22,886      11,340      10,381      1,165    $ —  

Other obligations

     575      575      —        —        —  

Convertible loans(1)

     70,806      35,080      35,726      —        —  

Operating leases

     144,871      20,137      38,458      38,634      47,642
                                  

Total contractual cash obligations

   $ 239,138    $ 67,132    $ 84,565    $ 39,799    $ 47,642
                                  

 

(1) Includes interest payable on convertible loans of $13.9 million as of December 31, 2009. Additional interest accrues at 4% per annum. The debt and interest payable can be repaid in cash or common stock at our election. The development term under our collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline concluded on October 27, 2008. We paid the first of three annual payments of principal plus accrued interest of $34.7 million in October 2009. The remaining two payments of principal and accrued interest will be due in October 2010 and 2011.

Excluded from the table above are obligations under our collaboration agreements with Bristol-Myers Squibb to co-develop and co-commercialize XL139, XL413 and XL184 in the United States. As a result of these collaborations, we will be required to pay 35% of the worldwide (except for Japan) development expenses. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple Deliverable Revenue Arrangements – A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force.” This update provides application guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the deliverables should be separated and how the consideration should be allocated to one or more units of accounting. This update establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable. The selling price used for each deliverable will be based on vendor-specific objective evidence, if available, third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available, or estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific or third-party evidence is available. We expect to adopt this guidance prospectively from January 1, 2011. We are assessing the impact of this guidance on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined by applicable SEC regulations) that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources, except warrants and stock options. Our off-balance sheet arrangements are described in further detail in Notes 10 and 11 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and our long-term debt. At December 31, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash and investments of $221.0 million, and at December 31, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, investments held by SEI and restricted cash and investments of $284.2 million. Our marketable securities and investments are subject to interest rate risk, and our interest income may fluctuate due to changes in U.S. interest rates. By policy, we limit our investments to money market instruments, debt securities of U.S. government agencies and debt obligations of U.S. corporations. These securities are generally classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of estimated income taxes. We manage market risk through diversification requirements mandated by our investment policy, which limits the amount of our portfolio that can be invested in a single issuer. We manage credit risk by limiting our purchases to high-quality issuers. Through our money managers, we maintain risk management control systems to monitor interest rate risk. The risk management control systems use analytical techniques, including sensitivity analysis. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had debt outstanding of $79.6 million and $117.7 million, respectively. Our payment commitments associated with these debt instruments are fixed during the corresponding terms and are comprised of interest payments, principal payments or a combination thereof. The fair value of our debt will fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest, and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest.

We have estimated the effects on our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities based on a one-percentage point hypothetical adverse change in interest rates as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, a decrease in the interest rates of one percentage point would have had a net adverse change in the fair value of interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities of $0.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. We have assumed that the changes occur immediately and uniformly to each category of instrument containing interest rate risks. Significant variations in market interest rates could produce changes in the timing of repayments due to available prepayment options. The fair value of such instruments could be affected and, therefore, actual results might differ from our estimate.

 

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

EXELIXIS, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   69

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   70

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   71

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

   72

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   74

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Exelixis, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Exelixis, Inc. as of January 1, 2010 and January 2, 2009 , and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended January 1, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of Exelixis, Inc.’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Exelixis, Inc. at January 1, 2010 and January 2, 2009, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended January 1, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Exelixis, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 1, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 10, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Palo Alto, California

March 10, 2010

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

 

    December 31,  
    2009     2008  

ASSETS

   

Current assets:

   

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 86,796      $ 247,698   

Marketable securities

    116,290        —     

Investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc.

    —          14,703   

Other receivables

    11,864        1,457   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    15,050        7,713   
               

Total current assets

    230,000        271,571   

Restricted cash and investments

    6,444        4,015   

Long-term investments

    11,463        17,769   

Property and equipment, net

    29,392        36,247   

Goodwill

    63,684        63,684   

Other assets

    2,427        8,336   
               

Total assets

  $ 343,410      $ 401,622   
               

LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTEREST AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

   

Current liabilities:

   

Accounts payable

  $ 7,403      $ 4,946   

Accrued clinical trial liabilities

    24,000        22,551   

Other accrued liabilities

    16,399        14,007   

Accrued compensation and benefits

    16,677        16,142   

Current portion of notes payable and bank obligations

    11,204        14,911   

Current portion of convertible loans

    28,050        28,050   

Deferred revenue

    103,385        88,936   
               

Total current liabilities

    207,118        189,543   

Notes payable and bank obligations

    11,463        17,769   

Convertible loans

    28,900        56,950   

Other long-term liabilities

    17,325        22,620   

Deferred revenue

    242,329        171,001   
               

Total liabilities

    507,135        457,883   
               

Commitments (Note 13)

   

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):

   

Exelixis, Inc. stockholders’ deficit:

   

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued

    —          —     

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 107,918,334 and 106,331,183 shares at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively

    108        106   

Additional paid-in-capital

    925,736        897,423   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    155        —     

Accumulated deficit

    (1,089,724     (954,504
               

Total Exelixis, Inc. stockholders’ deficit

    (163,725     (56,975

Noncontrolling interest

    —          714   
               

Total stockholders’ deficit

    (163,725     (56,261
               

Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit

  $ 343,410      $ 401,622   
               

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Revenues:

      

Contract

   $ 54,141      $ 70,746      $ 69,023   

License

     97,618        46,793        44,447   

Collaboration reimbursement

     —          320        —     
                        

Total revenues

     151,759        117,859        113,470   
                        

Operating expenses:

      

Research and development

     234,702        257,390        225,375   

General and administrative

     34,382        36,892        44,940   

Collaboration cost sharing

     4,582        —          —     

Amortization of intangible assets

     —          —          202   

Restructuring charge

     —          2,890        —     
                        

Total operating expenses

     273,666        297,172        270,517   
                        

Loss from operations

     (121,907     (179,313     (157,047

Other income (expense):

      

Interest income and other, net

     1,510        5,935        13,055   

Interest expense

     (12,672     (6,762     (3,966

Gain on sale of businesses

     2,052        4,570        36,936   

Loss on deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     (9,826     —          —     
                        

Total other income (expense), net

     (18,936     3,743        46,025   
                        

Consolidated loss before taxes

     (140,843     (175,570     (111,022

Tax benefit

     1,286        —          —     
                        

Consolidated net loss

     (139,557     (175,570     (111,022

Loss attributed to noncontrolling interest

     4,337        12,716        24,641   
                        

Net loss attributable to Exelixis, Inc.

   $ (135,220   $ (162,854   $ (86,381
                        

Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to Exelixis, Inc.

   $ (1.26   $ (1.54   $ (0.87
                        

Shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share amounts

     107,073        105,498        99,147   
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

    Common
Stock
Shares
  Common
Stock
Amount
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Non-
Controlling
Interest
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
 

Balance at December 31, 2006

  95,990,148   $ 96   $ 756,568   $ 1,145      $ (705,269   $ 38,071      $ 90,611   

Consolidated net loss

  —       —       —       —          (86,381     (24,641     (111,022

Decrease in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities

  —       —       —       542        —          —          542   

Change in accumulated translation adjustment, net

  —       —       —       (1,188     —          —          (1,188
                   

Comprehensive loss

                (111,668
                   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans

  1,754,584     2     14,508     —          —          —          14,510   

Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs

  7,000,000     7     71,883     —          —          —          71,890   

Stock-based compensation expense

  —       —       20,168     —          —          —          20,168   
                                               

Balance at December 31, 2007

  104,744,732     105     863,127     499        (791,650     13,430        85,511   

Consolidated net loss

  —       —       —       —          (162,854     (12,716     (175,570

Change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities

  —       —       —       (499     —          —          (499
                   

Comprehensive loss

                (176,069
                   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans

  1,586,451     1     7,951     —          —          —          7,952   

Issuance of warrants to Deerfield

  —         3,438     —          —          —          3,438   

Stock-based compensation expense

  —       —       22,907     —          —          —          22,907   
                                               

Balance at December 31, 2008

  106,331,183     106     897,423     —          (954,504     714        (56,261

Consolidated net loss

  —       —       —       —          (135,220     (4,337     (139,557

Change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities

  —       —       —       155       —          —          155  
                   

Comprehensive loss

                (139,402
                   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans

  1,587,151     2     5,407     —          —          —          5,409  

Deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution Inc.

  —       —         —          —          3,623        3,623   

Stock-based compensation expense

  —       —       22,906     —          —          —          22,906  
                                               

Balance at December 31, 2009

  107,918,334   $ 108   $ 925,736   $ 155      $ (1,089,724   $ —        $ (163,725
                                               

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Consolidated net loss

   $ (139,557   $ (175,570   $ (111,022

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     12,595        13,227        11,130   

Stock-based compensation expense

     22,906        22,907        20,168   

Amortization of intangibles

       —          202   

Gain on sale of plant trait business and Artemis Pharmaceuticals

     (2,052     (4,570     (36,936

Loss on deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     9,826        —          —     

Other

     1,619        946        951   

Changes in assets and liabilities:

      

Other receivables

     (8,505     201        17,698   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     (7,338     (1,562     (2,965

Other assets

     6,424        (2,775     (175 )

Accounts payable and other accrued expenses

     9,008        7,036        24,076   

Other long-term liabilities

     (5,294     (2,304 )     4,433   

Deferred revenue

     85,777        132,780        4,119   
                        

Net cash used in operating activities

     (14,591     (9,684     (68,321
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Purchases of investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     (49     (707     (2,280

Proceeds on sale of investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     4,497        16,939        26,433   

Purchases of property and equipment

     (5,908     (15,205     (17,817

Proceeds on sale of plant trait business

     2,200        9,000        18,000   

Proceeds on sale of Artemis Pharmaceuticals, net

     —          —          17,309   

(Increase)/decrease in restricted cash and investments

     (2,429     3,223        2,396   

Proceeds from sale of marketable securities

     766        58,818        —     

Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities

     49,767        51,181        156,339   

Purchases of marketable securities

     (161,166     (1,954     (203,817
                        

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

     (112,322     121,295        (3,437
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of offering costs

     —          —          71,890   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants

     273        310        8,301   

Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan

     3,826        4,154        3,567   

Proceeds from notes payable and bank obligations

     5,002        13,619        12,632   

Principal payments on notes payable and bank obligations

     (43,065     (17,453     (12,142

Repayments, net from deconsolidation of Symphony Evolution, Inc.

     (25     —          —     
                        

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (33,989     630        84,248   
                        

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     —          —          (402
                        

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (160,902     112,241        12,088   

Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of year

     247,698        135,457        123,369   
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, at end of year

   $ 86,796      $ 247,698      $ 135,457   
                        

Supplemental cash flow disclosure:

      

Cash paid for interest

   $ 10,532      $ 355      $ 597   

Warrants issued in conjunction with Deerfield financing agreement

     —          3,438       —     

The accompany notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Exelixis, Inc. (“Exelixis,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is committed to developing innovative therapies for cancer and other serious diseases. Through our drug discovery and development activities, we are building a portfolio of novel compounds that we believe have the potential to be high-quality, differentiated pharmaceutical products. Our most advanced pharmaceutical programs focus on drug discovery and development of small molecule drugs for cancer.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Exelixis and our wholly owned subsidiaries as well as one variable interest entity, Symphony Evolution, Inc. (“SEI”), for which we were the primary beneficiary. As of June 9, 2009, our purchase option for SEI expired and as a result, we were no longer considered to be the primary beneficiary. (Refer to Note 4). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. We have determined that Artemis Pharmaceuticals GmbH, our German subsidiary, was an operating segment. Selected segment information is provided in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exelixis adopted a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Friday closest to December 31. Fiscal year 2007, a 52-week year, ended on December 28, 2007, fiscal year 2008, a 53-week year, ended on January 2, 2009, fiscal year 2009, a 52-week year, ended on January 1, 2010. Fiscal year 2010, a 52-week year, will end on December 31, 2010. For convenience, references in this report as of and for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, January 2, 2009, and January 1, 2010 are indicated on a calendar year basis, ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and Investments

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We invest in high-grade, short-term commercial paper and money market funds, which are subject to minimal credit and market risk.

Investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc. consisted of investments in money market funds. As of December 31, 2009, following the deconsolidation of SEI, we no longer hold any Symphony Evolution, Inc. investments. As of December 31, 2008, we had investments held by Symphony Evolution, Inc. of $14.7 million.

All marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value based upon quoted market prices of the securities. We view our available-for-sale portfolio as available for use in current operations. Accordingly, we have classified certain investments as short-term marketable securities, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

 

beyond the current balance sheet date. We have classified certain investments as cash and cash equivalents or marketable securities that collateralize loan balances; however they are not restricted to withdrawal. Funds that are used to collateralize equipment lines of credit that extend for over 12 months have been classified as long term investments, in association with the loan arrangement. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses, net, on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income.

The following summarizes available-for-sale securities included in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and investments as of December 31, 2009 (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value

Money market funds

   $ 74,465    $ —      $ —        $ 74,465

Commercial paper

     24,277      —        —          24,277

Corporate bonds

     55,808      152      (17     55,943

U.S. Government agency securities

     11,077      8      —          11,085

Government sponsored enterprises

     37,990      17      (1     38,006

Municipal bonds

     17,769      —        (3     17,766
                            

Total

   $ 221,386    $ 177    $ (21   $ 221,542
                            
     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value

As reported:

          

Cash equivalents

   $ 87,354    $ —      $ (9   $ 87,345

Marketable securities

     116,125      177      (12     116,290

Long-term investments

     11,463      —        —          11,463

Restricted cash and investments

     6,444      —        —          6,444
                            

Total

   $ 221,386    $ 177    $ (21   $ 221,542
                            

The following summarizes available-for-sale securities included in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and investments as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Fair Value

Money market funds

   $ 270,147    $ —      $ —      $ 270,147
                           

Total

   $ 270,147    $ —      $ —      $ 270,147
                           
     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Fair Value

As reported:

           

Cash equivalents

   $ 248,363    $ —      $ —      $ 248,363

Restricted cash and investments

     4,015      —        —        4,015

Long-term investments

   $ 17,769    $ —      $ —      $ 17,769
                           

Total

   $ 270,147    $ —      $ —      $ 270,147
                           

 

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EXELIXIS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

 

As of December 31, 2008, we did not have any marketable securities.

During 2008, we recognized gross gains and losses of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, on sales of our investments.

The following is a summary of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities at December 31, 2009 by contractual maturity (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
   Fair Value

Mature in less than one year

   $ 213,947       $ 214,083

Mature in one to two years

     7,439         7,459
                  

Total

   $ 221,386       $ 221,542
                  

As of December 31, 2009, securities were in an unrealized loss position for less than one year. The unrealized losses were not attributed to credit risk. Based on the scheduled maturities of our marketable securities, we concluded that the unrealized losses in our investment securities are not other-than-temporary, as it is more likely than not that we will hold these investments for a period of time sufficient for a recovery of our cost basis.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of our financial instruments reflects the amounts that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The fair value hierarchy has the following three levels:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 3 – unobservable inputs.

Our financial instruments are valued using quoted prices in active markets or based upon other observable inputs. The following table sets forth the fair value of our financial assets that were measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2009:

 

     Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Total

Cash equivalents and marketable securities

   $ 74,465    $ 147,077    $ —      $ 221,542
                           

Total

   $ 74,465    $ 147,077    $ —      $ 221,542
                           

 

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As of December 31, 2008:

 

     Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Total

Money market funds

   $ 270,147    $ —      $ —      $ 270,147

Investments held by Symphony

     14,703      —        —        14,703
                           

Total

   $ 284,850    $ —      $ —      $ 284,850
                           

We have estimated the fair value of our long-term debt instruments using the net present value of the payments discounted at an interest rate that is consistent with our current borrowing rate for similar long-term debt. The estimated fair value of our outstanding debt was as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2009
   December 31,
2008

GlaxoSmithKline loan

   $ 50,191       $ 77,121

Equipment lines of credit

     22,530         30,388
                  

Total

   $ 72,721       $ 107,509

At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had debt outstanding of $79.6 million and $117.7 million, respectively. These items are described in further detail in Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our payment commitments associated with these debt instruments are fixed during the corresponding terms and are comprised of interest payments, principal payments or a combination thereof. The fair value of our debt will fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest, and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Equipment and furniture

   5 years

Computer equipment and software

   3 years

Leasehold improvements

   Shorter of lease life or 7 years

Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Intangible Assets

Goodwill amounts have been recorded as the excess purchase price over tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value, by applying the purchase method. Under GAAP, we evaluate goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and on an interim basis if events or changes in circumstances between annual impairment tests indicate that the asset might be impaired. When evaluating goodwill for impairment we must determine the reporting units that exist within Exelixis. We determined that our reporting units are consistent with our operating segments. We have allocated goodwill to our reporting units based on the relative fair value of the reporting units. We also evaluate other intangible assets for impairment when impairment indicators are identified.

 

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Other intangible assets have been amortized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Developed technology

   5 years

Patents/core technology

   15 years

Long-lived Assets

The carrying value of our long-lived assets is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. Long-lived assets include property and equipment and identified intangible assets.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and investments in marketable securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of money market funds, taxable commercial paper, corporate bonds with high credit quality, U.S. government agency obligations and U.S. government sponsored enterprises. All cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities are maintained with financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy. Other receivables are typically unsecured and are concentrated in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Accordingly, we may be exposed to credit risk generally associated with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. We have incurred no bad debt expense since inception.

The following table sets forth revenues recognized under our collaboration agreements that are 10% or more of total revenues during the years ending December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:

 

Collaborator

   2009     2008     2007  

Bristol-Myers Squibb

   54   46   35

sanofi-aventis

   31   0   0

Genentech

   8   17   16

GlaxoSmithKline

   0   37   24

Daiichi-Sankyo

   0   0   10

Revenue Recognition

License, research commitment and other non-refundable payments received in connection with research collaboration agreements are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of continuing involvement, generally the research term specified in the agreement. Contract research revenues are recognized as services are performed pursuant to the terms of the agreements. Any amounts received in advance of performance are recorded as deferred revenue. Payments are not refundable if research is not successful. License fees are classified as license revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.

We enter into corporate collaborations under which we may obtain up-front license fees, research funding, and contingent milestone payments and royalties. Our deliverables under these arrangements typically consist of intellectual property rights and research and development services. We evaluate whether the delivered elements under these arrangements have value to our collaboration partner on a stand-alone basis and whether objective

 

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and reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered item exists. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are not evaluated separately for the purpose of revenue recognition. For a combined unit of accounting, non-refundable up-front fees and milestones are recognized in a manner consistent with the final deliverable, which is generally ratably over the period of the research and development obligation.

Milestone payments are non-refundable and recognized as revenues over the period of the research arrangement. This typically results in a portion of the milestone being recognized at the date the milestone is achieved, which portion is equal to the applicable percentage of the research term that has elapsed at the date the milestone is achieved, and the balance being recognized over the remaining research term of the agreement. In certain situations, we may receive milestone payments after the end of our period of continued involvement. In such circumstances, we would recognize 100% of the milestone revenue when the milestone is achieved. Milestones are classified as contract revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.

Collaborative agreement reimbursement revenue is recorded as earned based on the performance requirements under the respective contracts. For arrangements in which we and our collaborative partner are active participants in the agreement and for which both parties are exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the commercial success of the activity, we present payments between the parties on a net basis. On an annual basis, to the extent that net research and development funding payments are received, Exelixis will record the net cash inflow as revenue. In annual periods when the net research and development funding payments result in a payable, these amounts are presented as collaboration cost-sharing expense. Agreement reimbursements are classified as either contract revenue or collaboration reimbursement in our consolidated statement of operations, depending on the terms of the agreement.

Revenues from chemistry collaborations are generally recognized upon the delivery of accepted compounds.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include costs associated with research performed pursuant to collaborative agreements. Research and development costs consist of direct and indirect internal costs related to specific projects as well as fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research activities on our behalf.

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and all of our clinical trials have been performed by third-party contract research organizations (“CROs”) and other vendors. We accrue expenses for preclinical studies performed by our vendors based on certain estimates over the term of the service period and adjust our estimates as required. We accrue costs for clinical trial activities performed by CROs based upon the estimated amount of work completed on each study. For clinical trial expenses, the significant factors used in estimating accruals include the number of patients enrolled, the number of active clinical sites, and the duration for which the patients will be enrolled in the study. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews, correspondence with CROs and review of contractual terms. We base our estimates on the best information available at the time. However, additional information may become available to us which will allow us to make a more accurate estimate in future periods. In this event, we may be required to record adjustments to research and development expenses in future periods when the actual level of activity becomes more certain, such increases or decreases in cost are generally considered to be changes in estimates and will be reflected in research and development expenses in the period first known.

 

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Collaboration Cost-Sharing

Collaborative agreement reimbursement revenue or collaboration cost sharing expenses are recorded as earned or owed based on the performance requirements by both parties under the respective contracts. Under our 2008 cancer collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol-Myers Squibb”), both parties are actively involved with compound development and certain research and development expenses are partially reimbursable to us on a net basis by compound. On an annual basis, amounts owed by Bristol-Myers Squibb to us, net of amounts reimbursable to Bristol-Myers Squibb by us on those projects, are recorded as collaboration revenue. Conversely, research and development expenses may include the net settlement of amounts we owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. In annual periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost-sharing expense.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share are computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Exelixis, Inc. for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted net loss per share excludes potential common stock because their effect is antidilutive. Potential common stock consists of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants and shares issuable upon conversion of our convertible loans.

The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be antidilutive for the years ended December 31:

 

     2009    2008    2007

Restricted stock units and options to purchase common stock

   27,072,822    24,141,186    20,718,661

Conversion of loans

   10,277,428    32,133,864    11,315,160

Warrants

   3,000,000    2,500,000    1,500,000
              
   40,350,250    58,775,050    33,533,821
              

Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement

Exelixis’ former subsidiary located in Germany operated using the local currency as the functional currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of this subsidiary were translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and expenses were translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting translation adjustments were presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. In November 2007, we sold 80.1% of our subsidiary located in Germany and as a result we removed from accumulated other comprehensive income the cumulative translation adjustment of $1.0 million and reported this as part of the gain on the sale of the subsidiary in 2007.

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period and related gains or losses are recorded in interest income and other, net. Gains and losses on the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities were not material for the periods presented.

 

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Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards is based on the grant date fair value estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We have limited historical information available to support the underlying estimates of certain assumptions required to value stock options. Because there is a market for options on our common stock, we have considered implied volatilities as well as our historical realized volatilities when developing an estimate of expected volatility. The expected option term also has a significant effect on the value of the option. The longer the term, the more time the option holder has to allow the stock price to increase without a cash investment and thus, the more valuable the option. However, empirical data shows that employees, for a variety of reasons, typically do not wait until the end of the contractual term of a nontransferable option to exercise. Accordingly, companies are required to estimate the expected term of the option for input into an option-pricing model. We estimate the term using historical data and peer data. We recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We have elected to use the simplified method to calculate the beginning pool of excess tax benefits.

We have employee and director stock option plans that are more fully described in Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus the results of certain stockholders’ equity changes, which are comprised of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and cumulative translation adjustments, not reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.

Comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Consolidated net loss

   $ (139,557   $ (175,570   $ (111,022

Increase/(decrease) in net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities

     155        (185 )     514   

Reclassification for unrealized (gains) losses on marketable securities recognized in earnings

     —          (314      28   

Decrease in cumulative translation adjustment

     —          —          (162

Reclassification adjustment for the cumulative translation adjustment upon the sale of Artemis Pharmaceuticals

     —          —          (1,026
                        

Comprehensive loss

     (139,402     (176,069     (111,668

Comprehensive loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest

     4,337        12,716        24,641   
                        

Comprehensive loss attributable to Exelixis

   $ (135,065   $ (163,353   $ (87,027
                        

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income is as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2009    2008    2007

Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities

   $ 155    $ —      $ 499
                    

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   $ 155    $ —      $ 499
                    

 

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple Deliverable Revenue Arrangements – A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force.” This update provides application guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the deliverables should be separated and how the consideration should be allocated to one or more units of accounting. This update establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable. The selling price used for each deliverable will be based on vendor-specific objective evidence, if available, third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available, or estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific or third-party evidence is available. We expect to adopt this guidance prospectively from January 1, 2011. We are assessing the impact of this guidance on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

NOTE 2. DISPOSITIONS

Sale of Plant Trait Business

On September 4, 2007, we entered into an asset purchase and license agreement, or APA, with Agrigenetics, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company, or Agrigenetics. Under the terms of the APA, we sold to Agrigenetics a major portion of our assets used for crop trait discovery, including a facility, and granted to Agrigenetics licenses to certain other related assets and intellectual property. As consideration for these assets and licenses, Agrigenetics paid us $18.0 million upon execution and $4.5 million in September 2008, for an aggregate of $22.5 million. Under the APA, we have agreed to indemnify Agrigenetics and its affiliates up to a specified amount if they incur damages due to any infringement or alleged infringement of certain patents.

Concurrently with the execution of the APA, we also entered into a contract research agreement, or the CRA, with Agrigenetics. Agrigenetics has agreed to pay us up to $24.7 million in research and development funding over the term of the CRA. The research funding will cover employee costs, facilities expenses and capital expenditures. After September 4, 2007, the closing date for the transaction, the research and development funding to be received over the term of the CRA will be recognized as a reduction to expenses incurred by us in connection with our performance under the CRA. In addition to the $22.5 million consideration above, in September 2008, we received $4.5 million from Agrigenetics as contingent consideration upon development of a designated additional asset. In the second quarter of 2009, we signed an amendment to this arrangement for which we received $1.8 million in July 2009. We recognized these payments as additional gain on the sale of the business. We are also entitled to receive additional payments of up to $7.2 million from Agrigenetics if we achieve specified development milestones, which will also be recorded as adjustments to the 2007 gain, in the period that they are achieved. In November 2009 we received $0.4 million for the purchase of leasehold improvements and recognized an additional net gain on the sale of the business of approximately $0.3 million.

The term of the CRA is five years and is scheduled to end in 2012, unless earlier terminated. Agrigenetics may terminate the CRA if development of any of the three designated assets is not completed within specified research periods or if we fail to cure a material breach within specified time periods. Following development of the second designated asset, either party may terminate the CRA upon expiration of a specified notice period. In the event that the CRA is terminated prior to the end of the term, we will receive less than the maximum amount of research and development funding described above.

The transaction was accounted for as a sale of our plant trait business and we initially recognized a gain of $18.8 million, net of $0.2 million in transaction costs. The gain primarily consists of a purchase price of $22.5 million, less a net book value of $0.3 million of property and equipment, $2.1 million of intangible assets

 

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(acquired patents) and the derecognition of $1.4 million of goodwill. We allocated goodwill to the disposed business based on the relative fair value of our plant trait business to Exelixis (excluding the value of the Artemis Pharmaceuticals reporting unit) on September 4, 2007, the closing date for the transaction.

Artemis Pharmaceuticals

On November 20, 2007 (the “Taconic Closing Date”), we entered into a share sale and transfer agreement with Taconic Farms, Inc., or Taconic, pursuant to which Taconic acquired from Exelixis, for $19.8 million in cash, 80.1% of the outstanding share capital in our wholly-owned subsidiary, Artemis, located in Cologne, Germany. Artemis’ activities are directed toward providing transgenic mouse generation services, tools and related licenses to the industrial and academic community. In December 2008, we recognized an additional $70,000 purchase price adjustment resulting in additional gain on the 2007 sale of Artemis.

We also entered into a Shareholders’ Agreement and amended articles of association that govern the relationship between Exelixis and Taconic as shareholders of Artemis, particularly with respect to matters of corporate governance and the transfer of their respective ownership interests. The Shareholders’ Agreement provides that we may require Taconic to purchase our remaining 19.9% interest in Artemis (the “Minority Interest”) between 2010 and 2015 or in the event of a change in control of Taconic, and that Taconic may require us to sell our Minority Interest to Taconic between 2013 and 2015 or in the event of a change in control of Exelixis, in each case subject to certain conditions set forth in the shareholders’ agreement. The amended articles of association provide for the establishment of a shareholders’ committee, in which we participate based on our 19.9% ownership, to assist in the management of Artemis.

The sale of 80.1% of Artemis was accounted for as a sale of a business. We recognized a gain of $18.1 million, net of $1.6 million in transaction costs. The gain primarily consists of cash received of $19.8 million, plus $2.5 million relating to the elimination of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment and the elimination of net liabilities, less $0.3 million of intangible assets (acquired patents) and derecognition of $2.3 million of goodwill. In December 2008, we received a final purchase price adjustment of approximately $0.1 million which we recognized as additional gain on sale. As we believe we have significant influence over the operations of Artemis through our rights under the Shareholders’ Agreement and the amended articles of association, we will account for our remaining 19.9% equity interest in Artemis under the equity method of accounting. We will subsequently adjust our investment balance to recognize our share of future Artemis earnings or losses after the Taconic Closing Date. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the carrying value of our investment in Artemis was approximately $665,000 and $151,000 respectively. We recognized approximately $514,000 and $121,000 in annual income as a result of our 19.9% equity interest in 2009 and 2008, respectively.

Prior to our sale of Artemis, our consolidated financial statements included Artemis’ revenues and net income (loss) after the effect of all intercompany eliminations are as follows (in thousands):

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31, 2007

Revenues

   $ 11,234

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,210

 

(1) The revenues and net income for the year ended December 31, 2007 only include revenues through November 20, 2007, the Closing Date.

 

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NOTE 3. RESEARCH AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS

sanofi-aventis

On May 27, 2009, we entered into a global license agreement with sanofi-aventis for XL147 and XL765, and a broad collaboration for the discovery of inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (“PI3K”) for the treatment of cancer. The license agreement and collaboration agreement became effective on July 7, 2009. The effectiveness of the license and collaboration, on July 20, 2009, triggered upfront payments of $140.0 million ($120.0 million for the license and $20.0 million for the collaboration), which we received during the third quarter of fiscal 2009.

Under the license agreement, sanofi-aventis received a worldwide exclusive license to XL147 and XL765, which are currently in phase 1, phase 1b/2 and phase 2 clinical trials, and has sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities. It is expected that we will continue to participate in the conduct of ongoing and potential future clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Sanofi-aventis is responsible for funding all future development activities with respect to XL147 and XL765, including our activities. Under the collaboration agreement, the parties are combining efforts in establishing several preclinical PI3K programs and jointly share responsibility for research and preclinical activities related to isoform-selective inhibitors of PI3K-a and -b. Sanofi-aventis will provide us with guaranteed annual research and development funding during the research term and is responsible for funding all development activities for each product following approval of the investigational new drug application filed with the applicable regulatory authorities for such product. Sanofi-aventis will have sole responsibility for all subsequent clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities of any products arising from the collaboration; however, we may be requested to conduct certain clinical trials at sanofi-aventis’ expense. The research term under the collaboration is three years, although sanofi-aventis has the right to extend the term for an additional one-year period upon prior written notice.

In addition to the aggregate upfront cash payments for the license and collaboration agreements, we are entitled to receive guaranteed research funding of $21.0 million over three years to cover certain of our costs under the collaboration agreement. For both the license and the collaboration combined, we will be eligible to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestones of over $1.0 billion in the aggregate, as well as royalties on sales of any products commercialized under the license or collaboration. The aggregate upfront payments of $140.0 million will be recognized over the estimated research and development term of four years, and recorded as license revenue, from the effective date of the agreements. For the period ended December 31, 2009, we recognized $16.9 million in license revenue related to such upfront payments. Any milestone payments that we may receive under the agreements will be amortized over the remaining research and development term and recorded as contract revenue. We will record as operating expenses all costs incurred for work performed by us under the agreements. Reimbursements we receive from sanofi-aventis under the agreements will be recorded as contract revenue as earned, commencing as of the effective date, including reimbursements for costs incurred under the license from the date of signing. In addition, the guaranteed research funding that we expect to receive over the three year research term under the collaboration will be recorded as contract revenue commencing as of the effective date of the collaboration. For the period ended December 31, 2009, we recognized $29.9 million in contract revenue related to cost reimbursement and guaranteed research funding.

Sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the license as to products containing XL147 or XL765. In the event of such termination election, sanofi-aventis’ license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

 

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The collaboration will automatically terminate under certain circumstances upon the expiration of the research term, in which case all licenses granted by the parties to each other would terminate and revert to the respective party, subject to sanofi-aventis’ right to receive, under certain circumstances, the first opportunity to obtain a license from us to any isoform-selective PI3K inhibitor. In addition, sanofi-aventis may, upon certain prior written notice to us, terminate the collaboration in whole or as to certain products following expiration of the research term, in which case we would receive, subject to certain terms, conditions and potential payment obligations by us, licenses from sanofi-aventis to research, develop and commercialize such products.

Boehringer Ingelheim

On May 7, 2009, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (“Boehringer Ingelheim”) to discover, develop and commercialize products that consist of agonists of the sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor (“S1P1R”), a central mediator of multiple pathways implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases.

Under the terms of the agreement, Boehringer Ingelheim paid us an upfront cash payment of $15.0 million for the development and commercialization rights to our S1P1R agonist program. We share responsibility for discovery activities under the collaboration. The agreement provides that the parties will each conduct research under a mutually agreed upon research plan until such time that we submit a compound that has met agreed-upon criteria, or such later time as agreed upon by the parties. The parties are responsible for their respective costs and expenses incurred in connection with performing research under the collaboration. Under the collaboration, Boehringer Ingelheim also has the right, at its own expense, to conduct additional research on S1P1R agonists outside of the scope of the research plan agreed to by the parties. The agreement further provides that Boehringer Ingelheim will receive an exclusive worldwide license to further develop, commercialize and manufacture compounds developed under the collaboration and will have sole responsibility for, and shall bear all costs and expenses associated with, all subsequent preclinical, clinical, regulatory, commercial and manufacturing activities. In return, we will potentially receive up to $339.0 million in further development, regulatory and commercial milestones and are eligible to receive royalties on worldwide sales of products commercialized under the collaboration. The upfront payment will be recognized ratably over the estimated research term of approximately 11 months and recorded as license revenue from the effective date of the agreement. For the period ended December 31, 2009, we recognized $10.8 million in license revenue under this agreement.

Boehringer Ingelheim may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the agreement as to any product developed under the collaboration. In the event of such termination election, Boehringer Ingelheim’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Boehringer Ingelheim to research, develop and commercialize such product.

Bristol-Myers Squibb

2008 Cancer Collaboration

In December 2008, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184 and XL281. Upon effectiveness of the agreement in December 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb made an upfront cash payment of $195.0 million for the development and commercialization rights to both programs. The agreement required Bristol-Myers Squibb to make additional license payments to us of $45.0 million, which were received during 2009.

 

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We and Bristol-Myers Squibb have agreed to co-develop XL184, and potentially a backup program for XL184. The companies will share worldwide (except for Japan) development costs for XL184. We are responsible for 35% of such costs and Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for 65% of such costs, except that we are responsible for funding the initial $100.0 million of combined costs and have the option to defer payments for development costs above certain thresholds. In return, we will share 50% of the commercial profits and losses (including pre-launch commercialization expenses) in the United States and have the option to co-promote XL184 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan. We have the right to defer payment for certain early commercialization and other related costs above certain thresholds. We are eligible to receive sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on sales on XL184 outside the United States. The clinical development of XL184 is directed by a joint committee. It is anticipated that we will continue to conduct certain clinical development activities for XL184. We may opt out of the co-development for XL184, in which case we would instead be eligible to receive development and regulatory milestones of up to $295.0 million, double-digit royalties on XL184 product sales worldwide and sales performance milestones. Our co-development and co-promotion rights may be terminated in the event that we have “cash reserves” below $80.0 million and we are unable to increase such cash reserves to $80.0 million or more within 90 days, in which case we would receive development and regulatory milestones, sales milestones and double-digit royalties instead of sharing product profits on XL184 in the United States. For purposes of the agreement, “cash reserves” includes our total cash, cash equivalents and investments (excluding any restricted cash), plus the amount then available for borrowing by us under certain financing arrangements. Our co-promotion rights on XL184 in the United States, and possibly our right to share product profits on XL184, may be terminated in the event we undergo certain change of control transactions. Bristol-Myers Squibb may, upon certain prior notice to us, terminate the agreement as to products containing XL184 or XL281. In the event of such termination election, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb to research, develop and commercialize such products.

Bristol-Myers Squibb received an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize XL281. We will carry out certain clinical trials of XL281 which may include a backup program on XL281. Bristol-Myers Squibb is responsible for funding all future development of XL281, including our activities. We are eligible for development and regulatory milestones of up to $315.0 million, sales performance milestones of up to $150.0 million and double-digit royalties on worldwide sales of XL281.

The upfront payment of $195.0 million we received upon effectiveness of the collaboration agreement and the license payments of $20.0 million and $25.0 million we received on April 1, 2009 and on July 1, 2009, respectively, will be recognized ratably over the estimated development term of five years, and recorded as license revenue, from the effective date of the agreement in December 2008. Any milestone payments that we may receive under the agreement will be recognized ratably over the remaining development term but recorded as contract revenue. We will record as operating expense 100% of the cost incurred for work performed by Exelixis on the two programs. During the term of the collaboration, so long as we have not opted out of the co-development of XL184, there may be periods during which Bristol-Myers Squibb will partially reimburse us for certain research and development expenses, and other periods during which we will owe Bristol-Myers Squibb for research and development expenses that Bristol-Myers Squibb incurred on joint development projects, less amounts reimbursable to us by Bristol-Myers Squibb on these projects. To the extent that net research and development funding payments are received from Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration revenue. In periods when net research and development funding payments are payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, these payments will be presented as collaboration cost sharing expense. Net amounts due from or payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb will be determined and reflected on an annual basis. For the year ending December 31, 2009, we incurred a net payable to Bristol-Myers Squibb. Generally, the direction of cash flows

 

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will depend on the level of development activity by either party, which may change during the development term. Our capital requirements will be impacted by the level of our expenses for the development activity conducted by us and the degree to which we will be required to make payments to, or we will receive payments from, Bristol- Myers Squibb. If we opt out of the co-development of XL184, we would have no further unreimbursed cost obligations with respect to that compound.

Amounts attributable to both programs under the 2008 Bristol-Myers Squibb collaboration agreement consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31
     2009(2)     2008(3)    2007

Exelixis research and development expenses(1)

   $ 52,148      $ 1,106    $ —  

Net amount (owed to) due from collaboration partner

   $ (4,582   $ 320    $ —  

 

(1) Total research and development expenses attributable to us include direct third party expenditures plus estimated internal personnel costs.
(2) The net amount due from the collaborative partner is classified as a reduction in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2009.
(3) Total expenses and collaboration amounts are calculated as of the effective date of the agreement of December 18, 2008.

2007 Cancer Collaboration

In December 2006, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb, which became effective in January 2007, to discover, develop and commercialize novel targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. We are responsible for discovery and preclinical development of small molecule drug candidates directed against mutually selected targets. In January 2007, Bristol-Myers Squibb made an upfront payment of $60.0 million to us for which we granted Bristol-Myers Squibb the right to select up to three IND candidates from six future Exelixis compounds. We are recognizing the upfront payment as revenue over the estimated research term, which is expected to end in September 2011.

For each IND candidate selected, we are entitled to receive a $20.0 million selection milestone from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Once selected, Bristol-Myers Squibb will lead the further development and commercialization of the selected IND candidates. In addition, we have the right to opt in to co-promote the selected IND candidates, in which case we will equally share all development costs and profits in the United States. If we opt-in, we will be responsible for 35% of all development costs related to clinical trials intended to support regulatory approval in both the United States and the rest of the world (except for Japan), with the remaining 65% and all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan to be paid by Bristol-Myers Squibb. We have the right to defer payment for certain development costs above certain thresholds. If we do not opt in to co-promote the selected IND candidates, we would be entitled to receive milestones and royalties in lieu of profits from sales in the United States. Outside of the United States, Bristol-Myers Squibb will have primary responsibility for development activities and we will be entitled to receive royalties on product sales. After exercising its co-development option, Bristol-Myers Squibb may, upon notice to us, terminate the agreement as to any product containing or comprising the selected candidate. In the event of such termination election, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s license relating to such product would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb to research, develop and commercialize certain collaboration compounds that were discovered.

 

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In January 2008 and November 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb exercised its option under the collaboration to develop and commercialize XL139 and XL413, respectively. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, the selection of XL139 and XL413 by Bristol-Myers Squibb entitled us to a milestone payment of $20.0 million each, which we received in February 2008 and December 2008, respectively. In addition, we exercised our option under the collaboration agreement to co-develop and co-commercialize each of XL139 and XL413 in the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb is leading all global activities with respect to XL139 and XL413. The parties will co-develop and co-commercialize each of XL139 and XL413 in the United States and expect to, subject to exercising our co-promotion option, share those profits 50/50. The parties will share U.S. commercialization expenses 50/50 and we will be responsible for 35% of global (except for Japan) development costs, with the remaining 65% and all costs intended to support regulatory approval in Japan to be paid by Bristol-Myers Squibb. We have the right to defer payment for certain development costs above certain thresholds. We will be entitled to receive double-digit royalties on product sales outside of the United States.

LXR Collaboration

In December 2005, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb for the discovery, development and commercialization of novel therapies targeted against LXR, a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This agreement became effective in January 2006, at which time we granted Bristol-Myers Squibb an exclusive, worldwide license with respect to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate LXR. During the research term, we jointly identified drug candidates with Bristol-Myers Squibb that were ready for IND-enabling studies. After the selection of a drug candidate for further clinical development by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bristol-Myers Squibb agreed to be solely responsible for further preclinical development as well as clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and sales/marketing activities for the selected drug candidate. We do not have rights to reacquire the selected drug candidates selected by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The research term expired in January 2010 and we are currently conducting a technology transfer to enable Bristol-Myers Squibb to continue the LXR program.

Under the collaboration agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $17.5 million and was obligated to provide research and development funding of $10.0 million per year for an initial research period of two years. In September 2007, the collaboration was extended at Bristol-Myers Squibb’s request through January 12, 2009, and in November 2008, the collaboration was further extended at Bristol-Myers Squibb’s request through January 12, 2010. Under the collaboration agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb is required to pay us development and regulatory milestones of up to $140.0 million per product for up to two products from the collaboration. In addition, we are also entitled to receive sales milestones and royalties on sales of any products commercialized under the collaboration. In connection with the extension of the collaboration through January 2009, and subsequently January 2010, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us additional research funding of approximately $7.7 million and approximately $5.8 million, respectively. In December 2007, we received $5.0 million for achieving a development milestone.

2001 Cancer Collaboration

In July 2001, we entered into a cancer collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Under the terms of the collaboration, Bristol-Myers Squibb paid us a $5.0 million upfront license fee and agreed to provide us with $3.0 million per year in research funding for a minimum of three years. In December 2003, the cancer collaboration was extended until January 2007, at which time Bristol-Myers Squibb elected to continue the collaboration until it expired in July 2009. The goal of the extension was to increase the total number and degree of validation of cancer targets that we will deliver to Bristol-Myers Squibb. Each company maintains the option

 

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to obtain exclusive worldwide rights to equal numbers of validated targets arising from the collaboration. Under the terms of the extended collaboration, Bristol-Myers Squibb provided us with an upfront payment and agreed to provide increased annual research funding and milestones on certain cancer targets arising from the collaboration that progress through specified stages of validation. We will also be entitled to receive milestones on compounds in the event of successful clinical and regulatory events and royalties on commercialized products.

Genentech

MEK Collaboration

In December 2006, we entered into a worldwide co-development agreement with Genentech for the development and commercialization of XL518, a small-molecule inhibitor of MEK. Genentech paid upfront and milestone payments of $25.0 million in December 2006 and $15.0 million in January 2007 upon signing of the co-development agreement and with the submission of an IND for XL518.

Under the terms of the co-development agreement, we were responsible for developing XL518 through the end of a phase 1 clinical trial, and Genentech had the option to co-develop XL518, which Genentech could exercise after receipt of certain phase 1 data from us. In March 2008, Genentech exercised its option, triggering a payment to us of $3.0 million, which we received in April 2008. We were responsible for the phase 1 clinical trial until the point that a maximum tolerated dose, or MTD, was determined. After MTD was achieved, we granted to Genentech an exclusive worldwide revenue-bearing license to XL518 in March 2009 and Genentech is responsible for completing the phase 1 clinical trial and subsequent clinical development. Genentech is responsible for all further development costs of XL518 and we will share equally in the U.S. commercialization costs. On an annual basis, we are entitled to an initial equal share of U.S. profits and losses, which will decrease as sales increase, and we are also entitled to royalties on non-U.S. sales. We also have the option to co-promote in the United States. Genentech has the right to terminate the agreement without cause at any time. If Genentech terminates the co-development agreement without cause, all licenses that were granted to Genentech under the agreement terminate and revert to us. Additionally, we would receive, subject to certain conditions, licenses from Genentech to research, develop and commercialize reverted product candidates.

Cancer Collaboration

In May 2005, we established a collaboration agreement with Genentech to discover and develop therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and tissue growth and repair. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, we granted to Genentech a license to certain intellectual property. Genentech paid us a nonrefundable upfront license payment and was obligated to provide research and development funding over the three-year research term, totaling $16.0 million. The upfront license payment and the research and development funding are being recognized as revenue over the research term.

Under the collaboration agreement, Genentech had primary responsibility in the field of cancer for research and development activities as well as rights for commercialization of any products. In the fields of inflammatory disease and in the fields of tissue growth and repair, we had primary responsibility for research activities. In May 2008, the research term under the collaboration expired, at which time we had the option to elect to share a portion of the costs and profits associated with the development, manufacturing and commercialization of products in one of the fields. In June 2008, we elected to share a portion of the costs and profits associated with the development, manufacturing and commercialization of a therapeutic to treat tissue growth and repair. For all products under the collaboration agreement that were not elected as cost or profit sharing products, we may receive milestone and royalty payments.

 

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Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited

In March 2006, Exelixis and Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited entered into a collaboration agreement for the discovery, development and commercialization of novel therapies targeted against Mineralocorticoid Receptor (“MR”), a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted to Daiichi-Sankyo an exclusive, worldwide license to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate MR. Daiichi-Sankyo is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds and we do not have rights to reacquire such compounds, except as described below.

Daiichi-Sankyo paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $20.0 million and was obligated to provide research and development funding of $3.8 million over a 15-month research term through June 2007. The upfront payment and research and development funding will be recognized as revenue over the initial 15-month research term, which commenced on April 1, 2006. In June 2007, our collaboration agreement with Daiichi-Sankyo was amended to extend the research term by six months over which Daiichi-Sankyo was required to provide $1.5 million in research and development funding. In November 2007, the parties decided not to further extend the research term. For each product from the collaboration, we are also entitled to receive payments upon attainment of pre-specified development, regulatory and commercialization milestones. In addition, we are also entitled to receive royalties on any sales of certain products commercialized under the collaboration. Daiichi-Sankyo may terminate the agreement upon 90 days’ written notice in which case Daiichi-Sankyo’s payment obligations would cease, its license relating to compounds that modulate MR would terminate and revert to us, and we would receive, subject to certain terms and conditions, licenses from Daiichi-Sankyo to research, develop and commercialize compounds that were discovered under the agreement.

Pfizer (formerly Wyeth Pharmaceuticals)

In December 2005, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer related to compounds targeting Farnesoid X Receptor (“FXR”), a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in a variety of metabolic and liver disorders. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted to Pfizer an exclusive, worldwide license with respect to certain intellectual property primarily relating to compounds that modulate FXR. Pfizer paid us a nonrefundable upfront payment in the amount of $10.0 million and we received $4.5 million in November 2006 for achieving a development milestone. In November 2007, Pfizer paid us $2.5 million for achieving a second development milestone. Pfizer is obligated to pay additional development and commercialization milestones of up to $140.5 million as well as royalties on sales of any products commercialized by Pfizer under the agreement. Substantially all the upfront and November 2006 milestone payments were recognized as revenue in 2006. In addition, the November 2007 milestone payment was recognized as revenue when the development milestone was achieved. Pfizer is responsible for all further preclinical and clinical development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for the compounds. Subject to certain terms and conditions, Pfizer has the option to terminate the license agreement.

GlaxoSmithKline

In October 2002, we established a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline to discover and develop novel therapeutics in the areas of vascular biology, inflammatory disease and oncology. The collaboration involved three agreements: (1) a product development and commercialization agreement (2) a stock purchase and stock issuance agreement; and (3) a loan and security agreement. During the term of the collaboration, we received $65.0 million in upfront and milestone payments, $85.0 million in research and development funding and loans

 

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in the principal amount of $85.0 million. In connection with the collaboration, GlaxoSmithKline purchased a total of three million shares of our common stock.

In October 2008, the development term under the collaboration concluded as scheduled. Under the terms of the collaboration, GlaxoSmithKline had the right to select up to two of the compounds in the collaboration for further development and commercialization. GlaxoSmithKline selected XL880 and had the right to choose one additional compound from a pool of compounds, which consisted of XL184, XL281, XL228, XL820 and XL844 as of the end of the development term. For periods prior to the quarter ended June 30, 2008, revenues from upfront payments, premiums paid on equity purchases and milestones had been recognized assuming that the development term would be extended through the longest contractual period of October 27, 2010. However, as a result of the development term concluding on the earliest scheduled end date, the remaining deferred revenues was recognized through October 27, 2008. The change in the estimated development term increased our total revenues by $18.5 million or $0.17 per share for the period ended December 31, 2008.

In July 2008, we achieved proof-of-concept for XL184 and submitted the corresponding data report to GlaxoSmithKline. GlaxoSmithKline notified us in writing that it decided not to select XL184 for further development and commercialization and that it waived its right to select XL281, XL228, XL820 and XL844 for further development and commercialization. As a result, Exelixis retained the rights to develop, commercialize, and/or license all of the compounds, subject to payment to GSK of a 3% royalty on net sales of any product incorporating XL184. As described under “ – Bristol-Myers Squibb – 2008 Cancer Collaboration,” in December 2008, we entered into a worldwide collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb for XL184 and XL281. We discontinued development of XL820 and XL844 in December 2008.

The $85.0 million loan we received from GlaxoSmithKline bears interest at a rate of 4.0% per annum and is secured by certain intellectual property, technology and equipment created or utilized pursuant to the collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under our GlaxoSmithKline loan was $70.8 million, after giving effect to a cash payment we made to GlaxoSmithKline of $34.7 million on October 27, 2009 for the first of three annual installments of principal and accrued interest due under the loan. The second and third installments of principal and accrued interest under the loan are due on October 27, 2010 and October 27, 2011, respectively. Repayment of all or any of the amounts advanced to us under the loan agreement may, at our election, be in the form of our common stock at fair market value, subject to certain conditions, or cash.

NOTE 4. SYMPHONY EVOLUTION

On June 9, 2005 (the “Symphony Closing Date”), we entered into a series of related agreements providing for the financing of the clinical development of XL784, XL647 and XL999 (the “Programs”). Pursuant to the agreements, Symphony Evolution, Inc. (“SEI”) invested $80.0 million to fund the clinical development of these Programs and we licensed to SEI our intellectual property rights related to these Programs. SEI is a wholly owned subsidiary of Symphony Evolution Holdings LLC (“Holdings”), which provided $40.0 million in funding to SEI at closing, and an additional $40.0 million in June 2006. Pursuant to the agreements, we issued to Holdings a five-year warrant to purchase 750,000 shares of our common stock at $8.90 per share in June 2005. We issued an additional five-year warrant to purchase 750,000 shares of our common stock at $8.90 per share in connection with the additional $40.0 million in funding in June 2006. As part of the agreement, we also received an exclusive purchase option to acquire all of the equity of SEI, thereby allowing us to reacquire XL647, XL784 and XL999 at our sole discretion. The purchase option expired on June 9, 2009. As a result of the expiration of the purchase option, we issued a third warrant to Symphony Evolution Holdings LLC to purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.05 per share with a five-year term.

 

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The expiration of the purchase option triggered a reconsideration event regarding our need to consolidate SEI, a variable interest entity. Upon the expiration of the purchase option, we no longer held a variable interest in the variable interest entity. Accordingly, we deconsolidated SEI and derecognized the SEI assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest from our financial statements. In the second quarter, we recognized a loss of $9.8 million upon the deconsolidation of the variable interest entity. For the period prior to the expiration of the purchase option, we concluded that SEI was a variable interest entity for which we were the primary beneficiary. As a result, we included the financial condition and results of operations of SEI in our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, we had deducted the losses attributable to the noncontrolling interest in SEI from our net loss in the consolidated statement of operations and we also reduced the noncontrolling interest holders’ ownership interest in SEI in the consolidated balance sheet by SEI’s losses. The noncontrolling interest holders’ ownership in the consolidated balance sheet was $0.7 million as of December 31, 2008. Prior to 2009, we would not allocate losses to the noncontrolling interest in SEI such that the carrying value of the noncontrolling interest would be reduced below zero. However, with the adoption of updated reporting standards for noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009, we would allocate losses to the noncontrolling interest in SEI such that the noncontrolling interest could have a negative carrying value. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the losses attributed to the noncontrolling interest holders were $4.3 million, $12.7 million and $24.6 million, respectively.

NOTE 5. DEERFIELD CREDIT FACILITY

On June 4, 2008, we entered into a Facility Agreement with Deerfield Private Design Fund, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International, L.P., Deerfield Partners, L.P. and Deerfield International Limited (collectively, the “Deerfield Entities”), pursuant to which the Deerfield Entities agreed to loan to us up to $150.0 million. We had the right to draw down on the loan facility through December 4, 2009, with any amounts drawn being due on June 4, 2013. The Facility Agreement was terminated in November 2009. As a result of the termination, we incurred a $5.2 million charge to interest expense relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs. We did not draw on the Facility Agreement at any time prior to its termination. Pursuant to the Facility Agreement, we paid the Deerfield Entities a one time transaction fee of $3.8 million, or 2.5% of the loan facility. In addition, we were obligated to pay an annual commitment fee of $3.4 million, that was payable quarterly and was recognized as interest expense as incurred. Pursuant to the Facility Agreement, we issued six-year warrants to the Deerfield Entities to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share.

Warrants issued upon execution of the Facility Agreement were assigned a value of $3.4 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The related assumptions were as follows: risk-free interest rate of 3.41%, expected life of six years, volatility of 62% and expected dividend yield of 0%.

 

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NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Laboratory equipment

   $ 73,901      $ 71,914   

Computer equipment and software

     26,290        24,420   <