sv3
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2008
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Apartment Investment and Management Company
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Maryland |
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84-1259577 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization
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Identification No.) |
4582 South Ulster Street Parkway, Suite 1100
Denver, Colorado 80237
(303) 757-8101
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Lisa R. Cohn
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
4582 South Ulster Street Parkway, Suite 1100
Denver, Colorado 80237
(303) 757-8101
(Name, address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
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Joseph A. Coco
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Jonathan L. Friedman |
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
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Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP |
4 Times Square
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300 South Grand Avenue |
New York, New York 10036
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Los Angeles, California 90071 |
(212) 735-3000
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(213) 687-5000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this
registration statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: o
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: þ
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box: o
If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to
General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of
securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box: o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,
a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer þ
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Accelerated filer o
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Non-accelerated filer o
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Smaller reporting company o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed |
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Proposed |
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maximum |
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maximum |
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Amount of |
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Title of each class of |
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Amount to be |
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offering price per |
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aggregate |
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registration |
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securities to be registered |
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registered |
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unit (1) |
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offering price |
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fee |
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Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
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1,847,112 shares
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$
36.475
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$
67,373,410
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$
2,648 |
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(1) |
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Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based on the
average of the high and low prices of the common stock as reported on the New York Stock
Exchange on April 15, 2008. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be
necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in
accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the Registration Statement shall
become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these
securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an
offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 18, 2008
PROSPECTUS
Apartment Investment and Management Company
1,847,112 Shares of Class A Common Stock
Apartment Investment and Management Company is a self-administered and self-managed real
estate investment trust engaged in the acquisition, ownership, management and redevelopment of
apartment properties.
This Prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by certain stockholders of
shares of Class A Common Stock. The registration of the shares does not necessarily mean that any
of the shares will be offered or sold by the selling stockholders. We will receive no proceeds from
any sales of the shares, but will incur expenses in connection with the offering. See Selling
Stockholders and Plan of Distribution.
The selling stockholders may sell the Class A Common Stock offered hereby from time to time on
the New York Stock Exchange or such other national securities exchange or automated interdealer
quotation system on which shares of Class A Common Stock are then listed or quoted, through
negotiated transactions or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of the sale or at
negotiated prices.
The Class A Common Stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
AIV. On April 17, 2008, the closing sale price of the
Class A Common Stock on the NYSE was $37.42 per share.
Investing in the Class A Common Stock involves certain risks. See Risk Factors beginning on
page 2.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is April 18, 2008
APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated
on January 10, 1994. We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or
REIT, engaged in the acquisition, ownership, management and redevelopment of apartment properties.
As of December 31, 2007, we owned or managed a real estate portfolio of 1,169 apartment properties
containing 203,040 apartment units located in 46 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Based on apartment unit data compiled by the National Multi Housing Council, as of January 1, 2008,
we were the largest owner and operator of apartment properties in the United States. Our portfolio
includes garden style, mid-rise and high-rise properties.
We own an equity interest in, and consolidate the majority of, the properties in our owned
real estate portfolio. These properties represent the consolidated real estate holdings in our
financial statements, which we refer to as consolidated properties. In addition, we have an equity
interest in, but do not consolidate for financial statement purposes, certain properties that are
accounted for under the equity or cost methods. These properties represent our investment in
unconsolidated real estate partnerships in our financial statements, which we refer to as
unconsolidated properties. Additionally, we provide property management and asset management
services to certain properties, and in certain cases we may indirectly own generally less than one
percent of the operations of such properties through a partnership syndication or other fund. Our
equity holdings and managed properties are as follows as of December 31, 2007:
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Total Portfolio |
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Properties |
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Units |
Consolidated properties |
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657 |
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153,758 |
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Unconsolidated properties |
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94 |
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10,878 |
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Property management |
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36 |
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3,228 |
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Asset management |
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382 |
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35,176 |
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Total |
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1,169 |
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203,040 |
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Through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP, Inc., we own a majority of
the ownership interests in AIMCO Properties, L.P., which we refer to as the Aimco Operating
Partnership. As of December 31, 2007, we held an interest of approximately 91% in the common
partnership units and equivalents of the Aimco Operating Partnership. We conduct substantially all
of our business and own substantially all of our assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership.
Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are
referred to as OP Units. OP Units include common OP Units, partnership preferred units, or
preferred OP Units, and high performance partnership units, or High Performance Units. Generally
after a holding period of twelve months, holders of common OP Units may redeem such units for cash
or, at the Aimco Operating Partnerships option, Aimco Class A Common Stock, which we refer to as Common Stock. At December 31, 2007,
we had 92,795,891 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding and the Aimco Operating
Partnership had 9,682,619 common OP Units and equivalents outstanding for a combined total of
102,478,510 shares of Class A Common Stock and OP Units outstanding (excluding preferred OP Units).
Since our initial public offering in July 1994, we have completed numerous transactions,
including purchases of properties and interests in entities that own or manage properties,
expanding our portfolio of owned or managed properties from 132 properties with 29,343 apartment
units to a peak of over 2,100 properties with 379,000 apartment units. As of December 31, 2007,
our portfolio of owned and/or managed properties consists of 1,169 properties with 203,040
apartment units.
Except as the context otherwise requires, we, our, us and the Company refer to Aimco,
the Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated entities, collectively. Our principal
executive offices are located at 4582 South Ulster Street Parkway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado
80237 and our telephone number is (303) 757-8101.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves various risks. You should carefully consider the risks,
uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Risk Factors in Item 1A of our Annual Report on
Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on February 29, 2008, which
is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and which may be amended, supplemented or
superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future, including
Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds upon any sale of Class A Common Stock by the selling
stockholders.
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
This prospectus relates to periodic offers and sales of up to 1,847,112 shares of Class A
Common Stock by the selling stockholders listed and described below and their pledgees, donees and
other successors in interest (collectively, the Selling Stockholders). The following table sets
forth certain information with respect to the Selling Stockholders and their beneficial ownership
of shares of Class A Common Stock as of the date hereof. Except as indicated below, none of the
Selling Stockholders holds any position, office or has had any other material relationship with us,
or any of our predecessors or affiliates, during the past three years. Except as otherwise
indicated, the shares owned by each Selling Stockholder (or group of Selling Stockholders) listed
in the table below represent less than 1% of the shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of
February 25, 2008. Because the Selling Stockholders may sell some or all of the shares offered
hereby, and because there are currently no agreements, arrangements or understandings with respect
to the sale of any of such shares, no estimate can be given as to the number of shares that will be
held by the Selling Stockholders upon termination of any offering made hereby. In addition, the
Selling Stockholders may have previously sold some or all of the shares set forth opposite their
name in the table below.
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Shares Owned |
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Shares Offered |
Selling Stockholder |
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Prior to Offering |
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Hereby |
Terry Considine (1) |
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3,442,979 |
(2) |
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1,621,134 |
(3) |
Elizabeth C. Considine (4)(1) |
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237,287 |
(5) |
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4,846 |
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Considine Investment Co. (6)(1) |
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301,852 |
(7) |
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7,436 |
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Considine Family Foundation (8)(1) |
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158,620 |
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9,657 |
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Titaho Limited Partnership RLLLP (9)(1) |
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3,414,759 |
(10) |
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62,247 |
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Titahotwo Limited Partnership RLLLP (11)(1) |
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1,275,317 |
(12) |
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77,517 |
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Donald M. Boardman |
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277 |
(13) |
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277 |
(13) |
HFIC Inc. |
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8,586 |
(13) |
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8,586 |
(13) |
Certain persons and entities who
acquired common OP Units in 2007 |
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55,412 |
(13) |
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55,412 |
(13) |
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Terry Considine is the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of
Aimco. |
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Includes 510,452 shares issuable in exchange for common OP Units; and 2,733,770 shares
issuable upon exercise of stock options (1,297,384 of which are exercisable within 60
days). Does not include 318 shares held by trusts as to which Mr. Considine acts as
trustee but as to which Mr. Considine disclaims beneficial ownership. The shares indicated
represent approximately 3.8% of the shares outstanding at February 25, 2008. |
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Includes 1,609,033 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options (379,881 of which are
exercisable within 60 days). |
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Elizabeth C. Considine is the wife of Terry Considine. |
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Includes 157,698 shares issuable in exchange for common OP Units. |
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Terry Considine is the President and sole stockholder of Considine Investment Co. |
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Includes 179,735 shares issuable in exchange for common OP Units. |
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Terry Considine is a director and secretary of the Considine Family Foundation. |
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Terry Considines brother is the trustee for the sole general partner of Titaho Limited
Partnership RLLLP. |
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Includes 2,392,512 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are exercisable within
60 days. The shares indicated represent approximately 3.7% of the shares outstanding at
February 25, 2008. |
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Terry Considine is the general partner of, and holds a 0.5% ownership interest in,
Titahotwo Limited Partnership RLLLP. |
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Includes 2,300 shares issuable in exchange for common OP Units. The shares indicated
represent approximately 1.4% of the shares outstanding at February 25, 2008. |
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Represent shares issuable in exchange for common OP Units. |
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling stockholders of
up to 1,847,112 shares of Class A Common Stock. The selling stockholders may sell shares from time
to time in one or more transactions, which may include underwritten offerings, sales in open market
or block transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, or such other national securities exchange or
automated interdealer quotation system on which shares of Class A Common Stock are then listed or
quoted, sales in the over-the-counter market, privately negotiated transactions, put or call
options transactions relating to the shares, short sales of shares, hedging transactions, or in
transactions in which shares may be delivered in connection with issuance of securities by issuers
other than Aimco that are exchangeable for or payable in such shares, distributions to
beneficiaries, partners, members, or stockholders of the selling stockholders or a combination of
such methods of sale or by any other legally available means, at market prices prevailing at the
time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of the sale or at
negotiated prices. Such transactions may or may not involve brokers or dealers. None of the selling
stockholders have advised us that they have entered into any agreements, understandings or
arrangements with any underwriters or broker-dealers regarding the sale of the securities offered
hereby, nor is there an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed
sale of shares by the selling stockholders. In addition, any of the shares covered by this
prospectus that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the Securities Act), may be sold under Rule 144 rather than pursuant to this prospectus.
The selling stockholders may effect such transactions by selling shares directly to purchasers
or to or through broker-dealers, which may act as agents or principals. Such broker-dealers may
receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling
stockholders or the purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom
they sell as principal, or both (which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in
excess of customary commissions). In effecting sales, such broker-dealers may arrange for other
broker-dealers to participate.
The selling stockholders may enter into options or other transactions with broker-dealers or
other financial institutions who may resell the securities offered hereby pursuant to this
prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect the transaction).
If shares are sold in an underwritten offering, the shares will be acquired by the
underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more
transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or prices at the
time of the sale or at negotiated prices. Any initial public offering price and any discounts or
commissions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Underwriters
may sell shares to or through broker-dealers, and such broker-dealers may receive compensation in
the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or the purchasers of shares
for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom they sell as principal, or both (which
compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions).
Depending upon the circumstances of any sale hereunder, the selling stockholders and any
underwriter or broker-dealer who acts in connection with the sale of shares hereunder may be deemed
to be underwriters, within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act, and any
compensation received by them and any profit on any resale of shares sold by them while acting as
principals may be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act.
The anti-manipulation provisions of Regulation M promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 may apply to sales by the selling stockholders in the market.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain jurisdictions, the securities offered
hereby will be offered or sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or
dealers. In addition, in certain jurisdictions the securities offered hereby may not be offered or
sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in such jurisdictions or an exemption
or federal preemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.
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We have agreed to pay all expenses in connection with the registration of the shares being
offered hereby. Selling stockholders are responsible for paying brokers commissions, underwriting
discounts and any other selling expenses,
as well as fees and expenses of selling stockholders counsel. We have agreed to indemnify
certain of the selling stockholders, and their respective officers and directors and any person who
controls such selling stockholders, against certain liabilities and expenses arising out of or
based upon the information set forth or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, including liabilities under the
Securities Act. We or the selling stockholders may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or
broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the shares against certain
liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
Upon our being notified by a selling stockholder that any material arrangement has been
entered into with an underwriter or a broker-dealer for the sale of shares through a special
offering, block trade, exchange distribution or a secondary distribution or a purchase by a broker
or dealer, a supplement to this prospectus will be filed, if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b)
under the Securities Act, disclosing (i) the name of each such selling stockholder and of the
participating broker-dealer(s), (ii) the number of shares involved, (iii) the price at which such
shares were sold, (iv) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to such
broker-dealer(s), where applicable, (v) that such broker-dealer(s) did not conduct any
investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and
(vi) other facts material to the transaction. In addition, upon our being notified by a named
selling stockholder that a donee or pledgee intends to sell more than 500 shares, a supplement to
this prospectus will be filed.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of certain Federal income tax consequences of an investment in the
stock of Aimco. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
Code), regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department (the Regulations), rulings and
other administrative pronouncements issued by the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS), and
judicial decisions, all as currently in effect as of the date of this prospectus and all of which
are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance
can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary
to any of the tax consequences described below. No advance ruling has been or will be sought from
the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. This summary is also based on the
assumptions that the operation of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, the limited liability
companies and limited partnerships in which they own controlling interests (collectively, the
Subsidiary Partnerships) and any affiliated entities will be in accordance with their applicable
organizational documents or partnership agreements. This summary is for general information only
and does not purport to discuss all aspects of Federal income taxation which may be important to a
particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances, or to investors subject to
special tax rules, such as:
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financial institutions; |
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insurance companies; |
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regulated investment companies; |
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broker-dealers; |
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holders that receive Aimco stock through the exercise of stock options or
otherwise as compensation; |
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persons holding Aimco stock as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion
transaction, synthetic security or other integrated investment; |
and, except to the extent discussed below:
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tax-exempt organization; and |
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foreign investors. |
This summary assumes that investors will hold Aimcos stock as a capital asset, which generally
means property held for investment.
5
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF HOLDERS OF AIMCO STOCK DEPENDS IN SOME
INSTANCES ON DETERMINATIONS OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL INCOME TAX
LAW FOR WHICH NO CLEAR PRECEDENT OR AUTHORITY MAY BE AVAILABLE. IN ADDITION, THE TAX CONSEQUENCES
OF HOLDING AIMCO STOCK OR SECURITIES TO ANY PARTICULAR HOLDER WILL DEPEND ON THE HOLDERS
PARTICULAR TAX CIRCUMSTANCES. ACCORDINGLY, EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS TAX
ADVISOR REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING,
EXCHANGING, OR OTHERWISE DISPOSING OF AIMCOS STOCK AND OF AIMCOs ELECTION TO BE SUBJECT TO TAX,
FOR FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES, AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST.
Taxation of Aimco
The REIT provisions of the Code are highly technical and complex. The following summary sets
forth certain aspects of the provisions of the Code that govern the United States Federal income
tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders.
Aimco has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with its taxable year ended
December 31, 1994, and Aimco intends to continue such election. Although Aimco believes that,
commencing with the Aimcos initial taxable year ended December 31, 1994, Aimco was organized in
conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT, and its actual method of operation
has enabled, and its proposed method of operation will enable, it to meet the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, no assurance can be given that Aimco has been
or will remain so qualified. Such qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon Aimcos
ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, asset ownership
distribution levels, requirements regard diversity of stock ownership, and the various
qualification tests imposed under the Code as discussed below. No assurance can be given that the
actual results of Aimcos operation for any one taxable year will satisfy such requirements. See
United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Taxation of REITs in
General Failure to Qualify. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge Aimcos
eligibility for taxation as a REIT.
Taxation of REITs in General
Provided Aimco qualifies as a REIT, it will generally be entitled to a deduction for dividends
that it pays and therefore will not be subject to United States Federal corporate income tax on its
net income that is currently distributed to its stockholders. This deduction for dividends paid
substantially eliminates the double taxation of corporate income (i.e., taxation at both the
corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from investment in a corporation. Rather,
income generated by a REIT is generally taxed only at the stockholder level upon a distribution of
dividends by the REIT.
For tax years through 2010, most domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts or estates
are taxed on corporate dividends at a maximum rate of 15% (the same as long-term capital gains).
With limited exceptions, however, dividends received by stockholders from Aimco or from other
entities that are taxed as REITs are generally not eligible for the reduced rates, and will
continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which, will be as high as 35% through
2010. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Taxation of
Stockholders Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders Distributions.
Net operating losses, foreign tax credits and other tax attributes of a REIT generally do not
pass through to the stockholders of the REIT, subject to special rules for certain items such as
capital gains recognized by REITs. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco
StockholdersTaxation of Stockholders.
If Aimco qualifies as a REIT, it will nonetheless be subject to Federal income tax in the
following circumstances:
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Aimco will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT
taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. |
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A 100% excise tax may be imposed on some items of income and expense that are
directly or constructively paid between Aimco and its taxable REIT subsidiaries (as
described below) if and to the extent that the IRS successfully asserts that the
economic arrangements between Aimco and its taxable REIT subsidiaries are not
comparable to similar arrangements between unrelated parties. |
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If Aimco has net income from prohibited transactions, which are, in general,
sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be
subject to a 100% tax. |
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If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure
of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold terminations as foreclosure property, we may
thereby avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax on gain from a resale of that
property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the
income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income
tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 35%). We do not anticipate receiving any
income from foreclosure property. |
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A 100% tax may be imposed on some items of income and expense that are directly
or constructively earned or paid in a transaction between a REIT and a taxable REIT
subsidiary (as described below) if and to the extent that the IRS successfully adjusts
the reported amounts of these items. |
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If Aimco should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income test (as discussed below), but has nonetheless maintained its qualification as a
REIT because certain other requirements have been met, it will be subject to a 100% tax
on an amount based on the magnitude of the failure adjusted to reflect the profit
margin associated with Aimcos gross income. |
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Similarly, if Aimco should fail to satisfy the asset or other requirements
applicable to REITs, as described below, yet nonetheless maintain its qualification as
a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable
requirements are met, it may be subject to an excise tax. In that case, the amount of
the tax will be at least $50,000 per failure, and, in the case of certain asset test
failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the assets in
question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount
exceeds $50,000 per failure. |
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If Aimco should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum
of (i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of its REIT capital gain
net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods, Aimco would be required to pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required
distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts actually distributed, plus (b) retained
amounts on which income tax is paid at the corporate level. |
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Aimco may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain
circumstances, including if it fails to meet the record keeping requirements intended
to monitor its compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REITs
stockholders, as described below in Requirements for QualificationGeneral. |
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If Aimco acquires appreciated assets from a corporation that is not a REIT
(i.e., a subchapter C corporation) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis
of the assets in the hands of Aimco is determined by reference to the adjusted tax
basis of the assets in the hands of the subchapter C corporation, Aimco may be subject
to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if
Aimco subsequently recognizes gain on the disposition of any such asset during the
ten-year period following its acquisition from the subchapter C corporation. |
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Certain earnings of Aimcos subsidiaries are subchapter C corporations, the
earnings of which could be subject to Federal corporate income tax. |
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Aimco may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on its items of tax
preference, including any deductions of net operating losses. |
7
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Aimco and its subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including
state, local and foreign income taxes, property taxes and other taxes on their assets
and operations. Aimco could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions
not presently contemplated. |
Requirements for Qualification
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
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that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
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the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by
transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
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that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for the special Code
provisions applicable to REITs; |
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that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to
certain provisions of the Code; |
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the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; |
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in which, during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value
of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals
(as defined in the Code to include certain entities); and |
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(7) |
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that meets other tests described below (including with respect to the nature of
its income and assets). |
The Code provides that conditions (1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable year,
and that the condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or
during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
Aimco believes that it has been organized, has operated and has issued sufficient shares of
stock to satisfy conditions (1) through (7) inclusive. Aimcos articles of incorporation provide
certain restrictions regarding transfers of its shares, which are intended to assist Aimco in
satisfying the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. These
restrictions, however, may not ensure that Aimco will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share
ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above.
To monitor Aimcos compliance with the share ownership requirements, Aimco is generally
required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of its shares. To do so, Aimco must
demand written statements each year from the record holders of certain percentages of its stock in
which the record holders are to disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons
required to include in gross income the dividends paid by Aimco). A list of those persons failing
or refusing to comply with this demand must be maintained as part of Aimcos records. Failure by
Aimco to comply with these record keeping requirements could subject it to monetary penalties. A
stockholder who fails or refuses to comply with the demand is required by the Regulations to submit
a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of the shares and certain other
information.
In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its taxable year is
the calendar year. Aimco satisfies this requirement.
The Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described
below under Income Tests, in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not
willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is
based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, the Code extends similar relief in the
case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements (see Asset Tests below) and other
REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful
neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. If Aimco fails to
satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief
provisions would be available to enable it to maintain its qualification as a REIT, and, if
available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
8
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnership Interests. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership,
the Regulations provide that the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnerships
assets and to earn its proportionate share of the partnerships income for purposes of the asset
and gross income tests applicable to REITs as described below. Aimcos proportionate share of a
partnerships assets and income is based on our capital interest in the partnership (except that
for purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the partnerships assets is based on
our proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership).
In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character
in the hands of the REIT. Thus, Aimcos proportionate share of the assets, liabilities and items
of income of the Subsidiary Partnerships will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income
of Aimco for purposes of applying the REIT requirements described below. A summary of certain
rules governing the Federal income taxation of partnerships and their partners is provided below in
United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Tax Aspects of Investments
in Affiliated EntitiesPartnerships.
Disregarded Subsidiaries. Aimcos indirect interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership and
other Subsidiary Partnerships are held through wholly owned corporate subsidiaries of Aimco
organized and operated as qualified REIT subsidiaries within the meaning of the Code. A
qualified REIT subsidiary is any corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary as described
below, that is wholly-owned by a REIT, or by other disregarded subsidiaries, or by a combination of
the two. If a REIT owns a qualified REIT subsidiary, that subsidiary is disregarded for Federal
income tax purposes, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the
subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT
itself, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs as
summarized below. Each qualified REIT subsidiary, therefore, is not subject to Federal corporate
income taxation, although it may be subject to state or local taxation. Other entities that are
wholly-owned by a REIT, including single member limited liability companies, are also generally
disregarded as separate entities for Federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the
REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with partnerships in which Aimco
holds an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as pass-through subsidiaries.
In the event that a disregarded subsidiary of Aimco ceases to be wholly-owned for example,
if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than Aimco or another
disregarded subsidiary of Aimco the subsidiarys separate existence would no longer be
disregarded for Federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be
treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the
circumstances, adversely affect Aimcos ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income
requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own,
directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See Asset
Tests and Income Tests.
Taxable Subsidiaries. A REIT, in general, may jointly elect with subsidiary corporations,
whether or not wholly-owned, to treat the subsidiary corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary
(TRS). A TRS also includes any corporation, other than a REIT, with respect to which a TRS in
which a REIT owns an interest, owns securities possessing 35% of the total voting power or total
value of the outstanding securities of such corporation. The separate existence of a TRS or other
taxable corporation, unlike a disregarded subsidiary as discussed above, is not ignored for Federal
income tax purposes. As a result, a parent REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or
as receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock issued by the TRS is an asset in the
hands of the parent REIT, and the REIT recognizes as income, the dividends, if any, that it
receives from the subsidiary. This treatment can affect the income and asset test calculations
that apply to the REIT, as described below. Because a parent REIT does not include the assets and
income of such subsidiary corporations in determining the parents compliance with the REIT
requirements, such entities may be used by the parent REIT to indirectly undertake activities that
the REIT rules might otherwise preclude it from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries
(for example, activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as management fees or
foreign currency gains). As a taxable corporation, a TRS will generally be subject to corporate
income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that Aimco and its subsidiaries generate
in the aggregate.
Certain of Aimcos operations (property management, asset management, risk, etc.) are
conducted through its taxable REIT subsidiaries. Because Aimco is not required to include the
assets and income of such taxable REIT subsidiaries in determining Aimcos compliance with the REIT
requirements, Aimco uses its taxable REIT subsidiaries to facilitate its ability to offer services
and activities to its residents that are not generally considered as qualifying REIT services and
activities. If Aimco fails to properly structure and provide such nonqualifying services
and activities through its taxable REIT subsidiaries, its ability to satisfy the REIT gross
income requirement, and also its REIT status, may be jeopardized.
9
A TRS may generally engage in any business except the operation or management of a lodging or
health care facility. The operation or management of a health care or lodging facility precludes a
corporation from qualifying as a taxable REIT subsidiary. If any of Aimcos taxable REIT
subsidiaries were deemed to operate or manage a health care or lodging facility, such taxable REIT
subsidiaries would fail to qualify as taxable REIT subsidiaries, and Aimco would fail to qualify as
a REIT. Aimco believes that none of its taxable REIT subsidiaries operate or manage any health
care or lodging facilities. However, the statute provides little guidance as to the definition of
a health care or lodging facility. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not
contend that any of Aimcos taxable REIT subsidiaries operate or manage a health care or lodging
facility, disqualifying it from treatment as a taxable REIT subsidiary, thereby resulting in the
disqualification of Aimco as a REIT.
Several provisions of the Code regarding arrangements between a REIT and a TRS ensure that a
TRS will be subject to an appropriate level of Federal income taxation. For example, a TRS is
limited in its ability to deduct interest payments made to its REIT owner. In addition, Aimco
would be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that it receives from, or on certain
expenses deducted by, its taxable REIT subsidiaries, if the IRS were to successfully assert that
the economic arrangements between Aimco and its taxable REIT subsidiaries are not comparable to
similar arrangements among unrelated parties. See United States Federal Income Taxation of
Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Taxation of REITs in General Penalty Tax.
Income Tests
In order to maintain qualification as a REIT, Aimco must annually satisfy two gross income
requirements:
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First, at least 75% of Aimcos gross income for each taxable year, excluding
gross income from sales of inventory or dealer property in prohibited transactions,
must be derived from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real
property, including rents from real property, dividends received from other REITs,
interest income derived from mortgage loans secured by real property, and gains from
the sale of real estate assets, as well as certain types of temporary investments. |
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Second, at least 95% of Aimcos gross income for each taxable year, excluding
gross income from prohibited transactions, must be derived from some combination of
such income from investments in real property (i.e., income that qualifies under the
75% income test described above), as well as other dividends, interest and gains from
the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to
real property. |
Rents received by Aimco directly or through the Subsidiary Partnerships will qualify as rents
from real property in satisfying the gross income requirements described above, only if several
conditions are met, including the following. If rent is partly attributable to personal property
leased in connection with a lease of real property, the portion of the total rent attributable to
the personal property will not qualify as rents from real property unless it constitutes 15% or
less of the total rent received under the lease. Moreover, for rents received to qualify as rents
from real property, the REIT must generally not operate or manage the property or furnish or
render services to the tenants of such property, other than through an independent contractor
from which the REIT derives no revenue. Aimco and its affiliates are permitted, however, to
directly perform services that are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental
of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the
property. In addition, Aimco and its affiliates may directly or indirectly provide non-customary
services to tenants of its properties without disqualifying all of the rent from the property if
the payment for such services does not exceed 1% of the total gross income from the property. For
purposes of this test, the income received from such non-customary services is deemed to be at
least 150% of the direct cost of providing the services. Moreover, Aimco is generally permitted to
provide services to tenants or others through a TRS without disqualifying the rental income
received from tenants for purposes of the REIT income requirements.
Aimco manages apartment properties for third parties and affiliates through its taxable REIT
subsidiaries. These taxable REIT subsidiaries receive management fees and other income. A portion
of such fees and other income accrue to Aimco through distributions from the taxable REIT
subsidiaries that are classified as dividend income to the
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extent of the earnings and profits of the taxable REIT subsidiaries. Such distributions will
generally qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross
income test. Any dividends received by us from a REIT will be qualifying income in our hands for
purposes of both the 95% and 75% income tests.
Any income or gain derived by Aimco directly or through its Subsidiary Partnerships from
instruments that hedge certain risks, such as the risk of changes in interest rates, will not be
treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, provided that specified
requirements are met, but generally will constitute non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75%
gross income test. Such requirements include that the instrument hedges risks associated with
indebtedness issued by Aimco or its Subsidiary Partnerships that is incurred to acquire or carry
real estate assets (as described below under Asset Tests), and, effective beginning in 2005,
the instrument is properly identified as a hedge, along with the risk that it hedges, within
prescribed time periods.
If Aimco fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable
year, it may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for the year if it is entitled to relief under certain
provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if Aimcos failure to
meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, Aimco attaches a
schedule of the sources of its income to its tax return, and any incorrect information on the
schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It is not possible to state whether Aimco
would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief
provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances involving Aimco, Aimco will not
qualify as a REIT. As discussed above under Taxation of REITs in General, even where these
relief provisions apply, a tax is imposed based upon the amount by which Aimco fails to satisfy the
particular gross income test.
Asset Tests
Aimco, at the close of each calendar quarter of its taxable year, must also satisfy four tests
relating to the nature of its assets:
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First, at least 75% of the value of the total assets of Aimco total assets must
be represented by some combination of real estate assets, cash, cash items, U.S.
government securities, and under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments
purchased with new capital. For this purpose, real estate assets include interests
in real property, such as land, buildings, leasehold interests in real property, stock
of other corporations that qualify as REITs, and some kinds of mortgage backed
securities and mortgage loans. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test
are subject to the additional asset tests described below. |
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Second, not more than 25% of Aimcos total assets may be represented by
securities other than those in the 75% asset class. |
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Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the value of any one
issuers securities owned by Aimco may not exceed 5% of the value of Aimcos total
assets, Aimco may not own more than 10% of any one issuers outstanding voting
securities, and Aimco may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding
securities of any one issuer. The 5% and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of
taxable REIT subsidiaries. |
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Fourth, the aggregate value of all securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries held
by Aimco may not exceed 20% of the value of Aimcos total assets. |
Aimco believes that the value of the securities held by Aimco in its taxable REIT subsidiaries
will not exceed, in the aggregate, 20% of the value of Aimcos total assets and that Aimcos
ownership interests in its taxable REIT subsidiaries qualify under the asset tests set forth above.
Notwithstanding the general rule that a REIT is treated as owning its share of the underlying
assets of a subsidiary partnership for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests, if a REIT holds
indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a
violation of, the asset tests, resulting in loss of REIT status, unless it is a qualifying mortgage
asset that satisfies the rules for straight debt, or is sufficiently small so as not to otherwise
cause an asset test violation. Similarly, although stock of another REIT is a qualifying asset for
purposes of the REIT asset tests, non-mortgage debt held by Aimco that is issued by another REIT
may not so qualify.
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The Code contains a number of provisions applicable to REITs, including relief provisions that
make it easier for REITs to satisfy the asset requirements, or to maintain REIT qualification
notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. These provisions are
generally effective beginning with the 2005 tax year, except as otherwise noted below.
One such provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to
nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (a) it provides the IRS with a description of each
asset causing the failure, (b) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (c)
the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (i) $50,000 per failure, and (ii) the product of the
net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable
corporate tax rate (currently 35%), and (d) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the
failure within 6 months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or
otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
A second relief provision contained in the Code applies to de minimis violations of the 10%
and 5% asset tests. A REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements
if (a) the value of the assets causing the violation do not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REITs
total assets, and $10,000,000, and (b) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure
within 6 months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the
relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
The Code also provides that certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% value
test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute straight debt, which
now has an expanded definition and includes securities having certain contingency features. A
restriction, however, precludes a security from qualifying as straight debt where a REIT (or a
controlled taxable REIT subsidiary of the REIT) owns other securities of the issuer of that
security which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities
constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total value of that issuers outstanding
securities. In addition to straight debt, the Code provides that certain other securities will not
violate the 10% value test. Such securities include (a) any loan made to an individual or an
estate, (b) certain rental agreements in which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent
years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT), (c) any
obligation to pay rents from real property, (d) securities issued by governmental entities that are
not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental
entity, (e) any security issued by another REIT, and (f) any debt instrument issued by a
partnership if the partnerships income is of a nature that it would satisfy the 75% gross income
test described above under Income Tests. The Code also provides that in applying the 10%
value test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if
any, of the REITs proportionate equity interest in that partnership.
Aimco believes that its holding of securities and other assets comply, and will continue to
comply, with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and it intends to monitor compliance on an
ongoing basis. No independent appraisals have been obtained, however, to support Aimcos
conclusions as to the value of its assets, including the Aimco Operating Partnerships total assets
and the value of the Aimco Operating Partnerships interest in the taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Moreover, values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are
subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt
or equity for Federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could
affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that
the IRS will not contend that Aimcos interests in its subsidiaries or in the securities of other
issuers will cause a violation of the REIT asset requirements and loss of REIT status.
If we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, such a failure
would not cause us to lose our REIT status if we (1) satisfied the asset tests at the close of the
preceding calendar quarter and (2) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset
test requirements was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of non-qualifying assets, but
instead arose from changes in the market value of our assets. If the condition described in (2)
were not satisfied, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30
days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
Annual Distribution Requirements
In order for Aimco to qualify as a REIT, Aimco is required to distribute dividends (other than
capital gain dividends) to its stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
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90% of Aimcos REIT taxable income (computed without regard
to the deduction for dividends paid and net capital gain of Aimco), and |
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90% of the net income, if any (after tax) from foreclosure property (as described
below), minus |
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the sum of certain items of noncash income. |
These distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following
taxable year if they are declared in October, November, or December of the taxable year, are
payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in any such month, and are actually paid
before the end of January of the following year. In order for distributions to be counted for this
purpose, and to give rise to a tax deduction by Aimco, they must not be preferential dividends.
A dividend is not a preferential dividend if it is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock
within a particular class, and is in accordance with the preferences among different classes of
stock as set forth in Aimcos organizational documents.
To the extent that Aimco distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable
income, as adjusted, it will be subject to tax thereon at ordinary corporate tax rates. In any
year, Aimco may elect to retain, rather than distribute, its net capital gain and pay tax on such
gain. In such a case, Aimcos stockholders would include their proportionate share of such
undistributed long-term capital gain in income and receive a corresponding credit for their share
of the tax paid by Aimco. Aimcos stockholders would then increase the adjusted basis of their
Aimco shares by the difference between the designated amounts included in their long-term capital
gains and the tax deemed paid with respect to their shares.
To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax
years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that it must make in order to comply with
the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character,
in the hands of stockholders, of any distributions that are actually made by the REIT, which are
generally taxable to stockholders to the extent that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings
and profits. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Taxation
of Stockholders Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders Distributions.
If Aimco should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of:
(i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year,
(ii) 95% of its REIT capital gain net income for such year (excluding retained net capital
gain), and
(iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods,
Aimco would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum
of (x) the amounts actually distributed, and (y) the amounts of income retained on which it has
paid corporate income tax. Aimco believes that it has made, and intends to make, timely
distributions so that it is not subject to the 4% excise tax.
It is possible that Aimco, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash to meet the 90%
distribution requirement due to timing differences between (i) the actual receipt of cash
(including receipt of distributions from the Aimco Operating Partnership) and (ii) the inclusion of
certain items in income by Aimco for Federal income tax purposes. In the event that such timing
differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, Aimco may find it necessary to
arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay dividends in the form of
taxable in-kind distributions of property.
Under certain circumstances, Aimco may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution
requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to stockholders in a later year, which may
be included in Aimcos deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. In this case, Aimco may
be able to avoid losing its REIT status or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency
dividends; however, Aimco will be required to pay interest and a penalty based on the amount of any
deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
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Failure to Qualify
If Aimco fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief
provisions do not apply, Aimco will be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum
tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year
in which Aimco fails to qualify will not be deductible by Aimco nor will they be required to be
made. In such event, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, all
distributions to stockholders that are individuals will generally be taxable at a rate of 15%
(through 2010) and, subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be
eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless Aimco is entitled to relief under specific
statutory provisions, Aimco would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for
the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible
to state whether, in all circumstances, Aimco would be entitled to this statutory relief.
Prohibited Transactions
Net income derived by a REIT from a prohibited transaction is subject to a 100% excise tax.
The term prohibited transaction generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other
than foreclosure property) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business. Aimco intends to conduct its operations so that no asset owned by Aimco or its
pass-through subsidiaries will be held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset
will not be in the ordinary course of Aimcos business. Whether property is held primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends, however, on the
particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property sold by Aimco will
not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that Aimco can comply with certain
safe-harbor provisions of the Code that would prevent the imposition of the 100% excise tax. The
100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other
taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at
regular corporate rates.
Penalty Tax
Aimco will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the amount of certain non-arms length payments
received from, or certain expenses deducted by, its taxable REIT subsidiaries if the IRS were to
successfully assert that the economic arrangements between Aimco and its taxable REIT subsidiaries
are not comparable to similar transaction between unrelated parties. Such amounts may include
rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by a TRS to tenants
of Aimco and amounts that are deducted by a TRS for payments made to Aimco that are in excess of
the amounts that would have been charged by an unrelated party.
Aimco believes that the fees paid to its taxable REIT subsidiaries for tenant services are
comparable to the fees that would be paid to an unrelated third party negotiating at arms-length.
This determination, however, is inherently factual, and the IRS may assert that the fees paid by
Aimco do not represent arms-length amounts. If the IRS successfully made such an assertion, Aimco
would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on the excess of an arms-length fee for tenant
services over the amount actually paid.
Tax Aspects of Aimcos Investments In Partnerships
General
Substantially all of Aimcos investments are held indirectly through the Aimco Operating
Partnership. In general, partnerships are pass-through entities that are not subject to Federal
income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of the items of income,
gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially subject to tax on these
items, without regard to whether the partners receive a distribution from the partnership. Aimco
will include in its income its proportionate share of the foregoing partnership items for purposes
of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of its REIT taxable income. Moreover, for
purposes of the REIT asset tests, Aimco will include its proportionate share of assets held by the
Subsidiary Partnerships. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco
Stockholders Taxation of Aimco Effect of Subsidiary Entities Ownership of Partnership
Interests.
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Entity Classification
Aimcos direct and indirect investment in partnerships involves special tax considerations,
including the possibility of a challenge by the IRS of the tax status of any of the Subsidiary
Partnerships as a partnership, as opposed to as an association taxable as a corporation, for
Federal income tax purposes. If any of these entities were treated as an association for Federal
income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation and therefore could be subject to an
entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of Aimcos assets and items of
gross income would change and could preclude Aimco from satisfying the REIT asset tests and gross
income tests (see United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders
Taxation of REITs in General Asset Tests and United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and
Aimco Stockholders Taxation of Aimco Income Tests), and in turn could prevent Aimco from
qualifying as a REIT unless Aimco is eligible for relief from the violation pursuant to relief
provisions described above. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco
Stockholders Taxation of Aimco Failure to Qualify above for a summary of the effect of
Aimcos failure to satisfy the REIT tests for a taxable year, and of the relief provisions. In
addition, any change in the status of any of the Subsidiary Partnerships for tax purposes might be
treated as a taxable event, in which case Aimco might incur a tax liability without any related
cash distributions.
Tax Allocations with Respect to The Properties
Under the Code and the Treasury Regulations, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to
appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an
interest in the partnership must be allocated for tax purposes in a manner such that the
contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from the unrealized gain or unrealized loss
associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or
unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the
contributed property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis of such property at
the time of contribution (a Book Tax Difference). Such allocations are solely for Federal
income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal
arrangements among the partners. The Aimco Operating Partnership was formed by way of
contributions of appreciated property. Consequently, allocations must be made in a manner
consistent with these requirements. Where a partner contributes cash to a partnership at a time
that the partnership holds appreciated (or depreciated) property, the Regulations provide for a
similar allocation of these items to the other (i.e., non-contributing) partners. These rules
apply to the contribution by Aimco to the Aimco Operating Partnership of the cash proceeds received
in any offerings of its stock.
In general, certain unitholders will be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for
tax purposes and increased taxable income and gain on the sale by the Aimco Operating Partnership
or other Subsidiary Partnerships of the contributed properties. This will tend to eliminate the
Book-Tax Difference over the life of these partnerships. However, the special allocations do not
always entirely rectify the Book-Tax Difference on an annual basis or with respect to a specific
taxable transaction such as a sale. Thus, the carryover basis of the contributed properties in the
hands of the Aimco Operating Partnership or other Subsidiary Partnerships may cause Aimco to be
allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and possibly greater amounts of taxable income
in the event of a sale of such contributed assets in excess of the economic or book income
allocated to it as a result of such sale. This may cause Aimco to recognize, over time, taxable
income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely affect Armcos ability to comply with the
REIT distribution requirements. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco
Stockholders Taxation of REITs in General Annual Distribution Requirements.
With respect to any property purchased or to be purchased by any of the Subsidiary
Partnerships (other than through the issuance of units) subsequent to the formation of Aimco, such
property will initially have a tax basis equal to its fair market value and the special allocation
provisions described above will not apply.
Sale of the Properties
Aimcos share of any gain realized by the Aimco Operating Partnership or any other Subsidiary
Partnership on the sale of any property held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject
to a 100% penalty tax. See United States Federal Income Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholder
Taxation of REITs in General Prohibited Transactions. Under existing law, whether property
is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a partnerships
trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances with
respect to the particular transaction. The Aimco Operating Partnership and the other Subsidiary
Partnerships intend to hold their properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation,
to engage in the business of acquiring, developing,
owning and operating the properties and to make such occasional sales of the properties,
including peripheral land, as are consistent with Aimcos investment objectives.
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Taxation of Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
A portion of the amounts to be used to fund distributions to stockholders is expected to come
from distributions made by Aimcos taxable REIT subsidiaries to the Aimco Operating Partnership,
and interest paid by the taxable REIT subsidiaries on certain notes held by the Aimco Operating
Partnership. In general, taxable REIT subsidiaries pay Federal, state and local income taxes on
their taxable income at normal corporate rates. Any Federal, state or local income taxes that
Aimcos taxable REIT subsidiaries are required to pay will reduce Aimcos cash flow from operating
activities and its ability to make payments to holders of its securities.
Taxation of Stockholders
Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
Distributions. Provided that Aimco qualifies as a REIT, distributions made to Aimcos taxable
domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as
capital gain dividends) will generally be taken into account by them as ordinary income (35%
maximum Federal rate through 2010) and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction
for corporations. With limited exceptions, dividends received from REITs are not eligible for
taxation at the preferential income tax rates (15% maximum Federal rate through 2010) for qualified
dividends received by individuals from taxable C corporations. Stockholders that are individuals,
however, are taxed at the preferential rates on dividends designated by and received from REITs to
the extent that the dividends are attributable to (i) income retained by the REIT in the prior
taxable year on which the REIT was subject to corporate level income tax (less the amount of tax),
(ii) dividends received by the REIT from taxable REIT subsidiaries or other taxable C corporations,
or (iii) income in the prior taxable year from the sales of built-in gain property acquired by
the REIT from C corporations in carryover basis transactions (less the amount of corporate tax on
such income).
Distributions (and retained net capital gains) that are designated as capital gain dividends
will generally be taxed to stockholders as long-term capital gains, to the extent that they do not
exceed Aimcos actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which
the stockholder has held its stock. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to
20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are generally
taxable at maximum Federal rates of 15% (through 2010) in the case of stockholders who are
individuals, and 35% in the case of stockholders that are corporations. Capital gains attributable
to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum
Federal income tax rate for taxpayers who are individuals, to the extent of previously claimed
depreciation deductions.
In determining the extent to which a distribution constitutes a dividend for tax purposes,
Aimcos earnings and profits generally will be allocated first to distributions with respect to
preferred stock prior to allocating any remaining earnings and profits to distributions on Aimcos
common stock. If Aimco has net capital gains and designates some or all of its distributions as
capital gain dividends to that extent, the capital gain dividends will be allocated among different
classes of stock in proportion to the allocation of earnings and profits as described above.
Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to
a stockholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholders shares
in respect of which the distributions were made, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such
shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a stockholders shares,
they will be included in income as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares
have been held for one year or less. In addition, any dividend declared by Aimco in October,
November or December of any year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any
such month will be treated as both paid by Aimco and received by the stockholder on December 31 of
such year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by Aimco before the end of January of the
following calendar year.
To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses and capital losses carried
forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that must be made
in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See United States Federal Income
Taxation of Aimco and Aimco Stockholders Taxation of REITs in General Annual Distribution
Requirements. Such losses, however, are not passed through to stockholders and do not offset
income of stockholders from other sources, nor would they affect the character of any
distributions that are actually made by a REIT, which are generally subject to tax in the
hands of stockholders to the extent that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings and profits.
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Dispositions of Aimco Stock. A stockholder will realize gain or loss upon the sale,
redemption or other taxable disposition of stock in an amount equal to the difference between the
sum of the fair market value of any property and cash received in such disposition, and the
stockholders adjusted tax basis in the stock at the time of the disposition. In general, a
stockholders tax basis will equal the stockholders acquisition cost, increased by the excess of
net capital gains deemed distributed to the stockholder (as discussed above), less tax deemed paid
on such net capital gains, and reduced by returns of capital. In general, capital gains recognized
by individuals upon the sale or disposition of shares of Aimco stock will be subject to a maximum
Federal income tax rate of 15% (through 2010) if the Aimco stock is held for more than 12 months,
and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 35% through 2010) if the Aimco stock is held
for 12 months or less. Gains recognized by stockholders that are corporations are subject to
Federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not classified as long-term capital gains.
Capital losses recognized by a stockholder upon the disposition of Aimco stock held for more than
one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally
available only to offset capital gain income of the stockholder but not ordinary income (except in
the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition,
any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares of Aimco stock by a stockholder who has held the shares
for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital
loss to the extent of distributions received from Aimco that are required to be treated by the
stockholder as long-term capital gain.
A redemption of Aimco stock (including preferred stock or equity stock) will be treated under
Section 302 of the Code as a dividend subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates (to the extent of
Aimcos current or accumulated earnings and profits), unless the redemption satisfies certain tests
set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code enabling the redemption to be treated as a sale or exchange
of the stock. The redemption will satisfy such test if it (i) is substantially disproportionate
with respect to the holder (which will not be the case if only the stock is redeemed, since it
generally does not have voting rights), (ii) results in a complete termination of the holders
stock interest in Aimco, or (iii) is not essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect to the
holder, all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code. In determining whether any of these
tests have been met, shares considered to be owned by the holder by reason of certain constructive
ownership rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares actually owned, must generally be taken
into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Section
302(b) of the Code is satisfied with respect to any particular holder of the stock will depend upon
the facts and circumstances as of the time the determination is made, prospective investors are
advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine such tax treatment. If a redemption of the
stock is treated as a distribution that is taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution
would be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received by the
stockholders. The stockholders adjusted tax basis in such redeemed stock would be transferred to
the holders remaining stockholdings in Aimco. If, however, the stockholder has no remaining
stockholdings in Aimco, such basis may, under certain circumstances, be transferred to a related
person or it may be lost entirely.
If an investor recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of stock or other securities of
Aimco in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of
Regulations involving reportable transactions could apply, with a resulting requirement to
separately disclose the loss generating transaction to the IRS. While these Regulations are
directed towards tax shelters, they are written quite broadly, and apply to transactions that
would not typically be considered tax shelters. In addition, the Code imposes penalties for
failure to comply with these requirements. Prospective investors should consult your tax advisors
concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of stock
or securities of Aimco, or transactions that might be undertaken directly or indirectly by Aimco.
Moreover, prospective investors should be aware that Aimco and other participants in the
transactions involving Aimco (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other
requirements pursuant to these Regulations.
Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
The following is a summary of certain anticipated U.S. Federal income and estate tax
consequences of the ownership and disposition of securities applicable to Non-U.S. Holders of
securities. A Non-U.S. Holder is generally any person other than (i) a citizen or resident of
the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership created or organized in the United States or
under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an
estate whose income is includable in gross income for U.S. Federal income tax purposes regardless
of its source
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or (iv) a trust if a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of such trust and one or more United States fiduciaries have the authority to
control all substantial decisions of such trust. The discussion is based on current law and is for
general information only. The discussion addresses only certain and not all aspects of U.S.
Federal income and estate taxation.
Ordinary Dividends. The portion of dividends received by Non-U.S. Holders payable out of
Aimcos earnings and profits which are not attributable to capital gains of Aimco and which are not
effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S.
withholding tax at the rate of 30% (unless reduced by treaty and the Non-U.S. Holder provides
appropriate documentation regarding its eligibility for treaty benefits). In general, Non-U.S.
Holders will not be considered engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their
ownership of securities. In cases where the dividend income from a Non-U.S. Holders investment in
securities is, or is treated as, effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holders conduct of a U.S.
trade or business, the Non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to U.S. tax at graduated rates, in
the same manner as domestic stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends, such income must
generally be reported on a U.S. income tax return filed by or on behalf of the non-U.S. holder, and
the income may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that
is a corporation.
Non-Dividend Distributions. Unless Aimco stock constitutes a United States real property
interest (a USRPI) within the meaning of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980
(FIRPTA), distributions by Aimco which are not dividends out of the earnings and profits of Aimco
will not be subject to U.S. income tax. If it cannot be determined at the time at which a
distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated earnings
and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends.
However, the Non-U.S. Holder may seek a refund from the IRS of any amounts withheld if it is
subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profits of Aimco. If Aimco stock constitutes a USRPI, distributions by Aimco in
excess of the sum of its earnings and profits plus the stockholders basis in its Aimco stock will
be taxed under the FIRPTA at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gains rates, that
would apply to a domestic stockholder of the same type (e.g., an individual or a corporation, as
the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding at a
rate of 10% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the stockholders share of Aimcos
earnings and profits.
Capital Gain Dividends. Under FIRPTA, a distribution made by Aimco to a Non-U.S. Holder, to
the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of USRPIs held by Aimco directly or through
pass-through subsidiaries (USRPI Capital Gains), will, except as described below, be considered
effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder and will be subject to
U.S. income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to
whether the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend. In addition, Aimco will be
required to withhold tax equal to 35% of the amount of dividends to the extent such dividends
constitute USRPI Capital Gains. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch
profits tax in the hands of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not a USRPI
capital gain if Aimco held the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain dividends
received by a non-U.S. holder from a REIT that are attributable to dispositions by that REIT of
assets other then USRPIs are generally not subject to U.S. income or withholding tax.
A capital gain dividend by Aimco that would otherwise have been treated as a USRPI capital
gain will not be so treated or be subject to FIRPTA, will generally not be treated as income that
is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, and will instead be treated the same as an
ordinary dividend from Aimco (see Taxation of Foreign Stockholders Ordinary Dividends),
provided that (1) the capital gain dividend is received with respect to a class of stock that is
regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States, and (2) the
recipient non-U.S. holder does not own more than 5% of that class of stock at any time during the
one year period ending on the date on which the capital gain dividend is received.
Dispositions of Aimco Stock. Unless Aimco stock constitutes a USRPI, a sale of the stock by a
Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA. The stock will be
treated as a USRPI if 50% or more of Aimcos assets throughout a prescribed testing period consist
of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding, for this purpose,
interests in real property solely in a capacity as a creditor. Even if the foregoing test is met,
Aimco stock nonetheless will not constitute a USRPI if Aimco is a domestically controlled
qualified investment entity. A domestically controlled qualified investment entity is a REIT in
which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares is held
directly or indirectly by Non-U.S. Holders. Aimco believes that it is, and it expects to continue
to be, a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. If
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Aimco is, and continues to be, a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, the sale
of Aimco stock should not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because most classes of stock of
Aimco are publicly traded, however, no assurance can be given that Aimco is or will continue to be
a domestically controlled qualified investment entity.
Even if Aimco does not constitute a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, a
Non-U.S. Holders sale of stock generally nonetheless will generally not be subject to tax under
FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI provided that:
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the stock is of a class that is regularly traded (as defined by applicable
Regulations) on an established securities market (e.g., the NYSE, on which Aimco stock
is listed), and |
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the selling Non-U.S. Holder held 5% or less of such class of Aimcos
outstanding stock at all times during a specified testing period. |
If gain on the sale of stock of Aimco were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S.
Holder would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain
(subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals) and the purchaser of the stock could be required to withhold 10% of
the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.
Gain from the sale of Aimco stock that would not otherwise be subject to taxation under FIRPTA
will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a Non-U.S. Holder in two cases. First, if the
Non-U.S. Holders investment in the Aimco stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or
business conducted by such Non-U.S. Holder, the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to the same
treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain. Second, if the Non-U.S. Holder is a
nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the
taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be
subject to a 30% tax on the individuals capital gain. In addition, even if Aimco is a
domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of Aimco stock (subject to
the 5% exception applicable to regularly traded stock described above under Taxation of
Foreign StockholdersCapital Gain Dividends), a non-U.S. holder may be treated as having gain
from the sale or exchange of a USRPI if the non-U.S. holder (1) disposes of our common stock within
a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the
disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI and (2) acquires,
or enters into a contract or option to acquire, other shares of our common stock within 30 days
after such ex-dividend date.
Estate Tax
Aimco stock owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident (as
specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) of the United States at the time of death
will be includible in the individuals gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an
applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise. Such individuals estate may be subject to U.S.
federal estate tax on the property includible in the estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and
individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from Federal income taxation. However, they
are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income (UBTI). While many
investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a
REIT to a tax-exempt entity do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, and provided that (1) a
tax-exempt stockholder has not held its Aimco stock as debt financed property within the meaning
of the Code (i.e., where the acquisition or holding of the property is financed through a borrowing
by the tax-exempt stockholder), and (2) the Aimco stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade
or business, Aimco believe that distributions from Aimco and income from the sale of the Aimco
stock should not give rise to UBTI to a tax-exempt stockholder.
Tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt
from taxation under paragraphs (7), (9), (17) and (20), respectively, of Section 501(c) of the Code
are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to characterize
distributions from Aimco as UBTI.
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In addition, in certain circumstances, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of Aimcos
stock could be required to treat a percentage of the dividends from Aimco as UBTI (the UBTI
Percentage). The UBTI Percentage is the gross income derived by Aimco from an unrelated trade or
business (determined as if Aimco were a pension trust) divided by the gross income of Aimco for the
year in which the dividends are paid. The UBTI rule applies to a pension trust holding more than
10% of Aimcos stock only if:
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the UBTI Percentage is at least 5%, |
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Aimco qualifies as a REIT by reason of the modification of the 5/50 Rule that
allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding shares of Aimco
in proportion to their actuarial interest in the pension trust, and |
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either (A) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of Aimcos stock
or (B) a group of pension trusts each individually holding more than 10% of the value
of Aimcos stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of Aimcos stock. |
The restrictions on ownership and transfer of Aimcos stock should prevent an Exempt
Organization from owning more than 10% of the value of Aimcos stock.
OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The rules dealing with Federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved
in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. No assurance can be
given as to whether, or in what form, the proposal described above (or any other proposals
affecting REITs or their stockholders) will be enacted. Changes to the Federal laws and
interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in Aimco or the Aimco Operating
Partnership.
State, Local And Foreign Taxes
The Aimco Operating Partnership and its partners and Aimco and its stockholders may be subject
to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which it or they
transact business, own property or reside. It should be noted that the Aimco Operating Partnership
owns properties located in a number of states and local jurisdictions, and the Aimco Operating
Partnership may be required to file income tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. The
state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its partners and Aimco
and its stockholders may not conform to the Federal income tax consequences discussed above.
Consequently, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application
and effect of state, local and foreign tax laws on an investment in the Aimco Operating Partnership
or Aimco.
State, Local And Foreign Taxes. The Aimco Operating Partnership, OP Unitholders, Aimco and
Aimco stockholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions,
including those in which it or they transact business, own property or reside. It should be noted
that the Aimco Operating Partnership owns properties located in a number of states and local
jurisdictions, and the Aimco Operating Partnership and OP Unitholders may be required to file
income tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. The state, local or foreign tax
treatment of the Aimco Operating Partnership and OP Unitholders and of Aimco and its stockholders
may not conform to the United States Federal income tax consequences discussed above.
Consequently, prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the
application and effect of state, local foreign tax laws on an investment in the Aimco Operating
Partnership or Aimco.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
You may obtain from the SEC, through the SECs website or at the SEC offices mentioned in the
following paragraph, a copy of the registration statement, including exhibits, that we have filed
with the SEC to register the securities offered under this prospectus. This prospectus is part of
the registration statement and does not contain all the information in the registration statement
on Form S-3. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any
statement made in this prospectus concerning a contract or other document of ours is not
necessarily complete, and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the
registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the
document or matter. Each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document
to which it refers.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the
SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SECs website at
http://www.sec.gov and on our corporate website at http://www.aimco.com. Information on our website
does not constitute part of this prospectus. You may inspect without charge any documents filed by
us at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain
copies of all or any part of these materials from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees
prescribed by the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public
Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available at the office of the New York Stock Exchange
located at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus documents we file with the SEC, which means
that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The
information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Some information
contained in this prospectus updates the information incorporated by reference, and information
that we file subsequently with the SEC will automatically update this prospectus. In the case of a
conflict or inconsistency between information set forth in this prospectus and information that we
file later and incorporate by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information
contained in the document that was filed later.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any filings
that Apartment Investment and Management Company makes with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c),
14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, after the
initial filing of the registration statement that contains this prospectus and prior to the
completion of the offering of all the securities covered by the registration statement (other than,
in each case, documents or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance
with SEC rules):
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Apartment Investment and Management Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2007; |
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Apartment Investment and Management Companys Proxy Statement for the 2008
Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Aimco; |
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Apartment Investment and Management Companys Current Reports on Form 8-K,
dated December 27, 2007 (filed January 2, 2008); December 31, 2007 (filed January 7,
2008); January 30, 2008 (filed January 31, 2008); March 27, 2008 (filed March 28,
2008); and March 28, 2008 (filed April 1, 2008); and |
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the description of Apartment Investment and Management Companys capital stock
contained in its Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 1-13232) filed July 19,
1994, including any amendment or reports filed for the purpose of updating such
description. |
You may request a copy of these filings or any future filings that are incorporated by
reference in this prospectus, at no cost, by writing or calling us at the following address and
telephone number:
Corporate Secretary
Apartment Investment and Management Company
4582 South Ulster Street Parkway
Suite 1100
Denver, Colorado 80237
(303) 757-8101
21
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
or any prospectus supplement filed by us with the SEC. We have not authorized anyone else to
provide you with additional or different information. The selling stockholders named herein are
not making an offer of securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not
assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate
as of any date other than its date.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein
may contain statements, estimates or projections that constitute forward-looking statements, as
defined under U.S. federal securities laws. Generally, the words believe, expect, intend,
estimate, anticipate, project, will and similar expressions identify forward-looking
statements. These may include statements regarding the effect of acquisitions and redevelopments,
our future financial performance, including our ability to maintain current or meet projected
occupancy, rent levels and same store results, and the effect of government regulations. Actual
results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and, in
addition, will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including,
without limitation: natural disasters such as hurricanes; national and local economic conditions;
the general level of interest rates; energy costs; the terms of governmental regulations that
affect us and interpretations of those regulations; the competitive environment in which we
operate; financing risks, including the risk that our cash flows from operations may be
insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; real estate risks, including
fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and
competition for residents in such markets; insurance risks; acquisition and development risks,
including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections; the timing of
acquisitions and dispositions; litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending
claims and any adverse outcomes; and possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or
penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties
presently owned or previously owned by us. In addition, our current and continuing qualification as
a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions
of the Internal Revenue Code and depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by
the Internal Revenue Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of
stock ownership. Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as
well as the section entitled Risk Factors described in Item 1A of the Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, filed by Apartment Investment and Management Company,
and the other documents we file from time to time with the SEC, including Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain tax matters will be passed upon for Aimco by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP.
The validity of the Class A Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for Aimco by DLA Piper
US LLP, Baltimore, Maryland.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Aimco appearing in Aimcos Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 (including the schedule appearing therein), and the
effectiveness of Aimcos internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 have
been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in
their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated
financial statements are, and audited consolidated financial statements to be included in
subsequently filed documents will be, incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon the reports
of Ernst and Young LLP pertaining to such consolidated financial statements (to the extent covered
by consents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission) given on the authority of such firm
as experts in accounting and auditing.
22
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distributions.
The estimated expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, in connection with
the offering of the Class A Common Stock, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
SEC Registration Fee |
|
$ |
2,648 |
|
Printing and Engraving Expenses |
|
$ |
10,000 |
|
Legal Fees
and Expenses (other than Blue Sky) |
|
$ |
30,000 |
|
Accounting Fees and Expenses |
|
$ |
7,500 |
|
Blue Sky
Fees and Expenses (including fees of counsel) |
|
$ |
0 |
|
Trustees
and Transfer Agents fees and expenses |
|
$ |
0 |
|
Miscellaneous |
|
$ |
0 |
|
TOTAL |
|
$ |
50,148 |
|
|
|
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Aimcos charter limits the liability of Aimcos directors and officers to Aimco and its
stockholders to the fullest extent permitted from time to time by Maryland law. Maryland law
presently permits the liability of directors and officers to a corporation or its stockholders for
money damages to be limited, except (i) to the extent that it is proved that the director or
officer actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services for the
amount of the benefit or profit in money, property or services actually received, or (ii) to the
extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the director or officer is entered in
a proceeding based on a finding that the directors or officers action, or failure to act, was the
result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in
the proceeding. This provision does not limit the ability of Aimco or its stockholders to obtain
other relief, such as an injunction or rescission.
Aimcos charter and bylaws require Aimco to indemnify its directors and officers and permits
Aimco to indemnify certain other parties to the fullest extent permitted from time to time by
Maryland law. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its directors, officers and certain
other parties against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually
incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of
their service to or at the request of the corporation, unless it is established that (i) the act or
omission of the indemnified party was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was
committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) the indemnified
party actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (iii) in the
case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnified party had reasonable cause to believe that the act
or omission was unlawful. Indemnification may be made against judgments, penalties, fines,
settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by the director or officer in connection with
the proceeding; provided, however, that if the proceeding is one by or in the right of the
corporation, indemnification may not be made with respect to any proceeding in which the director
or officer has been adjudged to be liable to the corporation. In addition, a director or officer
may not be indemnified with respect to any proceeding charging improper personal benefit to the
director or officer, whether or not involving action in the directors or officers official
capacity, in which the director or officer was adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal
benefit was improperly received. The termination of any proceeding by conviction, or upon a plea of
nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of any order of probation prior to judgment, creates
a rebuttable presumption that the director or officer did not meet the requisite standard of
conduct required for indemnification to be permitted. It is the position of the SEC that
indemnification of directors and officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is
against public policy and is unenforceable pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Act.
Aimco has entered into agreements with certain of its officers, pursuant to which Aimco has
agreed to indemnify such officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
The Aimco Operating Partnership
The agreement of limited partnership of the Aimco Operating Partnership also provides for
indemnification of Aimco, or any director or officer of Aimco, in its capacity as the previous
general partner of the Aimco Operating Partnership, from and against all losses, claims, damages,
liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including legal fees),
fines, settlements and other amounts incurred in connection with any actions relating to the
operations of the Aimco Operating Partnership.
II-1
Other
Section 10.6 of Apartment Investment and Management Company 2007 Stock Award And Incentive
Plan specifically provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each of the members of the
Board of Directors of Aimco, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and each of the
directors, officers and employees of Aimco, any Aimco subsidiary, the Aimco Operating Partnership
and any subsidiary of the Aimco Operating Partnership shall be held harmless and indemnified by
Aimco for any liability, loss (including amounts paid in settlement), damages or expenses
(including reasonable attorneys fees) suffered by virtue of any determinations, acts or failures
to act, or alleged acts or failures to act, in connection with the administration of the 2007 Plan,
so long as such person is not determined by a final adjudication to be guilty of willful misconduct
with respect to such determination, action or failure to act.
Item 16. Exhibits.
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Specimen certificate for Class A Common Stock of Apartment Investment and Management
Company (Exhibit 4.10 to Apartment Investment and Management Companys Registration
Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-113977) filed on March 26, 2004 is incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of DLA Piper US LLP regarding the validity of the securities of Apartment
Investment and Management Company offered hereby. |
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding tax matters. |
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
dated April 16, 2008. |
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Consent of DLA Piper US LLP (included in opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1). |
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in opinion filed as Exhibit 8.1). |
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney for Apartment Investment and Management Company (included on the
signature page of this Registration Statement). |
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective
amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of
the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which,
individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in
the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of
securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which
was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering
range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if,
in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the
maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in the
effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in
the registration statement;
II-2
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not
apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs
is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13
or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the
registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that
is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any
purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be
part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and
included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as
part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to
Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section
10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration
statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness
or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the
prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is
at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the
registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that
prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document
incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that
is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior
to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration
statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document
immediately prior to such effective date.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants annual report pursuant
to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each
filing of an employee benefit plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be
permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the registrants of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the registrants in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted
by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered,
the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the
final adjudication of such issue.
II-3
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it
has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and
has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Denver, State of Colorado, on April 18, 2008.
|
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|
|
|
APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Terry Considine
|
|
|
|
Name: |
Terry Considine |
|
|
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below authorizes Terry Considine and Thomas M. Herzog, and
each of them, each of whom may act without joinder of the other, as his true and lawful
attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and reconstitution, for him and in
his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to execute in the name of each such person who
is then an officer or director of Apartment Investment and Management Company, and to file any
amendments (including post effective amendments) to this registration statement and any
registration statement for the same offering filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of
1933, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all other documents in connection
therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority
to do and perform each and every act and thing appropriate or necessary to be done, as fully and
for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all
that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause
to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has
been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Terry Considine
Terry
Considine
|
|
Chairman of the
Board, Chief
Executive Officer
and President
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Thomas M. Herzog
Thomas
M. Herzog
|
|
Executive Vice
President and Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Scott W. Fordham
Scott
W. Fordham
|
|
Senior Vice
President and Chief
Accounting Officer
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ James N. Bailey
James
N. Bailey
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Richard S. Ellwood
Richard
S. Ellwood
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Thomas L. Keltner
Thomas L. Keltner
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ J. Landis Martin
J.
Landis Martin
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Robert A. Miller
Robert
A. Miller
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
II-4
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Thomas L. Rhodes
Thomas
L. Rhodes
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Michael A. Stein
Michael
A. Stein
|
|
Director
|
|
April 18, 2008 |
II-5
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Specimen certificate for Class A Common Stock of Apartment Investment and Management Company
(Exhibit 4.10 to Apartment Investment and Management Companys Registration Statement on Form
S-3 (No. 333-113977) filed on March 26, 2004 is incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of DLA Piper US LLP regarding the validity of the securities of Apartment Investment
and Management Company offered hereby. |
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding tax matters. |
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
dated April 16, 2008. |
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Consent of DLA Piper US LLP (included in opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1). |
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in opinion filed as Exhibit 8.1). |
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney for Apartment Investment and Management Company (included on the signature
page of this Registration Statement). |
II-6