Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 

FORM 10-Q
 

x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File No. 001-34995 

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland
27-1712193
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3284 Northside Parkway NW, Suite 150, Atlanta, GA 30327
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 818-4100
paca18.jpg 


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Sec. 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨   Accelerated filer x   Non-accelerated filer ¨   Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No  x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, as of July 26, 2018 was 40,038,578.




 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
INDEX
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
Page No. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Item 2.

 
 
 
Item 3.

 
 
 
Item 4.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.

 
 
 
Item 1A.

 
 
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
69

 
 
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
70

 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
70

 
 
 
Item 5.
Other Information
70

 
 
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
70

 
 







Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands, except per-share par values)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
470,014

 
$
406,794

Building and improvements
 
2,345,033

 
2,043,853

Tenant improvements
 
84,988

 
63,425

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
 
255,096

 
210,779

Construction in progress
 
18,546

 
10,491

Gross real estate
 
3,173,677

 
2,735,342

Less: accumulated depreciation
 
(222,785
)
 
(172,756
)
Net real estate
 
2,950,892

 
2,562,586

Real estate loans, net of deferred fee income
 
314,440

 
255,345

Real estate loans to related parties, net
 
59,768

 
131,451

Total real estate and real estate loan investments, net
 
3,325,100

 
2,949,382

 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
21,303

 
21,043

Restricted cash
 
53,982

 
51,969

Notes receivable
 
9,400

 
17,318

Note receivable and revolving line of credit due from related party
 
27,956

 
22,739

Accrued interest receivable on real estate loans
 
32,126

 
26,865

Acquired intangible assets, net of amortization of $96,660 and $73,521
 
99,878

 
102,743

Deferred loan costs on Revolving Line of Credit, net of amortization of $406 and $1,153
 
1,353

 
1,385

Deferred offering costs
 
7,876

 
6,544

Tenant lease inducements, net of amortization of $1,021 and $452
 
18,827

 
14,425

Tenant receivables (net of allowance of $742 and $715) and other assets
 
43,752

 
37,957

Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") assets from mortgage-backed pool, at fair value
 
266,673

 

 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
3,908,226

 
$
3,252,370

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and equity
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Mortgage notes payable, net of deferred loan costs and
 
$
1,998,514

 
$
1,776,652

          mark-to-market adjustment of $37,378 and $35,397
 
 
 
 
Revolving line of credit
 
38,500

 
41,800

Term note payable, net of deferred loan costs of $0 and $6
 

 
10,994

Real estate loan participation obligation
 
10,920

 
13,986

Unearned purchase option termination fees
 
10,234

 

Deferred revenue
 
34,352

 
27,947

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
43,573

 
31,253

Accrued interest payable
 
5,998

 
5,028

Dividends and partnership distributions payable
 
17,338

 
15,680

Acquired below market lease intangibles, net of amortization of $11,014 and $8,095
 
40,350

 
38,857

Security deposits and other liabilities
 
13,091

 
9,407

VIE liabilities from mortgage-backed pool, at fair value
 
261,879

 

Total liabilities
 
2,474,749

 
1,971,604

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 3,050
 
 
 
   shares authorized; 1,463 and 1,250 shares issued; 1,418 and 1,222
 
 
 
shares outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
14

 
12

Series M Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 500
 
 
 
   shares authorized; 29 and 15 shares issued and outstanding
 
 
 
at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively

 

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 400,067 shares authorized;
 
 
 
39,726 and 38,565 shares issued and outstanding at
 
 
 
June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
397

 
386

Additional paid-in capital
 
1,430,713

 
1,271,040

Accumulated earnings (deficit)
 

 
4,449

Total stockholders' equity
 
1,431,124

 
1,275,887

Non-controlling interest
 
2,353

 
4,879

Total equity
 
1,433,477

 
1,280,766

 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
3,908,226

 
$
3,252,370


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
1




Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per-share figures)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
$
66,199

 
$
48,241

 
$
130,276

 
$
93,605

Other property revenues
12,158

 
8,821

 
23,886

 
17,257

Interest income on loans and notes receivable
13,658

 
8,490

 
23,958

 
16,438

Interest income from related parties
4,374

 
5,338

 
8,639

 
10,152

Total revenues
96,389

 
70,890

 
186,759

 
137,452

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating and maintenance
10,107

 
7,198

 
18,912

 
13,737

Property salary and benefits (including reimbursements of $3,930, $3,018,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$7,539 and $5,795 to related party)
4,228

 
3,219

 
8,127

 
6,247

Property management fees (including $2,156, $1,571
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $4,260 and $3,006 to related parties)
2,776

 
2,061

 
5,532

 
3,963

Real estate taxes
10,063

 
7,680

 
20,038

 
15,584

General and administrative
1,957

 
1,654

 
3,798

 
3,159

Equity compensation to directors and executives
950

 
871

 
2,085

 
1,744

Depreciation and amortization
42,095

 
28,457

 
82,711

 
53,283

Acquisition and pursuit costs

 
5

 

 
14

Asset management fees to related party
6,621

 
4,864

 
12,862

 
9,377

Insurance, professional fees and other expenses
2,008

 
1,377

 
3,453

 
2,669

Total operating expenses
80,805

 
57,386

 
157,518

 
109,777

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Waived asset management and general and administrative expense fees
(1,429
)
 
(171
)
 
(2,649
)
 
(346
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating expenses
79,376

 
57,215

 
154,869

 
109,431

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
17,013

 
13,675

 
31,890

 
28,021

Interest expense
22,347

 
16,398

 
43,315

 
31,406

Change in fair value of net assets of consolidated VIE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
from mortgage-backed pool
54

 

 
54

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 
888

 

 
888

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) before gain on sale of real estate
(5,280
)
 
(3,611
)
 
(11,371
)
 
(4,273
)
Gain on sale of real estate, net of disposition expenses
2

 
6,915

 
20,356

 
37,639

Net (loss) income
(5,278
)
 
3,304

 
8,985

 
33,366

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
140

 
(97
)
 
(240
)
 
(1,096
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income attributable to the Company
(5,138
)
 
3,207

 
8,745

 
32,270

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared to preferred stockholders
(20,924
)
 
(15,235
)
 
(40,441
)
 
(29,621
)
Earnings attributable to unvested restricted stock
(6
)
 
(6
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
$
(26,068
)
 
$
(12,034
)
 
$
(31,704
)
 
$
2,641

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income per share of Common Stock available
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
to common stockholders, basic and diluted
$
(0.66
)
 
$
(0.40
)
 
$
(0.81
)
 
$
0.09

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends per share declared on Common Stock
$
0.255

 
$
0.235

 
$
0.505

 
$
0.455

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
39,383

 
29,894

 
39,241

 
28,423


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2




Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands, except dividend per-share figures)
 
Series A and Series M Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid in Capital
 
Accumulated Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Non-Controlling Interest
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
 
$
12

 
$
386

 
$
1,271,040

 
$
4,449

 
$
1,275,887

 
$
4,879

 
$
1,280,766

Issuance of Units
 
2

 

 
210,842

 

 
210,844

 

 
210,844

Issuance of mShares
 

 

 
13,569

 

 
13,569

 

 
13,569

Redemptions of Series A Preferred Stock
 

 
4

 
(9,063
)
 

 
(9,059
)
 

 
(9,059
)
Exercises of warrants
 

 
6

 
8,371

 

 
8,377

 

 
8,377

Syndication and offering costs
 

 

 
(21,201
)
 

 
(21,201
)
 

 
(21,201
)
Equity compensation to executives and directors
 

 

 
278

 

 
278

 

 
278

Vesting of restricted stock
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion of Class A Units to Common Stock
 

 
1

 
850

 

 
851

 
(851
)
 

Current period amortization of Class B Units
 

 

 

 

 

 
1,807

 
1,807

Net income
 

 

 

 
8,745

 
8,745

 
240

 
8,985

Reallocation adjustment to non-controlling interests
 

 

 
3,180

 

 
3,180

 
(3,180
)
 

Distributions to non-controlling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(542
)
 
(542
)
Dividends to series A preferred stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
($5.00 per share per month)
 

 

 
(26,772
)
 
(12,965
)
 
(39,737
)
 

 
(39,737
)
Dividends to mShares preferred stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
($4.79 - $6.25 per share per month)
 

 

 
(475
)
 
(229
)
 
(704
)
 

 
(704
)
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.505 per share)
 

 

 
(19,906
)
 

 
(19,906
)
 

 
(19,906
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
 
$
14

 
$
397

 
$
1,430,713

 
$

 
$
1,431,124

 
$
2,353

 
$
1,433,477





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3



Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, continued
For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands, except dividend per-share figures)
 
Series A and
Series M Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid in Capital
 
Accumulated Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Non-Controlling Interest
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017
 
$
9

 
$
265

 
$
906,737

 
$
(23,232
)
 
$
883,779

 
$
1,481

 
$
885,260

Issuance of Units
 
2

 

 
146,846

 

 
146,848

 

 
146,848

Redemptions of Series A Preferred Stock
 

 
3

 
(3,913
)
 

 
(3,910
)
 

 
(3,910
)
Issuance of common stock
 

 
39

 
58,345

 

 
58,384

 

 
58,384

Exercises of Warrants
 

 
15

 
17,677

 

 
17,692

 

 
17,692

Syndication and offering costs
 

 

 
(18,299
)
 

 
(18,299
)
 

 
(18,299
)
Equity compensation to executives and directors
 

 

 
247

 

 
247

 

 
247

Vesting of restricted stock
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion of Class A Units to Common Stock
 

 
2

 
1,676

 

 
1,678

 
(1,678
)
 

Current period amortization of Class B Units
 

 

 

 

 

 
1,497

 
1,497

Net income
 

 

 

 
32,270

 
32,270

 
1,096

 
33,366

Reallocation adjustment to non-controlling interests
 

 

 
(661
)
 

 
(661
)
 
661

 

Distributions to non-controlling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(411
)
 
(411
)
Dividends to Series A preferred stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
($5.00 per share per month)
 

 

 
(29,674
)
 

 
(29,674
)
 

 
(29,674
)
Dividends to mShares preferred stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
($4.79 - $6.25 per share per month)
 

 

 
(89
)
 

 
(89
)
 

 
(89
)
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.455 per share)
 

 

 
(13,510
)
 

 
(13,510
)
 

 
(13,510
)
Balance at June 30, 2017
 
$
11

 
$
324

 
$
1,065,382

 
$
9,038

 
$
1,074,755

 
$
2,646

 
$
1,077,401
















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4



Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(In thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
8,985

 
$
33,366

Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
82,711

 
53,283

Amortization of above and below market leases
 
(2,387
)
 
(1,562
)
Deferred revenues and fee income amortization
 
(2,154
)
 
(804
)
      Purchase option termination income amortization
 
(2,236
)
 

Amortization of market discount on assumed debt and lease incentives
699

 
92

Deferred loan cost amortization
 
3,279

 
2,650

(Increase) in accrued interest income on real estate loans
 
(5,261
)
 
(2,976
)
Change in fair value of net assets of consolidated VIE
 
(54
)
 

Equity compensation to executives and directors
 
2,085

 
1,744

Gain on sale of real estate
 
(20,356
)
 
(37,639
)
Cash received for purchase option terminations
 
5,100

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 

 
888

Mortgage interest received from consolidated VIE
 
861

 

Mortgage interest paid to other participants of consolidated VIE
 
(861
)
 

Other
 

 
189

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Increase in tenant receivables and other assets
 
(1,718
)
 
(3,619
)
Inrease in tenant lease incentives
(4,972
)
 
(7,239
)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
7,474

 
4,137

Increase (decrease) in accrued interest, prepaid rents and other liabilities
 
1,968

 
(160
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
73,163

 
42,350

 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Investments in real estate loans
 
(117,771
)
 
(70,320
)
Repayments of real estate loans
 
130,185

 
9,866

Notes receivable issued
 
(716
)
 
(3,729
)
Notes receivable repaid
 
8,640

 
1,967

Note receivable issued to and draws on line of credit by related parties
 
(24,093
)
 
(14,979
)
Repayments of line of credit by related parties
 
18,652

 
14,254

Loan origination fees received
 
2,422

 
835

Loan origination fees paid to Manager
 
(1,211
)
 
(417
)
Investment in mortgage-backed securities
(4,739
)
 

Mortgage principal received from consolidated VIE from mortgage-backed pool
171

 

Mortgage principal paid to other participants of consolidated VIE from mortgage-backed pool
(171
)
 

Acquisition of properties
 
(405,870
)
 
(222,435
)
Disposition of properties, net
 
42,269

 
148,105

Receipt of insurance proceeds for capital improvements
412

 

Additions to real estate assets - improvements
 
(18,268
)
 
(7,563
)
(Deposits) on acquisitions
 
(1,538
)
 
(920
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(371,626
)
 
(145,336
)
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable
 
211,949

 
156,280

Payments for mortgage notes payable
 
(35,231
)
 
(116,053
)
Payments for deposits and other mortgage loan costs
 
(4,359
)
 
(6,039
)
Payments for mortgage prepayment costs
 

 
(817
)
Proceeds from real estate loan participants
 
5

 
166

Payments to real estate loan participants
 
(3,664
)
 
(2,467
)
Proceeds from lines of credit
 
237,100

 
97,000

Payments on lines of credit
 
(240,400
)
 
(186,000
)
Repayment of the Term Loan
 
(11,000
)
 

Proceeds from sales of Units, net of offering costs and redemptions
 
204,201

 
132,620

Proceeds from sales of Common Stock
 

 
56,116

Proceeds from exercises of Warrants
 
12,374

 
14,901

Payments for redemptions of preferred stock
 
(8,994
)
 
(3,921
)
Common Stock dividends paid
 
(19,378
)
 
(11,711
)
Preferred stock dividends paid
 
(39,310
)
 
(28,990
)
 
 
 
 
 
(Continued on next page)
 
 
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5



Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - continued
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(In thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Distributions to non-controlling interests
 
(489
)
 
(394
)
Payments for deferred offering costs
 
(2,068
)
 
(4,459
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
300,736

 
96,232

 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
2,273

 
(6,754
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
73,012

 
67,715

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
75,285

 
$
60,961

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
38,875

 
$
28,812

 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
 
 
 
 
Accrued capital expenditures
 
$
1,621

 
$
2,132

Writeoff of fully depreciated or amortized assets and liabilities
 
$
245

 
$
387

Writeoff of fully amortized deferred loan costs
 
$
1,331

 
$

Lessee-funded tenant improvements, capitalized as landlord assets
 
$
7,490

 
$
16,200

Dividends payable - Common Stock
 
$
10,104

 
$
7,539

Dividends payable - Series A Preferred Stock
 
$
6,952

 
$
5,145

Dividends payable - mShares Preferred Stock
 
$
129

 
$
47

Dividends declared but not yet due and payable
 
$
153

 
$
12

Partnership distributions payable to non-controlling interests
 
$
273

 
$
212

Accrued and payable deferred offering costs
 
$
415

 
$
431

Offering cost reimbursement to related party
 
$
966

 
$
220

Reclass of offering costs from deferred asset to equity
 
$
1,053

 
$
1,752

Proceeds of like-kind exchange funds for dispositions
 
$

 
$
31,288

Use of like-kind exchange funds for acquisitions
 
$

 
$
31,288

Fair value issuances of equity compensation
 
$
4,972

 
$
4,088

Mortgage loans assumed on acquisitions
 
$
47,125

 
$
57,324

Noncash repayment of mortgages through refinance
 
$
37,485

 
$
65,000

 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
21,303

 
$
13,056

Restricted cash
 
53,982

 
47,905

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
75,285

 
$
60,961

 
 
 
 
 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6


Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)



1.
Organization and Basis of Presentation

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. was formed as a Maryland corporation on September 18, 2009, and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, effective with its tax year ended December 31, 2011. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to the "Company", "we", "us", or "our" refer to Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including Preferred Apartment Communities Operating Partnership, L.P., or the Operating Partnership. The Company was formed primarily to acquire and operate multifamily properties in select targeted markets throughout the United States. As part of its business strategy, the Company may enter into forward purchase contracts or purchase options for to-be-built multifamily communities and may make real estate related loans, provide deposit arrangements, or provide performance assurances, as may be necessary or appropriate, in connection with the development of multifamily communities and other properties. As a secondary strategy, the Company also may acquire or originate senior mortgage loans, subordinate loans or real estate loan investments secured by interests in multifamily properties, membership or partnership interests in multifamily properties and other multifamily related assets and invest a lesser portion of its assets in other real estate related investments, including other income-producing property types, senior mortgage loans, subordinate loans or real estate loan investments secured by interests in other income-producing property types, or membership or partnership interests in other income-producing property types as determined by its Manager (as defined below) as appropriate for the Company. The Company is externally managed and advised by Preferred Apartment Advisors, LLC, or its Manager, a Delaware limited liability company and related party (see Note 6).

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had 39,725,664 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, or Common Stock, issued and outstanding and was the approximate 97.4% owner of the Operating Partnership at that date. The number of partnership units not owned by the Company totaled 1,070,103 at June 30, 2018 and represented Class A OP Units of the Operating Partnership, or Class A OP Units. The Class A OP Units are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into the Operating Partnership's choice of either cash or Common Stock. In the case of cash, the value is determined based upon the trailing 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company's Common Stock.

The Company controls the Operating Partnership through its sole general partner interest and conducts substantially all of its business through the Operating Partnership. The Company has determined the Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity, or VIE, of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company is involved with other VIEs, such as its investment in the Freddie Mac Series 2018-ML04 mortgage loan pool, as discussed in Note 4. New Market Properties, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of grocery-anchored shopping centers. Preferred Office Properties, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of office buildings. Preferred Campus Communities, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of off-campus student housing communities. Each of these entities are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain adjustments have been made consisting of normal recurring accruals, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all the disclosures required by GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 1, 2018. Amounts are presented in thousands where indicated.
    
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Variable Interest Entities

A variable interest entity, or “VIE” is an entity that lacks sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A VIE is


7

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has a controlling financial interest in the VIE through the (a) power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance, and (b) obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The Company assesses whether it meets the power and benefits criteria and in performing this analysis, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors, including the Company’s ability to control or significantly influence key decisions of the VIE and the obligation or likelihood for the Company to fund operating losses of the VIE. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE, and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, may involve significant judgment, including the determination of which activities most significantly affect the entities’ performance, and estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by the VIE. If the Company determines that it meets both the power and benefits criteria of the VIE, the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE and the Company consolidates the entire VIE entity in its consolidated financial statements. For those VIEs which arise from the Company's investment in mortgage-backed securities and which the Company consolidates, it elects the fair value option, under which the assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE are carried at fair value. The periodic changes in fair value are included in the earnings of the Company and are reported on the line entitled Change in fair value of net assets of consolidated VIE from mortgage-backed pool on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. See note 4 for discussion related to the Company’s investment in a subordinate tranche of a collateralized mortgage-backed pool during the second quarter 2018 and Note 14 for fair value disclosures related to a consolidated VIE related to this investment.

Purchase Option Terminations

The Company will occasionally receive a purchase option on the underlying property in conjunction with extending a real estate loan investment to the developer of the property. The purchase option is often at a discount to the to-be-agreed-upon market value of the property, once stabilized. If the Company elects not to exercise the purchase option and acquire the property, it may negotiate to sell the purchase option back to the developer and receive a termination fee in consideration. The amount of the termination fee is accounted for as additional interest on the real estate loan investment and is recognized as interest revenue utilizing the effective interest method over the period beginning from the date of election until the earlier of (i) the maturity of the real estate loan investment and (ii) the sale of the property.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 ("ASU 2014-09"), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 provides a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for contracts with customers (excluding certain contracts, such as lease contracts) to improve comparability within industries. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount the entity expects to be paid in exchange for those goods and services and provide enhanced disclosures, all to provide more comprehensive guidance for transactions such as service revenue and contract modifications. The new standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or prospectively with the cumulative effect, if any, recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. In addition, the evaluation of non-lease components under ASU 2014-09 will not be effective until Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), ("ASU 2016-02") becomes effective (see further discussion below), which will be January 1, 2019 for the Company. The Company has determined that approximately 90% of its consolidated revenues are derived from either long-term leases with its tenants and reimbursement of related property tax and insurance expenses (considered executory costs of leases) or its mezzanine loan interest income, which are excluded from the scope of the ASU 2014-09. Of the remaining approximately 10% of the Company’s revenues, the majority is comprised of common area maintenance ("CAM") reimbursements and utility reimbursements, which are non-lease components. The Company has concluded that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have no material effect upon the timing of the recognition of reimbursement revenue and other miscellaneous income. The Company also evaluated its amenity and ancillary services to its multifamily and student housing residents and does not expect the timing and recognition of revenue to change as a result of implementing ASU 2014-09. Additional required disclosures regarding the nature and timing of the Company's revenue transactions will be provided upon adoption of ASU 2016-02. In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-11 (“ASU 2018-11”), which provides lessors with a practical expedient in combining lease and non-lease components, if certain criteria are met. The Company believes that adoption of the practical expedient will result in changes in presentation and disclosure of revenue being combined into one revenue component, but will have no material effect on the timing of revenue recognition.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 ("ASU 2016-01"), Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities. The new standard's applicable provisions to the Company include an elimination of the disclosure requirement of the significant inputs and assumptions underlying the fair


8

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


value calculations of its financial instruments which are carried at amortized cost. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not impact the Company's results of operations or financial condition but did reduce the required disclosures concerning financial instruments.
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 ("ASU 2016-02"), Leases (ASC 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases and supersedes the previous standard, ASC 840 Leases. The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The new lease guidance requires an entity to separate lease components from non-lease components, such as maintenance services or other activities that transfer a good or service to our residents and tenants in a contract; it also considers the reimbursement of real estate taxes and insurance as executory costs of the lease and requires that such amounts be consolidated with the base rent revenue. For lessors, the consideration in the contract is allocated to the lease and non-lease components on a relative standalone price basis in accordance with the allocation guidance in the new revenue standard. The Company concluded that adoption of ASU 2016-02 does not change the timing of revenue recognition over the lease component, which remains over a straight line method, though the reimbursement of property tax and insurance, considered executory costs of leasing, will be combined with the base rent revenue and presented within rental income instead of other income within the Company’s income statement. Non-lease components are evaluated under ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), discussed above. In its March 2018 meeting, the FASB approved a practical expedient for lessors to elect, by class of underlying assets, to not separate lease and non-lease components if both (1) the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same for the non-lease component(s) and related lease component and (2) the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. The Company anticipates adopting ASC 842 utilizing this practical expedient as it relates to its common area maintenance services.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 ("ASU 2016-13"), Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new standard requires financial instruments carried at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, utilizing a valuation account which reflects the cumulative net adjustments from the gross amortized cost value. Under existing GAAP, entities would not record a valuation allowance until a loss was probable of occurring. The standard will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating methods of deriving initial valuation accounts to be applied to its real estate loan investment portfolio and is also revising its policies for credit losses on resident and tenant receivables to comply with the expected credit loss model under this guidance. The Company is continuing to evaluate the pending guidance to gauge the materiality of the impact, if any, on its results of operations or financial condition.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15 ("ASU 2016-15"), Statement of Cash Flows—(Topic 326): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard clarifies or establishes guidance for the presentation of various cash transactions on the statement of cash flows. The portion of the guidance applicable to the Company's business activities include the requirement that cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs be presented as cash out flows for financing activities. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements, since its current policy is to classify such costs as cash out flows for financing activities. 

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18 ("ASU 2016-18"), Statement of Cash Flows—(Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires restricted cash to be presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending amounts in the statements of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018 and its adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not impact its results of operations or financial condition, but did change the line upon which changes in restricted cash are presented.

In February 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-05 (“ASU 2017-05”), Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, which provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and for partial sales of nonfinancial assets, and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018. The new standard clarifies that an entity should identify each distinct nonfinancial asset or in substance nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognize each asset when a counterparty obtains control of it. The amendments also clarify that an entity should allocate consideration to each distinct asset by applying the guidance in Topic 606 on allocating the transaction price to performance obligations for sales to customers. The Company’s sales of nonfinancial real estate assets are generally made to non-customers,


9

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


which is a scope exception under Topic 606. The Company elected to adopt this practical expedient and the proceeds from real estate sales continue to be recognized as gain or loss on sale of real estate in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

3. Real Estate Assets

The Company's real estate assets consisted of:

 
 
As of:
 
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
Properties (1)
 
31

 
30

Units
 
9,768

 
9,521

New Market Properties: (2)
 
 
 
 
Properties
 
43

 
39

Gross leasable area (square feet) (3)
 
4,449,860

 
4,055,461

Student housing properties:
 
 
 
 
Properties
 
7

 
4

Units
 
1,679

 
891

Beds
 
5,208

 
2,950

Preferred Office Properties:
 
 
 
 
Properties
 
5

 
4

Rentable square feet
 
1,539,000

 
1,352,000

 
 
 
 
 
(1) The acquired second and third phase of the Summit Crossing community is managed in combination with the initial phase and so together are considered a single property, as are the three assets that comprise the Lenox Portfolio.
(2) See Note 12, Segment information.
(3) The Company also owns approximately 47,600 square feet of gross leasable area of ground floor retail space which is embedded within the Lenox Portfolio and not included in the totals above for New Market Properties.


Multifamily communities sold

On March 20, 2018, the Company closed on the sale of its 328-unit multifamily community in Raleigh, North Carolina, or Lake Cameron, to an unrelated third party for a purchase price of approximately $43.5 million, exclusive of closing costs and resulting in a gain of $20.4 million. Lake Cameron contributed approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million of net income to the consolidated operating results of the Company for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On January 20, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of its 364-unit multifamily community in Kansas City, Kansas, or Sandstone Creek, to an unrelated third party for a purchase price of $48.1 million, exclusive of closing costs and resulting in a gain of $0.3 million. Sandstone Creek contributed approximately $0.1 million of net loss to the consolidated operating results of the Company for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

On March 7, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of its 408-unit multifamily community in Atlanta, Georgia, or Ashford Park, to an unrelated third party for a purchase price of $65.5 million, exclusive of closing costs and resulting in a gain of $30.4 million. Ashford Park contributed approximately $0.4 million of net income to the consolidated operating results of the Company for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

On May 25, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of its 300-unit multifamily community in Dallas, Texas, or Enclave at Vista Ridge, to an unrelated third party for a purchase price of $44.0 million, exclusive of closing costs and resulting in a gain of $6.9 million. Enclave at Vista Ridge contributed approximately $(0.1) million of net loss to the consolidated operating results of the Company for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.


10

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)



Each of the gains recorded for these sales transactions were net of disposition expenses and debt defeasance-related costs and prepayment premiums, as described in Note 9.

The carrying amounts of the significant assets and liabilities of the disposed properties at the dates of sale were:
 
 
Lake Cameron
 
Sandstone Creek
 
Ashford Park
 
Enclave at Vista Ridge
(in thousands)
 
March 20, 2018
 
January 20, 2017
 
March 7, 2017
 
May 25, 2017
Real estate assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
4,000

 
$
2,846

 
$
10,600

 
$
4,705

Building and improvements
 
21,519

 
41,860

 
24,075

 
29,916

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
3,687

 
5,278

 
4,223

 
2,874

Accumulated depreciation
 
(7,220
)
 
(4,809
)
 
(6,816
)
 
(3,556
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
21,986

 
$
45,175

 
$
32,082

 
$
33,939

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage note payable
 
$
19,736

 
$
30,840

 
$
25,626

 
$
24,862

Supplemental mortgage note
 

 

 
6,374

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
$
19,736

 
$
30,840

 
$
32,000

 
$
24,862


Multifamily communities acquired

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of the following multifamily communities:
Acquisition date
 
Property
 
Location
 
Units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1/9/2018
 
The Lux at Sorrel
 
Jacksonville, Florida
 
265

2/28/2018
 
Green Park
 
Atlanta, Georgia
 
310

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
575

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3/3/2017
 
Broadstone at Citrus Village
 
Tampa, Florida
 
224

3/24/2017
 
Retreat at Greystone
 
Birmingham, Alabama
 
312

3/31/2017
 
Founders Village
 
Williamsburg, Virginia
 
247

4/26/2017
 
Claiborne Crossing
 
Louisville, Kentucky
 
242

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,025


The aggregate purchase price of the multifamily acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $106.5 million. The aggregate purchase price of the multifamily acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was approximately $187.0 million. Purchase prices shown are exclusive of acquired escrows, security deposits, prepaids, capitalized acquisition costs and other miscellaneous assets and assumed liabilities.






11

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)




The Company allocated the purchase prices and capitalized acquisition costs to the acquired assets and liabilities based upon their fair values, as shown in the following table. The purchase price allocations were based upon the Company's best estimates of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities.

 
 
Multifamily Communities acquired during the six months ended:
(in thousands, except amortization period data)
 
June 30, 2018
June 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
12,810

 
$
16,348

Buildings and improvements
 
73,773

 
132,861

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
17,969

 
28,421

Lease intangibles
 
4,306

 
6,159

Prepaids & other assets
 
193

 
357

Accrued taxes
 
(166
)
 
(363
)
Security deposits, prepaid rents, and other liabilities
 
(183
)
 
(367
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired
 
$
108,702

 
$
183,416

 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
37,427

 
$
64,618

Mortgage debt, net
 
71,275

 
118,798

 
 
 
 
 
Total consideration
 
$
108,702

 
$
183,416

 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
2,514

 
$
4,563

Net income (loss)
 
$
(2,028
)
 
$
(1,223
)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
3,980

 
$
8,956

Net income (loss)
 
$
(3,543
)
 
$
(3,715
)
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized acquisition costs incurred by the Company
 
$
2,347

 
$
2,237

Acquisition costs paid to related party (included above)
 
$
1,094

 
$
110

Remaining amortization period of intangible
 
 
 
 
 assets and liabilities (months)
 
9.9

 
0.0




Student housing properties

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of the following student housing properties:
Acquisition date
 
Property
 
Location
 
Units
 
Beds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5/10/2018
 
The Tradition
 
College Station, Texas
 
427

 
808

5/31/2018
 
The Retreat at Orlando
 
Orlando, Florida
 
221

 
894

6/27/2018
 
The Bloc
 
Lubbock, Texas
 
140

 
556

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
788

 
2,258

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2/28/2017
 
Sol
 
Tempe, Arizona
 
224

 
639


The aggregate purchase price of the student housing acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $197.0 million. The aggregate purchase price of the student housing acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was approximately $53.3 million. Purchase prices shown are exclusive of acquired escrows, security deposits, prepaids, capitalized acquisition costs and other miscellaneous assets and assumed liabilities.



12

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The Company allocated the purchase prices and capitalized acquisition costs to the acquired assets and liabilities based upon their fair values, as shown in the following table. The purchase price allocations were based upon the Company's best estimates of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities.
 
 
Student housing properties acquired during the six months ended:

(in thousands, except amortization period data)
 
June 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
23,149

 
$
7,441

Buildings and improvements
 
146,856

 
40,059

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
27,211

 
3,771

Lease intangibles
 
2,493

 
2,344

Below market leases
 
(54
)
 

Prepaids & other assets
 
309

 
51

Accrued taxes
 
(942
)
 
(72
)
Security deposits, prepaid rents, and other liabilities
 
(719
)
 
(377
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired
 
$
198,303

 
$
53,217

 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
92,212

 
$
15,732

Mortgage debt, net
 
106,091

 
37,485

 
 
 
 
 
Total consideration
 
$
198,303

 
$
53,217

 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
1,486

 
$
1,363

Net income (loss)
 
$
(2,019
)
 
$
(398
)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
1,486

 
$
2,707

Net income (loss)
 
$
(2,019
)
 
$
(693
)
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized acquisition costs incurred by the Company
 
$
2,555

 
$
290

Acquisition costs paid to related party (included above)
 
$
1,970

 
$
60

 
 
 
 
 
Remaining amortization period of intangible
 
 
 
 
 assets and liabilities (months)
 
5.2

 
0.0


























13

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


New Market Properties

During the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of the following grocery-anchored shopping centers:
Acquisition date
 
Property
 
Location
 
Gross leasable area (square feet)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4/27/2018
 
Greensboro Village
 
Nashville, Tennessee
 
70,203

4/27/2018
 
Governors Towne Square
 
Atlanta, Georgia
 
68,658

6/26/2018
 
Neapolitan Way
 
Naples, Florida
 
137,580

6/29/2018
 
Conway Plaza
 
Orlando, Florida
 
117,705

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
394,146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4/21/2017
 
Castleberry-Southard
 
Atlanta, Georgia
 
80,018

6/6/2017
 
Rockbridge Village
 
Atlanta, Georgia
 
102,432

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
182,450

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The aggregate purchase price of the New Market Properties acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $84.6 million. The aggregate purchase price of the New Market Properties acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was approximately $37.9 million. Purchase prices shown are exclusive of acquired escrows, security deposits, prepaids, capitalized acquisition costs and other miscellaneous assets and assumed liabilities.

































14

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The Company allocated the purchase prices to the acquired assets and liabilities based upon their fair values, as shown in the following table. The purchase price allocation was based upon the Company's best estimates of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities.
 
 
New Market Properties acquired during the six months ended:

(in thousands, except amortization period data)
 
June 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
24,504

 
$
6,165

Buildings and improvements
 
50,086

 
29,137

Tenant improvements
 
4,018

 
949

In-place leases
 
6,177

 
2,240

Above market leases
 
1,383

 
182

Leasing costs
 
2,011

 
767

Below market leases
 
(2,765
)
 
(1,414
)
Other assets
 

 
76

Other liabilities
 
(812
)
 
(252
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired
 
$
84,622

 
$
37,850

 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
54,914

 
$
8,339

Use of 1031 proceeds
 

 
3,761

Mortgage debt
 
29,708

 
25,750

 
 
 
 
 
Total consideration
 
$
84,622

 
$
37,850

 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
513

 
$
875

Net income (loss)
 
$
(248
)
 
$
(54
)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
513

 
$
1,763

Net income (loss)
 
$
(248
)
 
$
(45
)
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized acquisition costs incurred by the Company
 
$
1,229

 
$
201

Capitalized acquisition costs paid to related party (included above)
 
$
869

 
$
42

Remaining amortization period of intangible
 
 
 
 
 assets and liabilities (years)
 
6.0

 
8.5

 
 
 
 
 

Preferred Office Properties

On January 29, 2018, the Company acquired Armour Yards, a collection of four adaptive re-use office buildings comprised of approximately 187,000 square feet of office space in Atlanta, Georgia. The gross purchase price was $66.5 million, exclusive of credited unfunded leasing costs, security deposits, prepaids, capitalized acquisition costs and other miscellaneous assets and assumed liabilities.

The Company allocated the purchase prices and capitalized acquisition costs to the acquired assets and liabilities based upon their fair values, as shown in the following table. The purchase price allocations were based upon the Company's best estimates of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities.




15

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


 
 
Preferred Office Properties acquired during the six months ended:
(in thousands, except amortization period data)
 
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
Land
 
$
6,756

Buildings and improvements
 
48,332

Tenant improvements
 
6,201

In-place leases
 
3,762

Above-market leases
 
61

Leasing costs
 
2,181

Below-market leases
 
(1,594
)
Security deposits, prepaid rents, and other liabilities
 
(4,335
)
 
 
 
Net assets acquired
 
$
61,364

 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
21,364

Mortgage debt, net
 
40,000

 
 
 
Total consideration
 
$
61,364

 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
Revenue
 
$
1,418

Net income (loss)
 
$
(84
)
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2018:
 
 
Revenue
 
$
2,373

Net income (loss)
 
$
(254
)
 
 
 
Capitalized acquisition costs incurred by the Company
 
$
817

Acquisition costs paid to related party (included above)
 
$
665

Remaining amortization period of intangible
 
 
 assets and liabilities (years)
 
7.4


For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company did not acquire any office buildings under Preferred Office Properties.

The Company recorded aggregate amortization and depreciation expense of:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings and improvements
 
$
18,356

 
$
13,424

 
$
35,834

 
$
25,845

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
 
11,398

 
7,352

 
21,910

 
13,219

 
 
29,754

 
20,776

 
57,744

 
39,064

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired intangible assets
 
12,209

 
7,521

 
24,709

 
14,020

Deferred leasing costs
 
105

 
149

 
196

 
182

Website development costs
 
27

 
11

 
62

 
17

Total depreciation and amortization
 
$
42,095

 
$
28,457

 
$
82,711

 
$
53,283


At June 30, 2018, the Company had recorded acquired gross intangible assets of $196.5 million, and accumulated amortization of $96.7 million; gross intangible liabilities of $51.4 million and accumulated amortization of $11.0 million. Net intangible assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2018 will be amortized over weighted average remaining amortization periods of approximately 7.1 years and 9.2 years, respectively.


16

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)



Purchase Options
In the course of extending real estate loan investments for property development, the Company will often receive an exclusive option to purchase the property once development and stabilization are complete. If the Company determines that it does not wish to acquire the property, it has the right to sell its purchase option back to the borrower for a termination fee in the amount of the purchase option discount.
On May 7, 2018, the Company terminated its existing purchase options on the Encore, Bishop Street and Hidden River multifamily communities and the Haven 46 and Haven Charlotte student housing properties, all of which are partially supported by real estate loan investments held by the Company. In exchange, the Company received termination fees aggregating approximately $12.5 million from the developers. These fees are treated as additional interest revenue and are amortized over the period ending with the earlier of (i) the sale of the underlying property and (ii) the maturity of the real estate loans. For the second quarter 2018, the Company recorded approximately $2.2 million of interest revenue related to these transactions.

4.     Real Estate Loans, Notes Receivable, and Line of Credit

Our portfolio of fixed rate, interest-only real estate loans consisted of:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Number of loans
 
21

 
23

Drawn amount
 
$
376,091

 
$
388,506

Deferred loan origination fees
 
(1,883
)
 
(1,710
)
Carrying value
 
$
374,208

 
$
386,796

 
 
 
 
 
Unfunded loan commitments
 
$
136,720

 
$
67,063

Weighted average current interest, per annum (paid monthly)
 
8.48
%
 
8.53
%
Weighted average accrued interest, per annum
 
5.82
%
 
4.99
%

(In thousands)
 
Principal balance
 
Deferred loan origination fees
 
Carrying value
Balances as of December 31, 2017
 
$
388,506

 
$
(1,710
)
 
$
386,796

Loan fundings
 
117,771

 

 
117,771

Loan repayments
 
(53,165
)
 

 
(53,165
)
Loans settled with property acquisitions
 
(77,021
)
 

 
(77,021
)
Origination fees collected
 

 
(1,210
)
 
(1,210
)
Amortization of commitment fees
 

 
1,037

 
1,037

Balances as of June 30, 2018
 
$
376,091

 
$
(1,883
)
 
$
374,208


Property type
 
Number of loans
 
Carrying value
 
Commitment amount
 
Percentage of portfolio
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
 
15

 
$
297,475

 
$
432,016

 
79
%
Student housing properties
 
4

 
60,764

 
64,438

 
16
%
Grocery-anchored shopping centers
 
1

 
12,855

 
12,857

 
3
%
Other
 
1

 
3,114

 
3,500

 
2
%
Balances as of June 30, 2018
 
21

 
$
374,208

 
$
512,811

 
 



17

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


Certain of the Company's real estate loan investments are subject to loan participation agreements with unaffiliated third parties. The Company's Palisades loan is subject to such an agreement, under which the syndicate is to fund approximately 25% of the loan commitment amount and collectively receive approximately 25% of interest payments, returns of principal and purchase option discount (if applicable). The Company's Encore loan is subject to a loan participation agreement of 49% of the loan commitment amount, interest payments, and return of principal. The aggregate amount of the Company's unearned purchase option terminations is presented in the liabilities section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2018, the balance was approximately $10.9 million.

The Company's real estate loan investments are collateralized by 100% of the membership interests of the underlying project entity, and, where considered necessary, by unconditional joint and several repayment guaranties and performance guaranties by the principal(s) of the borrowers. These guaranties generally remain in effect until the receipt of a final certificate of occupancy. All of the guaranties are subject to the rights held by the senior lender pursuant to a standard intercreditor agreement. Prepayment of the real estate loans are permitted in whole, but not in part, without the Company's consent.

Management monitors the credit quality of the obligors under each of the Company's real estate loans by tracking the timeliness of scheduled interest and principal payments relative to the due dates as specified in the loan documents, as well as draw requests on the loans relative to the project budgets. In addition, management monitors the actual progress of development and construction relative to the construction plan, as well as local, regional and national economic conditions that may bear on our current and target markets. The credit quality of the Company’s borrowers is primarily based on their payment history on an individual loan basis, and as such, the Company does not assign quantitative credit value measures or categories to its real estate loans and notes receivable in credit quality categories. At June 30, 2018, none of the Company's real estate loans were delinquent.
    
At June 30, 2018, our portfolio of notes and lines of credit receivable consisted of:

Borrower
 
Date of loan
 
Maturity date
 
Total loan commitments
 
Outstanding balance as of:
 
Interest rate
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
360 Residential, LLC (1)
 
3/20/2013
 
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
2,000

 
12
%
 
Preferred Capital Marketing Services, LLC (3)
 
1/24/2013
 
12/31/2018
 
1,500

 
803

 
926

 
10
%
 
Preferred Apartment Advisors, LLC (2,3,4)
 
8/21/2012
 
12/31/2018
 
18,000

 
15,533

 
14,488

 
6
%
 
Haven Campus Communities, LLC (2,3)
 
6/11/2014
 
12/31/2018
 
11,660

 
11,620

 
7,325

 
8
%
(5) 
Oxford Capital Partners, LLC (2,6)
 
10/5/2015
 
6/30/2019
 
8,000

 
5,988

 
6,628

 
12
%
 
Newport Development Partners, LLC (7)
 
6/17/2014
 
6/30/2019
 
2,000

 

 

 
12
%
 
360 Residential, LLC II (1)
 
12/30/2015
 
 
 

 

 
3,255

 
15
%
 
Mulberry Development Group, LLC (2)
 
3/31/2016
 
6/30/2019
 
500

 
495

 
479

 
12
%
 
Mulberry Alexandria Group, LLC (8)
 
7/31/2017
 
 
 

 

 
1,921

 
12
%
 
360 Capital Company, LLC (2)
 
5/24/2016
 
12/31/2019
 
3,400

 
2,917

 
3,041

 
12
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unamortized loan fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
(6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
45,060

 
$
37,356

 
$
40,057

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The amount payable under the note was repaid during the first quarter 2018.
(2) The amounts payable under the terms of these revolving credit lines are collateralized by a personal guaranty of repayment by the principals of the borrower.
(3) See related party disclosure in Note 6.
(4) The amounts payable under this revolving credit line were collateralized by an assignment of the Manager's rights to fees due under the Sixth Amended and Restated Management Agreement between the Company and the Manager, or the Management Agreement.
(5) Effective January 1, 2018, the interest rate was lowered from 12.0% per annum to 8.0% per annum.
(6) The amounts payable under the terms of this revolving credit line, up to the lesser of 25% of the loan balance or $2.0 million, are collateralized by a personal guaranty of repayment by the principals of the borrower.
(7) A revolving line of credit, the maturity of which was extended as shown during the second quarter 2018.
(8) The amount payable under the note was repaid during the second quarter 2018.


18

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


    
The Company recorded interest income and other revenue from these instruments as follows:
Interest income
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current interest payments
 
$
8,686

 
$
7,979

 
$
17,191

 
$
15,041

Additional accrued interest
 
5,469

 
4,475

 
10,195

 
8,888

Deferred origination fee amortization
 
607

 
328

 
1,038

 
587

Deferred purchase option termination fee revenue
 
2,470

 

 
2,470

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total real estate loan revenue
 
17,232

 
12,782

 
30,894

 
24,516

Interest income on notes and lines of credit
 
800

 
1,046

 
1,703

 
2,074

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income on loans and notes receivable
 
$
18,032

 
$
13,828

 
$
32,597

 
$
26,590


The Company extends loans for purposes such as to partially finance the development of multifamily residential communities, to acquire land in anticipation of developing and constructing multifamily residential communities, and for other real estate or real estate related projects. Certain of these loans include characteristics such as exclusive options to purchase the project within a specific time window following project completion and stabilization, the sufficiency of the borrowers' investment at risk and the existence of payment and performance guaranties provided by the borrowers, can cause the loans to create variable interests to the Company and require further evaluation as to whether the variable interest creates a VIE, which would necessitate consolidation of the project.
The Company considers the facts and circumstances pertinent to each entity borrowing under the loan, including the relative amount of financing the Company is contributing to the overall project cost, decision making rights or control held by the Company, guarantees provided by third parties, and rights to expected residual gains or obligations to absorb expected residual losses that could be significant from the project. If the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE, consolidation treatment would be required.
The Company has no decision making authority or power to direct activity, except normal lender rights, which are subordinate to the senior loans on the projects. The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the borrowing entities and therefore it has not consolidated these entities in its consolidated financial statements. The Company's maximum exposure to loss from these loans is their drawn amount as of June 30, 2018 of approximately $376.1 million. The maximum aggregate amount of loans to be funded as of June 30, 2018 was approximately $512.8 million, which includes approximately $136.7 million of loan committed amounts not yet funded.
The Company has evaluated its real estate loans, where appropriate, for accounting treatment as loans versus real estate development projects, as required by ASC 310. For each loan, the characteristics and the facts and circumstances indicate that loan accounting treatment is appropriate.
The Company is also subject to a geographic concentration of risk that could be considered significant with regard to the Encore, Encore Capital, Bishop Street, Dawsonville Marketplace, 360 Forsyth, Morosgo, Morosgo Capital, TP Kennesaw and TP Kennesaw Capital loans, all of which are partially supporting proposed various real estate projects in or near Atlanta, Georgia. The drawn amount of these loans as of June 30, 2018 totaled approximately $96.9 million (with a total commitment amount of approximately $107.3 million) and in the event of a total failure to perform by the borrowers and guarantors, would subject the Company to a total possible loss of the drawn amount.

Subordinate mortgage pool investment

On May 23, 2018, the Company purchased a subordinate tranche of Series 2018-ML04, a pool of 20 multifamily mortgages with a total pool size of approximately $276.3 million, from the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or "Freddie Mac". The purchase price of the subordinate tranche was approximately $4.7 million and has a weighted average maturity of approximately 16 years, at which time the Company will collect the face value of its tranche of $27.6 million. The yield to maturity of the subordinate tranche is approximately 11.5% per annum.



19

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The Company has evaluated the structure of the investment under the VIE rules and has determined that, due to the Company's position as directing certificate holder of 2018-ML04, it is in the position most able to influence the financial performance of the trust. As the subordinate tranche holder, the Company also holds the first loss position of 2018-ML04. As such, the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE and has consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the entire trust in its consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended June 30, 2018. The Company's maximum exposure to loss is approximately $4.6 million. The Company has no recourse liability to either the creditors or other beneficial interest holders of 2018-ML04.

5. Redeemable Preferred Stock and Equity Offerings
At June 30, 2018, the Company's active equity offerings consisted of:

an offering of a maximum of 1,500,000 Units, with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and one Warrant to purchase up to 20 shares of Common Stock (the "$1.5 Billion Unit Offering");

an offering of up to a maximum of 500,000 shares of Series M Redeemable Preferred Stock (“mShares”), par value $0.01 per share (the “mShares Offering”); and

an offering of up to $300 million of equity or debt securities (the "Shelf Offering"), including an offering of up to $150 million of Common Stock from time to time in an "at the market" offering (the "2016 ATM Offering").

Certain offering costs are specifically identifiable to offering closing transactions, such as commissions, dealer manager fees, and other registration fees. These costs are reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity at the time of closing. Other offering costs are not related to specific closing transactions and are recognized as a reduction of stockholders' equity in the proportion of the number of instruments issued to the maximum number of Units anticipated to be issued. Any offering costs not yet reclassified as reductions of stockholders' equity are are reflected in the asset section of the consolidated balance sheets as deferred offering costs.

As of June 30, 2018, cumulative gross proceeds and offering costs for our active equity offerings consisted of:

(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Offering Costs
 
 
 
 
Offering
 
Total offering
 
Gross proceeds as of June 30, 2018
 
% collected of total offering
 
Reclassified as reductions of stockholders' equity
 
Recorded as deferred assets
 
Total
 
Specifically identifiable offering costs (2)
 
Total offering costs
$1.5 Billion Unit Offering
 
$
1,500,000

 
$
473,590

 
32
%
 
$
1,490

 
$
3,230

 
$
4,720

 
$
44,821

 
$
49,541

mShares Offering
 
500,000

 
28,844

 
6
%
 
205

 
3,344

 
3,549

 
1,363

 
4,912

Shelf Offering
 
300,000

(1) 
98,080

 
33
%
 
664

 
1,302

 
1,966

 
3,001

 
4,967

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
2,300,000

 
$
600,514

 
 
 
$
2,359

 
$
7,876

 
$
10,235

 
$
49,185

 
$
59,420


(1) A total of $150 million of the $300 million Shelf Offering is allocated exclusively to the 2016 ATM Offering.

(2) These offering costs specifically identifiable to Unit offering closing transactions, such as commissions, dealer manager fees, and other registration fees, are reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity at the time of closing.

Aggregate offering expenses of the $1.5 Billion Unit Offering, including selling commissions and dealer manager fees, and of the mShares Offering, including dealer manager fees, are each individually capped at 11.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the two offerings, of which the Company will reimburse its Manager up to 1.5% of the gross proceeds of such offerings for all organization and offering expenses incurred, excluding selling commissions and dealer manager fees for the $1.5 Billion Unit Offering and excluding dealer manager fees for the mShares Offering; however, upon approval by the conflicts committee of the board of directors, the Company may reimburse its Manager for any such expenses incurred above the 1.5% amount as permitted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA.



20

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


6. Related Party Transactions
On April 16, 2018, John A. Williams, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, passed away. The Company's Haven 12, Haven 46, and Haven Charlotte real estate loans and the Haven Campus Communities' line of credit are supported in part by guaranties of repayment and performance by John A. Williams, Jr., John A. Williams' son. Because the terms of these loans were negotiated and agreed upon while John A. Williams was the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, these instruments will continue to be reported as related party transactions until the loans are repaid. The Company named Daniel M. DuPree as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Leonard A. Silverstein was named Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and continues as the Company's President and Chief Operating Officer.

As of June 30, 2018, Daniel M. DuPree and Leonard A. Silverstein are also executive officers and directors of NELL Partners, Inc., which controls the Manager. As of June 30, 2018, Mr. DuPree and Mr. Silverstein comprised the board of directors of Nell Partners, Inc. Mr. DuPree is the Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Silverstein is the President and Chief Operating Officer of the Manager.

The Management Agreement entitles the Manager to receive compensation for various services it performs related to acquiring assets and managing properties on the Company's behalf:
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Type of Compensation
 
Basis of Compensation
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition fees
 
As of July 1, 2017, 1.0% of the gross purchase price of real estate assets
 
$
2,861

 
$

 
$
4,620

 
$

Loan origination fees
 
1.0% of the maximum commitment of any real estate loan, note or line of credit receivable
 
411

 
417

 
1,211

 
417

Loan coordination fees
 
1.6% of any assumed, new or supplemental debt incurred in connection with an acquired property. Effective July 1, 2017, the fee was reduced to 0.6% of any such debt
 
814

 
956

 
1,554

 
3,010

Asset management fees
 
Monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the total book value of assets, as adjusted
 
3,600

 
3,059

 
7,265

 
6,122

Property management fees
 
Monthly fee up to 4% of the monthly gross revenues of the properties managed
 
2,148

 
1,560

 
4,241

 
2,985

General and administrative expense fees
 
Monthly fee equal to 2% of the monthly gross revenues of the Company
 
1,535

 
1,260

 
2,968

 
2,544

Construction management fees
 
Quarterly fee for property renovation and takeover projects
 
142

 
89

 
273

 
160

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
11,511

 
$
7,341

 
$
22,132

 
$
15,238


The Manager may, in its discretion, waive some or all of the asset management, property management, or general and administrative fees for properties owned by the Company. The waived fees are converted at the time of waiver into contingent fees, which are earned by the Manager only in the event of a sales transaction, and whereby the Company’s capital contributions for the property being sold exceed a 7% annual rate of return. The Company will recognize in future periods to the extent, if any, it determines that the sales transaction is probable, and that the estimated net sale proceeds would exceed the annual rate of return hurdle. A cumulative total of approximately $8.5 million of combined asset management and general and administrative fees related to acquired properties as of June 30, 2018 have been waived by the Manager. A total of $7.7 million remains contingent and could possibly be earned by the Manager in the future.


21

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


As of July 1, 2017, the Manager reduced the loan coordination fee from 1.6% to 0.6% of the amount of assumed, new or incremental debt which leverages acquired real estate assets. In addition, the Manager reinstated a 1% acquisition fee charged on the cost of acquired real estate assets, which had historically been charged prior to its replacement effective January 1, 2016 by the 1.6% loan coordination fee. These changes were put in place to reflect a shift in the efforts of the Manager in property acquisitions.

In addition to property management fees, the Company incurred the following reimbursable on-site personnel salary and related benefits expenses at the properties, which are listed on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
(in thousands)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
$
3,930

 
$
3,018

 
$
7,539

 
$
5,795


The Manager utilizes its own and its affiliates' personnel to accomplish certain tasks related to raising capital that would typically be performed by third parties, including, but not limited to, legal and marketing functions. As permitted under the Management Agreement, the Manager was reimbursed $238,538 and $220,182 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and Preferred Capital Securities, LLC, or PCS, was reimbursed $727,601 and $511,390 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These costs are recorded as deferred offering costs until such time as additional closings occur on the $1.5 Billion Unit Offering, mShares Offering or the Shelf Offering, at which time they are reclassified on a pro-rata basis as a reduction of offering proceeds within stockholders’ equity.

In addition to the fees described above, the Management Agreement also entitles the Manager to other potential fees, including a disposition fee of 1% of the sale price of a real estate asset. The Manager earned disposition fees totaling $434,500 for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 on the sale of the Lake Cameron property, and $1,576,000 for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 on the sale of the Ashford Park, Sandstone Creek and Enclave at Vista Ridge properties. These fees are included in the Gain on sale of real estate, net of disposition expenses line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Manager also receives leasing commission fees. Retail leasing commission fees (a) for new retail leases are equal to the greater of (i) $4.00 per square foot, and (ii) 4.0% of the aggregate base rental payments to be made by the tenant for the first 10 years of the original lease term; and (b) for lease renewals are equal to the greater of (i) $2.00 per square foot, and (ii) 2.0% of the aggregate base rental payments to be made by the tenant for the first 10 years of the newly renewed lease term. There are no commissions payable on retail lease renewals thereafter. Office leasing commission fees (a) for new office leases are equal to 50.0% of the first month’s gross rent plus 2.0% of the remaining fixed gross rent on the guaranteed lease term, (b) in the event of co-broker participation in a new lease, the leasing commission determined for a new lease are equal to 150.0% of the first month’s gross rent plus 6% of the remaining fixed gross rent of the guaranteed lease term, and (c) for lease renewals, are equal to 2% of the fixed gross rent of the guaranteed lease term or, in the event of a co-broker, 6% of the fixed gross rent of the guaranteed lease term. Office leasing commission fees may not exceed market rates for office leasing services.

The Company holds a promissory note in the amount of approximately $803,000 due from Preferred Capital Marketing Services, LLC, or PCMS, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NELL Partners.

The Company has extended a revolving line of credit with a maximum borrowing amount of $18.0 million to its Manager.

7. Dividends and Distributions

The Company declares and pays monthly cash dividend distributions on its Series A Preferred Stock in the amount of $5.00 per share per month and beginning in March 2017, on its Series M Preferred Stock, on an escalating scale of $4.79 per month in year one, increasing to $6.25 per month in year eight and beyond. All preferred stock dividends are prorated for partial months at issuance as necessary. The Company declared quarterly cash dividends on its Common Stock of $0.505 and $0.455 per share for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The holders of Class A OP Units of the Operating Partnership are entitled to equivalent distributions as those declared on the Common Stock. At June 30, 2018, the Company had 1,070,103 Class A OP Units outstanding, which are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for shares of Common Stock or the equivalent amount of cash.






22

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The Company's dividend and distribution activity consisted of:
 
 
Dividends and distributions declared

 
For the six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Series A Preferred Stock
 
$
39,737

 
$
29,609

mShares
 
704

 

Common Stock
 
19,906

 
13,510

Class A OP Units
 
542

 
411

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
60,889

 
$
43,530


8. Equity Compensation
Stock Incentive Plan
On February 25, 2011, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and the Company’s stockholders approved, the Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan to incentivize, compensate and retain eligible officers, consultants, and non-employee directors. On May 7, 2015, the Company's stockholders approved the third amendment to the Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, or, as amended, the 2011 Plan, which amendment increased the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance under the 2011 Plan from 1,317,500 to 2,617,500 and extended the expiration date of the 2011 Plan to December 31, 2019.

Equity compensation expense by award type for the Company was:
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 Unamortized expense as of June 30,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class B Unit awards:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive officers - 2016
 
$
74

 
$
74

 
$
148

 
$
163

 
$
151

Executive officers - 2017
 
88

 
679

 
195

 
1,334

 
529

Executive officers - 2018
 
648

 

 
1,464

 

 
2,166

Restricted stock grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 

 
34

 

 
137

 

2017
 
 
30

 
60

 
120

 
60

 

2018
 
 
60

 

 
60

 

 
300

Restricted stock units:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
22

 
24

 
43

 
50

 
130

2018
 
 
28

 

 
55

 

 
275

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
$
950

 
$
871

 
$
2,085

 
$
1,744

 
$
3,551




23

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


Restricted Stock Grants

The following annual grants of restricted stock were made to members of the Company's independent directors, as payment of the annual retainer fees. The restricted stock grants for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 service years vested (or are scheduled to vest) on a pro-rata basis over the four consecutive 90-day periods following the date of grant.
Service year
 
Shares
 
Fair value per share
 
Total compensation cost (in thousands)
2016
 
30,990

 
$
13.23

 
$
410

2017
 
24,408

 
$
14.75

 
$
360

2018
 
24,810

 
$
14.51

 
$
360


Class B OP Units

On January 4, 2016, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to grant 265,931 Class B Units of the Operating Partnership or Class B OP units, for service to be rendered during 2016, 2017 and 2018. On January 3, 2017, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to grant 286,392 Class B OP Units, for service to be rendered during 2017, 2018 and 2019. On January 2, 2018, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to grant 256,087 Class B OP Units, for service to be rendered during 2018, 2019 and 2020.

On January 2, 2018, John A. Williams, the late Chief Executive Officer of the Company, was granted 53,746 Class B OP Units.  On April 16, 2018, Mr. Williams passed away and his granted Class B OP Units were modified on a pro-rata basis as of the date of his death.  Of the 53,746 Class B OP Units granted to Mr. Williams, 38,284 Class B OP Units with a total fair value of approximately $638,000 were forfeited.  The remaining 15,462 Class B OP Units will become Vested Class B Units on January 2, 2019, and will remain subject to the earning provision of all Class B Unit grants in order to convert to Class A OP Units.

Because of the market condition vesting requirement that determines the transition of the Vested Class B Units to Earned Class B Units, a Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to calculate the total fair values, which will be amortized as compensation expense over the periods beginning on the grant dates through the Initial Valuation Dates. On January 3, 2017, all of the 265,931 Class B OP Units granted on January 3, 2016 became earned and 206,534 automatically vested and converted to Class A Units. Of the remaining earned Class B OP Units, 29,699 vested and automatically converted to Class A Units on January 2, 2018 and the final 29,698 earned Class B OP Units will vest and automatically convert to Class A Units on January 2, 2019, assuming each grantee fulfills the requisite service requirement. On January 2, 2018, all of the 286,392 Class B OP Units granted on January 2, 2017 became vested and 227,599 automatically became earned and converted to Class A Units. Of the remaining earned Class B OP Units, 29,401 will vest and automatically convert to Class A Units on January 2, 2019 and the final 29,392 earned Class B OP Units will vest and automatically convert to Class A Units on January 2, 2020, assuming each grantee fulfills the requisite service requirement.



24

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The underlying valuation assumptions and results for the Class B OP Unit awards were:
Grant dates
 
1/2/2018
 
1/3/2017
Stock price
 
$
20.19

 
$
14.79

Dividend yield
 
4.95
%
 
5.95
%
Expected volatility
 
25.70
%
 
26.40
%
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.71
%
 
2.91
%
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Units granted:
 
 
 
 
One year vesting period
 
171,988

 
198,184

Three year vesting period
 
84,099

 
88,208

 
 
256,087

 
286,392

 
 
 
 
 
Calculated fair value per Unit
 
$
16.66

 
$
11.92

 
 
 
 
 
Total fair value of Units
 
$
4,266,409

 
$
3,413,793

 
 
 
 
 
Target market threshold increase
 
$
5,660,580

 
$
4,598,624


The expected dividend yield assumptions were derived from the Company’s closing prices of the Common Stock on the grant dates and the projected future quarterly dividend payments per share of $0.22 for the 2017 awards and $0.25 for the 2018 awards.

For the 2017 and 2018 awards, the Company's own stock price history was utilized as the basis for deriving the expected volatility assumption.

The risk-free rate assumptions were obtained from the Federal Reserve yield table and were calculated as the interpolated rate between the 20 and 30 year yield percentages on U. S. Treasury securities on the grant dates.

Since the Class B OP Units have no expiration date, a derived service period of one year was utilized, which equals the period of time from the grant date to the initial valuation date.    

Restricted Stock Units

On January 3, 2017, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to grant 26,900 restricted stock units, or RSUs to certain employees of affiliates of the Company, for service to be rendered during 2017, 2018 and 2019. On January 2, 2018, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to grant 20,720 restricted stock units, or RSUs, for service to be rendered during 2018, 2019 and 2020.

The RSUs vest in three equal consecutive one-year tranches from the date of grant. For each grant, on the Initial Valuation Date, the market capitalization of the number of shares of Common Stock at the date of grant is compared to the market capitalization of the same number of shares of Common Stock at the Initial Valuation Date. If the market capitalization measure results in an increase which exceeds the target market threshold, the Vested RSUs become earned RSUs and automatically convert into Common Stock on a one-to-one basis. Vested RSUs may become Earned RSUs on a pro-rata basis should the result of the market capitalization test be an increase of less than the target market threshold. Any Vested RSUs that do not become Earned RSUs on the Initial Valuation Date are subsequently remeasured on a quarterly basis until such time as all Vested RSUs become Earned RSUs or are forfeited due to termination of continuous service due to an event other than as a result of a qualified event, which is generally the death or disability of the holder. Continuous service through the final valuation date is required for the Vested RSUs to qualify to become fully Earned RSUs.

Because RSUs are valued using the identical market condition vesting requirement that determines the transition of the Vested Class B Units to Earned Class B Units, the same valuation assumptions and Monte Carlo result of $16.66 and $11.92 per RSU were utilized to calculate the total fair values of the RSUs of $345,195 and $320,648 for the 2018 and 2017 grants, respectively. The total fair value amounts pertaining to grants of RSUs, net of forfeitures, are amortized as compensation expense over the three one-year periods ending on the three successive anniversaries of the grant dates. As of June 30, 2018, a total of 4,760 RSUs have been forfeited from the 2017 grant and a total of 880 RSUs have been forfeited from the 2018 grant.




25

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


9. Indebtedness

Mortgage Notes Payable

Mortgage Financing of Property Acquisitions

The Company partially financed the real estate properties acquired during the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 with mortgage debt as shown in the following table:
Property
 
Date
 
Initial principal amount
(in thousands)
 
Fixed/Variable rate
 
Rate
 
Maturity date
Lux at Sorrel
 
1/9/2018
 
$
31,525

 
Fixed
 
3.91
%
 
2/1/2030
Green Park
 
2/28/2018
 
39,750

 
Fixed
 
4.09
%
 
3/10/2028
Armour Yards
 
1/29/2018
 
40,000

 
Fixed
 
4.10
%
 
2/1/2028
Anderson Central (1)
 
3/16/2018
 
12,000

 
Fixed
 
4.32
%
 
4/1/2028
Greensboro Village
 
5/22/2018
 
8,550

 
Fixed
 
4.20
%
 
6/1/2028
Governors Towne Square
 
5/22/2018
 
11,375

 
Fixed
 
4.20
%
 
6/1/2028
Conway Plaza  
 
6/29/2018
 
9,783

 
Fixed
 
4.29
%
 
7/5/2028
The Tradition
 
5/10/2018
 
30,000

 
400 + LIBOR
 
6.09
%
 
6/6/2021
Retreat at Orlando (2)
 
5/31/2018
 
47,125

 
Fixed
 
4.09
%
 
9/1/2025
The Bloc
 
6/27/2018
 
28,966

 
355 + LIBOR
 
5.64
%
 
7/9/2021
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
259,074

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
(1) Anderson Central was acquired in 2016 and subsequent financing was obtained in March 2018.
(2) The mortgage for the Retreat at Orlando was assumed at acquisition.

Repayments and Refinancings

The sale of Lake Cameron on March 20, 2018 resulted in $0.4 million of debt defeasance related costs, which were netted against the gain on the sale of the property.

The sale of Sandstone Creek on January 20, 2017, resulted in $1.4 million of debt defeasance related costs. The sale of Ashford Park on March 7, 2017, resulted in $1.1 million of debt defeasance related costs plus a prepayment premium of approximately $0.4 million, which were netted against the gain on the sale of the property.

On March 29, 2018, the Company refinanced the mortgage on its Sol student housing property. A short-term bridge loan was used to replace the mortgage being held on the Acquisition Facility.  The mortgage principal balance of approximately $37.5 million remained the same under the new financing arrangement, and the existing variable interest rate decreased 10 basis points, to 210 basis points over LIBOR.  As a result of the refinance, the Company incurred expenses of approximately $41,000, which are included within the Interest Expense line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.



26

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The following table summarizes our mortgage notes payable at June 30, 2018:
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed rate mortgage debt:
 
Principal balances due
 
Weighted-average interest rate
 
Weighted average remaining life (years)
Multifamily communities
 
$
927,782

 
3.76
%
 
7.4
New Market Properties
 
385,555

 
3.87
%
 
7.3
Preferred Office Properties
 
246,782

 
4.20
%
 
16.6
Student housing properties
 
126,026

 
3.97
%
 
3.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed rate mortgage debt
 
$
1,686,145

 
3.87
%
 
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate mortgage debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
 
$
159,885

 
4.18
%
 
3.0
New Market Properties
 
62,011

 
4.61
%
 
3.1
Preferred Office Properties
 

 

 
0
Student housing properties
 
127,851

 
5.19
%
 
1.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable rate mortgage debt
 
$
349,747

 
4.62
%
 
2.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total mortgage debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
 
$
1,087,667

 
3.82
%
 
6.8
New Market Properties
 
447,566

 
3.97
%
 
6.8
Preferred Office Properties
 
246,782

 
4.20
%
 
16.6
Student housing properties
 
253,877

 
4.58
%
 
4.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total principal amount
 
2,035,892

 
4.00
%
 
7.6
Deferred loan costs
 
(32,361
)
 
 
 
 
Mark to market loan adjustment
 
(5,017
)
 
 
 
 
Mortgage notes payable, net
 
$
1,998,514

 
 
 
 
The Company has placed interest rate caps on the variable rate mortgages on its Avenues at Creekside and Citi Lakes multifamily communities. Under guidance provided by ASC 815-10, these interest rate caps fall under the definition of derivatives, which are embedded in their debt hosts. Because these interest rate caps are deemed to be clearly and closely related to their debt hosts, bifurcation and fair value accounting treatment is not required.

The mortgage note secured by our Independence Square property is a seven year term with an anticipated repayment date of September 1, 2022. If the Company elects not to pay its principal balance at the anticipated repayment date, the term will be extended for an additional five years, maturing on September 1, 2027. The interest rate from September 1, 2022 to September 1, 2027 will be the greater of (i) the Initial Interest Rate of 3.93% plus 200 basis points or (ii) the yield on the seven year U.S. treasury security rate plus approximately 400 basis points.

The mortgage note secured by our Royal Lakes Marketplace property has a maximum commitment of approximately $11.1 million. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has an outstanding principal balance of $9.6 million on this loan. Additional advances of the mortgage commitment will be drawn as the Company achieves incremental leasing benchmarks specified under the loan agreement. This mortgage has a variable interest of 1 Month LIBOR plus 250 basis points, which was 4.48% as of June 30, 2018.

The mortgage note secured by our Champions Village property has a maximum commitment of approximately $34.2 million. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has an outstanding principal balance of $27.4 million. Additional advances of the mortgage commitment will be drawn as the Company achieves leasing activity, if elected by the Company. Additional advances are available


27

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


through October 2019. This mortgage note has a variable interest of the greater of (i) 3.25% or (ii) the sum of the 3.00% plus the LIBOR Rate, which was 4.99% as of June 30, 2018.

As of June 30, 2018, the weighted-average remaining life of deferred loan costs related to the Company's mortgage indebtedness was approximately 8.7 years.
    
Credit Facility

The Company has a credit facility, or Credit Facility, with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank, which defines a revolving line of credit, or Revolving Line of Credit, which is used to fund investments, capital expenditures, dividends (with consent of KeyBank), working capital and other general corporate purposes on an as needed basis. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Revolving Line of Credit was increased to $200 million pursuant to an accordion feature within the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended on March 23, 2018, but effective as of April 13, 2018, or the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The accordion feature permits the maximum borrowing capacity to be expanded or contracted without amending any further terms of the instrument. The Revolving Line of Credit accrues interest at a variable rate of one month LIBOR plus 3.25% per annum and matures on August 5, 2019, with an option to extend the maturity date to August 5, 2020, subject to certain conditions described therein. The weighted average interest rate for the Revolving Line of Credit was 5.05% for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018. The Revolving Line of Credit also bears a commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit of 0.35% per annum.

On May 26, 2016, the Company entered into a $11.0 million interim term loan with KeyBank, or the Interim Term Loan, to partially finance the acquisition of Anderson Central, a grocery-anchored shopping center located in Anderson, South Carolina. The Interim Term Loan accrued interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum until it was repaid and extinguished during the first quarter 2018.
The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including negative covenants that limit or restrict secured and unsecured indebtedness, mergers and fundamental changes, investments and acquisitions, liens and encumbrances, dividends, transactions with affiliates, burdensome agreements, changes in fiscal year and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. The amount of dividends that may be paid out by the Company is restricted to a maximum of 95% of AFFO for the trailing rolling four quarters without the lender's consent; solely for purposes of this covenant, AFFO is calculated as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, plus reserves for capital expenditures, less normally recurring capital expenditures, less consolidated interest expense.
As of June 30, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Revolving Line of Credit, as shown in the following table:
Covenant (1)
 
Requirement
 
Result
Net worth
 
Minimum $1.35 billion
(2) 
$1.43 billion
Debt yield
 
Minimum 8.0%
 
9.8%
Payout ratio
 
Maximum 95.0%
(3) 
89.4%
Total leverage ratio
 
Maximum 65.0%
 
58.0%
Debt service coverage ratio
 
Minimum 1.50x
 
1.92x

(1) All covenants are as defined in the credit agreement for the Revolving Line of Credit.
(2) Minimum of $686.9 million plus 75% of the net proceeds of any equity offering, which totaled approximately $1.35 billion as of June 30, 2018.
(3) Calculated on a trailing four-quarter basis. For the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2018, the maximum dividends and distributions allowed under this covenant was approximately $120.1 million.

Loan fees and closing costs for the establishment and subsequent amendments of the Credit Facility are amortized utilizing the straight line method over the life of the Credit Facility. At June 30, 2018, unamortized loan fees and closing costs for the Credit Facility were approximately $1.1 million, which will be amortized over a remaining loan life of approximately 1.2 years. Loan fees and closing costs for the mortgage debt on the Company's properties are amortized utilizing the effective interest rate method over the lives of the loans.


28

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


Acquisition Facility

On February 28, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement, or Acquisition Credit Agreement, with Freddie Mac through KeyBank to obtain an acquisition revolving credit facility, or Acquisition Facility, with a maximum borrowing capacity of $200 million. The purpose of the Acquisition Facility is to finance acquisitions of multifamily communities and student housing communities. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Acquisition Facility may be increased at the Company's request up to $300 million at any time prior to March 1, 2021. The Acquisition Facility accrues interest at a variable rate of one month LIBOR plus a margin of between 1.75% per annum and 2.20% per annum, depending on the type of assets acquired and the resulting property debt service coverage ratio. The Acquisition Facility has a maturity date of March 1, 2022 and has two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions described therein. At June 30, 2018, unamortized loan fees and closing costs for the establishment of the Acquisition Facility were approximately $0.3 million, which will be amortized over a remaining loan life of approximately 3.8 years. 

Interest Expense

Interest expense, including amortization of deferred loan costs was:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
 
$
11,252

 
$
8,501

 
$
22,188

 
$
15,909

New Market Properties
 
4,629

 
3,510

 
8,985

 
6,840

Preferred Office Properties
 
2,666

 
1,677

 
5,207

 
3,354

Student housing properties
 
2,384

 
719

 
4,075

 
1,196

Interest paid to real estate loan participants
 
557

 
586

 
944

 
1,256

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
21,488

 
14,993

 
41,399

 
28,555

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Facility and Acquisition Facility
 
859

 
1,405

 
1,916

 
2,851

Interest Expense
 
$
22,347

 
$
16,398

 
$
43,315

 
$
31,406

Future Principal Payments
The Company’s estimated future principal payments due on its debt instruments as of June 30, 2018 were:
Period
 
Future principal payments
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
$
54,733

(1) 
2019
 
282,775

 
2020
 
85,809

 
2021
 
190,404

 
2022
 
206,228

 
thereafter
 
1,254,443

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
2,074,392

 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes the principal amount of $38.5 million due on the Company's Revolving Line of Credit.


29

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


10. Income Taxes

The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT effective with its tax year ended December 31, 2011, and therefore, the Company will not be subject to federal and state income taxes after this effective date, so long as it distributes 100% of the Company's annual REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP and determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to its shareholders. For the period preceding this election date, the Company's operations resulted in a tax loss. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had deferred federal and state tax assets totaling approximately $298,100, none of which were based upon tax positions deemed to be uncertain. These deferred tax assets will most likely not be used since the Company elected REIT status; therefore, management has determined that a 100% valuation allowance is appropriate as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

On March 28, 2014, the Company entered into a payment guaranty in support of its Manager's eleven-year office lease, which began on October 9, 2014. As of June 30, 2018, the amount guarantied by the Company was $6.1 million and is reduced by $619,304 per lease year over the term of the lease.
Certain officers and employees of the Manager have been assigned company credit cards. As of June 30, 2018, the Company guarantied up to $640,000 on these credit cards.
The Company is otherwise currently subject to neither any known material commitments or contingencies from its business operations, nor any material known or threatened litigation.

A total of approximately $8.5 million of asset management and general and administrative fees related to acquired properties as of June 30, 2018 have been waived by the Manager.  The waived fees are converted at the time of waiver into contingent fees, which are earned by the Manager only in the event of a sales transaction, and whereby the Company’s capital contributions for the property being sold exceed a 7% annual rate of return.  The Company will recognize in future periods to the extent, if any, it determines that the sales transaction is probable, and that the estimated net sale proceeds would exceed the annual rate of return hurdle.  As of June 30, 2018, a total of $7.7 million remains contingent and could possibly be earned by the Manager in the future.  
At June 30, 2018, the Company had unfunded balances on its real estate loan portfolio of approximately $136.7 million.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had unfunded contractual commitments for tenant improvements of approximately $1.9 million.

12. Segment Information

The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, evaluates the performance of the Company's business operations and allocates financial and other resources by assessing the financial results and outlook for future performance across five distinct segments: multifamily communities, student housing properties, real estate related financing, New Market Properties and Preferred Office Properties.

Multifamily Communities - consists of the Company's portfolio of owned residential multifamily communities

Student Housing Properties - consists of the Company's portfolio of owned student housing properties.

Financing - consists of the Company's portfolio of real estate loans, bridge loans, and other instruments deployed by the Company to partially finance the development, construction, and prestabilization carrying costs of new multifamily communities and other real estate and real estate related assets, as well as the Company's investment in the Series 2018-ML04 mortgage-backed pool. Excluded from the financing segment are financial results of the Company's Dawson Marketplace grocery-anchored shopping center real estate loan, which are included in the New Market Properties segment.

New Market Properties - consists of the Company's portfolio of grocery-anchored shopping centers, which are owned by New Market Properties, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as well as the financial results from the Company's grocery-anchored shopping center real estate loans.



30

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


Preferred Office Properties - consists of the Company's portfolio of office buildings.

The CODM monitors net operating income (“NOI”) on a segment and a consolidated basis as a key performance measure for its operating segments. NOI is defined as rental and other property revenue from real estate assets plus interest income from its loan portfolio less total property operating and maintenance expenses, property management fees, real estate taxes, property insurance, and general and administrative expenses. The CODM uses NOI as a measure of operating performance because it provides a measure of the core operations, rather than factoring in depreciation and amortization, financing costs, acquisition expenses, and other expenses generally incurred at the corporate level.  

The following tables present the Company's assets, revenues, and NOI results by reportable segment, as well as a reconciliation from NOI to net income (loss). The assets attributable to 'Other' primarily consist of  deferred offering costs recorded but not yet reclassified as reductions of stockholders' equity and cash balances at the Company and Operating Partnership levels.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company's student housing properties segment is presented separately because the assets of the student housing properties segment exceeded 10% of the Company's consolidated assets. Prior period data has been adjusted from that which was previously reported to reflect this development. In prior periods, student housing properties and multifamily communities were combined.

(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
 
$
1,462,473

 
$
1,410,187

Student housing properties
 
420,615

 
227,198

Financing (including $266,673 of consolidated assets of VIE)
 
703,601

 
439,824

New Market Properties
 
815,139

 
742,492

Preferred Office Properties
 
491,482

 
413,666

Other
 
14,916

 
19,003

Consolidated assets
 
$
3,908,226

 
$
3,252,370

 
Total capitalized expenditures (inclusive of additions to construction in progress, but exclusive of the purchase price of acquisitions) for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized expenditures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
$
5,859

 
$
3,584

 
$
10,698

 
$
5,773

Student housing properties
927

 
151

 
1,208

 
335

New Market Properties
1,002

 
1,217

 
1,787

 
1,539

Total
$
7,788

 
$
4,952

 
$
13,693

 
$
7,647


Second-generation capital expenditures exclude those expenditures made in our office building portfolio (i) to lease space to "first generation" tenants (i.e. leasing capital for existing vacancies and known move-outs at the time of acquisition), (ii) to bring recently acquired properties up to our Class A ownership standards (and which amounts were underwritten into the total investment at the time of acquisition), (iii) for property re-developments and repositionings and (iv) for building improvements that are recoverable from future operating cost savings.



31

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
$
36,226

 
$
28,786

 
$
72,508

 
$
55,992

Student housing properties
6,882

 
2,720

 
12,394

 
4,589

New Market Properties
13,352

 
10,133

 
26,315

 
19,916

Preferred Office Properties (1)
9,739

 
6,602

 
19,059

 
13,108

Total rental revenues
66,199

 
48,241

 
130,276

 
93,605

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
4,106

 
3,331

 
7,979

 
6,309

Student housing properties
321

 
174

 
562

 
240

New Market Properties
4,860

 
3,632

 
9,812

 
7,285

Preferred Office Properties
3,372

 
2,123

 
6,531

 
4,292

Total other revenues
12,659

 
9,260

 
24,884

 
18,126

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing revenues
17,531

 
13,389

 
31,599

 
25,721

Consolidated revenues
$
96,389

 
$
70,890

 
$
186,759

 
$
137,452

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Included in rental revenues for our Preferred Office Properties segment is the amortization of deferred revenue for tenant-funded leasehold improvements from a major tenant in our Three Ravinia office building. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has deferred revenue in an aggregate amount of $36.3 million in connection with such improvements. The remaining balance to be recognized is approximately $34.4 million which is included in the deferred revenues line on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2018. These total costs will be amortized over the lesser of the useful lives of the improvements or the individual lease terms. The Company recorded noncash revenue of approximately $1.1 million and $0.2 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.






32

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Segment net operating income (Segment NOI)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
$
22,744

 
$
17,621

 
$
46,268

 
$
33,935

Student housing properties
3,905

 
1,635

 
6,941

 
2,651

Financing
17,531

 
13,389

 
31,599

 
25,721

New Market Properties
12,812

 
9,659

 
25,485

 
19,084

Preferred Office Properties
9,334

 
6,286

 
18,397

 
12,504

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated segment net operating income
66,326

 
48,590

 
128,690

 
93,895

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and loss on early debt extinguishment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
11,253

 
8,502

 
22,188

 
15,910

Student housing properties
2,384

 
719

 
4,075

 
1,196

New Market Properties
4,629

 
3,510

 
8,985

 
6,840

Preferred Office Properties
2,666

 
1,677

 
5,207

 
3,354

Financing
1,415

 
1,990

 
2,860

 
4,106

Depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities
20,320

 
15,611

 
42,023

 
29,277

Student housing properties
7,496

 
2,537

 
12,601

 
3,554

New Market Properties
9,177

 
7,062

 
18,057

 
14,103

Preferred Office Properties
5,102

 
3,247

 
10,030

 
6,349

Professional fees
768

 
499

 
1,243

 
1,026

Management fees, net of forfeitures
5,192

 
4,693

 
10,213

 
9,031

Acquisition costs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities

 

 

 
(20
)
Student housing properties

 

 

 

New Market Properties

 

 

 
25

Preferred Office Properties

 
5

 

 
9

Equity compensation to directors and executives
950

 
871

 
2,085

 
1,744

Gain on sale of real estate
2

 
6,915

 
20,356

 
37,639

Gain on noncash net assets of consolidated VIEs
54

 

 
54

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 
888

 

 
888

Other
308

 
390

 
548

 
776

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
(5,278
)
 
$
3,304

 
8,985

 
33,366




33

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


13. Income (Loss) Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of income (loss) per share of Common Stock:
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in thousands, except per-share figures)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) before gain on sale of real estate
 
$
(5,280
)
 
$
(3,611
)
 
$
(11,371
)
 
$
(4,273
)
 
Gain on sale of real estate, net of disposition expenses
 
2

 
6,915

 
20,356

 
37,639

 
Net income (loss)
 
(5,278
)
 
3,304

 
8,985

 
33,366

 
Consolidated net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
interests (A)
 
140

 
(97
)
 
(240
)
 
(1,096
)
 
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company
 
(5,138
)
 
3,207

 
8,745

 
32,270

 
Dividends declared to preferred stockholders (B)
 
(20,924
)
 
(15,235
)
 
(40,441
)
 
(29,621
)
 
Earnings attributable to unvested restricted stock (C)
 
(6
)
 
(6
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(26,068
)
 
$
(12,034
)
 
$
(31,704
)
 
$
2,641

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock - basic
 
39,383

 
29,894

 
39,241

 
28,423

 
Effect of dilutive securities: (D)
 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
basic and diluted
 
39,383

 
29,894

 
39,241

 
28,423

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per share of Common Stock attributable to
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
common stockholders, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.66
)
 
$
(0.40
)
 
$
(0.81
)
 
$
0.09


(A) The Company's outstanding Class A Units of the Operating Partnership (1,070 and 902 Units at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively) contain rights to distributions in the same amount per unit as for dividends declared on the Company's Common Stock. The impact of the Class A Unit distributions on earnings per share has been calculated using the two-class method whereby earnings are allocated to the Class A Units based on dividends declared and the Class A Units' participation rights in undistributed earnings.

(B) The Company’s shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding accrue dividends at an annual rate of 6% of the stated value of $1,000 per share, payable monthly. The Company had 1,418 and 1,044 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company's shares of Series M preferred stock, or mShares, accrue dividends at an escalating rate of 5.75% in year one to 7.50% in year eight and thereafter. The Company had 29 mShares outstanding at June 30, 2018.

(C) The Company's outstanding unvested restricted share awards (25 and 24 shares of Common Stock at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively) contain non-forfeitable rights to distributions or distribution equivalents. The impact of the unvested restricted share awards on earnings per share has been calculated using the two-class method whereby earnings are allocated to the unvested restricted share awards based on dividends declared and the unvested restricted shares' participation rights in undistributed earnings. Given the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the dividends declared for that period are adjusted in determining the calculation of loss per share of Common Stock since the unvested restricted share awards are defined as participating securities.

(D) Potential dilution from (i) warrants outstanding from issuances of Units from our Series A Preferred Stock offerings that are potentially exercisable into 19,805 shares of Common Stock; (ii) 1,070 Class B Units; (iii) 25 shares of unvested restricted common stock; and (iv) 34 outstanding Restricted Stock Units are excluded from the diluted shares calculations because the effect was antidilutive. Class A Units were excluded from the denominator because earnings were allocated to non-controlling interests in the calculation of the numerator.



34

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


14. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset or liability is exchanged between market participants in an orderly transaction at the reporting date. The Company’s cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts receivable and payables and accrued expenses all approximate fair value due to their short term nature.

The following tables provide estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments. The carrying values of the Company's real estate loans include accrued interest receivable from additional interest or exit fee provisions and are presented net of deferred loan fee revenue, where applicable.

 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Carrying value
 
 
 
Fair value measurements
using fair value hierarchy
(in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans (1)
$
374,208

 
$
425,927

 
$

 
$

 
$
425,927

Notes receivable and line of credit receivable
37,356

 
37,356

 

 

 
37,356

 
$
411,564

 
$
463,283

 
$

 
$

 
$
463,283

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage notes payable
$
2,035,892

 
$
2,007,868

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,007,868

Revolving credit facility
38,500

 
38,500

 

 

 
38,500

Loan participation obligations
10,920

 
11,001

 

 

 
11,001

 
$
2,085,312

 
$
2,057,369

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,057,369

 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Carrying value
 
 
 
Fair value measurements
using fair value hierarchy
(in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans (1)
$
386,796

 
$
432,982

 
$

 
$

 
$
432,982

Notes receivable and line of credit receivable
40,057

 
40,057

 

 

 
40,057

 
$
426,853

 
$
473,039

 
$

 
$

 
$
473,039

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage notes payable
$
1,806,901

 
1,806,024

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,806,024

Revolving credit facility
41,800

 
41,800

 

 

 
41,800

Term loan
11,000

 
11,000

 

 

 
11,000

Loan participation obligations
13,986

 
14,308

 

 

 
14,308

 
$
1,873,687

 
$
1,873,132

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,873,132


(1) The carrying value of real estate assets includes the Company's balance of the Palisades and Encore real estate loan investments, which includes the amounts funded by unrelated participants. The loan participation obligations are the amounts due to the participants under these arrangements. Accrued interest included in the carrying values of the Company's loan participation obligations was approximately $1.3 million and $1.5 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.






35

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)


The following table presents activity of the ML-04 VIE for the three-month and six-month period ended June 30, 2018:

 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
 
(in thousands)
Multifamily mortgage loans held in VIEs at fair value
 
VIE liabilities, at fair value
 
Net
Balance as of December 31, 2017
$

 
$

 
$

Initial consolidation of ML-04 trust:
267,705

 
262,965

 
4,740

Gains (losses) included in net income due to change in fair value of net assets of VIE:
(861
)
 
(915
)
 
54

Repayments of underlying mortgage principal amounts and repayments to Class A holders
(171
)
 
(171
)
 

Balance as of June 30, 2018
$
266,673

 
$
261,879

 
$
4,794


The following table presents the level 3 input used to calculate the fair value of the consolidated assets and liabilities of the ML-04 VIE:
 
Fair value
 
Valuation methodology
 
Unobservable input
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily mortgage loans held in VIEs at fair value
$
266,673

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
4.9
%
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIE liabilities, at fair value
$
261,879

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
4.9
%

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the consolidated assets and liabilities from the ML-04 VIE, for which the Company has elected the fair value option.
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Carrying value
 
 
 
Fair value measurements
using fair value hierarchy
(in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIE assets from mortgage-backed pool
$
266,673

 
$
266,673

 
$

 
$

 
$
266,673

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIE liabilities from mortgage-backed pool
$
261,879

 
$
261,879

 
$

 
$

 
$
261,879


Disclosure guidance under GAAP requires the Company to determine whether the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities of the ML-04 trust is more observable. The VIE assets within the ML-04 Trust consist of mortgage loans which finance 20 multifamily communities. The fair value of the VIE assets within the level 3 hierarchy are comprised of the fair value of the mortgages as estimated by the Company, which were developed utilizing a discounted cash flow model over the remaining terms of the mortgages until their maturity dates and utilizing discount rates believed to approximate the market risk factor for instruments of similar type and duration. The fair value of the notes are categorized within the level 3 hierarchy of fair value estimation as the discount rate primary input assumption is unobservable.

15. Subsequent Events

Between July 1, 2018 and July 30, 2018, the Company issued 34,234 Units and collected net proceeds of approximately $30.8 million after commissions and fees under its $1.5 Billion Unit Offering. Between July 1, 2018 and July 30, 2018, the Company issued 1,654 shares of Series M Preferred Stock and collected net proceeds of approximately $1.6 million after commissions and fees under the mShares offering.

On July 6, 2018, the Company acquired a grocery-anchored shopping center located in the Charlotte, North Carolina MSA comprising 122,028 square feet of gross leasable area. The allocation of this transaction to the fair value of individual assets and liabilities is not presented as the calculations of the allocation were not complete at the date of filing of this report.


36

Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
June 30, 2018
(unaudited)



On August 2, 2018, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly dividend on our Common Stock of $0.255 per share, payable on October 15, 2018 to stockholders of record on September 14, 2018.

On July 31, 2018, the Company acquired a Class A office building located in Raleigh, North Carolina comprising 559,591 feet of gross leasable area.








37


Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Significant Developments

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, we acquired four grocery-anchored shopping centers, three student housing properties, two multifamily communities and one adaptive reuse office property. The aggregate purchase price of these properties was approximately $454.7 million. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, we sold our Lake Cameron multifamily community located in Raleigh, North Carolina, and collected gross proceeds of approximately $43.5 million. We realized a gain on the sale of the property of approximately $20.4 million and an average total return on the property of approximately 19%.

As of June 30, 2018, we had cumulatively issued 473,590 units and collected net proceeds of approximately $425.6 million from our $1.5 Billion Unit Offering. As of June 30, 2018, we had cumulatively issued 28,844 shares of Series M Preferred Stock and and collected net proceeds of approximately $27.5 million from our mShares Offering. Our Follow-On Series A Offering sold its entire allotment of $900 million Units and was closed on February 14, 2017. Our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and our new equity offerings are discussed in detail in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

In addition, during the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, we issued approximately 628,000 shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of Warrants issued in our offerings of our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and collected net proceeds of approximately $8.4 million from those exercises.

Forward-looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements containing the words "believes," "anticipates," "intends," "expects," "assumes," "goals," "guidance," "trends" and similar expressions, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based upon our current plans, expectations and projections about future events. However, such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, the following:

•     our business and investment strategy;
•     our projected operating results;
actions and initiatives of the U.S. Government and changes to U.S. Government policies and the execution and impact of these actions, initiatives and policies;
•     the state of the U.S. economy generally or in specific geographic areas;
•     economic trends and economic recoveries;
our ability to obtain and maintain financing arrangements, including through the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac;
•     financing and advance rates for our target assets;
•     our expected leverage;
•     changes in the values of our assets;
•     our expected portfolio of assets;
•     our expected investments;
•     interest rate mismatches between our target assets and our borrowings used to fund such investments;
•     changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets;
•     changes in prepayment rates on our target assets;
•     effects of hedging instruments on our target assets;
•     rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets;
changes in our operating costs, including real estate taxes, utilities and insurance costs;
•     the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
•     impact of and changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, accounting guidance and similar matters;
•     our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•     our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
•     availability of investment opportunities in mortgage-related and real estate-related investments and securities;
•     availability of qualified personnel;
•     estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;
•     our understanding of our competition;
•     market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy;

38


weakness in the national, regional and local economies, which could adversely impact consumer spending and retail sales and in turn tenant demand for space and could lead to increased store closings;
changes in market rental rates;
changes in demographics (including the number of households and average household income) surrounding our shopping centers;
adverse financial conditions for grocery anchors and other retail, service, medical or restaurant tenants;
continued consolidation in the grocery-anchored shopping center sector;
excess amount of retail space in our markets;
reduction in the demand by tenants to occupy our shopping centers as a result of reduced consumer demand for certain retail formats;
the growth of super-centers and warehouse club retailers, such as those operated by Wal-Mart and Costco, and their adverse effect on traditional grocery chains;
the entry of new market participants into the food sales business, such as Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods, the growth of online food delivery services and online supermarket retailers and their collective adverse effect on traditional grocery chains;
our ability to aggregate a critical mass of grocery-anchored shopping centers or to spin-off, sell or distribute them;
the impact of an increase in energy costs on consumers and its consequential effect on the number of shopping visits to our centers; and
consequences of any armed conflict involving, or terrorist attack against, the United States.

Forward-looking statements are found throughout this "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, we do not have any intention or obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect unforeseen or other events after the date of this report. The forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risk factors indicated in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and as may be supplemented by any amendments to our risk factors in our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
General
The following discussion and analysis provides information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial position. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Overview

We are an externally managed Maryland corporation formed primarily to acquire and operate multifamily properties in select targeted markets throughout the United States. As part of our business strategy, we may enter into forward purchase contracts or purchase options for to-be-built multifamily communities and we may make real estate related loans, provide deposit arrangements, or provide performance assurances, as may be necessary or appropriate, in connection with the development of multifamily communities and other properties. As a secondary strategy, we also may acquire or originate senior mortgage loans, subordinate loans or real estate loan investments secured by interests in multifamily properties, membership or partnership interests in multifamily properties and other multifamily related assets and invest a lesser portion of our assets in other real estate related investments, including other income-producing property types, senior mortgage loans, subordinate loans or real estate loans secured by interests in other income-producing property types, or membership or partnership interests in other income-producing property types as determined by Preferred Apartment Advisors, LLC, or our Manager, as appropriate for us. Our investment guidelines limit our investment in these non-multifamily assets to 20% of our assets, subject to increases unanimously approved by our board of directors. On December 12, 2016, our board of directors temporarily suspended this 20% limit. Our board of directors will review and discuss the reinstatement of the 20% limit following a spin-off, sale or distribution of our grocery-anchored shopping centers, if any such transaction occurs.

We seek to generate returns for our stockholders by taking advantage of the current environment in the real estate market and the United States economy by acquiring multifamily assets, grocery-anchored shopping centers, and Class A office buildings in our targeted markets.  The current economic environment still provides many challenges for new development, which provides opportunity for current multifamily product to potentially enjoy stable occupancy rates and rising rental rates as the overall economy continues to grow.  As the real estate market and economy stabilize, we intend to employ efficient management techniques to grow income and create asset value.


39


As market conditions change over time, we intend to adjust our investment strategy to adapt to such changes as appropriate. We continue to believe there are abundant opportunities among our target assets that currently present attractive risk-return profiles. However, in order to capitalize on the investment opportunities that may be present in the various other points of an economic cycle, we may expand or change our investment strategy and target assets. We believe that the diversification of the portfolio of assets that we intend to acquire, our ability to acquire and manage our target assets, and the flexibility of our strategy will position us to generate attractive total returns for our stockholders in a variety of market conditions.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code effective with our tax year ended December 31, 2011. We also intend to operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our status as a REIT and our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act. We have and will continue to conduct substantially all of our operations through our Operating Partnership in which we owned an approximate 97.4% interest as of June 30, 2018. New Market Properties, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of grocery-anchored shopping centers. Preferred Office Properties, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of office buildings. Preferred Campus Communities, LLC owns and conducts the business of our portfolio of off-campus student housing communities. Each of these entities are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.

Industry Outlook

  We believe continued, albeit potentially sporadic, improvement in the United States' economy will continue for 2018, with continued, albeit potentially slower, job growth and improvements in consumer confidence. The presidential administration certainly creates more uncertainty in the direction and trajectory of economic growth. We believe a growing economy, improved job market and increased consumer confidence should help create favorable conditions for the multifamily sector. If the economy continues to improve, we expect current occupancy rates generally to remain stable, on an annual basis, as the current level of occupancy nationwide will be difficult to measurably improve upon.

Multifamily Communities

                The pipeline of new multifamily construction, although increasing nationwide in recent years, may be showing signs of
declining going forward. The new supply coming on line to date has been generally in line with demand in most of our markets.
Nationally, new multifamily construction is currently at or above average historical levels in most markets. Even with the increase in new supply of multifamily properties, recent job growth and demographic trends have led to reasonable levels of absorption in most of our markets, which in many of our markets has offset or exceeded the new supply coming online. The absorption rate has led to generally stable occupancy rates with increases in rental rates in most of our markets. We believe the supply of new multifamily construction will not increase dramatically as the constraints in the market (including availability of quality sites and the difficult permitting and entitlement process) will constrain further increases in multifamily supply. It may even be the case that new supply peaks in 2018 and these constraints cause a decline in new multifamily “starts” in 2019 and 2020. As an offset, the presidential administration may loosen banking regulation standards, which could cause an increase in available capital for new construction. Any relaxing of these regulations could lead to more capital for new multifamily development and an increase in supply.

The rising cost of private capital, increasing interest rates over the last twelve months, less debt capital available from
traditional commercial banks for real estate loans and a softening of the market in some “Gateway” cities have all put pressure on the pricing dynamic in multifamily transactions. This could lead to an increase in capitalization rates and a softening price
environment, and if this were to occur, then our pipeline of candidate multifamily property acquisitions with returns meeting our investment objectives may expand.  However, it is important to note that, currently, equity capital for multifamily product remains available and has fueled the demand for the product which has led to the recent cap rate compression.  Currently, that availability of capital remains strong and the investment market for multifamily remains popular.

The recent plateau in U.S. Treasury yields and competitive lender spreads have created a generally favorable borrowing environment for multifamily owners and developers. While the combined impact of higher indexes and lower spreads has led to a net increase in overall rates, demand for multifamily product has not yet been deterred based on debt capital costs.  Given the uncertainty around the world's financial markets, fueled in part by the new U.S. President and how his policies may affect domestic and international markets, investors have been wary in their approach to debt markets. Recent US bond market movements have seen rates rise and spreads from the government-sponsored entity, or GSE, lenders have been relatively stable to slightly lower. Other lenders in the market have had generally stable rates as well. As we move into the second half of 2018, we may well see a decline in spreads as the investment community becomes more comfortable with the direction of the market and the US economy. Even with the recent increase in U.S. Treasury rates, we expect the market to continue to remain favorable for financing multifamily communities, as the equity and debt markets have generally continued to view the U.S. multifamily sector as a desirable investment. Lending by GSEs could be limited by caps on production or capital retention rates imposed by the Federal Housing and Finance

40


Association, which could lead to higher lending costs, although we expect such higher costs to be offset by increased lending activity by other market participants; however, such other market participants may have increased costs and stricter underwriting criteria.

We believe the combination of a difficult regulatory environment and high underwriting standards for commercial banks will continue to create a choppy market for new construction financing. In addition, we believe the continued hesitance among many prospective homebuyers to believe the net benefits of home ownership are greater than the benefit of the flexibility offered through renting will continue to work in the existing multifamily sector's favor. We also believe there will be a continued boost to demand for multifamily rental housing due to the ongoing entry of the “millennial” generation, the sons and daughters of the baby-boom generation, into the workforce. This generation has a higher statistical propensity to rent their home and stay a renter deeper into their life-cycle, resulting in an increase in demand for rental housing. This combination of factors should generally result in gradual increases in market rents, lower concessions and opportunities for increases in ancillary fee income.

Student Housing Properties
Regarding the student housing industry, while we do not see declining rents as universities nationwide prepare for the start of the 2018-2019 academic year, year over year preleasing numbers are slightly lower nationwide. Industry reports suggests that nationally, effective rent is $657 per bed, which represents a 1.4% increase from last year. Some university markets are seeing an average increase of 11.4% in off-campus student housing inventory.
Industry reports project 47,000 student housing beds will come online across the country in the fall of 2018.  An additional 30,900 student housing beds are already under construction for fall of 2019 delivery with a potential for a further 10,000 beds to begin construction. This inventory growth remains in line with recent years.  Industry reports estimate that there will be approximately 22.6 million students enrolled at US colleges by 2026. Industry reports also forecast US enrollment to grow by 1.1% annually from 2018 to 2023 while they estimate that undergraduate college enrollment will grow by an annual average of 1.5% over the next six years. We believe that the primary drivers of expanding enrollment will be moderate job growth, positive 18 to 24 year old population growth, and historically high enrollment rates of 68% to 70% over the next four years among high school graduates.

New Market Properties

               We believe that the grocery-anchored shopping center sector benefits from many of the same improving metrics as the
multifamily sector, namely improved economy and job and wage growth. More specifically, the types of centers we own and plan to acquire are primarily occupied by grocery stores, service uses, medical providers and restaurants. We believe that these businesses are significantly less impacted by e-commerce than some other retail businesses, and that grocery anchors typically generate repeat trips to the center. We expect that current macroeconomic conditions, coupled with continued population growth in the suburban markets where our retail properties are located, will create favorable conditions for grocery shopping and other uses provided by grocery-anchored shopping centers. With moderate supply growth following a period of historically low retail construction starts, we believe our centers, which are all generally located in Sun Belt markets, are well positioned to have solid operating fundamentals.

                The debt market for our grocery-anchored shopping center assets remains strong. Life insurance companies have continued to demonstrate a specific interest in our strategy and we continue to see new participants in the market. We believe, notwithstanding the increase in longer-term U.S. Treasury yields, that the overall capital markets are pricing in stronger rent growth and higher long term occupancy levels, especially so in the grocery-anchored sector. We have also seen spreads tighten, making up for some of the rise in longer-term treasury yields. In addition, due to some investor concern over retail in general, that allocation of capital into retail has been largely focused away from other retail product types and into the grocery-anchored sector. The result of this is that increased capital flows moving into the grocery-anchored sector has investors willing to accept lower yields to do so, thus putting upward pressure on prices for attractive acquisition opportunities inside our Sunbelt grocery-anchored strategy.
 
                On August 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion. We believe this to be a net positive to our grocery- anchored strategy in that it demonstrates the importance of the “brick and mortar” delivery model for the grocery sector. Amazon is widely regarded as one of the most technically advanced and savvy retailers and its $13.7 billion cash investment in a brick and mortar distribution network we believe validates the unique challenges of trying to execute a pure on-line strategy for grocery delivery.  Most of the growth in e-commerce around grocers is focused on “the last mile” or getting the goods in the stores to the homes of the customer.  Some of our grocers have partnered with third parties (Publix/Instacart) or formulated internal solutions (Walmart/in-store pickup and Kroger/ClickList) to help advance this segment of their business. We believe that the traditional grocers must be proactive in pursuing on-line solutions in combination with their bricks and mortar physical stores and we have seen our primary grocery store anchors, Publix and Kroger, react quickly and aggressively to bolster their e-commerce and delivery

41


options, an example being Kroger's acquisition of an interest in Ocado, a UK-based company that is the world's largest dedicated online grocery retailer that has developed a proprietary end-to-end operating solution for online grocery retail. We do believe that this transaction, and the impacts from it, could result in increased margin pressure on grocers and will likely accelerate the difficulties of the weaker grocery chains.  Furthermore this could lead to increased mergers and acquisitions activity in the grocery sector which could also result in store closings or store downsizings due to store trade area overlap.

Preferred Office Properties

                The office investment market continues to post healthy fundamentals across our current and target footprint, where we are primarily focused on high growth, non-“Gateway” markets. Due to banking reforms and conservative behavior among market participants, this cycle has been characterized by a historically low level of speculative office construction which is supporting continued good performance. While rising interest rates may challenge competitors over the coming months, we are uniquely insulated in our current portfolio through long-term leases, few vacancies, long-term fixed rate debt and no sale pressure. In the event of continued interest rate hikes we would expect to see a softening cap rate environment as real estate re-prices, and seek to take advantage of that through property acquisitions.
Critical Accounting Policies
In addition to those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, below is a discussion of the accounting policies that management believes are critical. We consider these policies critical because they involve significant management judgments, assumptions and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.
Real Estate
Cost Capitalization. Investments in real estate properties are carried at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 30 to 50 years for buildings, 5 to 20 years for building and land improvements and 5 to 10 years for computers, furniture, fixtures and equipment. Acquisition costs are generally expensed as incurred for transactions that are deemed to be business combinations. Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, or ASU 2017-01, which was released in January 2017, changes the definition of a business and provides further guidance for evaluating whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or a business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017 and believe our future acquisitions of multifamily communities, office buildings, grocery-anchored shopping centers, and student housing communities will generally qualify as asset acquisitions. Pursuant to ASU 2017-01, certain qualifying acquisition costs will be capitalized and amortized rather than expensed as incurred.
Repairs, maintenance and resident turnover costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterments are capitalized and depreciated over the items' estimated useful lives. Repairs, maintenance and resident turnover costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate property. We consider the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life.
Real Estate Acquisition Valuation. We generally recorded the acquisition of income-producing real estate as business combinations through December 31, 2016. In conjunction with our adoption of ASU 2017-01, future acquisitions will require judgment to properly classify these acquisitions as asset acquisitions or business acquisitions.
All assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their acquisition-date fair values.
We assess the acquisition-date fair values of all tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis) and that utilize appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends and market and economic conditions. The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.
We record above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining average non-cancelable term of the leases. We amortize any recorded above-market or below-market lease values as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the remaining average non-cancelable term of the respective leases.

42


Intangible assets include the value of in-place leases, which represents the estimated value of the net cash flows of the in-place leases to be realized, as compared to the net cash flows that would have occurred had the property been vacant at the time of acquisition and subject to lease-up. These estimates include estimated carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the hypothetical expected lease-up periods. Acquired in-place lease values for multifamily communities are amortized to operating expense over the average remaining non-cancelable term of the respective in-place leases.
The fair values of in-place leases for grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings represent the value of direct costs associated with leasing, including opportunity costs associated with lost rentals that are avoided by acquiring in-place leases. Direct costs associated with obtaining a new tenant include commissions, legal and marketing costs, incentives such as tenant improvement allowances and other direct costs. Such direct costs are estimated based on our consideration of current market costs to execute a similar lease. The value of opportunity costs is estimated using the estimated market lease rates and the estimated absorption period of the space. These direct costs and opportunity costs are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as acquired intangible assets and are amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases. The fair values of above-market and below-market in-place leases for grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) our estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the leases, taking into consideration the probability of renewals for any below-market leases. The capitalized above-market leases and in place leases are included in the acquired intangible assets line of the consolidated balance sheets. Both above-market and below-market lease values are amortized as adjustments to rental revenue over the remaining term of the respective leases for office buildings. The amortization period for grocery-anchored shopping center leases is the remaining lease term plus any below market probable renewal options.
Estimating the fair values of the tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities requires us to make significant assumptions to estimate market lease rates, property-operating expenses, carrying costs during lease-up periods, discount rates, market absorption periods, the number of years the property will be held for investment and market interest rates. The use of different assumptions would result in variations of the values of our acquired tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities, which would impact their subsequent amortization and ultimately our net income.
New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of our adoption of new accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements.

Effective June 30, 2018, the Company changed its population of reportable segments, as described in Note 12 of our consolidated financial statements.

Results of Operations

Certain financial highlights of our results of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 were:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
% change
 
2018
 
2017
 
% change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues (in thousands)
$
96,389

 
$
70,890

 
36.0
%
 
$
186,759

 
$
137,452

 
35.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) (1)
$
(0.66
)
 
$
(0.40
)
 

 
$
(0.81
)
 
$
0.09

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO (2)
$
0.38

 
$
0.31

 
22.6
%
 
$
0.75

 
$
0.65

 
15.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFFO (2)
$
0.37

 
$
0.31

 
19.4
%
 
$
0.63

 
$
0.58

 
8.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends (3)
$
0.255

 
$
0.235

 
8.5
%
 
$
0.505

 
$
0.455

 
11.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) Per weighted average share of Common Stock outstanding for the periods indicated.
(2) FFO and AFFO results are presented per weighted average share of Common Stock and Class A Unit in our Operating Partnership outstanding for the periods indicated.
(3) Per share of Common Stock and Class A Unit outstanding.

43


    
For the second quarter 2018, our FFO payout ratio to Common Stockholders and Unitholders was approximately 66.8% and our FFO payout ratio (before the deduction of preferred dividends) to our preferred stockholders was approximately 57.4%.

For the second quarter 2018, our AFFO payout ratio to Common Stockholders and Unitholders was approximately 68.6% and our AFFO payout ratio (before the deduction of preferred dividends) to our preferred stockholders was approximately 58.0%.(A) 

At June 30, 2018, the market value of our common stock was $16.99 per share. A hypothetical investment in our Common Stock in our initial public offering on April 5, 2011, assuming the reinvestment of all dividends and no transaction costs, would have resulted in an average annual return of approximately 23.4% through June 30, 2018.

As of June 30, 2018, the average age of our multifamily communities was approximately 5.6 years, which is the youngest in the public multifamily REIT industry.

Approximately 89.8% of our permanent property-level mortgage debt has fixed interest rates or has variable interest rates which are capped. We believe we are well protected against potential increases in market interest rates.

In the second quarter, PAC closed on its first “B” piece investment in the Freddie Mac K program. This investment was approximately $4.6 million and used to purchase a zero coupon security in the ML-04 pool of multifamily mortgages securitized by Freddie Mac. Due to accounting rules, we were required to include the assets, liabilities and cash flows of the entire ML-04 pool on our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows. Our maximum amount at risk is $4.6 million, the amount of our investment.

At June 30, 2018, our leverage, as measured by the ratio of our debt to the undepreciated book value of our total assets, was approximately 53.9%. Our leverage calculation excludes the gross assets of approximately $266.7 million and liabilities of approximately $261.9 million that we consolidated as a result of our investment in the Freddie Mac K program.

As of June 30, 2018, our total assets were approximately $3.9 billion compared to approximately $2.6 billion as of June 30, 2017, an increase of approximately $1.3 billion, or approximately 48.5%. This growth was driven primarily by the acquisition of 23 real estate properties (net of the sale of one property). In addition, our assets increased due to the consolidation of the ML-04 pool.

Cash flow from operations for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $41.7 million, an increase of approximately $17.7 million, or 73.4%, compared to approximately $24.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. Cash flow from operations for the second quarter 2018 was more than sufficient to fund our aggregate dividends and distributions for the period, which totaled approximately $31.3 million.

On April 11, 2018, we closed on two real estate loan investments aggregating up to approximately $30.2 million in support of a multifamily community project in Alexandria, Virginia. On May 24, 2018, we closed on two real estate loan investments aggregating up to approximately $11.9 million in support of a multifamily community project in Nashville, Tennessee.

On May 7, 2018, we terminated our existing purchase options on the Encore, Bishop Street and Hidden River multifamily communities and the Haven 46 and Haven Charlotte student housing properties, all of which are partially supported by real estate loan investments held by us. In exchange, we received termination fees aggregating approximately $12.5 million from the developers. These fees are treated as additional interest revenue and are amortized over the period ending with the earlier of the sale of the underlying property or the maturity of the associated real estate loan. For the second quarter 2018, we recorded approximately $2.2 million of interest revenue related to these transactions.

(A) We calculate the AFFO payout ratio to Common Stockholders as the ratio of Common Stock dividends and distributions to preferred stockholders to AFFO. We calculate the AFFO payout ratio to preferred stockholders as the ratio of Preferred Stock dividends to the sum of Preferred Stock dividends and AFFO. Since our operations resulted in a net loss from continuing operations for the periods presented, a payout ratio based on net loss is not calculable.

Acquisitions of Properties

During the second quarter 2018, we acquired the following properties:

44


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property
 
Location (MSA)
 
Units
 
Beds
 
Leasable square feet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student housing properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Tradition
 
College Station, TX
 
427

 
808

 
n/a

 
 
The Retreat at Orlando
 
Orlando, FL
 
221

 
894

 
n/a

 
 
The Bloc
 
Lubbock, TX
 
140

 
556

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
788

 
2,258

 
 
 
 
Grocery-anchored shopping centers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greensboro Village
 
Nashville, TN
 
n/a

 
 
 
70,203

 
 
Governors Towne Square
 
Atlanta, GA
 
n/a

 
 
 
68,658

 
 
Neapolitan Way
 
Naples, FL
 
n/a

 
 
 
137,580

 
 
Conway Plaza
 
Orlando, FL
 
n/a

 
 
 
117,705

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
394,146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




Real Estate Assets

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owned as of June 30, 2018
 
Potential additions from real estate loan investment portfolio (1) (2)
 
Potential total
 
 
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Properties
31

 
11

 
42

 
 
Units
9,768

 
3,226

 
12,994

 
 
Grocery-anchored shopping centers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Properties
43

 

 
43

 
 
Gross leasable area (square feet)
4,449,860

 

 
4,449,860

 
 
Student housing properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Properties
7

 
1

 
8

 
 
Units
1,679

 
248

 
1,927

 
 
Beds
5,208

 
816

 
6,024

 
 
Office buildings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Properties
5

 

 
5

 
 
Rentable square feet
1,539,000

 

 
1,539,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) We evaluate each project individually and we make no assurance that we will acquire any of the underlying properties from our real estate loan investment portfolio.
 
(2) On May 7, 2018, we terminated purchase options on three multifamily communities and two student housing properties in exchange for aggregate termination fees of approximately $12.5 million. Potential additions to our real estate asset portfolio excludes the properties supported by these five loans.



45


Real Estate Loan Investments

Certain real estate loan investments include limited purchase options and additional amounts of accrued interest, which becomes due in cash to us on the earliest to occur of: (i) the maturity of the loan, (ii) any uncured event of default as defined in the associated loan agreement, (iii) the sale of the project or the refinancing of the loan (other than a refinancing loan by us or one of our affiliates) and (iv) any other repayment of the loan. There are no contingent events that are necessary to occur for us to realize the additional interest amounts. We hold options, but not obligations, to purchase certain of the properties which are partially financed by our real estate loans, as shown in the table below. The option purchase prices are negotiated at the time of the loan closing and are to be calculated based upon market cap rates at the time of exercise of the purchase option, with discounts ranging from between 10 and 60 basis points, depending on the loan.
 
 
 
Total units upon
 
Purchase option window
 
Project/Property
Location
 
completion (1)
 
Begin
 
End
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Encore
Atlanta, GA
(2) 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Palisades
Northern VA
 
304

 
1/1/2019
 
5/31/2019
 
Fusion
Irvine, CA
 
280

 
10/1/2018
 
1/1/2019
 
Bishop Street
Atlanta, GA
(2) 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Hidden River
Tampa, FL
(2) 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
CityPark II
Charlotte, NC
 
200

 
9/30/2018
 
12/31/2018
 
Park 35 on Clairmont
Birmingham, AL
 
271

 
8/1/2018
 
9/1/2018
 
Fort Myers
Fort Myers, FL
 
224

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
Wiregrass
Tampa, FL
 
392

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
360 Forsyth
Atlanta, GA
 
356

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
Morosgo
Atlanta, GA
 
258

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
University City Gateway
Charlotte, NC
 
338

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
Berryessa
San Jose, CA
 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
The Anson
Nashville, TN
 
301

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
North Augusta Ballpark
North Augusta, SC
 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Cameron Park
Alexandria, VA
 
302

 
S + 90 days (3)
 
S + 150 days (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student housing properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Haven12
Starkville, MS
 

 
4/1/2019
 
6/30/2019
 
Haven46
Tampa, FL
(2) 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Haven Charlotte
Charlotte, NC
(2) 

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Solis Kennesaw
Atlanta, GA
 
248

 
(4) 
 
(4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,474

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) We evaluate each project individually and we make no assurance that we will acquire any of the underlying properties from our real estate loan investment portfolio. The Berryessa and North Augusta Ballpark projects do not include exclusive purchase options, but we hold a Right of First Offer on these projects at prices acceptable to us and the developer.
 
(2) On May 7, 2018, these five purchase options were terminated, in exchange for an aggregate $12.5 million in termination fees from the developers.
 
(3) The option period window begins and ends at the number of days indicated beyond the achievement of a 93% physical occupancy rate by the underlying property.
 
(4) The option period begins on October 1 of the second academic year following project completion and ends on the following December 31. The developer may elect to expedite the option period to begin December 1, 2019 and end on December 31, 2019.
 





    

46


Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 compared to 2017

The following discussion and tabular presentations highlight the major drivers behind the line item changes in our results of operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 versus 2017, as summarized in the tables below:
Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Change inc (dec)
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percentage
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
66,199

 
$
48,241

 
$
17,958

 
37.2
 %
Other property revenues
 
12,158

 
8,821

 
3,337

 
37.8
 %
Interest income on loans and notes receivable
 
13,658

 
8,490

 
5,168

 
60.9
 %
Interest income from related parties
 
4,374

 
5,338

 
(964
)
 
(18.1
)%
Total revenues
 
96,389

 
70,890

 
25,499

 
36.0
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Property operating and maintenance
 
10,107

 
7,198

 
2,909

 
40.4
 %
Property salary and benefits reimbursement to related party
 
4,228

 
3,219

 
1,009

 
31.3
 %
Property management fees
 
2,776

 
2,061

 
715

 
34.7
 %
Real estate taxes
 
10,063

 
7,680

 
2,383

 
31.0
 %
General and administrative
 
1,957

 
1,654

 
303

 
18.3
 %
Equity compensation to directors and executives
 
950

 
871

 
79

 
9.1
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
42,095

 
28,457

 
13,638

 
47.9
 %
Acquisition and pursuit costs
 

 
5

 
(5
)
 

Asset management fees to related parties
 
6,621

 
4,864

 
1,757

 
36.1
 %
Insurance, professional fees and other expenses
 
2,008

 
1,377

 
631

 
45.8
 %
Total operating expenses
 
80,805

 
57,386

 
23,419

 
40.8
 %
Waived asset management and general and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expense fees
 
(1,429
)
 
(171
)
 
(1,258
)
 
735.7
 %
Net operating expenses
 
79,376

 
57,215

 
22,161

 
38.7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
17,013

 
13,675

 
3,338

 
24.4
 %
Interest expense
 
22,347

 
16,398

 
5,949

 
36.3
 %
Change in fair value of net assets of consolidated VIE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  from mortgage-backed pool
 
54

 

 
54

 

Loss on debt extinguishment
 

 
888

 
(888
)
 

Net (loss) before gain on real estate
 
(5,280
)
 
(3,611
)
 
(1,669
)
 
46.2
 %
Gain on sale of real estate, net of disposition expenses
 
2

 
6,915

 
(6,913
)
 

Net (loss) income
 
$
(5,278
)
 
$
3,304

 
$
(8,582
)
 
(259.7
)%



47


Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Change inc (dec)
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percentage
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
130,276

 
$
93,605

 
$
36,671

 
39.2
 %
Other property revenues
 
23,886

 
17,257

 
6,629

 
38.4
 %
Interest income on loans and notes receivable
 
23,958

 
16,438

 
7,520

 
45.7
 %
Interest income from related parties
 
8,639

 
10,152

 
(1,513
)
 
(14.9
)%
Total revenues
 
186,759

 
137,452

 
49,307

 
35.9
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating and maintenance
 
18,912

 
13,737

 
5,175

 
37.7
 %
Property salary and benefits reimbursement to related party
 
8,127

 
6,247

 
1,880

 
30.1
 %
Property management fees
 
5,532

 
3,963

 
1,569

 
39.6
 %
Real estate taxes
 
20,038

 
15,584

 
4,454

 
28.6
 %
General and administrative
 
3,798

 
3,159

 
639

 
20.2
 %
Equity compensation to directors and executives
 
2,085

 
1,744

 
341

 
19.6
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
82,711

 
53,283

 
29,428

 
55.2
 %
Acquisition and pursuit costs
 

 
14

 
(14
)
 

Asset management fees to related parties
 
12,862

 
9,377

 
3,485

 
37.2
 %
Insurance, professional fees and other expenses
 
3,453

 
2,669

 
784

 
29.4
 %
Total operating expenses
 
157,518

 
109,777

 
47,741

 
43.5
 %
Waived asset management and general and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expense fees
 
(2,649
)
 
(346
)
 
(2,303
)
 
665.6
 %
Net operating expenses
 
154,869

 
109,431

 
45,438

 
41.5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
31,890

 
28,021

 
3,869

 
13.8
 %
Interest expense
 
43,315

 
31,406

 
11,909

 
37.9
 %
Change in fair value of net assets of consolidated VIE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  from mortgage-backed pool
 
54

 

 
54

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 

 
888

 
(888
)
 

Net (loss) before gain on real estate
 
(11,371
)
 
(4,273
)
 
(7,098
)
 
166.1
 %
Gain on sale of real estate, net of disposition expenses
 
20,356

 
37,639

 
(17,283
)
 
(45.9
)%
Net income
 
$
8,985

 
$
33,366

 
$
(24,381
)
 
(73.1
)%




















48




New Market Properties, LLC

Our New Market Properties, LLC business consists of our portfolio of grocery-anchored shopping centers and our Dawson Marketplace real estate loan supporting a shopping center in the Atlanta, Georgia market. Comparative statements of operations of New Market Properties, LLC for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented below. These statements of operations include no allocations of corporate overhead or other expenses.
New Market Properties, LLC
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Change inc (dec)
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percentage
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
13,352

 
$
10,133

 
$
3,219

 
31.8
 %
Other property revenues
 
4,359

 
3,193

 
1,166

 
36.5
 %
Interest income on loans and notes receivable
 
501

 
440

 
61

 
13.9
 %
Total revenues
 
18,212

 
13,766

 
4,446

 
32.3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating and maintenance
 
2,184

 
1,456

 
728

 
50.0
 %
Property management fees
 
632

 
471

 
161

 
34.2
 %
Real estate taxes
 
2,173

 
1,892

 
281

 
14.9
 %
General and administrative
 
163

 
182

 
(19
)
 
(10.4
)%
Equity compensation to directors and executives
 
148

 
107

 
41

 
38.3
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
9,177

 
7,062

 
2,115

 
29.9
 %
Asset management fees to related parties
 
1,363

 
1,025

 
338

 
33.0
 %
Insurance, professional fees and other expenses
 
285

 
200

 
85

 
42.5
 %
Total operating expenses
 
16,125

 
12,395

 
3,730

 
30.1
 %
Waived asset management and general and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expense fees
 
(56
)
 
(26
)
 
(30
)
 
115.4
 %
Net operating expenses
 
16,069

 
12,369

 
3,700

 
29.9
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
2,143

 
1,397

 
746

 
53.4
 %
Interest expense
 
4,629

 
3,510

 
1,119

 
31.9
 %
Net loss
 
$
(2,486
)
 
$
(2,113
)
 
$
(373
)
 
17.7
 %



















49


New Market Properties, LLC
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Change inc (dec)
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percentage
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
26,315

 
$
19,916

 
$
6,399

 
32.1
 %
Other property revenues
 
8,815

 
6,416

 
2,399

 
37.4
 %
Interest income on loans and notes receivable
 
997

 
869

 
128

 
14.7
 %
Total revenues
 
36,127

 
27,201

 
8,926

 
32.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating and maintenance
 
3,831

 
2,778

 
1,053

 
37.9
 %
Property management fees
 
1,360

 
922

 
438

 
47.5
 %
Real estate taxes
 
4,741

 
3,856

 
885

 
23.0
 %
General and administrative
 
310

 
318

 
(8
)
 
(2.5
)%
Equity compensation to directors and executives
 
296

 
211

 
85

 
40.3
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
18,057

 
14,103

 
3,954

 
28.0
 %
Acquisition and pursuit costs
 

 
25

 
(25
)
 
(100.0
)%
Asset management fees to related parties
 
2,679

 
2,039

 
640

 
31.4
 %
Insurance, professional fees and other expenses
 
516

 
403

 
113

 
28.0
 %
Total operating expenses
 
31,790

 
24,655

 
7,135

 
28.9
 %
Waived asset management and general and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expense fees
 
(123
)
 
(48
)
 
(75
)
 
156.3
 %
Net operating expenses
 
31,667

 
24,607

 
7,060

 
28.7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
4,460

 
2,594

 
1,866

 
71.9
 %
Interest expense
 
8,985

 
6,840

 
2,145

 
31.4
 %
Net loss
 
$
(4,525
)
 
$
(4,246
)
 
$
(279
)
 
6.6
 %





























50


Recent acquisitions

Our acquisitions of the following real estate assets since July 1, 2017 were the primary drivers behind our increases in rental and property revenues and property operating expenses for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 versus 2017.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition date
 
Property
 
Location
 
Units
 
Beds
 
Leasable square feet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7/26/2017
 
Luxe at Lakewood Ranch
 
Sarasota, FL
 
280

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
9/27/2017
 
Adara Overland Park
 
Kansas City, KS
 
260

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
9/29/2017
 
Aldridge at Town Village
 
Atlanta, GA
 
300

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
9/29/2017
 
The Reserve at Summit Crossing
 
Atlanta, GA
 
172

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
11/21/2017
 
Overlook at Crosstown Walk
 
Tampa, FL
 
180

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
12/20/2017
 
Colony at Centerpointe
 
Richmond, VA
 
255

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
1/9/2018
 
The Lux at Sorrel
 
Jacksonville, FL
 
265

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
2/28/2018
 
Green Park
 
Atlanta, GA
 
310

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grocery-anchored shopping centers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
7/26/2017
 
Irmo Station
 
Columbia, SC
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
99,384

 
 
8/25/2017
 
Maynard Crossing
 
Raleigh, NC
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
122,781

 
 
9/8/2017
 
Woodmont Village
 
Atlanta, GA
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
85,639

 
 
9/22/2017
 
West Town Market
 
Charlotte, NC
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
67,883

 
 
11/30/2017
 
Roswell Wieuca Shopping Center
 
Atlanta, GA
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
74,370

 
 
12/5/2017
 
Crossroads Market
 
Naples, FL
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
126,895

 
 
4/27/2018
 
Greensboro Village
 
Nashville, TN
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
70,203

 
 
4/27/2018
 
Governors Towne Square
 
Atlanta, GA
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
68,658

 
 
6/26/2018
 
Neapolitan Way
 
Naples, FL
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
137,580

 
 
6/29/2018
 
Conway Plaza
 
Orlando, FL
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
117,705

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student housing properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10/27/2017
 
Stadium Village (1)
 
Atlanta, GA
 
198

 
792

 
n/a

 
 
12/18/2017
 
Ursa (1)
 
Waco, TX
 
250

 
840

 
n/a

 
 
5/10/2018
 
The Tradition
 
College Station, TX
 
427

 
808

 
n/a

 
 
5/31/2018
 
The Retreat at Orlando
 
Orlando, FL
 
221

 
894

 
n/a

 
 
6/27/2018
 
The Bloc
 
Lubbock, TX
 
140

 
556

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11/13/2017
 
Westridge at La Cantera
 
San Antonio, TX
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
258,000

 
 
1/29/2018
 
Armour Yards
 
Atlanta, GA
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
187,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,258

 
3,890

 
1,416,098

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The Company acquired and owns an approximate 99% equity interest in a joint venture which owns both Stadium Village and Ursa.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

For property level revenues and operating expenses presented in this discussion, multifamily communities acquired prior to July 1, 2017 includes our multifamily established communities same store population, as well as multifamily communities acquired prior to July 1, 2017 which are undergoing renovations or significant capital projects, are adding additional phases, or have not yet become stabilized.


51


Rental Revenues

Rental revenue increased due primarily to properties acquired since July 1, 2017, as shown in the following table:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Rental revenues
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
8,283

 
46.1
 %
 
$
18,598

 
50.7
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
560

 
3.1
 %
 
1,710

 
4.7
 %
Properties sold
 
(1,402
)
 
(7.8
)%
 
(3,791
)
 
(10.3
)%
Student housing properties
 
4,162

 
23.2
 %
 
7,804

 
21.3
 %
New Market Properties
 
3,219

 
17.9
 %
 
6,399

 
17.4
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
3,136

 
17.5
 %
 
5,951

 
16.2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
17,958

 
100.0
 %
 
$
36,671

 
100.0
 %

Increases in occupancy rates and in percentages of leased space and rent growth are the primary drivers of increases in rental revenue from our owned properties. Factors which we believe affect market rents include vacant unit inventory in local markets, local and national economic growth and resultant employment stability, income levels and growth, the ease of obtaining credit for home purchases, and changes in demand due to consumer confidence in the above factors.

We also collect revenue from residents and tenants for items such as utilities, application fees, lease termination fees, common area maintenance reimbursements and late charges. The increases in other property revenues for the three-month period and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 versus 2017 were similarly due to the acquisitions listed above.

Interest income from our real estate loan investments increased for the three-month period ended June 30, 2018 versus 2017, primarily due to the recognition of approximately $2.2 million of interest income from the fees earned from the termination of purchase options on three multifamily communities and two student housing properties. The principal amount outstanding on our portfolio of real estate loan investments decreased to approximately $376.1 million at June 30, 2018 from $395.0 million at June 30, 2017. The total commitment amount of our real estate loan investment portfolio increased from approximately $442.0 million at June 30, 2017 to $512.8 million at June 30, 2018.

We recorded interest income and other revenue from these instruments as presented in Note 4 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
 






52


Property operating and maintenance expense

Expenses to operate and maintain our properties rose primarily due to the incremental costs brought on by property acquisitions listed previously, as summarized in the following table. The primary components of operating and maintenance expense are utilities, property repairs, and landscaping costs. The expenses incurred for property repairs and, to a lesser extent, utilities could generally be expected to increase gradually over time as the buildings and properties age. Utility costs may generally be expected to increase in future periods as rate increases from providing carriers are passed on to our residents and tenants.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Property operating and maintenance
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
1,118

 
38.4
 %
 
$
2,678

 
51.8
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
200

 
6.9
 %
 
167

 
3.2
 %
Properties sold
 
(233
)
 
(8.0
)%
 
(633
)
 
(12.2
)%
Student housing properties
 
747

 
25.7
 %
 
1,403

 
27.1
 %
New Market Properties
 
728

 
25.0
 %
 
1,053

 
20.3
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
349

 
12.0
 %
 
507

 
9.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
2,909

 
100.0
 %
 
$
5,175

 
100.0
 %

    
Property salary and benefits reimbursement to related party

We recorded property salary and benefits expense for individuals who handle the on-site management, operations and maintenance of our properties. These costs increased primarily due to the incremental costs brought on by property acquisitions listed previously, as summarized in the following table.

 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Property salary and benefits reimbursement
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
751

 
74.4
 %
 
$
1,661

 
88.4
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
70

 
6.9
 %
 
(111
)
 
(5.9
)%
Properties sold
 
(251
)
 
(24.9
)%
 
(509
)
 
(27.1
)%
Student housing properties
 
343

 
34.0
 %
 
703

 
37.4
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
96

 
9.6
 %
 
136

 
7.2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
1,009

 
100.0
 %
 
$
1,880

 
100.0
 %

Property management fees

We pay a fee for property management services to our Manager in an amount of 4% of gross property revenues as compensation for services such as rental, leasing, operation and management of our multifamily communities and the supervision of any subcontractors; for grocery-anchored shopping center assets, property management fees are generally 4% of gross property revenues, of which generally 3.5% is paid to a third party management company. Property management fees for office building assets are within the range of 2.0% to 2.75% of gross property revenues, of which 1.5% to 2.25% is paid to a third party management company. The increases were primarily due to property acquisitions listed previously, as summarized in the following table.


53


 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Property management fees
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
365

 
51.1
 %
 
$
812

 
51.7
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
18

 
2.5
 %
 
37

 
2.4
 %
Properties sold
 
(70
)
 
(9.8
)%
 
(189
)
 
(12.0
)%
Student housing properties
 
144

 
20.1
 %
 
290

 
18.5
 %
New Market Properties
 
161

 
22.5
 %
 
438

 
27.9
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
97

 
13.6
 %
 
181

 
11.5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
715

 
100.0
 %
 
$
1,569

 
100.0
 %

Real estate taxes

We are liable for property taxes due to the various counties and municipalities that levy such taxes on real property for each of our properties. Real estate taxes rose primarily due to the incremental costs brought on by property acquisitions listed previously, as summarized in the following table.

 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Real estate taxes
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
1,045

 
43.9
 %
 
$
2,438

 
54.8
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
(100
)
 
(4.2
)%
 
(475
)
 
(10.7
)%
Properties sold
 
(181
)
 
(7.6
)%
 
(711
)
 
(16.0
)%
Student housing properties
 
608

 
25.5
 %
 
1,122

 
25.2
 %
New Market Properties
 
281

 
11.8
 %
 
885

 
19.9
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
730

 
30.6
 %
 
1,195

 
26.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
2,383

 
100.0
 %
 
$
4,454

 
100.0
 %

        
We generally expect the assessed values of our properties to rise over time, owing to our expectation of improving market conditions, as well as pressure on municipalities to raise revenues. 

General and Administrative

The increase was primarily due to higher franchise and net worth taxes, and administrative expenses related to property acquisitions listed previously, as summarized in the following table.




54


 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
General and administrative expense
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxes, licenses and fees
 
$
13

 
4.2
 %
 
$
12

 
2.0
 %
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
161

 
53.1
 %
 
399

 
62.4
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
85

 
28.1
 %
 
26

 
4.1
 %
Properties sold
 
(54
)
 
(17.8
)%
 
(106
)
 
(16.6
)%
Student housing properties
 
102

 
33.7
 %
 
142

 
22.2
 %
New Market Properties
 
(19
)
 
(6.3
)%
 
(8
)
 
(1.3
)%
Preferred Office Properties
 
15

 
5.0
 %
 
174

 
27.2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
303

 
100.0
 %
 
$
639

 
100.0
 %


Equity compensation to directors and executives

Expenses recorded for equity compensation awards increased primarily due to expansions of Class B Unit awards in 2018, the details of which are presented in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
    
Depreciation and amortization

The net increases in depreciation and amortization were driven by:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Depreciation and amortization
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
6,562

 
48.1
 %
 
$
17,228

 
58.6
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
(1,396
)
 
(10.2
)%
 
(3,416
)
 
(11.6
)%
Properties sold
 
(458
)
 
(3.4
)%
 
(1,066
)
 
(3.6
)%
Student housing properties
 
4,959

 
36.4
 %
 
9,047

 
30.7
 %
New Market Properties
 
2,115

 
15.5
 %
 
3,954

 
13.4
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
1,856

 
13.6
 %
 
3,681

 
12.5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
13,638

 
100.0
 %
 
$
29,428

 
100.0
 %


The decreases in depreciation and amortization expense for multifamily communities acquired during 2011 - 2016 was due to higher amortization of intangible assets recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2017 related to properties acquired during late 2016. These intangible assets were fully amortized during 2017.

Asset management fees and general and administrative expense fees to related party

Monthly asset management fees are equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the total book value of assets, as adjusted. General and administrative expense fees are equal to 2% of the monthly gross revenues of the Company. Both are calculated as prescribed by the Management Agreement and are paid monthly to our Manager. These fees rose primarily due to the incremental assets and revenues brought on by acquired office buildings, grocery-anchored shopping centers, student housing properties and multifamily communities listed previously and as detailed in note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, as well as by the previously-described expansion of our real estate loan investment portfolio from June 30, 2017 to June 30, 2018.





55


Insurance, professional fees and other expenses

The increases consisted of:

 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Insurance, professional fees, and other expenses
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Audit and tax fees
 
139

 
22.0
%
 
98

 
12.5
 %
Insurance premiums
 
315

 
49.9
%
 
1,318

 
168.1
 %
Legal and other professional fees
 
177

 
28.1
%
 
(632
)
 
(80.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
631

 
100.0
%
 
$
784

 
100.0
 %

Waived asset management and general and administrative expense fees

The Manager may, in its discretion, waive some or all of the asset management, property management, or general and administrative fees for properties owned by the Company. The waived fees are converted at the time of this election into contingent fees, which are earned by the Manager only in the event of a sales transaction, and whereby the Company’s capital contributions for the property being sold exceed a 7% annual rate of return. The Company will recognize in future periods to the extent, if any, it determines that the sales transaction is probable, and that the estimated net sale proceeds would exceed the annual rate of return hurdle.

On May 25, 2017,we closed on the sale of our Enclave at Vista Ridge multifamily community to an unrelated third party. At such date, the Manager collected a cumulative total of approximately $387,000 of contingent fees. The sales transaction, and the fact that the Company’s capital contributions for the Enclave at Vista Ridge property achieved a greater than 7% annual rate of return, triggered the fees to become immediately due and payable to the Manager at the closing of the sale transaction.

Interest expense

The increases consisted of:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2018 versus 2017
 
2018 versus 2017
(in thousands)
 
Increase
 
Increase
Interest expense
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
 
Amount
 
Percent of increase
Multifamily communities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired during 2017-2018
 
$
2,811

 
47.3
 %
 
$
6,456

 
54.2
 %
Acquired during 2011-2016
 
266

 
4.5
 %
 
705

 
5.9
 %
Properties sold
 
(326
)
 
(5.5
)%
 
(883
)
 
(7.4
)%
Student housing properties
 
1,665

 
28.0
 %
 
2,879

 
24.2
 %
New Market Properties
 
1,119

 
18.8
 %
 
2,145

 
18.0
 %
Preferred Office Properties
 
989

 
16.6
 %
 
1,853

 
15.6
 %
KeyBank Operating LOC & Term Notes
 
(547
)
 
(9.2
)%
 
(935
)
 
(7.9
)%
Loan Participants
 
(28
)
 
(0.5
)%
 
(311
)
 
(2.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
5,949

 
100.0
 %
 
$
11,909

 
100.0
 %

Gain on sale of real estate

We recognized a gain on the sale of the Lake Cameron multifamily community of approximately $20.4 million during the first quarter 2018. The combined gain of approximately $37.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was related to the sales of the Sandstone Creek, Ashford Park and Enclave at Vista Ridge multifamily communities.

56



Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures

We disclose FFO and AFFO, both of which meet the definition of a “non-GAAP financial measure” set forth in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. As a result we are required to include in this filing a statement of why the Company believes that presentation of these measures provides useful information to investors. Neither FFO nor AFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance, and we believe that to understand our performance further FFO and AFFO should be compared with our reported net income or net loss and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our consolidated financial statements. FFO and AFFO are not considered measures of liquidity and are not alternatives to measures calculated under GAAP.

Funds From Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders (“FFO”)

FFO is one of the most commonly utilized Non-GAAP measures currently in practice. In its 2002 “White Paper on Funds From Operations,” which was most recently revised in 2012, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, standardized the definition of how Net income/loss should be adjusted to arrive at FFO, in the interests of uniformity and comparability. We have adopted the NAREIT definition for computing FFO as a meaningful supplemental gauge of our operating results, and as is most often presented by other REIT industry participants.

The NAREIT definition of FFO (and the one reported by the Company) is:
Net income/loss:
excluding impairment charges on and gains/losses from sales of depreciable property;
plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and deferred leasing costs; and
after adjustments for the Company's proportionate share of unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

Not all companies necessarily utilize the standardized NAREIT definition of FFO, so caution should be taken in comparing the Company’s reported FFO results to those of other companies. The Company’s FFO results are comparable to the FFO results of other companies that follow the NAREIT definition of FFO and report these figures on that basis. FFO is a non-GAAP measure that is reconciled to its most comparable GAAP measure, net income/loss available to common stockholders.

Adjusted Funds From Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders (“AFFO”)

AFFO makes further adjustments to FFO results in order to arrive at a more refined measure of operating and financial performance. There is no industry standard definition of AFFO and practice is divergent across the industry. The Company calculates AFFO as:

FFO, plus:
• non-cash equity compensation to directors and executives;
• amortization of loan closing costs;
• losses on debt extinguishments or refinancing costs;
• weather-related property operating losses;
• amortization of loan coordination fees paid to the Manager;
• depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets;
• net loan fees received;
• accrued interest income received;
• cash received for purchase option terminations;
• deemed dividends on preferred stock redemptions;
• non-cash dividends on Series M Preferred Stock; and
• amortization of lease inducements;

Less:
• non-cash loan interest income;
• cash paid for loan closing costs;
• amortization of acquired real estate intangible liabilities;
• amortization of straight line rent adjustments, above and below market leases and deferred revenues; and
• normally-recurring capital expenditures and capitalized retail direct leasing costs.


57


AFFO figures reported by us may not be comparable to those AFFO figures reported by other companies. We utilize AFFO as another measure of the operating performance of our portfolio of real estate assets. We believe AFFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and may be useful in comparing our operating performance with other real estate companies. AFFO is a non-GAAP measure that is reconciled to its most comparable GAAP measure, net income/loss available to common stockholders. FFO and AFFO are not considered measures of liquidity and are not alternatives to measures calculated under GAAP.






58


Reconciliation of FFO and AFFO
to Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Common Stockholders (A)
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per-share figures)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders (See note 1)
$
(26,068
)
 
$
(12,034
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add:
Depreciation of real estate assets
 
29,441

 
20,616

 
Amortization of acquired real estate intangible assets and deferred leasing costs
12,314

 
7,670

 
Income attributable to non-controlling interests (See note 2)
 
(140
)
 
97

Less:
Gain on sale of real estate
 
(2
)
 
(6,915
)
FFO
15,545

 
9,434

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add:
Acquisition and pursuit costs
 
 

 
5

 
Loan cost amortization on acquisition term note
19

 
43

 
Amortization of loan coordination fees paid to the Manager (See note 3)
631

 
416

 
Mortgage loan refinancing and extinguishment costs
20

 
1,058

 
Insurance recovery in excess of weather-related property operating losses (See note 4)
66

 

 
Contingent management fees recognized
 
 

 
387

 
Non-cash equity compensation to directors and executives
950

 
871

 
Amortization of loan closing costs (See note 5)
 
1,213

 
1,053

 
Depreciation/amortization of non-real estate assets
 
340

 
171

 
Net loan fees received (See note 6)
 
411

 
417

 
Accrued interest income received (See note 7)
 
2,769

 
2,795

 
Cash received for termination of purchase options (See note 8)
 
2,514

 

 
Deemed dividends from cash redemptions of preferred stock
 
201

 

 
Non-cash dividends on Series M Preferred Stock
 
47

 

 
Amortization of lease inducements (See note 9)
 
311

 
93

Less:
Non-cash loan interest income (See note 7)
 
(5,690
)
 
(4,349
)
 
Amortization of acquired above and below market lease intangibles

 
 
 
 
and straight-line rental revenues (See note 10)
(2,505
)
 
(1,740
)
 
Amortization of deferred revenues (See note 11)
 
(642
)
 
(170
)
 
Normally recurring capital expenditures and leasing costs (See note 12)
(1,080
)
 
(972
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFFO
$
15,120

 
$
9,512

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends and distributions to Unitholders declared:
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends
 
 
$
10,104

 
$
7,539

 
Distributions to Unitholders (See note 2)
 
273

 
212

 
Total
 
 
 
$
10,377

 
$
7,751

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends and Unitholder distributions per share
 
$
0.255

 
$
0.235

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO per weighted average basic share of Common Stock and Unit outstanding
$
0.38

 
$
0.31

AFFO per weighted average basic share of Common Stock and Unit outstanding
$
0.37

 
$
0.31

 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares of Common Stock and Units outstanding: (A)
 
 
 
 
Basic:
 
 
 
39,383

 
29,894

 
Common Stock
 
 
1,070

 
902

 
Class A Units
 
 
 
40,453

 
30,796

 
Common Stock and Class A Units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Common Stock and Class A Units (B)
 
41,009

 
32,627

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual shares of Common Stock outstanding, including 25 and 24 unvested shares
 
 
 
 of restricted Common Stock at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively
39,750

 
32,445

Actual Class A Units outstanding at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
1,070

 
901

 
Total
 
 
 
40,820

 
33,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) Units and Unitholders refer to Class A Units in our Operating Partnership, or Class A Units, and holders of Class A Units, respectively. Unitholders include recipients of awards of Class B Units in our Operating Partnership, or Class B Units, for annual service which became vested and earned and automatically converted to Class A Units. Unitholders also include the entity that contributed the Wade Green grocery-anchored shopping center. The Class A Units collectively represent an approximate 2.64% weighted average non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership for the three-month period ended June 30, 2018.
(B) Since our FFO and AFFO results are positive for the periods reflected above, we are presenting recalculated diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock and Class A Units for these periods for purposes of this table, which includes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents from grants of the Class B Units, warrants included in units of Series A Preferred Stock issued, as well as annual grants of restricted Common Stock. The weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are the same for basic and diluted for any period for which we recorded a net loss available to common stockholders, excluding any gains from sales of real estate assets.

See Notes to Reconciliation of FFO and AFFO to Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders.


59


Reconciliation of FFO and AFFO
to Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Common Stockholders (A)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per-share figures)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders (See note 1)
$
(31,704
)
 
$
2,641

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add:
Depreciation of real estate assets
 
57,153

 
38,748

 
Amortization of acquired real estate intangible assets and deferred leasing costs
24,905

 
14,202

 
Income attributable to non-controlling interests (See note 2)
 
240

 
1,096

Less:
Gain on sale of real estate
 
(20,356
)
 
(37,639
)
FFO
30,238

 
19,048

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add:
Acquisition and pursuit costs
 
 

 
14

 
Loan cost amortization on acquisition term note
44

 
70

 
Amortization of loan coordination fees paid to the Manager (See note 3)
1,107

 
771

 
Mortgage loan refinancing and extinguishment costs
61

 
1,058

 
Insurance recovery in excess of weather-related property operating losses (See note 4)
(194
)
 

 
Contingent management fees recognized
 
 

 
387

 
Non-cash equity compensation to directors and executives
2,085

 
1,744

 
Amortization of loan closing costs (See note 5)
 
2,258

 
1,851

 
Depreciation/amortization of non-real estate assets
 
653

 
333

 
Net loan fees received (See note 6)
 
1,211

 
417

 
Accrued interest income received (See note 7)
 
4,112

 
5,319

 
Cash received for termination of purchase options (See note 8)
 
2,514

 

 
Deemed dividends from cash redemptions of preferred stock
 
519

 

 
Non-cash dividends on Series M Preferred Stock
 
153

 

 
Amortization of lease inducements (See note 9)
 
568

 
93

Less:
Non-cash loan interest income (See note 7)
 
(10,622
)
 
(8,648
)
 
Cash paid for loan closing costs
(391
)
 

 
Amortization of acquired above and below market lease intangibles

(5,694
)
 
(3,556
)
 
and straight-line rental revenues (See note 10)
 
 
 
 
Amortization of deferred revenues (See note 11)
 
(1,139
)
 
(170
)
 
Normally recurring capital expenditures and leasing costs (See note 12)
(1,954
)
 
(1,817
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFFO
$
25,529

 
$
16,914

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends and distributions to Unitholders declared:
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends
 
 
$
19,906

 
$
13,510

 
Distributions to Unitholders (See note 2)
 
540

 
411

 
Total
 
 
 
$
20,446

 
$
13,921

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock dividends and Unitholder distributions per share
 
$
0.505

 
$
0.455

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO per weighted average basic share of Common Stock and Unit outstanding
$
0.75

 
$
0.65

AFFO per weighted average basic share of Common Stock and Unit outstanding
$
0.63

 
$
0.58

 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares of Common Stock and Units outstanding: (A)
 
 
 
 
Basic:
 
 
 
39,241

 
28,423

 
Common Stock
 
 
1,070

 
914

 
Class A Units
 
 
 
40,311

 
29,337

 
Common Stock and Class A Units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Common Stock and Class A Units (B)
 
41,273

 
30,855

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual shares of Common Stock outstanding, including 25 and 24 unvested shares
 
 
 
 of restricted Common Stock at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively
39,750

 
32,445

Actual Class A Units outstanding at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
1,070

 
901

 
Total
 
 
 
40,820

 
33,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) Units and Unitholders refer to Class A Units in our Operating Partnership, or Class A Units, and holders of Class A Units, respectively. Unitholders include recipients of awards of Class B Units in our Operating Partnership, or Class B Units, for annual service which became vested and earned and automatically converted to Class A Units. Unitholders also include the entity that contributed the Wade Green grocery-anchored shopping center. The Class A Units collectively represent an approximate 2.65% weighted average non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018.
(B) Since our FFO and AFFO results are positive for the periods reflected above, we are presenting recalculated diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock and Class A Units for these periods for purposes of this table, which includes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents from grants of the Class B Units, warrants included in units of Series A Preferred Stock issued, as well as annual grants of restricted Common Stock. The weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are the same for basic and diluted for any period for which we recorded a net loss available to common stockholders, excluding any gains from sales of real estate assets.
See Notes to Reconciliation of FFO and AFFO to Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders.


60


Notes to Reconciliations of FFO and AFFO to Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Common Stockholders

1)
Rental and other property revenues and property operating expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 include activity for the four grocery-anchored shopping centers and three student housing properties acquired during the quarter only from their respective dates of acquisition. In addition, the second quarter 2018 period includes a full quarter of activity for the seven multifamily communities, six grocery-anchored shopping centers, two student housing properties and two office buildings acquired during the third and fourth quarters 2017 and first quarter 2018. Rental and other property revenues and expenses for the second quarter 2017 include activity for the acquisitions made during that period only from their respective dates of acquisition.

2)
Non-controlling interests in our Operating Partnership consisted of a total of 1,070,103 Class A Units as of June 30, 2018. Included in this total are 419,228 Class A Units which were granted as partial consideration to the seller in conjunction with the seller's contribution to us on February 29, 2016 of the Wade Green grocery-anchored shopping center. The remaining Class A units were awarded primarily to our key executive officers. The Class A Units are apportioned a percentage of our financial results as non-controlling interests. The weighted average ownership percentage of these holders of Class A Units was calculated to be 2.64% and 2.93% for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

3)
As of January 1, 2016, we pay loan coordination fees to Preferred Apartment Advisors, LLC, our Manager, related to obtaining mortgage financing for acquired properties. Loan coordination fees were introduced to reflect the administrative effort involved in arranging debt financing for acquired properties. The portion of the loan coordination fees paid up until July 1, 2017 attributable to the financing were amortized over the lives of the respective mortgage loans, and this non-cash amortization expense is an addition to FFO in the calculation of AFFO. Beginning effective July 1, 2017, the loan coordination fee was lowered from 1.6% to 0.6% of the amount of any mortgage indebtedness on newly-acquired properties or refinancing. All of the loan coordination fees paid to our Manager subsequent to July 1, 2017 are amortized over the life of the debt. At June 30, 2018, aggregate unamortized loan coordination fees were approximately $12.6 million, which will be amortized over a weighted average remaining loan life of approximately 10.2 years.

4)
We sustained weather-related operating losses due to Hurricane Harvey at our Stone Creek multifamily community during the first and second quarters 2018; these costs are added back to FFO in our calculation of AFFO. Included in these adjustments are the receipt from our insurance carrier during the first quarter 2018 of claims proceeds for lost rental revenues incurred in 2017 that totaled approximately $588,000, which was recognized in our statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Lost rent and other operating costs incurred during the three-month period ended June 30, 2018 totaled approximately $66,000.

5)
We incur loan closing costs on our existing mortgage loans, which are secured on a property-by-property basis by each of our acquired real estate assets, and also for occasional amendments to our syndicated revolving line of credit with Key Bank National Association, or our Revolving Line of Credit. On March 23, 2018, but effective April 13, 2018, the maximum borrowing capacity on the Revolving Line of Credit was increased from $150 million to $200 million. These loan closing costs are also amortized over the lives of the respective loans and the Revolving Line of Credit, and this non-cash amortization expense is an addition to FFO in the calculation of AFFO. Neither we nor the Operating Partnership have any recourse liability in connection with any of the mortgage loans, nor do we have any cross-collateralization arrangements with respect to the assets securing the mortgage loans, other than security interests in 49% of the equity interests of the subsidiaries owning such assets, granted in connection with our Revolving Line of Credit, which provides for full recourse liability. At June 30, 2018, aggregate unamortized loan costs were approximately $20.8 million, which will be amortized over a weighted average remaining loan life of approximately 7.7 years.

6)
We receive loan origination fees in conjunction with the origination of certain real estate loan investments. These fees are then recognized as revenue over the lives of the applicable loans as adjustments of yield using the effective interest method. The total fees received after the payment of loan origination fees to our Manager are additive adjustments in the calculation of AFFO. Correspondingly, the amortized non-cash income is a deduction in the calculation of AFFO. Over the lives of certain loans, we accrue additional interest amounts that become due to us at the time of repayment of the loan or refinancing of the property, or when the property is sold. This non-cash interest income is subtracted from FFO in our calculation of AFFO.

7)
This adjustment reflects the receipt during the periods presented of additional interest income (described in note 6 above) which was earned and accrued prior to those periods presented on various real estate loans.

8)
On May 7, 2018, we terminated our existing purchase options on the Encore, Bishop Street and Hidden River multifamily communities and the Haven 46 and Haven Charlotte student housing properties, all of which are partially supported by real estate loan investments held by us. In exchange, we are to receive termination fees aggregating approximately $12.5 million from the developers. During the second quarter, we received $2.5 million in cash in excess of the recognized termination fees, which are added to FFO in our calculation of AFFO.

9)
This adjustment removes the non-cash amortization of costs incurred to induce tenants to lease space in our office buildings and grocery-anchored shopping centers.

10)
This adjustment reflects straight-line rent adjustments and the reversal of the non-cash amortization of below-market and above-market lease intangibles, which were recognized in conjunction with our acquisitions and which are amortized over the estimated average remaining lease terms from the acquisition date for multifamily communities and over the remaining lease terms for grocery-anchored shopping

61


center assets and office buildings. At June 30, 2018, the balance of unamortized below-market lease intangibles was approximately $40.3 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average remaining lease period of approximately 9.2 years.

11)
This adjustment removes the non-cash amortization of deferred revenue recorded by us in conjunction with Company-owned lessee-funded tenant improvements in our office buildings, as well as non-cash revenue earned from our investment in the collateralized mortgage-backed security in th Freddie Mac K Program.
        
12)
We deduct from FFO normally recurring capital expenditures that are necessary to maintain our assets’ revenue streams in the calculation of AFFO. This adjustment also deducts from FFO capitalized amounts for third party costs during the period to originate or renew leases in our grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings. No adjustment is made in the calculation of AFFO for nonrecurring capital expenditures. See Capital Expenditures, Grocery-Anchored Shopping Center Portfolio, and Office Buildings Portfolio sections for definitions of these terms.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Short-Term Liquidity

We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund:

operating expenses directly related to our portfolio of multifamily communities, grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings (including regular maintenance items);
capital expenditures incurred to lease our multifamily communities, grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings;
interest expense on our outstanding property level debt;
amounts due on our Credit Facility;
distributions that we pay to our preferred stockholders, common stockholders, and unitholders;
cash redemptions that we may pay to our preferred stockholders; and
committed investments.

We have a credit facility, or Credit Facility, with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank, which defines a syndicated revolving line of credit, or Revolving Line of Credit, which is used to fund investments, capital expenditures, dividends (with consent of KeyBank), working capital and other general corporate purposes on an as needed basis. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Revolving Line of Credit was $150.0 million pursuant to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended effective December 27, 2016, or the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On March 23, 2018, but effective as of April 13, 2018, the maximum borrowing capacity was increased to $200.0 million pursuant to an accordion feature. The Revolving Line of Credit accrues interest at a variable rate of one month LIBOR plus 3.25% per annum and matures on August 5, 2019, with an option to extend the maturity date to August 5, 2020, subject to certain conditions described therein. At June 30, 2018, we had a balance owed of $38.5 million under the Revolving Line of Credit. Interest expense on the Revolving Line of Credit was approximately $1.4 million (excluding deferred loan cost amortization of approximately $0.4 million) and the weighted average interest rate was 5.1% for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018.
On May 26, 2016, the Company entered into a $11.0 million interim term loan with KeyBank, or the Interim Term Loan, to partially finance the acquisition of Anderson Central, a grocery-anchored shopping center located in Anderson, South Carolina. The Interim Term Loan accrued interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum and was repaid and extinguished during the first quarter 2018.

On March 29, 2018, the Company refinanced the mortgage on its Sol student housing property.  A short-term bridge loan was used to replace the mortgage being held on the Acquisition Facility. The mortgage principal balance of approximately $37.5 million remained the same under the new financing arrangement, and the existing variable interest rate decreased 10 basis points, to 210 basis points over LIBOR.  As a result of the refinance, the Company incurred expenses of approximately $41,000, which are included within the Interest Expense line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants that limit or restrict secured and unsecured indebtedness, mergers and fundamental changes, investments and acquisitions, liens and encumbrances, dividends, transactions with affiliates, burdensome agreements, changes in fiscal year and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. The material financial covenants include minimum net worth and debt service coverage ratios and maximum leverage and dividend payout ratios. As of June 30, 2018, we were in compliance with all covenants related to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Our results with respect to such compliance are presented in Note 9 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

62



On February 28, 2017, we entered into a revolving acquisition credit agreement, or Acquisition Credit Agreement, with Freddie Mac to obtain an acquisition revolving credit facility, or Acquisition Facility, with a maximum borrowing capacity of $200 million. The sole purpose of the Acquisition Credit Agreement is to finance our acquisitions of multifamily communities and student housing communities prior to obtaining permanent conventional mortgage financing on the acquired assets. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Acquisition Facility may be increased at our request up to $300 million at any time prior to March 1, 2021. The Acquisition Facility accrues interest at a variable rate of one month LIBOR plus a margin of between 1.75% per annum and 2.20% per annum, depending on the type of assets acquired and the resulting property debt service coverage ratio. The Acquisition Facility has a maturity date of March 1, 2022 and has two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions described therein.

Our net cash provided by operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $73.2 million and $42.4 million, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the incremental cash generated by property income provided by the real estate assets acquired during 2017 and 2018 and an increase in cash collections of interest income from our portfolio of real estate loans and notes, including the receipt of approximately $5.1 million of termination fees from the sale of purchase options.

The majority of our revenue is derived from residents and tenants under existing leases at our multifamily communities, student housing properties, grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings. Therefore, our operating cash flow is principally dependent on: (1) the number of multifamily communities, student housing properties, grocery-anchored shopping centers and office buildings in our portfolio; (2) rental rates; (3) occupancy rates; (4) operating expenses associated with these properties; and (5) the ability of our residents and tenants to make their rental payments. We believe we are well positioned to take advantage of the recent improvements in real estate fundamentals, such as higher occupancy rates, positive new and renewal rates over expiring leases, a declining home ownership rate and a decline in turnover, which we believe are all positive developments in the real estate industry.

We also earn interest revenue from the issuance of real estate-related loans and may receive fees at the inception of these loans for committing and originating them. Interest revenue we receive on these loans is influenced by (1) market interest rates on similar loans; (2) the availability of credit from alternative financing sources; (3) the desire of borrowers to finance new real estate projects; and (4) unique characteristics attached to these loans, such as exclusive purchase options.

Our net cash used in investing activities was approximately $371.6 million and $145.3 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Disbursements for property acquisitions were approximately $405.9 million during the 2018 period and approximately $222.4 million during the 2017 period, partially offset by the receipt of approximately $42.3 million and $148.1 million from the sales of multifamily communities during the same respective periods. Repayments for real estate loans, net of disbursements, were approximately $12.4 million during the 2018 period. Disbursements for real estate loans, net of repayments, were approximately $60.5 million during the 2017 period.

Cash used in investing activities is primarily driven by acquisitions and dispositions of multifamily properties and retail shopping centers and acquisitions and maturities or other dispositions of real estate loans and other real estate and real estate-related assets, and secondarily by capital expenditures related to our owned properties. We will seek to acquire more multifamily communities and retail shopping centers at costs that we expect will be accretive to our financial results. Capital expenditures may be nonrecurring and discretionary, as part of a strategic plan intended to increase a property’s value and corresponding revenue-generating power, or may be normally recurring and necessary to maintain the income streams and present value of a property. Certain capital expenditures may be budgeted and reserved for upon acquiring a property as initial expenditures necessary to bring a property up to our standards or to add features or amenities that we believe make the property a compelling value to prospective residents or tenants in its individual market. These budgeted nonrecurring capital expenditures in connection with an acquisition are funded from the capital source(s) for the acquisition and are not dependent upon subsequent property operational cash flows for funding.
    








63





For the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, our capital expenditures for our multifamily communities and student housing properties, not including changes in related payables were as follows:

 
 
 
Capital Expenditures - Multifamily Communities
 
 
 
Recurring
 
Non-recurring
 
Total
(in thousands, except per-unit figures)
Amount
 
Per Unit
 
Amount
 
Per Unit
 
Amount
 
Per Unit
Appliances
$
165

 
$
34.04

 
$

 
$

 
$
165

 
$
34.04

Carpets
 
 
584

 
120.80

 

 

 
584

 
120.80

Wood / vinyl flooring
131

 
27.18

 

 

 
131

 
27.18

Mini blinds and ceiling fans
48

 
10.02

 

 

 
48

 
10.02

Fire safety
 
13

 
2.70

 
113

 
23.38

 
126

 
26.08

HVAC
 
146

 
30.22

 

 

 
146

 
30.22

Computers, equipment, misc.
23

 
4.75

 
143

 
29.68

 
166

 
34.43

Elevators

 

 
15

 
3.05

 
15

 
3.05

Exterior painting

 

 
61

 
12.57

 
61

 
12.57

Leasing office and other common amenities 
42

 
8.60

 
511

 
105.84

 
553

 
114.44

Major structural projects 

 

 
561

 
116.01

 
561

 
116.01

Cabinets and countertop upgrades

 

 
548

 
113.38

 
548

 
113.38

Landscaping and fencing
5

 
0.93

 
214

 
44.28

 
219

 
45.21

Parking lot
 
76

 
15.68

 
295

 
61.05

 
371

 
76.73

Common area items

 

 
42

 
8.76

 
42

 
8.76

Totals
 
 
$
1,233

 
$
254.92

 
$
2,503

 
$
518

 
$
3,736

 
$
772.92



 
 
 
Capital Expenditures - Student Housing Properties
 
 
 
Recurring
 
Non-recurring
 
Total
(in thousands, except per-unit figures)
Amount
 
Per Unit
 
Amount
 
Per Unit
 
Amount
 
Per Unit
Appliances
$
17

 
$
31.83

 
$

 
$

 
$
17

 
$
31.83

Carpets
 
 
6

 
11.61

 

 

 
6

 
11.61

Wood / vinyl flooring
5

 
9.78

 

 

 
5

 
9.78

Mini blinds and ceiling fans
1

 
1.00

 

 

 
1

 
1.00

Fire safety
 

 

 
3

 
6.16

 
3

 
6.16

HVAC
 
26

 
50.47

 

 

 
26

 
50.47

Computers, equipment, misc.
12

 
23.82

 
14

 
26.11

 
26

 
49.93

Elevators

 

 

 

 

 

Exterior painting

 

 
11

 
20.53

 
11

 
20.53

Leasing office and other common amenities 
20

 
38.18

 
231

 
445.5

 
251

 
483.68

Major structural projects 
1

 
2.82

 
135

 
260.86

 
136

 
263.68

Cabinets and counter top upgrades

 

 
1

 
1.41

 
1

 
1.41

Landscaping and fencing

 

 
55

 
106.31

 
55

 
106.31

Parking lot
 

 

 
11

 
20.29

 
11

 
20.29

Common area items
2

 
4.49

 
19

 
36

 
21

 
40.49

Totals
 
 
$
90

 
$
174.00

 
$
480

 
$
923.17

 
$
570

 
$
1,097.17

    
In addition, second-generation capital expenditures within our grocery-anchored shopping center portfolio for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 totaled $531,245. Second-generation capital expenditures exclude those expenditures made in our grocery-anchored shopping center portfolio (i) to lease space to "first generation" tenants (i.e. leasing capital for existing vacancies and known move-outs at the time of acquisition), (ii) to bring recently acquired properties up to our ownership standards

64


(and which amounts were underwritten into the total investment at the time of acquisition), and (iii) for property re-developments and repositioning.

Second-generation capital expenditures within our office building portfolio for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 totaled $100,177. Second-generation capital expenditures exclude those expenditures made in our office building portfolio (i) to lease space to "first generation" tenants (i.e. leasing capital for existing vacancies and known move-outs at the time of acquisition), (ii) to bring recently acquired properties up to our Class A ownership standards (and which amounts were underwritten into the total investment at the time of acquisition), (iii) for property re-developments and repositionings and (iv) for building improvements that are recoverable from future operating cost savings.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $300.7 million and $96.2 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. During the 2018 period, our significant financing cash sources were approximately $211.9 million of proceeds from the mortgage financing transactions and approximately $204.2 million of net proceeds from our offerings of our Preferred Stock units. During the 2017 period, our significant financing cash sources were approximately $156.3 million of proceeds from the mortgage financing transactions and approximately $132.6 million of net proceeds from our offerings of our Preferred Stock units. Our significant uses of cash for financing activities during the 2018 period were $35.2 million for repayments of mortgage loan indebtedness and $59.2 million for dividend and distribution payments. Our significant uses of cash for financing activities during the 2017 period were $116.0 million for repayments of mortgage loan indebtedness, $89.0 million of net repayments on our revolving line of credit and $41.1 million for dividend and distribution payments.

Distributions

In order to maintain our status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must comply with a number of organizational and operating requirements, including a requirement to distribute 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP and determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on the taxable income we distribute to our stockholders. Generally, our objective is to meet our short-term liquidity requirement of funding the payment of our quarterly Common Stock dividends, as well as monthly dividends to holders of our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and our mShares, through net cash generated from operating results.

Our board of directors reviews the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and our mShares dividends monthly to determine whether we have funds legally available for payment of such dividends in cash, and there can be no assurance that the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and our mShares dividends will consistently be paid in cash. Dividends may be paid as a combination of cash and stock in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs. We expect the aggregate dollar amount of monthly Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and our mShares dividend payments to increase at a rate that approximates the rate at which we issue new Units from our $1.5 Billion Unit Offering and our mShares Offering.

Our second quarter 2018 Common Stock dividend declaration of $0.255 per share represented an overall increase of 104.0% from our initial Common Stock dividend per share of $0.125 following our IPO, or an annualized dividend growth rate of approximately 14.9% over the same period. Our board of directors reviews the proposed Common Stock dividend declarations quarterly, and there can be no assurance that the current dividend level will be maintained.

We believe that our short-term liquidity needs are and will continue to be adequately funded.

For the three-month period ended June 30, 2018, our aggregate dividends and distributions totaled approximately $31.3 million. Our cash flows from operating activities of approximately $41.7 million were sufficient to fund our cash dividend distributions for the three-month period ended June 30, 2018. We expect our cash flow from operations over time to be sufficient to fund our quarterly Common Stock dividends, Class A Unit distributions and our monthly Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and mShares dividends.
 
Long-Term Liquidity Needs

We believe our principal long-term liquidity needs are to fund:

the principal amount of our long-term debt as it becomes due or matures;
capital expenditures needed for our multifamily communities and retail shopping centers;
costs associated with current and future capital raising activities;

65


costs to acquire additional multifamily communities, retail assets or other real estate and enter into new and fund existing lending opportunities; and
our minimum distributions necessary to maintain our REIT status.

We intend to finance our future investments with the net proceeds from additional issuances of our securities, including our $1.5 Billion Unit Offering, our mShares Offering (both as defined below), Common Stock, and units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, and/or borrowings. The success of our acquisition strategy may depend, in part, on our ability to access further capital through issuances of additional securities, especially our $1.5 Billion Unit Offering, details of which are described below. If we are unsuccessful in raising additional funds, we may not be able to obtain any assets in addition to those we have acquired.

On October 11, 2013, the SEC declared effective our registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-183355) for our offering of up to 900,000 Units, with each Unit consisting of one share of our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, stated value $1,000 per share and one Warrant to purchase 20 shares of our Common Stock, to be offered from time to time on a “reasonable best efforts” basis. This offering is referred to as the Follow-On Series A Offering. We commenced sales for the Follow-On Series A Offering on January 1, 2014. As of February 14, 2017, we had issued all 900,000 Units from and terminated our Follow-On Series A Offering.

On February 14, 2017, the SEC declared effective out registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-211924) for our offering for up to 1,500,000 Units, with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock and one Warrant to purchase up to 20 shares of Common Stock, referred to as our $1.5 Billion Unit Offering. The price per Unit is $1,000, subject to adjustment if a participating broker-dealer reduces its commission. We intend to invest substantially all the net proceeds of the $1.5 Billion Unit Offering in connection with the acquisition of multifamily communities, other real estate-related investments and general working capital purposes.

Aggregate offering expenses, including selling commissions and dealer manager fees, are capped at 11.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the $1.5 Billion Unit Offering, of which we will reimburse our Manager up to 1.5% of the gross proceeds of these offerings for all organization and offering expenses incurred, excluding selling commissions and dealer manager fees; however, upon approval by the conflicts committee of our board of directors, we may reimburse our Manager for any such expenses incurred above the 1.5% amount as permitted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

On December 2, 2016, the SEC declared effective our registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-214531), for our offering of up to 500,000 shares of Series M Redeemable Preferred Stock, or mShares, par value $0.01 per share, or the mShares Offering. The price per mShare is $1,000.  We intend to invest substantially all the net proceeds of the mShares Offering in connection with the acquisition of multifamily communities, other real estate-related investments and general working capital purposes. 
        
On May 12, 2017, we sold 2,750,000 shares of our Common Stock at a public offering price of $15.25 per share pursuant to an underwritten public offering. On May 30, 2017, we sold an additional 412,500 shares of Common Stock at $15.25 per share pursuant to the exercise in full of an option received in connection with the public offering. The combined gross proceeds of the two sales was approximately $48.2 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses.

The Company has filed a prospectus to issue and sell up to $150 million of Common Stock from time to time in an "at the market" offering, or the 2016 ATM Offering, through the sales agents identified in the prospectus. The Company intends to use any proceeds from the 2016 ATM Offering (a) to repay outstanding amounts under our Credit Facility and (b) for other general corporate purposes, which includes making investments in accordance with the Company's investment objectives. No sales were made pursuant to the 2016 ATM Offering during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Our ability to raise funds through the issuance of our securities is dependent on, among other things, general market conditions for REITs, market perceptions about us, and the current trading price of our Common Stock. We will continue to analyze which source of capital is most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but the equity and credit markets may not consistently be available on terms that are attractive to us or at all.

The sources to fulfill our long-term liquidity in the future may include borrowings from a number of sources, including repurchase agreements, securitizations, resecuritizations, warehouse facilities and credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), in addition to our Revolving Credit Facility. We have utilized, and we intend to continue to utilize, leverage

66


in making our investments in multifamily communities and retail shopping centers. The number of different multifamily communities, retail shopping centers and other investments we will acquire will be affected by numerous factors, including the amount of funds available to us. By operating on a leveraged basis, we will have more funds available for our investments. This will allow us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a larger and more diversified portfolio.

We intend to target leverage levels (secured and unsecured) between 50% and 65% of the fair market value of our tangible assets (including our real estate assets, real estate loans, notes receivable, accounts receivable and cash and cash equivalents) on a portfolio basis. As of June 30, 2018, our outstanding debt (both secured and unsecured) was approximately 51.3% of the value of our tangible assets on a portfolio basis based on our estimates of fair market value at June 30, 2018. Neither our charter nor our by-laws contain any limitation on the amount of leverage we may use. Our investment guidelines, which can be amended by our board without stockholder approval, limit our borrowings (secured and unsecured) to 75% of the cost of our tangible assets at the time of any new borrowing. These targets, however, will not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. The amount of leverage we will place on particular investments will depend on our Manager's assessment of a variety of factors which may include the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the assets in our investment portfolio, the potential for losses and extension risk in the portfolio, the availability and cost of financing the asset, our opinion of the creditworthiness of our financing counterparties, the health of the U.S. economy and the health of the commercial real estate market in general. In addition, factors such as our outlook on interest rates, changes in the yield curve slope, the level and volatility of interest rates and their associated credit spreads, the underlying collateral of our assets and our outlook on credit spreads relative to our outlook on interest rate and economic performance could all impact our decision and strategy for financing the target assets. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that the investment cost for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits. Finally, we intend to acquire all our real estate assets through separate single purpose entities and we intend to finance each of these assets using debt financing techniques for that asset alone without any cross-collateralization to our other real estate assets or any guarantees by us or our Operating Partnership. We intend to have no long-term unsecured debt at the Company or Operating Partnership levels, except for our Revolving Line of Credit.
Our secured and unsecured aggregate borrowings are intended by us to be reasonable in relation to our tangible assets and will be reviewed by our board of directors at least quarterly. In determining whether our borrowings are reasonable in relation to our tangible assets, we expect that our board of directors will consider many factors, including without limitation the lending standards of government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, for loans in connection with the financing of multifamily properties, the leverage ratios of publicly traded and non-traded REITs with similar investment strategies, and general market conditions. There is no limitation on the amount that we may borrow for any single investment.

Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent on a number of factors, including our credit ratings (if any), the value of our assets, our degree of leverage and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders. We will continue to monitor the debt markets, including Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac (from both of whom we have obtained single asset secured financing on all of our multifamily communities), and as market conditions permit, access borrowings that are advantageous to us.

If we are unable to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, we may have to curtail our investment activities, including acquisitions and improvements to real properties, which could limit our growth prospects. This, in turn, could reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more securities or borrowing more money. We may be forced to dispose of assets at inopportune times in order to maintain our REIT qualification and Investment Company Act exemption. Our ability to generate cash from asset sales is limited by market conditions and certain rules applicable to REITs. We may not be able to sell a property or properties as quickly as we would like or on terms as favorable as we would like.

Furthermore, if interest rates or other factors at the time of financing result in higher costs of financing, then the interest expense relating to that financed indebtedness would be higher. Higher interest rates on newly incurred debt may negatively impact us as well. If interest rates increase, our interest costs and overall costs of capital will increase, which could adversely affect our transaction and development activity, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. Finally, sellers may be less inclined to offer to sell to us if they believe we may be unable to obtain financing.

As of June 30, 2018, we had long term mortgage indebtedness of approximately $2.0 billion, all of which was incurred by us in connection with the acquisition or refinancing of our real estate properties.


67


As of June 30, 2018, we had approximately $21.3 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs. We believe that our long-term liquidity needs are and will continue to be adequately funded through the sources discussed above.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2018, we had 990,241 outstanding Warrants from our sales of Units. The Warrants are exercisable by the holder at an exercise price of 120% of the current market price per share of the Common Stock on the date of issuance of such Warrant, subject to a floor exercise price of $19.50 per share of Common Stock for any warrants issued after February 15, 2017. The current market price per share is determined using the closing market price of the Common Stock immediately preceding the issuance of the Warrant. The Warrants are not exercisable until one year following the date of issuance and expire four years following the date of issuance. As of June 30, 2018, a total of 456,066 Warrants had been exercised into 9,121,320 shares of Common stock and a remaining 990,241 Warrants are outstanding as of June 30, 2018, with exercise prices ranging from $10.06 to $26.34 per share. If all the Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2018 became exercisable and were exercised, gross proceeds to us would be approximately $117.2 million and we would as a result issue an additional 19,804,820 shares of Common Stock. 

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2018, our contractual obligations consisted of the mortgage notes secured by our acquired properties and the Revolving Credit Facility. Based on a LIBOR rate of 2.09% at June 30, 2018, our estimated future required payments on these instruments were:
(in thousands)
 
Total
 
Less than one year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than five years
Mortgage debt obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
$
538,384

 
$
79,110

 
$
137,902

 
$
109,438

 
$
211,934

Principal
 
2,035,892

 
177,180

 
296,317

 
432,261

 
1,130,134

Line of Credit:
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
30

 
30

 

 

 

Principal
 
38,500

 
38,500

 

 

 

Total
 
$
2,612,806

 
$
294,820

 
$
434,219

 
$
541,699

 
$
1,342,068


In addition, we had unfunded real estate loan balances totaling approximately $136.7 million at June 30, 2018.

We have no recourse liability to the consolidated VIE liabilities of the ML-04 mortgage-backed pool.

Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    
Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. All our floating-rate debt is tied to the 30-day LIBOR. As of June 30, 2018, we have variable rate mortgages on the properties listed in following table.
 
Balance
 
LIBOR Cap
 
All-in Cap
Avenues at Creekside
$
40,110

 
5.0
%
 
6.6
%
Citi Lakes
41,974

 
4.3
%
 
6.5
%
Village at Baldwin Park
77,800

 
N/A

 
N/A

SoL
37,485

 
N/A

 
N/A

Ursa
31,400

 
N/A

 
N/A

The Tradition
30,000

 
3.3
%
 
7.3
%
The Bloc
28,966

 
3.3
%
 
6.8
%
Royal Lakes
9,617

 
N/A

 
N/A

Cherokee Plaza
24,994

 
N/A

 
N/A

Champions Village
27,400

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
349,746

 
 
 
 


68


Our Revolving Line of Credit accrued interest at a spread of 3.25% over LIBOR as of June 30, 2018; this combined rate is uncapped. Because of the short term nature of the Revolving Line of Credit and Acquisition Credit Facility instruments, we believe our interest rate risk is minimal. We have no business operations which subject us to trading risk and no recourse liability or market or interest rate exposure to the consolidated VIE liabilities of the ML-04 mortgage-backed pool.

We have and will continue to manage interest rate risk as follows:

maintain a reasonable ratio of fixed-rate, long-term debt to total debt so that floating-rate exposure is kept at an acceptable level;
place interest rate caps on floating-rate debt where appropriate; and
take advantage of favorable market conditions for long-term debt and/or equity financings.
We use various financial models and advisors to achieve our objectives.

If interest rates under our floating-rate LIBOR-based indebtedness fluctuated by 100 basis points, our interest costs, based on outstanding borrowings at June 30, 2018, would increase by approximately $2.9 million on an annualized basis, or decrease by approximately $2.6 million on an annualized basis. The difference between the interest expense amounts related to an increase or decrease in our floating-rate interest cost is because LIBOR was 2.09% at June 30, 2018, therefore we have limited the estimate of how much our interest costs may decrease because we use a floor of 0% for LIBOR.

Item  4.
Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Management of the Company evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of June 30, 2018, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of such period to provide reasonable assurance that that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

As required by the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer evaluated the Company's internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any change occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during such period.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings

Neither we nor our subsidiaries nor, to our knowledge, our Manager is currently subject to any legal proceedings that we or our Manager consider to be material. To our knowledge, none of our communities are currently subject to any legal proceeding that we consider material.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to our potential risks and uncertainties presented in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 that was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018.

Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds



69


None.

Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.
Other Information

None.

Item  6.
Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.


70


EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number
 

Description
10.1
 

10.2
(1)
12.1
*
 
 
 
31.1
*
31.2
*
32.1
*
32.2
*
101
*
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials from Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (ii) consolidated statements of operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) consolidated statement of stockholders' equity, (iv) consolidated statement of cash flows and (v) notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
*
Filed or Furnished herewith
 
(1)
Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.



SIGNATURES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PREFERRED APARTMENT COMMUNITIES, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: August, 3, 2018
 
By: 
 /s/ Daniel M. DuPree
 
 
 
 
 
Daniel M. DuPree
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer 
 
 
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: August 3, 2018
 
By: 
 /s/ John Isakson
 
 
 
 
 
John A. Isakson
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 



71