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XPO Investor Presentation
May 2015
XPO to Acquire Norbert Dentressangle
Announced April 28, 2015
XPO to Acquire Bridge Terminal Transport
Announced May 4, 2015
Forward-Looking Statements
This presentation includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including 2015 performance targets, the expected closing dates for the acquisitions by XPO Logistics of Norbert Dentressangle SA and Bridge Terminal Transport Services, Inc. (BTT), the
expected impact of the transactions and the related financing, including the expected impact on XPO Logistics results of operations and EBITDA, the retention of the management teams of Norbert Dentressangle and BTT, the expected ability to
integrate operations and technology platforms and to cross-sell services, and the expected ability to retain acquired companies businesses and to grow XPOs and the acquired companies businesses. All statements other than statements
of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as anticipate, estimate, believe,
continue, could, intend, may, plan, potential, predict, should, will, expect, objective, projection,
forecast, goal, guidance, outlook, effort, target or the negative of these terms or other comparable terms. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements
are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as
other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances.
These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
assumptions that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Factors that might cause or contribute to a material difference include those discussed in XPOs filings with the SEC and the following: economic conditions generally; competition; XPOs ability to find suitable acquisition candidates and
execute its acquisition strategy; the expected impact of the Norbert Dentressangle and BTT acquisitions, including the expected impact on XPOs results of operations; the ability to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals and, in the case of
the BTT acquisition, to satisfy other closing conditions; XPOs ability to successfully complete the contemplated tender offer and acquisition of Norbert Dentressangles publicly held shares; the ability to successfully integrate and
realize anticipated synergies and cost savings with respect to Norbert Dentressangle, BTT and other acquired companies; XPOs ability to raise debt and equity capital; XPOs ability to attract and retain key employees to execute its growth
strategy, including retention of Norbert Dentressangles and BTTs management teams; litigation, including litigation related to alleged misclassification of independent contractors; the ability to develop and implement a suitable
information technology system; the ability to maintain positive relationships with XPOs, Norbert Dentressangles and BTTs networks of third-party transportation providers; the ability to retain XPOs, Norbert
Dentressangles, BTTs and other acquired companies largest customers; rail and other network changes; weather and other service disruptions; and governmental regulation. All forward-looking statements set forth in this press release
are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, XPO
or its businesses or operations. Forward-looking statements set forth in this document speak only as of the date hereof, and XPO undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, changes in
expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events except to the extent required by law.
Information concerning Norbert Dentressangle contained in this
presentation has been sourced from publicly available information. The public tender offer that will be filed by XPO on Norbert Dentressangle shares will be described in an information memorandum, which will be subject to the review and approval of
the French Autorité des marchés financiers.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This press release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures as defined under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules, such as adjusted net loss available to
common shareholders and adjusted earnings (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBITDA), in each case for the quarters ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. As required by SEC rules, we provide
reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which are set forth in the attachments to this release. We believe that adjusted net loss
available to common shareholders improves comparability from period to period by removing the impact of nonrecurring expense items, including costs related to the conversion of the companys convertible senior notes; acquisition-related
transaction and integration costs; and accelerated amortization of trade names related to the rebranding to XPO Logistics. We believe that adjusted EBITDA improves comparability from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure
(interest expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization) and tax consequences, in addition to the nonrecurring expense items noted above. In addition to its use by management, we believe that adjusted EBITDA is a
measure widely used by securities analysts, investors and others to evaluate the financial performance of companies in our industry. Other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently, and therefore our measure may not be comparable to
similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income, cash flows from operating activities and
other measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant and necessary components of the operations of our business, and, therefore, adjusted EBITDA should only be used as a supplemental measure of our
operating performance.
2 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Contents
Growth strategy
and execution First quarter 2015 financial results
Planned acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle Planned acquisition of Bridge Terminal Transport Summary
3 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
One of the Largest 3PLs in North America Today
Leader in end-to-end supply chain solutions
#1 provider of last mile logistics for heavy goods
#1 manager of expedited shipments
#2 freight brokerage firm and 12th largest logistics company
#3 provider of intermodal services, and leader in cross-border Mexico intermodal Leading provider of technology-enabled contract logistics Growing presence in freight forwarding,
LTL and managed transportation Over 39,000 deliveries a day facilitated by XPO businesses
Over 2 billion inventory units are tracked by XPOs contract
logistics technology at any given moment
Source: Industry publications and company filings
4 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Strong Value Proposition Drives Growth
Complete service portfolio
Freight brokerage, intermodal, last mile, expedite,
highly-engineered contract logistics and global forwarding Positioned as a single-source provider with the scale and resources to optimize the supply chains of blue chip customers
Capitalizes on the trend toward outsourcing
Serves 15,000 customers in the
manufacturing, retail, e-commerce, industrial, technology, aerospace, commercial, life sciences and government sectors
5 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4,
2015
Precise Execution of Growth Plan
Began executing a new growth strategy under new management, following a significant investment in the company in September of 2011
Completed 14 strategic acquisitions and established 23 cold-starts in three years Created leading-edge recruiting and training programs Introduced scalable IT platform Added
national operations centers for shared services, carrier procurement and last mile operations Stratified customers, assigned a single point of contact to each Created a culture of passionate on-time performance
Disciplined focus on operational excellence
6 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Major Resources Dedicated to Customer Satisfaction
201 locations in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Asia and Europe More than 10,000 employees
Approximately 4,900 owner operator trucks under contract for drayage, expedited and last mile subsidiaries
Will expand to 6,200 owner operator trucks after acquisition of BTT
Relationships with
an additional 32,000 vetted carriers representing approximately 700,000 trucks
Highly integrated and customer-focused organization
7 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Significant Growth Embedded in XPOs Model
Strategic accounts: market multiple services to large shippers
Multi-modal: become the
logistics partner of choice by offering the most compelling range of transportation solutions
Scale and productivity: recruit sales reps and provide
state-of-the-art training and information technology Cold-starts: expand footprint in markets with best access to sales talent Market demand: build leadership positions in the fastest-growing areas of logistics M&A program: pursue the most
strategically compelling opportunities while maintaining price-for-value discipline
8 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Secular Trends Driving Industry Growth
Growth in e-commerce retailing
Outsourcing of logistics services and capacity Conversion from
over-the-road to intermodal rail Near-shoring of manufacturing in Mexico Just-in-time lean production Driver shortage Automation in transportation and logistics
We
have positioned XPOs service offering to capitalize on each of these trends
9 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Leading Positions in High Growth Sectors
Market Projected Size Growth
Sector ($ billions) (x GDP) Growth Drivers
Outsourcing, driver shortage and Truck brokerage $50 2-3 times technology
Outsourcing,
e-commerce, just-in-Contract logistics $37 2-3 times time production and technology
Long-haul rail efficiencies and near-Intermodal $15 3-5 times sourcing of
manufacturing in Mexico
Last mile for
$13 5-6 times Outsourcing and
e-commerce heavy goods
Sources: Armstrong & Associates, Norbridge, Inc., EVE Partners LLC, FTR Associates, SJ Consulting Group, Inc., Bureau of Economic
Analysis, US Department of Commerce, A.T. Kearney
10 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Focused Sales and Marketing Effort
Differentiate XPO by providing a passionate commitment to customer satisfaction across a range of services Strategic accounts team markets to largest 2,000 companies, where XPO can
provide services throughout the supply chain in both transportation and logistics National accounts team focuses on next largest 1,600 companies Sales force is in constant contact with hundreds of thousands of small and mid-sized prospects
Two-thirds of top 50 customers use multiple XPO services
Sources: SJ
Consulting Group, Inc., company data
11 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
High Productivity through Technology
One common IT platform for freight brokerage in all cold-starts and acquired companies Proprietary Freight Optimizer tools for pricing and load-covering
Highly scalable load execution and tendering via automated load-to-carrier matching
Algorithms that retrieve truck information from multiple sources, weighted by cost and performance, to optimize carrier sourcing Proprietary Rail Optimizer
tools rolled out in Q1 2015
EDI integration secures 53 container, small box and drayage capacity, and facilitate constant communications with the
railroads
Alerts customers to unforeseen delays such as weather disruptions
2015 IT budget of $125 million
12 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Cold-starts Contribute to Organic Growth
23 cold-starts to date: 12 freight brokerage, 10 global forwarding; one expedite Low capital investment can deliver outsized returns Hire strong industry veterans as branch
presidents Position in prime recruitment areas and scale up
Freight brokerage cold-starts have grown organically to an annual revenue run rate of approximately
$270 million
13 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
CEO Bradley S. Jacobs
Prior to XPO, founded and led four highly successful companies, including two world-class publicly-traded corporations United Rentals: Built worlds largest
equipment rental company United Waste: Created 5th largest solid waste business in North America Hamilton Resources: Grew global oil trading company to ~$1 billion Amerex Oil Associates: Built one of worlds largest oil brokerage firms
United Rentals stock outperformed S&P 500 by 2.2x from 1997 to 2007 United Waste stock outperformed S&P 500 by 5.6x from 1992 to 1997
14 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Highly Skilled Management Team
Troy Cooper
United Rentals, United Waste
Chief Operating Officer
John Hardig
Stifel Nicolaus, Alex. Brown
Chief Financial Officer
Scott Malat
Goldman Sachs, UBS, JPMorgan Chase
Chief Strategy trategy Officer
Gordon Devens
AutoNation, Skadden Arps
General Counsel
Louis DeJoy
New Breed
Chief Executive Officer, Supply Chain
Bill Fraine
Chief Operating Officer, Supply Chain New Breed, FedEx
Ashfaque Chowdhury
New Breed
Chief Information Officer, Supply Chain
Karl Meyer
3PD, Home Depot
Chief Executive Officer, Last Mile
Paul Smith
Pacer
President, Intermodal
Julie Luna
Pacer, Union Pacific
Chief Commercial Officer
Mario Harik
Oakleaf Waste Management
Chief Information Officer
Partial list, the full management team can be found on www.xpo.com
15 | XPO Investor
Presentation May 4, 2015
Highly Skilled Management Team
Dave Rowe
Echo Global Logistics
Chief Technology Officer
Bud Workmon
3PD, Cardinal Logistics
President, Last Mile
Will OShea
3PD, Ryder, Cardinal Logistics
Chief Sales and Marketing Officer, Last Mile
Dominick Muzi
Priority Solutions, AIT Worldwide
President, Global Forwarding
Drew Wilkerson
C.H. Robinson
Regional Vice President
Michael ODonnell
Landstar, Penske, TNT
Executive VP, Expedite Managed Transportation
Angela Kirkby
Belk, Bank of America, Accenture
Senior Vice President, Human Resources
Jake Schnell
C.H. Robinson
Director, Pricing and Operations Support
Lou Amo
Electrolux, Union Pacific, Odyssey Logistics
Vice President, Operational Initiatives
Greg Ritter
Knight Transportation, C.H. Robinson
Senior Vice President, Strategic Accounts
Chris Duffell
United Rentals
Vice President, Strategic Initiatives
Partial list, the full management team can be found on
www.xpo.com
16 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
First Quarter 2015 Financial Results
First Quarter 2015 Results
Revenue ($ millions) Adjusted EBITDA ($ millions) (1)
$703
+149% YOY $29.2
$282
$0.6
Q1 14 Q1 15 Q1 14 Q1 15
(1) For a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss, see Appendix
18 | XPO Investor
Presentation May 4, 2015
First 39 Months of Growth Strategy
Revenue ($ millions) $831
$703 $662
$581
$295 $245 $194 $137 $109 $114
$55 $71
$45
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 2012 2013 2014 2015
19 | XPO Investor Presentation
May 4, 2015
2015 Year-End Run Rate Targets
Financial targets raised in light of M&A announcements
An annual revenue run rate of at
least $9.5 billion by December 31, 2015 An annual EBITDA run rate of at least $625 million by December 31, 2015
Expects to exceed 2017 targets two years
ahead of plan
20 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Incentivized XPO Management
Equity ownership aligns management team with shareholders Management and directors own approx. 21% of the company
Common Stock Equivalent Capitalization as of 3/31/15
Common Shares 79.7 million(1)
Preferred Shares 10.5 million
Warrants (Strike Price $7 per share) 10.5 million (8.9
million dilutive)(2) Convertible Senior Notes 4.4 million shares(3) Stock Options and RSUs 2.7 million shares dilutive(4)
Fully Diluted Shares
Outstanding 106.2 million shares
(1) Based on SEC beneficial ownership calculation as of March 31, 2015
(2) Dilutive effect of warrants calculated using treasury method (using XPO closing price of $45.47 on March 31, 2015); total warrant proceeds of $74.0 million
(3) Assumes conversion in full of $72.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.50% convertible senior notes due 2017 outstanding at March 31, 2015 (4) Dilutive effect
of RSUs and stock options outstanding at March 31, 2015, calculated using treasury method (using XPO closing price of $45.47 on March 31, 2015)
21 | XPO
Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Planned Acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle
XPO Will Attain Global Platform for Growth
Top ten worldwide logistics company
863 locations in 27 countries and more than 52,000
employees
Europes largest ground transportation network, including more than €250 million of dedicated carriage
Mix of 7,700 owned trucks, 3,200 trucks contracted through owner-operators and access to an additional 12,000 independent carriers Leading outsourced European e-fulfillment
platform Second largest freight brokerage firm worldwide by net revenue
Information above reflects the pro-forma combination of XPO Logistics and Norbert
Dentressangle Sources: Industry publications and company filings
23 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Strategic Rationale
NDs capabilities closely mirror XPOs North American offering
XPO will gain global scale in three of its core services: contract logistics, freight brokerage and global freight forwarding Companies share an asset-light
model with low capital intensity: net capex of approximately 2.0%2.5% of revenue Combines blue chip customer bases, including many of the world s largest multinational companies Capitalizes on start of eurozone economic rebound and strong US
dollar Significant future acquisition opportunities in highly fragmented eurozone
Creates single source transportation and logistics provider with global footprint
24 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Transaction Overview
Enterprise Value: Approximately €3.24 billion ($3.53 billion)
Purchase
Price
Transaction Multiple: 9.1x consensus 2015E EBITDA of €357 million
NDs founder and his family have irrevocably agreed to sell his 67% ownership of the company to XPO at €217.50 per share all cash, excluding a dividend of
€1.80 per share to be paid separately
XPO will launch an all-cash tender offer for minority shareholders at the same price following
Consideration the receipt of customary regulatory clearance
ND is publicly listed on Euronext
Paris and London (Ticker:GND)
Transaction has been unanimously approved by the boards of XPO and ND
Transaction is not conditioned on financing
Morgan Stanley has provided a financing commitment
for up to $2.6 billion
Financing
XPO has over $1 billion in cash and an
undrawn $415 million ABL revolver
XPO will evaluate an equity capital raise to maintain a prudent capital structure
Subject to regulatory clearances
Closing
XPO intends to delist ND from Euronext upon success of the tender to minority shareholders
Source: Consensus per Thompson
25 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4,
2015
Europes Strongest Full-Service 3PL Platform
2014 pro-forma revenue of approximately €5.1 billion ($5.5 billion)
Logistics
Transportation Global Forwarding
2014 PF Revenue 2014 PF Revenue 2014 PF Revenue €2.6 billion €2.3 billion €0.2 billion
Employees: 27,800 Employees: 13,900 Employees: 650 Sites: 439 Sites: 217 Offices: 54 E-fulfillment, reverse Balanced non-asset and Freight split: logistics, cold chain, asset-based
platform 50% sea / 50% air chemicals handling,
> €1 billion freight value-added warehousing brokerage revenue Facility space: 116 million sf
Europes largest fleet, Revenue split: including > €250 million ~74% EU / ~26% US dedicated carriage
26 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4,
2015
European Leader in E-Commerce
Leading outsourced e-fulfillment provider in Europe
€242 million revenue in
e-commerce logistics in 2014
31% organic growth compared to 2013
Business focused in the UK, Spain and France
Strong growth potential
with approximately 5% market share in estimated €5 billion European e-fulfillment market
Expected to increase at 9% to 10% CAGR over the next several
years Increasingly complex supply chains and customer requirements demand scale, which ND has and few others can match
Serves both B2B and B2C customers
Leading capabilities in high-growth reverse logistics
Source: Company information
27 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Preeminent European Transportation Network
36-year history as global partner to blue chip customers Combines non-asset, asset-light and asset-based operations
Rapid growth in freight brokerage, asset-light palletized service and dedicated carriage Unique service capabilities from lane density covering approximately 90% of the EU s
GDP-producing regions Ground transportation in NDs primary markets of the UK, Spain and France is an estimated €95 billion market
Source: Company
information
28 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Loyal Customer Base Across Attractive Verticals
Highlights Top 10 Customers
Diversified portfolio of blue chip customers Largest client under
4% of revenue 97% customer renewal rate in logistics Customer verticals include retail, food & beverage, manufacturing, chemicals, agriculture, e-commerce and high tech
Recent Wins
Source: Company information
29 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Synergies to Drive Growth
Substantial opportunities to cross-sell services and cross-fertilize best practices between North American and European platforms XPO expects to invest in growing
the European business through
Expansion of e-fulfillment services to build on leadership position
Deployment of proprietary Freight Optimizer platform to grow best-in-class brokerage capabilities
A combined annual technology spend of approximately $225 million, which will be among the highest in the industry Global scale in contract logistics supports operational
excellence
30 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Intense Focus on Operational Execution
Current ND CEO Hervé Montjotin will become CEO of XPO Europe and President of XPO Logistics worldwide Substantially all of the ND executive team will join XPO
NDs headquarters in Lyon, France will become XPOs European headquarters Global career advancement and rotation opportunities make XPO the destination of choice for top
talent Similar entrepreneurial company cultures focused on world-class service Ongoing benefits from sharing of best practices worldwide
Disciplined integration
processes in place
31 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Global Logistics Company Under Single XPO Brand
Pro-Forma XPO ND XPO Combined
Countries 7 24 27 Locations 201 662 863 Employees 10,000 42,350
52,350 Customers 15,000 20,000 > 30,000 Logistics Facilities (sf) 13 million 116 million 129 million
Major leap forward, but XPO still in early
innings of long-term growth plan
Source: Company information
32 | XPO
Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Planned Acquisition of Bridge Terminal Transport
Bridge Terminal Transport Services Company Profile
BTT is one of the largest asset-light drayage providers in the United States Network of 1,300 independent owner operators and 28 terminals, primarily on the East Coast
Approximately 250 employees
33-year-old company with loyal blue chip customer
relationships
Approximately 1,800 customers
Top ten customers
have an average tenure of 19 years with BTT
Revenue of $232 million and EBITDA of $12.4 million for the trailing 12 months ended March 31, 2015
34 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Strategic Rationale and Synergies
Acquisition will increase XPOs total capacity under contract to its drayage, last mile and expedite businesses to more than 6,200 independent owner operators
Can take on more freight in tight markets, when drayage capacity is scarce
More
cost effective and more reliable to use contracted owner operators, rather than unaffiliated third-party carriers Strengthens XPOs drayage footprint on the East Coast Well-run operations can be seamlessly integrated into XPOs network
35 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Details of the BTT Transaction
Purchase price is $100 million, excluding any working capital adjustments, with no assumption of debt Represents a consideration of 8.1 times EBITDA of $12.4 million Expected to be
immediately accretive to earnings before the benefits of cross-selling and other synergies Expected to close in the second quarter of 2015 Will be rebranded and integrated with XPO Logistics
Closing is subject to customary conditions, including antitrust clearance
36 | XPO Investor
Presentation May 4, 2015
Clear Path for Significant Value Creation
XPOs growth plan is still in early innings
Significant future growth embedded in
XPOs business model
Leading positions in fastest-growing areas of transportation and logistics Compelling value proposition as a multi-modal, single-source
provider Passionate culture of on-time performance and efficiency Top management talent with requisite skills to execute XPOs growth strategy
As large as we
are, we have captured less than 1% of the opportunity represented by customer spend
For a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss, see Appendix
37 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015
Appendix The following table reconciles XPOs net loss available to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2015, to adjusted EBITDA for the same periods Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures XPO Logistics, Inc. Consolidated Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Loss (In millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 2014 Change % Net loss available to common shareholders $ (15.4) $ (29.1) -47.1% Preferred dividends (0.7) (0.8) -12.5% Net loss (14.7) (28.3) -48.1% Debt commitment fees(1) 4.5 -100.0% Loss on conversion of convertible senior notes(1) 6.5 2.3 182.6% Other interest expense 16.6 3.3 403.0% Income tax benefit (13.6) (3.3) 312.1% Accelerated amortization of trade names 0.5 100.0% Other depreciation & amortization 33.3 11.3 194.7% EBITDA $ 28.6 $ (10.2) -380.4% Transaction & integration costs 0.6 10.8 -94.4% Adjusted EBITDA $ 29.2 $ 0.6 4766.7% (1) Debt commitment fees and loss on conversion of convertible senior notes are recorded in interest expense 38 | XPO Investor Presentation May 4, 2015 |
May 4, 2015
Presentation Script
The following script should be read in conjunction with the accompanying slide presentation, which contains, among other information, source data for certain information set forth in the script.
Thank you for joining us today. Well start with our three most recent announcements: our planned acquisitions of Bridge Terminal Transport and Norbert Dentressangle, as well as our company-wide rebranding. Then well introduce you to XPO and our differentiated supply chain offering. Well explain the strategy that drives our growth. And well give you the highlights of our first quarter 2015 financial results, as well as our new 2015 outlook, which sets significantly higher year-end targets for revenue and EBITDA.
First, our agreement to acquire Bridge Terminal Transport, or BTT. Were acquiring BTT to expand our drayage capacity. BTT is a quality, 33-year-old business that is one of the largest asset-light drayage providers in the United States. Its an extremely well-run operation concentrated on the East Coast, with a network of 28 terminals and about 1,300 independent owner operators. Theyve built up a lot of customer loyalty their top 10 customers have been doing business with BTT for an average of 19 years.
There are three important synergies to the BTT acquisition. There are significant cross-selling opportunities. Theres the ability to say yes to customers more often to take on more intermodal freight when drayage capacity is tight. And its both more cost effective and more reliable for us to use contracted owner operator capacity, rather than utilizing non-contracted third parties.
Were buying BTT for $100 million, which is 8.1 times EBITDA. This will almost triple our drayage capacity to over 2,000 independent owner operators. And it will bring our total network of independent owner operators to more than 6,200, under contract to our intermodal, last mile and expedite businesses. Well integrate BTT with our intermodal business and rebrand the operations as XPO Logistics when we close the transaction, which we expect will be in the second quarter following customary clearances.
Our other acquisition news is truly transformational for XPO. On April 28, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire Norbert Dentressangle, one of the most important transportation and logistics companies in the world. The transaction has an enterprise value of approximately 3.24 billion ($3.53 billion), which equates to a multiple of 9.1 times consensus 2015 EBITDA of 357 million. There are seven compelling reasons why our purchase of Norbert Dentressangle will be a defining moment in our growth:
| First, the acquisition is going to make XPO a truly global provider of supply chain solutions. Well have over 52,000 employees at 863 locations in 27 countries. And well serve more than 30,000 customers. There are only a handful of companies in our industry worldwide who operate at this level, and well to be in the top ten. |
| Second, Norbert Dentressangles service range closely mirrors our own, and our geographies are complementary. We both hold leading positions in contract logistics and freight brokerage in our respective geographies. And we both have well-established global freight forwarding businesses. The combined forwarding businesses will be close to $430 million in revenue, and that volume should allow us to buy transportation more effectively with sea and air carriers. |
| Third, contract logistics is about a $2.8 billion business for Norbert Dentressangle. We already have a highly successful contract logistics business in the United States. Its a business we love for a lot of reasons. There are significant barriers to entry. Its non-commoditized. And it has a high value-add component. In the case of Norbert Dentressangle, they do a lot of specialized logistics services in cold chains and chemicals, for example. Its obvious that theyre doing an excellent job in pleasing these customers, since they have a 97% customer renewal rate. |
| Fourth, within contract logistics, Norbert Dentressangle has a vibrant and growing business in e-commerce fulfillment, including reverse logistics. Their Red Online service is a leader in outsourced e-commerce fulfillment in Europe. Red Online does about a quarter billion dollars of revenue with B2B and B2C customers, inside of a 5 billion market opportunity. They grew this business organically by 31% last year. Were very tuned in to e-commerce logistics in our U.S. operations, and were excited about the growth potential in Europe. |
| Fifth is freight brokerage, which is part of their transportation program. Norbert Dentressangle has a non-asset freight brokerage business with annual revenue of over 1 billion. We see a significant opportunity to take our best-in-class proprietary Freight Optimizer technology and turbocharge the growth in Europe. The other components of their transportation program are an asset-light palletized service offering, and a capacity mix of owned and dedicated fleet. |
| Sixth, were bullish on this combination because it will be very positive for our customers. Were going to be able to cross-sell globally in both directions. Many of our current customers have a major presence in Europe that well be able to serve with our new platform. Theyve been asking us to do more for them in other parts of the world, and soon well be able to do that. |
| And seventh, the transaction will open all kinds of doors for career advancement and geographic rotation for people within our combined company. Well become even more of a magnet to attract top talent in the industry. Well have many of our European colleagues spending time in the States and vice versa, learning different approaches to the business and sharing best practices. |
In addition, Norbert Dentressangle has superb employees, including a stellar management team. This is a company that has been meticulously built, and it shows in the caliber of their people. Thats very important to us, because were going to be growing shoulder-to-shoulder with our new European colleagues. Were particularly pleased that Hervé Montjotin, the chairman of the executive board and CEO of Norbert Dentressangle, will be joining XPO as CEO of our European operations and president of the parent company.
We also want to share our thinking on Europe, and the timing of this acquisition. We believe that were buying at an opportunistic time, when Europe is starting to grow again. Its been a tough few years for the eurozone, but it seems to be bottoming out and is starting to rebound. Also, the dollar is strong against the euro right now this deal would have cost XPO 20% more a couple of years ago.
Those are both positive aspects to deal, but they arent our reasons for expansion. Europe has twice the population of the United States, and European supply chains need quality companies to help them operate at top efficiency. Norbert Dentressangle does a great job at that. Theyre riding a long-term outsourcing tailwind in Europe thats driving outsourcing growth at 27% or more a year. Were seeing the same thing in the U.S., at around 18%. Even so, the great bulk of transportation and logistics about 70% or so is still handled in-house. So on both sides of the Atlantic, the fundamentals for growth are very evident: low penetration, multiple service offerings, and a shift toward outsourcing as a supply chain strategy.
Now wed like to tell you more about our company, starting with our rebranding under the global name of XPO Logistics. This was an important step for us, because it reflects our ability to serve customers with a complete range of supply chain solutions, and to do it as one cohesive organization. In conjunction with the rebranding, we launched an integrated web presence at www.xpo.com. Our new website serves as the online point of contact for customers, carriers, job seekers and anyone who simply wants to learn more about our company.
Lets step back to the start of XPO.
We took control of the company in September of 2011 with the objective of building a world-class transportation and logistics provider. Today, were one of the largest and fastest-growing logistics companies in North America and soon to be one of the top ten logistics companies in the world. In barely three years, weve grown XPO from 200 employees and less than $180 million in annual revenue, to a multi-billion dollar industry leader with over 10,000 employees.
Our trajectory is being driven by our disciplined execution of our growth strategy. Weve completed 14 acquisitions to date 16 when we close BTT and Norbert Dentressangle. We have 23 cold-start locations operating under experienced leadership: 12 in freight brokerage, 10 in freight forwarding and one in expedite. And most important, weve integrated these operations into a cohesive organization with complementary lines of service and a single-minded focus on helping our customers run their supply chains more efficiently.
Our service range is categorized in two segments: logistics and transportation.
In our logistics segment, were a leading provider of highly engineered, technology-enabled contract logistics for blue chip customers. Contract logistics is a broad term that refers to the outsourcing of warehousing, distribution and other inventory management responsibilities to a third-party provider. It can include storing, distributing and transporting raw materials, finished goods and spare parts, reverse logistics, and value-added services such as supply chain consultation and production flow management.
Contract logistics is a $37 billion market opportunity in North America alone, growing at an estimated rate of two to three times GDP. We operate in the highest echelon of this space customized, high value-added services with low cyclicality and strong contractual revenue renewal rates. Our customers are the preeminent global names in aerospace, manufacturing, retail, life sciences and other industries where outsourcing is taking root.
In our transportation segment, were the largest provider of last mile logistics for heavy goods, the largest manager of expedite shipments, the second largest freight brokerage firm, and the third largest provider of intermodal services, with growing positions in managed transportation,
global forwarding and less-than-truckload brokerage. Were also a leader in cross-border Mexico intermodal, where demand is booming due to the manufacturing trend toward near-shoring.
Mexicos share of global production is rising across a range of industrial goods such as automotive, as well as machinery and consumer goods, including furniture, plastics and packaged commodities. There are a number of factors driving this, including Mexicos competitively priced labor force and greater speed-to-market than overseas locales such as China. In addition, the railroads and the Mexican government have invested heavily in transportation infrastructure. The projected growth in near-shoring should serve XPO well because of our 30-year track record in Mexico. Even at the current level of cross-border activity, its estimated that approximately 2.8 million trucks move across the U.S.-Mexico border each year, so theres a large potential universe for us to convert truck to rail.
Now lets talk about scale and optimization. In our logistics segment, scale is largely a function of square footage. We currently lease over 12 million square feet of high-value-add facilities that house our supply chain solutions for customers. This will increase to more than 129 million square feet when Norbert Dentressangle becomes part of XPO. And we expect to build on this platform, both in the United States and abroad.
In our transportation segment, scale starts with industry fundamentals. The transportation industry in the United States alone is about a trillion dollars annually. Over-the-road trucking is about $350 billion of that spend, with an estimated 15% penetration rate by brokers. This equates to a $50 billion opportunity thats growing at about two to three times GDP. Currently, we have more than 15,000 customers, primarily in manufacturing, industrial, retail, technology, aerospace, commercial, life sciences and governmental accounts yet we serve less than 2% of the addressable market. Europe gives us another underpenetrated arena for brokerage.
One thing thats likely to drive increased penetration in transportation is an outsourcing trend with both shippers and carriers. It makes good economic sense for carriers to find loads through brokers instead of carrying the costs of an internal sales team. And shippers including those with direct carrier relationships are increasingly seeing the advantages of 3PL relationships that solve more than just one or two of their transportation needs. Weve positioned our company to benefit from this long-term trend.
In addition to being large and growing, the transportation industry is highly fragmented. There are more than 10,000 licensed brokers in the U.S., but only about 25 brokerage firms with more than $200 million in revenue. Fragmentation gives us a dual benefit: it supports the acquisition leg of our strategy, and creates a competitive advantage for XPO as the second largest brokerage firm.
Two other fast-growing segments within our transportation segment are intermodal, which we talked about earlier, and last mile logistics. The home delivery of heavy goods is a $13 billion sector of last mile thats growing at five to six times GDP. XPO is the leader in this highly desirable space, where we cater primarily to blue chip retailers.
In addition, last mile is a major beneficiary of the growth in e-commerce, which is expected to continue to show robust expansion for the foreseeable future. Were steadily gaining business in the e-commerce space based on our growing network of independent owner operators. We expect to continue to invest in scaling up our last mile platform to support both retailers and e-commerce companies.
Were working diligently to raise our profile in front of every prospective customer with a supply chain that can utilize our services. Many blue chip companies have supply chains that require both transportation and logistics services we can facilitate the movement of their freight domestically and abroad, and also furnish customized contract logistics solutions.
One of the ways we do this is through cross-selling our services to customers. Our cross-selling efforts are gaining a lot of traction. Because we offer a complete range of solutions, were in a strong position to leverage an important industry trend: many customers, particularly large shippers, want to winnow down their relationships to fewer, larger 3PLs like XPO that have deep capacity across a range of services.
Weve identified the 2,000 largest companies in North America as strategic account targets. The next largest 1,600 companies are our national account targets. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of small and medium-sized customers who can use our services. Our branch network reaches out to them every day.
We see great growth potential in strategic accounts. In 2013, we launched a dedicated team of strategic account managers, each with deep industry experience and a successful track record with large companies. Theyre very attentive to the nuanced needs of large shippers. The team includes a number of high-profile industry veterans, including Greg Ritter, Dennis McCaffrey, Jim Commiskey and Jeff Battle.
Greg was previously president of Knight Brokerage, and before that he was with C.H. Robinson for 22 years. Dennis has 20 years in the industry, and most recently ran the outside sales organization for our expedited transportation group. Jim came to us from Pacer; he has more than 20 years of transportation experience, including management positions with UPS and Menlo Worldwide. And Jeff is one of the key executives who led the growth of Turbo Logistics over the last two decades.
Our strategic accounts group is getting a good reception from large prospects. Some of this is because XPOs profile is much higher now than it was a year or two ago. Weve also shown a strong commitment to growing our capacity, which is important to shippers given the driver shortage. Our drayage, expedited and last mile subsidiaries have more than 4,900 owner-operator trucks under contract. BTT will increase that number to about 6,200. And our capacity procurement hubs in Charlotte, Chicago and Atlanta manage relationships with an additional 32,000 carriers, representing capacity of approximately 700,000 trucks on the road.
Our penetration opportunity is huge, and its three-fold. First, we can expand many of our existing customer relationships to multiples of their current size by earning a greater share of spend. In a short time, were already generating revenue from multiple lines of business with about two-thirds of our top 50 customers. Second, we can capitalize on our higher profile and broad resources to gain new business. And third, we can leverage our leading positions in fast-growing areas of logistics to capture share as our end-markets expand.
Beyond strategic accounts, were focused on leveraging our broader multi-modal offering with customers of all sizes, both new business and existing accounts. Were doing this in a disciplined and organized manner all of our salespeople are on salesforce.com, and weve assigned a single point of contact for each customer. We have a compelling value proposition: we offer integrated, end-to-end logistics solutions for any shipper, of any size, with any combination of transportation needs.
Less-than-truckload is another revenue stream thats on our doorstep. LTL is a $32 billion industry sector. Currently, less than $25 million of our companys annual revenue comes from LTL yet almost all of our full truckload customers ship LTL freight. A 2013 acquisition brought us deep LTL expertise, as well as an LTL technology platform that weve rolled out in all of our sales offices. Were excited about the magnitude of the LTL opportunity.
Our experience tells us that the common denominator across all these areas of transportation and logistics is that customers want results. Our companys roots are in expedited transportation, which requires picking up and delivering freight very quickly, with a goal of zero service failures. Our expedite business dates back more than 20 years so a do-or-die mindset of meeting customer needs is embedded in our DNA.
Anything less than stellar service is not an option for us. Customers want on-time pickup and delivery. They want their goods to arrive safely. If a problem does occur, they want to know about it right away and they want to see a solution. If you walk into one of our branch offices, youll see that our people are trained to be professional, efficient and on top of things.
To maintain a high level of responsiveness, weve instilled a performance-driven culture focused on delivering world-class service to customers. Our sales and operations people know how to deal with customers on a professional basis. They understand our goal of zero service failures. We see an opportunity to differentiate XPO on the basis of phenomenal customer service in each of our lines of business.
One of the ways we empower our employees to deliver world-class service is through our information technology. We place massive importance on innovation, because we believe that technology is the ultimate differentiator in our industry. We have an IT team of over 600 talented professionals that focuses solely on driving innovation and the effectiveness of our systems. We design our systems to make sure they can accommodate huge scale and complex automation. They create the discipline that helps us manage rapid growth.
Here are some examples of our intense focus on innovation. Our contract logistics business uses proprietary technology to serve large customers with complex supply chain requirements. This software is used for omni-channel distribution, reverse logistics, lean manufacturing support, aftermarket support, supply chain optimization and transportation management.
In our freight brokerage business, weve developed a proprietary software platform that provides actionable pricing information as well as timely access to carrier capacity. And in our last mile business, we hold the patents on industry-leading software for real-time workflow visibility and customer experience management. This gives us a strong competitive advantage in the last mile space, in that it documents our ability to deliver superior end-customer satisfaction ratings. It also allows us to move quickly to address any sub-par carrier performance.
We see the ongoing development of our technology platforms as being critical to our ability to continually improve customer service and leverage our scale. We currently have more than 200 projects under development and a 2015 IT budget of $125 million. We expect this budget to increase to $225 upon completion of the Norbert Dentressangle transaction.
That sums up our growth strategy. Now it comes down to operational excellence and management. So lets spend a few minutes on our senior management team.
Our CEO, Brad Jacobs, started four highly successful companies from scratch prior to XPO Logistics, and built each of those companies into a billion or multi-billion dollar enterprise. Brad and the management teams he led created dramatic shareholder value. In the process, they completed nearly 500 acquisitions and opened approximately 250 cold-starts.
The two most recent companies Brad led were United Waste Systems, which he built into the fifth largest solid waste management company in North America, and United Rentals, which he grew to be the largest construction equipment rental company in the world. From 1992, when Brad took United Waste public, to 1997, when he sold it for $2.5 billion to Waste Management, the earnings compounded at about 55% CAGR and the stock price outperformed the S&P 500 by 5.6 times. At United Rentals, over the 10 years he led the company, United Rentals stock outperformed the Index by 2.2 times.
Brad spent the better part of his first year with XPO assembling a team whose collective skill set is the perfect fit for our companys ambitious growth strategy. For a competitor to successfully copy our business plan, it would need the deep bench of talent that we have not just at the senior executive level, but in every key position. Here are just a few examples of our talent:
Troy Cooper is our chief operating officer. Troys been instrumental in helping our company realize its growth strategy from the earliest days of XPO Logistics, with senior positions in operations and finance. Prior to XPO, as a vice president for United Rentals, Inc. under CEO Brad Jacobs, he helped to integrate over 200 acquisitions in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For United Waste Systems, Inc., he worked with Brad to build an integrated organization of 86 collection companies and 119 facilities in 25 states. Earlier, Troy was with OSI Specialties, Inc. (formerly a division of Union Carbide, Inc.).
John Hardig, our chief financial officer, has been a significant presence in the transportation industry for nearly two decades. Before joining XPO, John was a managing director in the Transportation & Logistics group at Stifel Nicolaus Weisel, and an investment banker in the Transportation and Telecom groups at Alex. Brown and Sons. Over the course of his career, he has completed over 60 M&A transactions and his teams have raised billions of dollars of capital for many of the industrys leading logistics companies, including IPOs for C.H. Robinson and Hub Group, and follow-ons for Forward Air, Inc., Heartland Express, Inc. and Knight Transportation, Inc.
Scott Malat is our chief strategy officer. Scotts responsible for our companys strategy and capital structure, analyzing potential acquisition opportunities, and managing our technology organization. Prior to joining XPO, he was the senior transportation analyst covering air, rail, trucking and shipping at Goldman Sachs. Earlier he was an analyst with UBS, and served as an internal strategy manager with JPMorgan Chase, where he worked with several of the banks business units. As a global advisor for The Sharma Group, he focused on M&A opportunities.
Gordon Devens is XPOs general counsel, responsible for executing our acquisition strategy as well as all corporate legal matters, governance and compliance, and legal interests relating to the companys growth initiatives. Gordon is more than just a talented corporate lawyer. After working at Skadden, Arps, he spent 15 years with AutoNation, where he was associate general counsel, and later led AutoNations deal team. Gordon has completed over 250 M&A transactions during his career, and he brings that experience to XPOs growth strategy.
Mario Harik is our chief information officer. He was previously the CIO at Oakleaf Waste Management, a logistics provider that was sold in 2011. Mario has been tapped over the years by Fortune 100 companies for his expertise in building comprehensive IT organizations and proprietary platforms, similar to what were doing here at XPO. Hes put together a superstar team that is using technology in innovative ways that tie directly to customer service. Theyve accomplished a huge amount in a short period of time.
Dave Rowe is our chief technology officer. Dave is responsible for infrastructure services, operating platforms and integration of XPOs acquisitions. He has 23 years of senior technology experience, including positions as chief technology officer for Echo Global Logistics and chief information officer for Equis/United Group Limited (now UGL Limited), in charge of North American systems. For Echo, Dave led the design and development of Echos information systems for customer and carrier services, and integrated 11 acquisitions.
Taken in its entirety, our organization is unique in the industry because it includes top talent from virtually every other major 3PL in North America. Not only do we have deep bench strength, we have a rich diversity of industry experience.
Moving on to our first quarter 2015 financial results: we reported $703 million of revenue for the quarter, which was an increase of 149% year-over-year, and $29.2 million of adjusted EBITDA. We generated organic revenue growth company-wide of 10%, or 18% excluding the impact of lower fuel costs.
One of the biggest takeaways from our first quarter performance is that it reflects the resilience of our diversified service offering. We generated strong results in our last mile and expedite businesses, and in our logistics business we had better-than-expected levels of activity from our aerospace and telecom customers. These gains were offset by a weak spot market for freight brokerage, and by the disruption of our intermodal business from the West Coast port slowdowns.
In light of our M&A announcements, we raised our year-end targets to:
| An annual revenue run rate of at least $9.5 billion by December 31, 2015; and |
| An annual EBITDA run rate of at least $625 million by December 31, 2015. |
Finally, its worth noting that XPO management owns approximately 21% of the companys fully diluted shares, based on SEC beneficial ownership rules. Our interests are entirely aligned with our public shareholders to create substantial long-term value.
So to sum it up: Weve built a complete range of supply chain services anchored by a leadership position in highly-engineered contract logistics. Weve established leading positions in some of the fastest-growing areas of transportation truck brokerage, intermodal, last mile and expedite and were capitalizing on major trends in our operating environments. Were getting bigger, faster and more efficient in the way we run our operations. We see significant growth ahead in intermodal across North America, including cross-border Mexico. Were building on our industry-leading position in expedite with our integrated ground, air and managed transportation offering. Were expanding our last mile presence in exactly the right way to capture the burgeoning demand from e-commerce growth. And our intense commitment to world-class service is now reflected in the single brand of XPO Logistics across our complete range of supply chain solutions.
Our upcoming acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle will be a defining moment in our growth but nevertheless, its just a midterm step in our trajectory. Were still in the early innings of our plan, with a clear line of sight to further growth. Were excited about the future for our company and our customers!
Thank you for your interest.
Forward-Looking Statements
This document includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including our year-end 2015 financial targets, the expected closing dates for the acquisitions by XPO Logistics of Norbert Dentressangle SA and Bridge Terminal Transport Services, Inc., the expected impact of the transactions and the related financing, including the expected impact on XPO Logistics results of operations and EBITDA, the retention of the management teams of Norbert Dentressangle and BTT, the expected ability to integrate operations and technology platforms and to cross-sell services, and the expected ability to retain acquired companies businesses and to grow XPOs and the acquired companies businesses. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as anticipate, estimate, believe, continue, could, intend, may, plan, potential, predict, should, will, expect, objective, projection, forecast, goal, guidance, outlook, effort, target or the negative of these terms or other comparable terms. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances.
These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to a material difference include those discussed in XPOs filings with the SEC and the following: economic conditions generally; competition; XPOs ability to find suitable acquisition candidates and execute its acquisition strategy; the expected impact of the Norbert Dentressangle and BTT acquisitions, including the expected impact on XPOs results of operations; the ability to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals and, in the case of the BTT acquisition, to satisfy other closing conditions; XPOs ability to successfully complete the contemplated tender offer and the squeeze out of Norbert Dentressangles publicly held shares; the ability to successfully integrate and realize anticipated synergies and cost savings with respect to Norbert Dentressangle, BTT and other acquired companies; XPOs ability to raise debt and equity capital; XPOs ability to attract and retain key employees to execute its growth strategy, including retention of Norbert Dentressangles and BTTs management teams; litigation, including litigation related to alleged misclassification of independent contractors; the ability to develop and implement a suitable information technology system; the ability to maintain positive relationships with XPOs, Norbert Dentressangles and BTTs networks of third-party transportation providers; the ability to retain XPOs, Norbert Dentressangles, BTTs and other acquired companies largest customers; rail and other network changes; weather and other service disruptions; and governmental regulation. All forward-looking statements set forth in this document are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, XPO or its businesses or operations. Forward-looking statements set forth in this document speak only as of the date hereof, and XPO undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events except to the extent required by law.
Information concerning Norbert Dentressangle contained in this document has been sourced from publicly available information. The public tender offer that will be filed by XPO on Norbert Dentressangle shares will be described in an information memorandum, which will be subject to the review and approval of the French Autorité des marchés financiers.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This presentation contains certain non-GAAP financial measures as defined under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules, such as adjusted earnings (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBITDA) for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. As required by SEC rules, we provide a reconciliation of this measure to the most directly comparable measure under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which are set forth in this presentation. We believe that adjusted EBITDA improves comparability from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (interest expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization) and tax consequences, in addition to certain nonrecurring expense items, such as costs related to the conversion of the companys convertible senior notes; acquisition-related transaction and integration costs; and accelerated amortization of trade names related to the rebranding to XPO Logistics. In addition to its use by management, we believe that adjusted EBITDA is a measure widely used by securities analysts, investors and others to evaluate the financial performance of companies in our industry. Other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently, and therefore our measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income, cash flows from operating activities and other measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant and necessary components of the operations of our business, and, therefore, adjusted EBITDA should only be used as a supplemental measure of our operating performance.