UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 20-F
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-24790
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TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter and translation
of registrant's name into English)
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ISRAEL
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
RAMAT GAVRIEL INDUSTRIAL PARK
P.O. BOX 619, MIGDAL HAEMEK, ISRAEL 23105
(Address of principal executive offices)
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SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH REGISTERED
Ordinary Shares, par value New Israeli NASDAQ Global Market
Shekels 1.00 per share
Convertible Debentures NASDAQ Capital Market
SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: None
SECURITIES FOR WHICH THERE IS A REPORTING OBLIGATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 15(D) OF THE ACT: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes
of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report: 100,752,767 Ordinary Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer,
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [_] No [X]
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if
the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes [_] No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,
an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [_] Accelerated filer [_] Non-accelerated filer [X]
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow.
Item 17 [_] Item 18 [X]
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [_] No [X]
This annual report on Form 20-F includes certain "forward-looking"
statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. The use of the words "projects," "expects," "may," "plans" or "intends,"
or words of similar import, identifies a statement as "forward-looking". There
can be no assurance, however, that actual results will not differ materially
from our expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to
differ from our expectations or projections include the risks and uncertainties
relating to our business described in this annual report at "Item 3. Key
Information--Risk Factors".
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We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in United States
dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
Israel ("Israeli GAAP"). Israeli GAAP varies in certain significant respects
from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
("US GAAP"). The effect of the application of the latter on the financial
position and results of operations as of the dates and for the years presented
herein is summarized in Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements
included herein. All references herein to "dollars" or "$" are to United States
dollars, and all references to "Shekels" or "NIS" are to New Israeli Shekels.
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Manufacturing or production capacity refers to installed equipment capacity
in our facilities and is a function of the process technology and product mix
being manufactured because certain processes require more processing steps than
others. All information herein with respect to the wafer capacity of our
manufacturing facilities is based upon our estimate of the effectiveness of the
manufacturing equipment and processes in use or expected to be in use during a
period and the actual or expected process technology mix for such period. Unless
otherwise specifically stated, all references herein to "wafers" in the context
of capacity in Fab 1 are to 150-mm wafers and in Fab 2 are to 200-mm wafers.
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MICROFLASH(R) is a registered trademark of Tower and N-ROM(TM) is a
trademark of Saifun Semiconductor Ltd.
(i)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I 1
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS 1
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 1
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION 1
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 19
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 33
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 33
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 53
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 63
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 65
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING 65
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 66
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 75
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 78
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 79
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 79
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 79
ITEM 16. [RESERVED] 79
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 79
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS 79
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 80
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 80
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS 80
PART III 80
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 80
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 80
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS 81
(ii)
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
This section presents our selected historical financial data. You should
carefully read the financial statements included in this annual report,
including the notes to the financial statements. The selected data in this
section is not intended to replace the financial statements.
We derived the selected statement of operations data and other financial
data for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, and selected balance
sheet data as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 from the audited financial
statements in this annual report. Those financial statements were prepared in
accordance with Israeli GAAP and audited by Brightman Almagor & Co., a member
firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, independent registered public accounting firm.
We derived the selected statement of operations data and other financial data
for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the selected balance sheet
data as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 from our audited financial
statements that are not included in this annual report, which were prepared in
accordance with Israeli GAAP. The differences between statements of operations
and balance sheet data in accordance with US GAAP and the respective data in
accordance with Israeli GAAP are presented below. See also note 19 to our
audited financial statements in this annual report. Our management believes that
the financial statements contain all adjustments needed to present fairly the
information included therein.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
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2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
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(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA IN
ACCORDANCE WITH ISRAELI GAAP:
Revenues $ 187,438 $ 101,991 $ 126,055 $ 61,368 $ 51,801
Cost of Sales 267,390 238,358 228,410 122,395 67,022
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Gross loss (79,952) (136,367) (102,355) (61,027) (15,221)
Research and development 14,984 16,029 17,053 20,709 17,031
Marketing, general and administrative 24,512 17,418 21,297 22,615 17,091
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Operating loss (119,448) (169,814) (140,705) (104,351) (49,343)
Financing expense, net (48,148) (35,651) (29,745) (9,826) (2,104)
Gain on debt restructuring 80,071 -- -- -- --
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Other income (expense), net 597 2,383 32,682 (84) 45
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Loss for the year $ (86,928) $(203,082) $(137,768) $(114,261) $ (51,402)
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Basic loss per ordinary share $ (1.05) $ (3.06) $ (2.13) $ (2.45) $ (1.63)
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
OTHER FINANCIAL DATA:
Depreciation and amortization $ 154,794 $ 144,852 $ 121,067 $ 54,611 $ 18,821
- 2 -
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
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2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
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(IN THOUSANDS)
SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA IN
ACCORDANCE WITH ISRAELI GAAP:
Cash and cash equivalents, including short-term
interest-bearing deposits and designated cash $ 40,940 $ 38,998 $ 81,457 $ 56,490 $ 69,695
Working capital 36,581 (6,028) 63,591 50,492 21,927
Total assets 699,718 678,686 847,508 788,335 716,261
Current maturities of long-term debt and other
short-term debt -- 21,103 -- -- 4,000
Current maturities of convertible debentures 6,632 6,453 -- -- --
Long-term debt from banks 356,947 497,000 497,000 431,000 253,000
Convertible debentures 62,175 44,851 26,651 25,783 24,121
Long-term liabilities in respect of customers' advances 46,042 59,621 64,428 46,347 47,246
Shareholders' equity (deficit) 132,990 (30,067) 167,980 229,457 298,334
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
(*) 82,581 66,371 64,717 46,710 31,523
Number of shares issued and outstanding (*) 100,752 66,932 65,700 51,696 43,436
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(*) Net of 1,300,000 treasury shares.
- 3 -
AS OF DECEMBER 31
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2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
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(IN THOUSANDS)
RECONCILIATION TO US GAAP:
TOTAL ASSETS
According to Israel GAAP $ 699,718 $ 678,686 $ 847,508 $ 788,335 $ 716,261
The effect of:
Presentation of long-term liabilities in respect of
employees 13,535 13,658 16,350 14,607 12,368
Hedging activities (203) (1,524) (4,619) (5,947) (5,727)
Sale of convertible debentures 1,082 (196) (196) (196) (196)
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According to US GAAP 714,132 $ 690,624 $ 859,043 $ 796,799 $ 722,706
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
According to Israel GAAP $ 132,990 $ (30,067) $ 167,980 $ 229,457 $ 298,334
The effect of:
Hedging activities (203) (1,524) (7,025) (15,867) (17,807)
Facility Agreement (75,483) -- -- -- --
Proceeds on account of share capital -- -- -- (16,428) --
Issuance of warrants 3,088 -- -- -- --
Sale of convertible debentures (20,876) 2,363 2,363 2,363 2,363
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
According to US GAAP $ 39,516 $ (29,228) $ 163,318 $ 199,525 $ 282,890
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
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RISK FACTORS
This annual report and statements that we may make from time to time may
contain forward-looking information. There can be no assurance that actual
results will not differ materially from our expectations, statements or
projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from our
expectations, statements or projections include the risks and uncertainties
relating to our business described below.
RISKS AFFECTING OUR BUSINESS
IF WE DO NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT FUNDS TO FULLY EQUIP FAB 2 AND/OR IF WE DO NOT
COMPLETE THE EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND RAMP-UP OF
PRODUCTION IN FAB 2, OUR BUSINESS WILL BE MATERIALLY ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
Fab 2 production capacity as of May 31, 2007 was approximately 21,000
wafers per month. In March 2006, our board of directors approved a plan to
ramp-up Fab 2 production capacity to approximately 24,000 wafers per month which
we are currently implementing. Depending on the process technology and product
mix, when fully ramped-up, we estimate that Fab 2 will be able to achieve
capacity levels of approximately 40,000 wafers per month. Our determination as
to the timing of the implementation of the ramp-up of Fab 2 and the increase in
Fab 2's production levels above 24,000 wafers per month is dependent on
prevailing and forecasted market conditions and our ability to fund these
increases. We have not commenced, and there can be no assurance when or if we
will commence, the acquisition, installation, equipping and financing necessary
in order for production at our Fab 2 facility to exceed 24,000 wafers per month.
The ramp-up of Fab 2 is a substantial and complex project. If we cannot fund the
ramp-up of Fab 2 or otherwise successfully complete the ramp-up of Fab 2, we may
be unable to meet our customers' production demands and as a result we may lose
customers and may not attract new ones. In addition, if we do not execute the
acquisition, installation and equipping necessary in order for production at our
Fab 2 facility to exceed 24,000 wafers per month or otherwise cannot
successfully complete the ramp-up of Fab 2, we will not fully utilize the
substantial investment made in constructing Fab 2, which will adversely affect
our financial results. In order to fully ramp-up Fab 2 from approximately 24,000
wafers per month, we currently estimate we would need to raise approximately up
to $120 million, including the approximately $40 million raised in our June 2007
private placement (see Item 4 -"Recent Developments"). We will also need to
continue to develop new process technologies in order to suit our customers'
needs. In addition, we have and may in the future experience difficulties that
are customary in the installation, functionality and operation of equipment
during manufacturing. Failures or delays in obtaining and installing the
necessary equipment, technology and other resources may delay the completion of
the ramp-up of Fab 2 and add to its cost, which would have a material adverse
effect on our business and results of operations.
- 5 -
IF THE INVESTMENT CENTER WILL NOT APPROVE OUR REQUEST FOR A NEW EXPANSION
PROGRAM, WE WOULD BE REQUIRED TO SEEK ALTERNATIVE FINANCING SOURCES TO COMPLETE
THE RAMP-UP OF FAB 2, WHICH MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE. OUR NOT COMPLETING INVESTMENTS
IN THE AMOUNT OF $1.25 BILLION BY THE END OF 2005 MAY RESULT IN THE INVESTMENT
CENTER REQUIRING US TO REPAY ALL OR A PORTION OF THE GRANTS ALREADY RECEIVED,
AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO REFUND SUCH GRANTS, WE MAY HAVE TO CEASE OUR OPERATIONS.
In connection with Fab 2, we received approval for grants and tax benefits
from the Investment Center of the Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor
(Investment Center) under its Approved Enterprise Program. Under the terms of
the approval, we were eligible to receive grants of 20% of up to $1.25 billion
invested in Fab 2 plant and equipment, or an aggregate of up to $250 million. As
of May 31, 2007, we received a cumulative amount of approximately $165 million
in grants from the Investment Center in relation to Fab 2. Our eligibility to
receive grants was with respect to investments in Fab 2 plant and equipment made
by the end of 2005. Any failure by us to meet the conditions of our grants may
result in the cancellation of all or a portion of our grants to be received and
tax benefits and in the Investment Center requiring us to repay all or a portion
of grants already received. We did not complete investments in the amount of
$1.25 billion by the end of 2005, mainly since we reduced our rate of annual
investments as a result of our decision to slow-down the ramp-up of our Fab 2
facility in order to align our capital investments with market conditions in the
semiconductor industry. Israeli law limits the ability of the Investment Center
to extend this time limitation, unless approved through an expansion plan. Under
Israeli law, our not completing investments in an amount of $1.25 billion by the
end of 2005 may permit the Investment Center to require us to repay all or a
portion of grants already received. We have been holding discussions with the
Investment Center to achieve satisfactory arrangements to approve a new
expansion program to commence as of January 1, 2006. During the period from
January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2006, we have invested approximately $150
million in Fab 2 plant and equipment. In 2005, at the Investment Center's
request, we submitted a revised business plan to the Investment Center for the
period commencing January 1, 2006. Currently, we cannot estimate when we will
receive a formal response to our request for a new expansion program to commence
as of January 1, 2006 or if the Investment Center will approve our request. If
the Investment Center will not approve our request for a new expansion program,
we would be required to obtain alternative financing sources to further ramp-up
Fab 2 capacity from approximately 24,000 wafers per month, which may not be
available. While there can be no assurance that we will obtain the Investment
Center's approval for the new expansion program, we believe that it is
improbable that the Investment Center would demand that we repay all or a
portion of grants already received due to our not completing investments in an
amount of $1.25 billion by the end of 2005. If we would have to repay the
Investment Center all or a portion of grants already received, we would need to
seek financing sources to refund the grants we received and if we do not succeed
in finding such financing sources, we may have to cease our operations.
IF OUR FUTURE OPERATIONS DO NOT INCREASE OR IF WE FAIL TO RAISE ADDITIONAL
FUNDING, WE MAY BE UNABLE TO REPAY OUR DEBT ON A TIMELY BASIS.
There is no assurance that our future operations will increase or that we
will succeed in raising additional funding required for the completion of the
ramp up of Fab 2 and the repayment of our short-term and long-term debt, which
consists mainly of bank debt, trade accounts payable and convertible debentures.
As a result, our ramp-up of Fab 2 may be delayed and we may be unable to repay
on time, or repay at all our short-term and long-term debt, which may
significantly harm our financial results or cause us to cease our operations. In
accordance with our amended facility agreement with Bank Hapoalim B.M. and Bank
Leumi Le-Israel B.M., our banks, we are required to repay principal in the
amount of approximately $369 million in 12 quarterly installments between
September 2009 and June 2012. In the event that we will not be in compliance
with the repayment schedule set forth in our amended facility agreement and we
are unsuccessful in negotiating a revised repayment schedule or our banks do not
waive our non-compliance, pursuant to the terms of our amended facility
agreement, our banks may require us to immediately repay all loans made by them
to us, plus penalties, and they would be entitled to exercise the remedies
available to them under our credit amended facility, including enforcement of
their lien against all our assets. This would have a material adverse effect on
our company. In addition, we cannot assure you that in the event we have
liquidity problems we will be successful at negotiating price reductions and
arrangements to slow down or postpone payments to our suppliers and service
providers, or negotiating revised repayment schedules of our other debt,
including our outstanding debentures.
THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND THE RESULTING PERIODIC
OVERCAPACITY HAVE ADVERSELY AFFECTED OUR BUSINESS IN THE PAST, RESULTING IN A
HISTORY OF LOSSES; DOWNWARD PRICE PRESSURE MAY SERIOUSLY HARM OUR BUSINESS.
The semiconductor industry has historically been highly cyclical.
Historically, companies in the semiconductor industry have expanded aggressively
during periods of increased demand. This expansion has frequently resulted in
overcapacity and excess inventories, leading to rapid erosion of average sale
prices. We expect this pattern to repeat itself in the future. The overcapacity
and downward price pressures characteristic of a prolonged downturn in the
semiconductor market may not allow us to operate at a profit, even at full
utilization, and could seriously harm our financial results and business.
- 6 -
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF OPERATING LOSSES AND EXPECT TO OPERATE AT A LOSS FOR THE
FORESEEABLE FUTURE; OUR FACILITIES MUST OPERATE AT HIGH UTILIZATION RATES FOR US
TO REDUCE OUR LOSSES.
We have operated at a loss for the last number of years. Because fixed
costs represent a substantial portion of the operating costs of semiconductor
manufacturing operations, we must operate our facilities at high utilization
rates for us to reduce our losses. We began construction of Fab 2 in 2001 and
Fab 2 operations began in 2003. Our losses since 2003 are due primarily to
significant depreciation and amortization expenses related mainly to Fab 2, as
well as financing and operating expenses that have not yet been offset by a
sufficient increase in the level of our sales. If we do not succeed in operating
our facilities at high utilization rates, we expect to continue to operate at a
loss for the foreseeable future, which may adversely affect our business and
company.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS FLUCTUATE FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT
TO PREDICT OUR FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
Our revenues, expenses and operating results have varied significantly in
the past and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter in the future
due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors
include, among others:
o The cyclical nature of both the semiconductor industry and the markets
served by our customers;
o Changes in the economic conditions of geographical regions where our
customers and their markets are located;
o Shifts by integrated device manufacturers (IDMs) and customers between
internal and outsourced production;
o Inventory and supply chain management of our customers;
o The loss of a key customer, postponement of an order from a key
customer, failure of a key customer to pay accounts receivables in a
timely manner or the financial condition of our customers;
o The occurrence of accounts receivables write-offs;
o The rescheduling or cancellation of large orders or planned capital
expenditures;
o Our ability to satisfy our customers' demand for quality and timely
production;
o The timing and volume of orders relative to our available production
capacity;
o Our ability to obtain raw materials and equipment on a timely and
cost-effective basis;
o Environmental events or industrial accidents such as fires or
explosions;
o Our susceptibility to intellectual property rights disputes;
o Our ability to continue with existing and to enter into new
partnerships and technology and supply alliances on mutually
beneficial terms;
- 7 -
o Actual capital expenditures exceeding planned capital expenditures;
o Interest and currency rate fluctuations that may not be adequately
hedged;
o Technological changes and short product life cycles;
o Timing for designing and the qualification of new products; and
o New accounting rules affecting our results.
Due to the factors noted above and other risks discussed in this section,
many of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on quarter-to-quarter
comparisons to predict our future performance. Unfavorable changes in any of the
above factors may seriously harm our company, including our operating results,
financial condition and ability to maintain our operations.
IF WE WILL NOT SUCCESSFULLY REGISTER THE SECURITIES WE ISSUED IN OUR JUNE 2007
PRIVATE PLACEMENT FOR TRADE ON THE TEL AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE, WE MAY NOT HAVE
ADEQUATE LIQUIDITY TO MEET OUR SHORT-TERM ACTIVITIES AND LIABILITIES, UNLESS WE
RAISE ALTERNATIVE FUNDS.
Under the terms of our June 2007 Private Placement to Israeli investors
(see Item 4. Information on the Company -A. History and Development of the
Company - Recent Developments) we may be required to redeem a portion or all of
the securities if a prospectus allowing the face trade of such securities is not
declared effective within 90 days of the Offering. In such event, we may not
have adequate liquidity to meet our short-term activities and liabilities,
unless we raise alternative funds, which may include grants from the Investment
Center, sales of our equity and/or debt securities, wafer prepayments from our
customers or increased cash flow from operations.
THE LACK OF A SIGNIFICANT BACKLOG RESULTING FROM OUR CUSTOMERS NOT PLACING
PURCHASE ORDERS FAR IN ADVANCE MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR US TO FORECAST OUR
REVENUES IN FUTURE PERIODS.
Our customers generally do not place purchase orders far in advance, partly
due to the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry. As a result, we do not
typically operate with any significant backlog. The lack of a significant
backlog makes it difficult for us to forecast our revenues in future periods.
Moreover, since our expense levels are based in part on our expectations of
future revenues, we may be unable to adjust costs in a timely manner to
compensate for revenue shortfalls. We expect that in the future our revenues in
any quarter will continue to be substantially dependent upon purchase orders
received in that quarter and in the immediately preceding quarter. We cannot
assure you that any of our customers will continue to place orders with us in
the future at the same levels as in prior periods. If orders received from our
customers differ from our expectations with respect to the product, volume,
price or other items, our operating results, financial condition and ability to
maintain our operations may be adversely affected.
OUR SALES CYCLES MAY BE LONG AND, AS A RESULT, ORDERS RECEIVED MAY NOT MEET OUR
EXPECTATIONS THAT MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Our sales cycles, which measure the time between our first contact with a
customer and the first shipment of product orders to the customer, vary
substantially and may last as long as two years or more, particularly for new
technologies. In addition, even after we make initial shipments of prototype
products, it may take several more months to reach full production of the
product. As a result of these long sales cycles, we may be required to invest
substantial time and incur significant expenses in advance of the receipt of any
product order and related revenue. If orders ultimately received differ from our
expectations with respect to the product, volume, price or other items, our
operating results, financial condition and ability to maintain our operations
may be adversely affected.
- 8 -
DEMAND FOR OUR FOUNDRY SERVICES IS DEPENDENT ON THE DEMAND IN OUR CUSTOMERS' END
MARKETS.
We are ramping-up Fab 2 based on our expectations of customer demand and
our financial resources. In order for demand for our wafer fabrication services
to increase, the markets for the end products using these services must develop
and expand. For example, the success of our imaging process technologies will
depend, in part, on the growth of markets for certain image sensor product
applications. Because our services may be used in many new applications, it is
difficult to forecast demand. If demand is lower than expected, we may have
excess capacity, which may adversely affect our financial results. If demand is
higher than expected, we may be unable to fill all of the orders we receive,
which may result in the loss of customers and revenue.
IF WE DO NOT MAINTAIN OUR CURRENT CUSTOMERS AND ATTRACT ADDITIONAL CUSTOMERS,
OUR BUSINESS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 61% of our
business was generated by five significant customers that contributed 33%, 11%,
7%, 5% and 5% of our revenue, respectively. We expect to continue to receive a
significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers for the
foreseeable future. Loss or cancellation of business from, or decreases in, the
sales volume or sales prices to our significant customers, could seriously harm
our financial results, revenue and business. Since the sales cycle for our
services typically exceeds one year, if our customers order significantly fewer
wafers than forecasted, we will have excess capacity that we may not be able to
sell in a short period of time, resulting in lower utilization of our
facilities. We may have to reduce prices in order to try to sell the excess
capacity. In addition to the revenue loss that could result from unused capacity
or lower sales prices, we might have difficulty adjusting our costs to reflect
the lower revenue in a timely manner, which could harm our financial results.
WE DEPEND ON A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF PRODUCTS FOR A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF
OUR REVENUES.
From time to time, a significant portion of our revenue is generated from a
small number of very high volume products that are shipped to volatile
consumer-oriented markets. The volume of orders of such products may adversely
change or demand for such products may be abruptly discontinued. We expect that
for the foreseeable future we will continue to be dependent upon a relatively
limited number of products for a significant portion of our revenue due to the
nature of our business. We cannot assure you that revenue generated from these
products, individually or in the aggregate, will reach or exceed historical
levels in any future period. A decrease in the price of, or demand for, any of
these products could negatively impact our financial results.
IF WE DO NOT RECEIVE ORDERS FROM OUR WAFER PARTNERS, WE MAY HAVE EXCESS
CAPACITY.
We have committed a portion of our Fab 2 capacity for future orders. During
the ramp-up of Fab 2, our capacity commitments to our wafer partners, which are
SanDisk Corporation, Alliance Semiconductor Corporation, Macronix International
Co. Ltd. and Quicklogic Corporation, are limited to approximately 50% of our Fab
2 capacity. Furthermore, we have committed to reserve for SanDisk volume
quantities of 0.13 micron wafers during 2007 and 2008 and have granted SanDisk a
right of first refusal on a portion of our expected 0.13 micron manufacturing
capacity in 2009. Parties to whom we have committed capacity are generally not
obligated to utilize or pay for all or any portion of their allocated capacity,
and generally provide and confirm their orders to us less than one month before
the production start date. If these parties do not place orders with us, and if
we are unable to fill such unutilized capacity, our financial results may be
adversely affected.
- 9 -
IF WE DO NOT MAINTAIN AND DEVELOP OUR TECHNOLOGY PROCESSES AND SERVICES, WE WILL
LOSE CUSTOMERS AND MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ATTRACT NEW ONES.
The semiconductor market is characterized by rapid change, including the
following:
o rapid technological developments;
o evolving industry standards;
o changes in customer and product end user requirements;
o frequent new product introductions and enhancements; and
o short product life cycles with declining prices as products mature.
In order to maintain our current customer base and attract new customers,
we must continue to advance our manufacturing process technologies. We are
developing and introducing to production specialized process technologies. Our
ability to achieve and maintain profitable operations depends on the successful
development and introduction to production of these processes, which we may not
achieve in a timely manner or at all.
IF WE DO NOT COMPETE EFFECTIVELY, WE WILL LOSE BUSINESS TO OUR COMPETITORS.
The semiconductor foundry industry is highly competitive. We compete with
more than ten independent dedicated foundries, the majority of which are located
in Asia-Pacific, including foundries based in Taiwan, China, Korea and Malaysia,
and with over 20 integrated semiconductor and end-product manufacturers that
allocate a portion of their manufacturing capacity to foundry operations. The
foundries with which we compete benefit from their close proximity to other
companies involved in the design and manufacture of integrated circuits, or ICs.
If we do not compete effectively, our business and results of operations may be
adversely affected. Many of our competitors may have one or more of the
following competitive advantages over us:
o greater manufacturing capacity;
o multiple and more advanced manufacturing facilities;
o more advanced technological capabilities;
o a more diverse and established customer base;
o greater financial, marketing, distribution and other resources;
o a better cost structure; and/or
o better operational performance in cycle time and yields.
WE HAVE A LARGE AMOUNT OF DEBT WHICH COULD HAVE SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES.
We have a large amount of long-term debt, which could have significant
negative consequences. As of May 31, 3007, we had approximately $369 million of
bank debt and approximately $95 million of convertible debt. Our current and
future indebtedness could have significant negative consequences, including:
o requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our expected cash
flow from operations to service our indebtedness;
- 10 -
o increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry
conditions;
o limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
o limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in
our business and the industry in which we compete;
o placing us at a competitive disadvantage to less leveraged competitors
and competitors that have better access to capital resources; and/or
o affecting our ability to make interest payments and other required
debt service on our indebtedness.
IF WE FAIL TO SATISFY THE COVENANTS SET FORTH IN OUR AMENDED CREDIT FACILITY,
OUR BANKS WILL BE ABLE TO CALL OUR LOANS.
Our credit facility, under which we are required to repay principal in the
amount of approximately $369 million, requires that we comply with certain
financial ratios and covenants. Should we fail to comply with our revised ratios
and covenants, and our banks do not waive our non-compliance, pursuant to the
terms of the credit facility agreement, our banks may require us to immediately
repay all loans made by them to us, plus penalties, and they would be entitled
to exercise the remedies available to them under the credit facility, including
enforcement of their lien against all our assets. This would have a material
adverse effect on our company.
ISRAELI BANKING LAWS MAY IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TOTAL DEBT THAT WE MAY
BORROW FROM OUR BANKS.
Pursuant to a directive published by the Israel Supervisor of Banks,
effective March 31, 2004, we may be deemed part of a group of borrowers
comprised of the Ofer Brothers Group, Israel Corp., and other companies which
are also included in such group of borrowers pursuant to the directive,
including companies under the control or deemed control of these entities. The
directive imposes limitations on amounts that banks may lend to borrowers or
groups of borrowers. Should our banks exceed these limitations, they may limit
our ability to borrow other money in the future and may require us to return
some or all of our outstanding borrowings (which were approximately $369
million), which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
IF WE EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY IN ACHIEVING ACCEPTABLE DEVICE YIELDS, PRODUCT
PERFORMANCE AND DELIVERY TIMES AS A RESULT OF MANUFACTURING PROBLEMS, OUR
BUSINESS WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
The process technology for the manufacture of semiconductor wafers is
highly complex, requires advanced and costly equipment and is constantly being
modified in an effort to improve device yields, product performance and delivery
times. Microscopic impurities such as dust and other contaminants, difficulties
in the production process, defects in the key materials and tools used to
manufacture a wafer and other factors can cause wafers to be rejected or
individual semiconductors on specific wafers to be non-functional. We have from
time to time experienced production difficulties that have caused delivery
delays or returns and lower than expected device yields. We may also experience
difficulty achieving acceptable device yields, product performance and product
delivery times in the future as a result of manufacturing problems. Any of these
problems could seriously harm our operating results, financial condition and
ability to maintain our operations.
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IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PURCHASE EQUIPMENT AND RAW MATERIALS, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO
MANUFACTURE OUR PRODUCTS IN A TIMELY FASHION, WHICH MAY RESULT IN A LOSS OF
EXISTING AND POTENTIAL NEW CUSTOMERS.
To complete the ramp-up of our Fab 2 facility and to maintain the quality
of production in our facilities, we must procure new equipment. In periods of
high market demand, the lead times from order to delivery of manufacturing
equipment could be as long as 12 to 18 months. In addition, our manufacturing
processes use many raw materials, including silicon wafers, chemicals, gases and
various metals, and require large amounts of fresh water and electricity.
Manufacturing equipment and raw materials generally are available from several
suppliers. In many instances, however, we purchase equipment and raw materials
from a single source. Shortages in supplies of manufacturing equipment and raw
materials could occur due to an interruption of supply or increased industry
demand. Any such shortages could result in production delays that could have a
material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
OUR EXPOSURE TO INFLATION AND CURRENCY EXCHANGE AND INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS
MAY INCREASE OUR COST OF OPERATIONS.
Almost all of our cash generated from operations and our financing and
investing activities is denominated in US dollars and New Israeli Shekels, or
NIS. Our expenses and costs are denominated in NIS, US dollars, Japanese Yen and
Euros. We are, therefore, exposed to the risk of currency exchange rate
fluctuations.
The dollar amount of our operations, which is denominated in NIS, is
influenced by the timing of any change in the rate of inflation in Israel and
the extent to which such change is not offset by the change in valuation of the
NIS in relation to the US dollar. Outstanding principal and interest on some of
our debentures is linked to the Israeli consumer price index (CPI) and
therefore, our dollar costs will increase if inflation in Israel exceeds the
devaluation of the NIS against the US dollar, or if the timing of such
devaluation lags behind inflation in Israel. In addition, the devaluation of the
US dollar against the NIS raises our US dollar costs of operation, which is
denominated in NIS.
Our borrowings under our Fab 2 credit facility provide for interest based
on a floating LIBOR rate, thereby exposing us to interest rate fluctuations.
Furthermore, if our banks incur increased costs in financing our Fab 2 credit
facility due to changes in law or the unavailability of foreign currency, our
banks may exercise their right to increase the interest rate on our Fab 2 credit
facility as provided for in the credit facility agreement.
We regularly engage in various hedging strategies to reduce our exposure to
some, but not all, of these risks and intend to continue to do so in the future.
However, despite any such hedging activity, we are likely to remain exposed to
interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations and inflation, which may increase
the cost of our operating and financing activities.
WE DEPEND ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES AND FAILURE TO
MAINTAIN OR ACQUIRE LICENSES COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS.
We depend on third party intellectual property in order for us to provide
certain foundry and design services to our clients. If problems or delays arise
with respect to the timely development, quality and provision of such
intellectual property to us, the design and production of our customers'
products could be delayed, resulting in underutilization of our capacity. If any
of our third party intellectual property right vendors go out of business,
liquidate, merge with, or are acquired by, another company that discontinues the
vendor's previous line of business, or if we fail to maintain or acquire
licenses to such intellectual property for any other reason, our business may be
adversely affected. In addition, license fees and royalties payable under these
agreements may impact our margins and operating results.
- 12 -
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES OR TO
DEFEND OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on our ability to operate
without infringing on the proprietary rights of others and defending our
intellectual property rights. Because of the complexity of the technologies used
and the multitude of patents, copyrights and other overlapping intellectual
property rights, it is often difficult for semiconductor companies to determine
infringement. Therefore, the semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent
litigation regarding patent, trade secret and other intellectual property
rights. There are no lawsuits currently pending against us regarding the
infringement of patents or intellectual property rights of others nor are we
currently a plaintiff in any such action against other parties. However, we have
been subject to such claims in the past, all of which have been resolved through
license agreements, the terms of which have not had a material effect on our
business.
Because of the nature of the industry, we may continue to be a party to
infringement claims in the future. In the event any third party were to assert
infringement claims against us or our customers, we may have to consider
alternatives including, but not limited to:
o negotiating cross-license agreements;
o seeking to acquire licenses to the allegedly infringed patents, which
may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all;
o discontinuing use of certain process technologies, architectures, or
designs, which could cause us to stop manufacturing certain integrated
circuits if we were unable to design around the allegedly infringed
patents;
o fighting the matter in court and paying substantial monetary damages
in the event we lose; or
o seeking to develop non-infringing technologies, which may not be
feasible.
Any one or several of these developments could place substantial financial
and administrative burdens on us and hinder our business. Litigation, which
could result in substantial costs to us and diversion of our resources, may also
be necessary to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights or to
defend us or our customers against claimed infringement of the rights of others.
If we fail to obtain certain licenses or if litigation relating to alleged
patent infringement or other intellectual property matters occurs, it could
prevent us from manufacturing particular products or applying particular
technologies, which could reduce our opportunities to generate revenues.
As of March 31, 2007, we held 61 patents worldwide. We intend to continue
to file patent applications when appropriate. The process of seeking patent
protection may take a long time and be expensive. We cannot assure you that
patents will be issued from pending or future applications or that, if patents
are issued, they will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the
rights granted under the patents will provide us with meaningful protection or
any commercial advantage. In addition, we cannot assure you that other countries
in which we market our services and products will protect our intellectual
property rights to the same extent as the United States. Further, we cannot
assure you that we will at all times enforce our patents or other intellectual
property rights or that courts will uphold our intellectual property rights, or
enforce the contractual arrangements that we have entered into to protect our
proprietary technology, which could reduce our opportunities to generate
revenues.
WE COULD BE SERIOUSLY HARMED BY FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATIONS.
Our business is subject to a variety of laws and governmental regulations
in Israel relating to the use, discharge and disposal of toxic or otherwise
hazardous materials used in our production processes. If we fail to use,
discharge or dispose of hazardous materials appropriately, or if applicable
environmental laws or regulations change in the future, we could be subject to
substantial liability or could be required to suspend or adversely modify our
manufacturing operations.
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WE ARE SUBJECT TO THE RISK OF LOSS DUE TO FIRE BECAUSE THE MATERIALS WE USE IN
OUR MANUFACTURING PROCESSES ARE HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
We use highly flammable materials such as silane and hydrogen in our
manufacturing processes and are therefore subject to the risk of loss arising
from fires. The risk of fire associated with these materials cannot be
completely eliminated. We maintain insurance policies to reduce losses caused by
fire, including business interruption insurance. If any of our fabs were to be
damaged or cease operations as a result of a fire, or if our insurance proves to
be inadequate, it would reduce our manufacturing capacity and revenues.
POSSIBLE PRODUCT RETURNS COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS.
Products manufactured by us may be returned within specified periods if
they are defective or otherwise fail to meet customers' prior agreed upon
specifications. Product returns in excess of established provisions, if any, may
have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
WE MAY BE REQUIRED TO REPAY GRANTS TO THE INVESTMENT CENTER THAT WE RECEIVED IN
CONNECTION WITH FAB 1.
We received grants and tax benefits for Fab 1 under the government of
Israel Approved Enterprise program. As of December 31, 2001, we completed our
investments under our Fab 1 program and are no longer entitled to any further
investment grants for future capital investments in Fab 1. We have agreed with
the Investment Center that if we do not achieve Fab 1 revenues of $90 million
for 2003 and $100 million for 2004 and maintain at Fab 1 at least 600 employees
for 2003 and 625 employees for 2004, subject to prevailing market conditions, we
will, if demanded by the Investment Center, be required to repay the Investment
Center up to approximately $2.5 million. Since our actual level of Fab 1
revenues and employees for 2003 and 2004 were not in compliance with the above
mentioned levels, we may be required to repay the Investment Center up to
approximately $2.5 million.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS RELATED TO OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS.
We have made substantial sales to customers located in Asia-Pacific and in
Europe. Because of our international operations, we are vulnerable to the
following risks:
o we price our products primarily in US dollars; if the Euro, Yen or
other currencies weaken relative to the US dollar, our products may be
relatively more expensive in these regions, which could result in a
decrease in our sales;
o the need to comply with foreign government regulation;
o general geopolitical risks such as political and economic instability,
potential hostilities and changes in diplomatic and trade
relationships;
o natural disasters affecting the countries in which we conduct our
business;
o reduced sales to our customers or interruption in our manufacturing
processes in Asia Pacific that may arise from regional issues in Asia;
o imposition of regulatory requirements, tariffs, import and export
restrictions and other barriers and restrictions;
o adverse tax rules and regulations;
- 14 -
o weak protection of our intellectual property rights; and
o delays in product shipments due to local customs restrictions.
OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER IF WE ARE UNABLE TO RETAIN AND RECRUIT QUALIFIED
PERSONNEL.
We depend on the continued services of our executive officers, senior
managers and skilled technical and other personnel. Our business could suffer if
we lose the services of some of these personnel and we cannot find and
adequately integrate replacement personnel into our operations in a timely
manner. We seek to recruit highly qualified personnel and there is intense
competition for the services of these personnel in the semiconductor industry.
Competition for personnel may increase significantly in the future as new
fabless semiconductor companies as well as new semiconductor manufacturing
facilities are established. We may need to review employee compensation
competitiveness with the purpose of retaining our existing officers and
employees and attracting and retaining additional personnel, including granting
large packages of options to purchase our ordinary shares.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE IN THE FUTURE.
The stock market, in general, has experienced extreme volatility that often
has been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In
particular, the stock prices for many companies in the semiconductor industry
have experienced wide fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the
operating performance of such companies. These broad market and industry
fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares,
regardless of our actual operating performance.
In addition, it is possible that in some future periods our operating
results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors.
In this event, the price of our securities may under perform or fall.
ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL SHARES PURSUANT TO OUR FAB 2 FINANCING PLANS AND
ARRANGEMENTS AND THE TERMS OF OUTSTANDING SECURITIES WHICH ARE EXERCISABLE OR
CONVERTIBLE INTO SHARES MAY DILUTE THE INTEREST OF OUR SHAREHOLDERS. WE MAY ALSO
ISSUE IN THE FUTURE ADDITIONAL SHARES AND/OR SECURITIES WHICH ARE EXERCISABLE OR
CONVERTIBLE INTO SHARES.
As of May 31, 2007 we had approximately 122.2 million ordinary shares
outstanding and have outstanding securities convertible or exercisable into up
to approximately 248.7 million ordinary shares including: (i) up to 26.6 million
ordinary shares issueable upon the conversion of our 2005 outstanding
convertible debentures held by some of our major shareholders and others at a
conversion rate of $1.10; (ii) 8.3 million warrants issued to our banks with an
exercise price of $1.21; (iii) 24.3 million warrants with an exercise price of
approximately $1.70; (iv) up to 24.2 million ordinary shares issueable upon the
conversion of our 2006 outstanding convertible debentures at a conversion rate
of approximately $2.00; (v) 9.4 million warrants with an exercise price of
$2.04; (vi) 5.2 million warrants with an exercise price of approximately $$2.3;
and (vii) 30.7 million employee and director options with a weighted average
exercise price of $1.86 (including options granted to our CEO). Additionally, in
September 2006, we issued equity equivalent capital notes to our banks and to
Israel Corp., which are convertible for no additional consideration, into
approximately 52 million and 65.8 million of our ordinary shares, respectively.
- 15 -
We have also entered into a number of agreements which may result in our
issuing large numbers of shares, particularly if we complete the transactions
contemplated by these agreements at a time when our share price is low. For
example, we have agreed that our three major wafer partners may elect to
convert, on a quarterly basis, for purchase orders placed through 2006, wafer
credits we have issued to them into our ordinary shares rather than use these
credits to reduce their cash payments for wafers manufactured in Fab 2, based on
the average trading price of our ordinary shares during the 15 consecutive
trading days preceding the last day of the relevant quarter. As of May 31, 2007,
we had issued approximately 6 million of our ordinary shares to SanDisk
Corporation and approximately 2.6 million ordinary shares to Alliance
Semiconductor upon conversion of approximately $14 million of wafer credits. We
expect that up to approximately $2.7 million of these credits may be further
converted into our ordinary shares. Following the reduction of the interest rate
applicable to the quarterly actual interest payments on our outstanding loans to
our banks following the closing of the September 2006 amendment to our facility
agreement, we have agreed to issue shares or convertible securities to our banks
in January 2011.
Our audit committee and board of directors and shareholders approved the
grant of options to our CEO, such that during the 24 month period ending in May
2008, the CEO will hold options to purchase shares that represent 4% of our
shares on a fully diluted basis. Our board of directors further approved the
allocation of additional options to be made available for grant to our employees
if the total number of employee options, including the options to our CEO,
during a 24 month period ending in May 2008 will represent less than 8% of our
shares on a fully diluted basis.
If we obtain Investment Center approval for an expansion plan (see Item 3.
Key Information - Risk Factors - Risk Affecting Our Business - "If the
Investment Center will not approve our request for a new expansion
program,..."), we will still need to raise considerable additional funds from
other sources to finance the ramp-up of Fab 2 to exceed capacity of 24,000
wafers per month, should we decide to further increase Fab 2's capacity, for
which we currently estimate we would need to raise approximately up to $120
million to fully ramp-up Fab 2, including the approximately $40 million raised
in our June 2007 private placement.
In connection with these financings, we may issue shares or securities
convertible into shares, which may materially dilute the holdings of our current
shareholders.
MARKET SALES OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF OUR SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE MAY LOWER
THE PRICE OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES.
Of our approximately 122.2 million outstanding ordinary shares as of May
31, 2007, approximately 59.2 million are freely tradable and held by
non-affiliates under US securities laws. In addition, certain of our affiliates
(Israel Corp., SanDisk Corporation, Alliance Semiconductor, and Macronix
International) hold approximately 44.2 million of our shares, of which (i)
approximately 3.3 million are registered for resale and are therefore freely
tradable under US securities laws, (ii) approximately 37.1 million are currently
eligible for sale subject to the time, volume and manner of sale limitations of
Rule 144 promulgated under the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (iii)
approximately 3.8 million shares held by SanDisk Corporation, will become
eligible for sale subject to the volume and manner of sale limitations of Rule
144 during 2007and 2008. Shares held by these affiliates are subject to the
share transfer restrictions set forth in the shareholders agreement to which
they are a party and which remain in effect through January 2008. As of May 31,
2007 up to approximately 26.6 million additional shares issuable upon the
conversion of our 2005 convertible debentures are held by non-affiliates or are
registered for resale and are therefore freely tradable under US securities
laws. In addition, approximately (i) 9.2 million shares issuable upon the
exercise of warrants we granted to our banks and (ii) approximately 18.8 million
shares issued in our March 2007 private placement, as well as approximately 28.2
million shares issuable upon exercise of warrants issued in such transaction,
are registered for resale and are therefore freely tradable under US securities
laws. The additional up to: (i) approximately 29.7 million shares issuable upon
the conversion and/or exercise of the securities sold in our June 2006 public
offering in Israel and (ii) approximately 5.2 million shares issuable upon
exercise of warrants sold in private placements completed in November 2006 are
freely tradeable in normal trading transactions in the United States.
Furthermore, we have filed a registration statement covering the resale of an
additional up to approximately 117.8 million shares issuable upon the conversion
of equity equivalent convertible capital notes issued to our banks and Israel
Corp. and if declared effective, such shares would be freely tradeable under US
securities laws. The sales of large amounts of our ordinary shares (or the
potential for those sales even if they do not actually occur) may depress the
market price of our ordinary shares. This could also impair our ability to raise
capital through the sale of our equity securities.
- 16 -
OUR PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS COLLECTIVELY OWN A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN US AND
WILL BE ABLE TO EXERCISE THEIR VOTING RIGHTS IN WAYS WHICH MAY BE ADVERSE TO THE
INTERESTS OF OUR OTHER SHAREHOLDERS.
As of, May 31, 2007 our major wafer partners and Israel Corp. collectively
owned approximately 36% of our outstanding shares. In the event Israel Corp.
would exercise its equity convertible capital notes, our major wafer partners
and Israel Corp. would collectively own approximately 58.5% % of our outstanding
shares. Under our articles of association, two shareholders holding together 33%
of our outstanding shares constitute a quorum for conducting a shareholders
meeting. Our wafer partners and Israel Corp. could constitute a quorum for
purposes of conducting a shareholders meeting. While we have always solicited
proxies from our shareholders prior to our shareholders meetings, we would have
a sufficient quorum with two large shareholders even if none of our other
shareholders were to participate in our shareholders meetings. If only two large
shareholders, owning collectively at least 33% of our shares, were to
participate in one of our shareholders meetings, these shareholders would
determine the outcome of our shareholders meeting without the benefit of the
participation of our other shareholders. In addition, even if our other
shareholders were to participate in our shareholders meetings in person or by
proxy, our wafer partners and Israel Corp. collectively control our company and
may exercise this control in a manner adverse to the interests of our other
shareholders.
THE PAYMENT OF THE REDEMPTION AMOUNT ON ACCOUNT OF OUR OUTSTANDING DEBENTURES IS
SUBORDINATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESS TO OUR BANKS AND OBLIGATIONS TO SECURED
CREDITORS.
The payment of the redemption amount on account of our outstanding
debentures is subordinated to the prior payment of all amounts payable by us to
our banks under our credit facility agreement with them, to any obligations to
the Investment Center of the Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor
related to approximately $165 million in grants received as of May 31, 2007
under the Investment Center's "Approved Enterprise" program in relation to Fab
2, to a first ranking charge in favor of Siliconix Technology C.V., on
approximately $20 million of equipment purchased in connection with the
performance of our obligations under our agreement with Siliconix and to a first
ranking charge in favor of SanDisk Corporation, on approximately $10 million of
equipment purchased in connection with the performance of our obligations under
our agreement with SanDisk Corporation. As a result, upon any distribution to
our creditors in liquidation or reorganization or similar proceedings, these
secured creditors will be entitled to be paid in full before any payment may be
made with respect to our outstanding debentures. In any of these circumstances,
we may not have sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all of
our debentures then outstanding. In addition, we are not permitted under the
terms of our facility agreement to make a payment on account of the debentures
if on the date of such payment an "Event of Default" exists under our credit
facility agreement.
WE MAY INCUR ADDITIONAL INDEBTEDNESS.
Although we are limited by the covenants in our credit facility agreement
with our banks, we could enter into certain transactions that would increase the
amount of our outstanding indebtedness. If new indebtedness is added to our
current indebtedness levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify.
- 17 -
RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS IN ISRAEL
INSTABILITY IN ISRAEL MAY HARM OUR BUSINESS.
All of our manufacturing facilities and our corporate and some of our sales
offices are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military
conditions in Israel may directly affect our business.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed
conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors, as well as
incidents of civil unrest. In addition, Israel and companies doing business with
Israel have, in the past, been the subject of an economic boycott. Although
Israel has entered into various agreements with Egypt, Jordan and the
Palestinian Authority, Israel has been and is subject to civil unrest and
terrorist activity, with varying levels of severity. Parties with whom we do
business have sometimes declined to travel to Israel during periods of
heightened unrest or tension, forcing us to make alternative arrangements where
necessary. In addition, the political and security situation in Israel may
result in parties with whom we have agreements claiming that they are not
obligated to perform their commitments under those agreements pursuant to force
majeure provisions. We can give no assurance that security and political
conditions will not adversely impact our business in the future. Any hostilities
involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and
its present trading partners could adversely affect our operations and could
make it more difficult for us to raise capital. Furthermore, our manufacturing
facilities are located exclusively in Israel, which has been experiencing civil
unrest, terrorist activity and military action. We could experience serious
disruption of our manufacturing if acts associated with this conflict result in
any serious damage to our manufacturing facilities. In addition, our business
interruption insurance may not adequately compensate us for losses that may
occur, and any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse
effect on our business.
OUR OPERATIONS MAY BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY THE OBLIGATIONS OF OUR PERSONNEL TO
PERFORM MILITARY SERVICE.
In the event of severe unrest or other conflict, individuals could be
required to serve in the military for extended periods of time. In response to
increases in terrorist activity, there have been periods of significant call-ups
of military reservists, and it is possible that there will be additional
call-ups in the future. A large part of male Israeli citizens, including our
employees, are subject to compulsory military reserve service through middle
age. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence for a significant period
of time of one or more of our key employees or a significant number of our other
employees due to military service. Such disruption could harm our operations.
OUR OPERATIONS MAY BE AFFECTED BY NEGATIVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN ISRAEL.
Israel has experienced periods of recession in economic activity, resulting
in low growth rates and growing unemployment. Our operations could be adversely
affected if the economic conditions in Israel deteriorate. In addition, Israel
has experienced several general strikes and other work stoppages, affecting
banks, government offices, airports and ports. These strikes have had an adverse
effect on the Israeli economy and on businesses, including our ability to
deliver products to our customers or to receive raw materials from our suppliers
in a timely manner. From time to time, the Israeli trade unions threaten strikes
or work-stoppages, which may, if carried out, have a material adverse effect on
the Israeli economy and our business.
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IF THE EXEMPTION ALLOWING US TO OPERATE OUR MANUFACTURING FACILITIES SEVEN DAYS
A WEEK IS NOT RENEWED, OUR BUSINESS WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
We operate our manufacturing facilities seven days a week pursuant to an
exemption from the law that requires businesses in Israel to be closed from
sundown on Friday through sundown on Saturday. This exemption expires by its
terms on December 31, 2007. In addition, a significant increase in the number of
employees permitted to work under this exemption will be needed as we ramp-up
production at Fab 2. If the exemption is not renewed and we are forced to close
any or all of the facilities for this period each week, our financial results
and business will be harmed.
IF WE ARE CONSIDERED TO BE A PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMPANY, EITHER
PRESENTLY OR IN THE FUTURE, US HOLDERS WILL BE SUBJECT TO ADVERSE US TAX
CONSEQUENCES.
We will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, if 75% or more of
our gross income in a taxable year, including our pro rata share of the gross
income of any company, US or foreign, in which we are considered to own,
directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the shares by value, is passive income.
Alternatively, we will be considered to be a PFIC if at least 50% of our assets
in a taxable year, averaged over the year and ordinarily determined based on
fair market value, including our pro rata share of the assets of any company in
which we are considered to own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the
shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. If
we were to be a PFIC, and a US Holder does not make an election to treat us as a
"qualified electing fund," or QEF, or a "mark to market" election, "excess
distributions" to a US Holder, and any gain recognized by a US Holder on a
disposition or our ordinary shares, would be taxed in an unfavorable way. Among
other consequences, our dividends would be taxed at the regular rates applicable
to ordinary income, rather than the 15% maximum rate applicable to certain
dividends received by an individual from a qualified foreign corporation. The
tests for determining PFIC status are applied annually and it is difficult to
make accurate predictions of future income and assets, which are relevant to the
determination of PFIC status. In addition, under the applicable statutory and
regulatory provisions, it is unclear whether we would be permitted to use a
gross loss from sales (sales less cost of goods sold) to offset our passive
income in the calculation of gross income. In light of the uncertainties
described above, we have not obtained an opinion of counsel with respect to our
PFIC status and no assurance can be given that we will not be a PFIC in any
year. If we determine that we have become a PFIC, we will then notify our US
Holders and provide them with the information necessary to comply with the QEF
rules. If the IRS determines that we are a PFIC for a year with respect to which
we have determined that we were not a PFIC, however, it might be too late for a
US Holder to make a timely QEF election, unless the US Holder qualifies under
the applicable Treasury regulations to make a retroactive (late) election. US
Holders who hold ordinary shares during a period when we are a PFIC will be
subject to the foregoing rules, even if we cease to be a PFIC in subsequent
years, subject to exceptions for US Holders who made a timely QEF or
mark-to-market election.
IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO ENFORCE A US JUDGMENT AGAINST US, OUR OFFICERS AND
DIRECTORS AND SOME OF THE EXPERTS NAMED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR TO ASSERT US
SECURITIES LAW CLAIMS IN ISRAEL.
We are incorporated in Israel. Most of our executive officers and directors
and our Israeli accountants and attorneys are nonresidents of the United States,
and a majority of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside
the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult to enforce a judgment obtained
in the United States, against us or any of these persons, in US or Israeli
courts based on the civil liability provisions of the US Federal securities
laws. Additionally, it may be difficult for you to enforce civil liabilities
under US Federal securities laws in original actions instituted in Israel.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
We are a pure-play independent specialty foundry dedicated to the
manufacture of semiconductors. Typically, pure-play foundries do not offer
products of their own, but focus on producing integrated circuits, or ICs, based
on the design specifications of their customers. We manufacture semiconductors
using advanced production processes for our customers primarily based on third
party designs and our own proprietary designs. We currently offer the
manufacture of ICs with geometries ranging from 1.0 to 0.13-micron. We also
provide design services and complementary technical services. ICs manufactured
by us are incorporated into a wide range of products in diverse markets,
including consumer electronics, personal computers, communications, automotive,
industrial and medical device products.
- 19 -
We are focused on establishing leading market share in high-growth
specialized markets by providing our customers with high-value wafer foundry
services. Our historical focus has been standard digital complementary metal
oxide semiconductor ("CMOS") process technology, which is the most widely used
method of producing ICs. We are currently focused on the emerging opportunities
in the fields of CMOS image sensors, embedded flash, mixed-signal, radio
frequency CMOS (RFCMOS), radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies and
power management. To better serve our customers, we have developed and are
continuously expanding our technology offerings for use in these fields. Through
our expertise and experience gained over fourteen years of operations, we
differentiate ourselves by creating a high level of value for our clients
through innovative technological processes, design support and services,
competitive manufacturing indices, such as cycle times and yields, and dedicated
customer service.
Our company was founded in 1993, when we acquired National Semiconductor's
150-mm wafer fabrication facility, or Fab 1, and commenced operations as an
independent foundry with a production capacity of approximately 5,000 wafers per
month. Since then, we have significantly modernized our Fab 1 facility and
equipment, which has improved our process geometries to range from 1.0-micron to
0.35-micron and enhanced our process technologies to include CMOS image sensors,
embedded flash and mixed-signal technologies. Production capacity in Fab 1 as of
May 31, 2007 was approximately 16,000 wafers per month depending on process
technology and product mix.
In January 2001, we commenced construction of a new, state-of-the-art wafer
fabrication facility, which we refer to as Fab 2, located in Migdal Haemek,
Israel and adjacent to our first facility, Fab 1. In 2003, we completed the
infrastructure of Fab 2 and commenced production wafer shipments from this Fab.
Fab 2 is designed to operate in geometries of 0.18-micron and below, using
advanced materials and advanced CMOS technology licensed from Freescale and
Toshiba and other technologies that we developed and will develop independently
or with development partners. We are currently implementing our plan to ramp-up
the capacity of Fab 2 to 24,000 wafer starts per month. Production capacity of
Fab 2 as of May 31, 2007 was approximately 21,000 wafers per month. Depending on
the process technology and product mix, when fully ramped-up we estimate that
Fab 2 will be able to achieve capacity levels of up to approximately 40,000
wafers per month. We have not yet made a decision as to the timing of the
commencement of any further ramp-up of Fab 2 capacity beyond 24,000 wafer starts
per month. The timing of that decision and its implementation will depend upon
several factors, including, funding, and cost availability of equipment and
market conditions.
Our capital expenditures, net of Investment Center grants, for 2006, 2005
and 2004 of approximately $147 million, $24 million and $142 million,
respectively, were made principally in connection with the construction of, and
purchase of equipment and technology for, Fab 2.
Our legal and commercial name is Tower Semiconductor Ltd. We were
incorporated under the laws of Israel. Our manufacturing facilities and
executive offices are located in the Ramat Gavriel Industrial Park, Post Office
Box 619, Migdal Haemek, 23105 Israel, and our telephone number is
972-4-650-6611. Our worldwide web site is located at http://www.towersemi.com.
Information on our web site is not incorporated by reference in this annual
report.
- 20 -
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
In June 2007, in a private placement with Israeli investors, we accepted
orders for 342 units, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately 167 million
NIS ($40 million). Each unit was comprised of: (i) long-term non-convertible
bonds, repayable in six equal annual installments between the dates of December
2011 and December 2016, with a face amount of NIS 250,000 (approximately
$59,700) and carrying an annual interest rate of 8 percent; (ii) long-term
convertible bonds repayable in January 2013 with a 17.2 NIS conversion price
(approximately $4.11) and with a face amount of NIS 262,500 (approximately
$62,700), carrying an annual interest rate of 8 percent, and (iii) 5,800
warrants, each exercisable for four years from the date the below mentioned
prospectus is published, for one ordinary share at a price of $2.04
(approximately 8.54 NIS). Principal and interest on the bonds, including the
convertible bonds, are linked to the Israeli consumer price index, or CPI, and
were issued at 95.5% of par value. The conversion and exercise prices are
subject to reduction in certain limited circumstances. Under Israeli securities
laws, the securities are subject to a statutory lock-up. The Company has
undertaken to file a prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority to allow
for the unrestricted trade of the securities. The funds raised are being held in
escrow and will be released to the Company if the prospectus is declared
effective by the Israel Securities Authority within 90 days from the date of the
offering. In the event the prospectus is not declared effective by the Israel
Securities Authority, the holders of the bonds, including the convertible bonds,
may elect to have the Company redeem the bonds. Under US securities laws, the
securities sold are freely tradeable in normal trading transactions in the
United States.
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Semiconductor devices are responsible for the rapid growth of the
electronics industry over the past fifty years. They are critical components in
a variety of applications, from computers, consumer electronics and
communications, to industrial, military, medical and automotive applications.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology,
frequently resulting in the obsolescence of recently introduced products. As
performance has increased and size and cost have decreased, the use of
semiconductors and the number of their applications have grown significantly.
Historically, the semiconductor industry was composed primarily of
companies that designed and manufactured ICs in their own fabrication
facilities. These companies, such as Intel and IBM, are known as integrated
device manufacturers, or IDMs. In the mid-1980s, fabless IC companies, which
focused on IC design and used external manufacturing capacity, began to emerge.
Fabless companies initially outsourced production to IDMs, which filled this
need through their excess capacity. As the semiconductor industry continued to
grow, increasing competition forced fabless companies and IDMs to seek reliable
and dedicated sources of IC manufacturing services. This need has been met by
the development of independent companies, known as foundries, which focus
primarily on providing IC manufacturing services to semiconductor suppliers.
Foundry services are now used by nearly every major semiconductor company in the
world, including IDMs as part of a dual-source, risk-diversification and cost
effectiveness strategy.
Semiconductor suppliers face increasing demands for new products that
provide higher performance, greater functionality and smaller form factors at
lower prices, which require increasingly complex ICs. In addition to the
increased complexity of designs, there has also been a dramatic increase in the
number of applications for semiconductors. To compete successfully,
semiconductor suppliers must also minimize the time it takes to bring a product
to market. As a result, fabless companies and IDMs are focusing more on their
core competencies--design and intellectual property--and outsourcing
manufacturing to foundries.
- 21 -
The consumer sector is expanding worldwide with new applications and
multi-functional devices, including those that incorporate CMOS image sensors,
embedded flash and mixed-signal ICs. Increasingly, emerging applications, such
as camera-equipped cell phones, digital still cameras and flat panel displays,
are enabled by ICs manufactured using advanced process technologies.
The enormous costs associated with modern fabs, combined with the
increasing demand for complex ICs, has created an expanding market for
outsourced manufacturing offered by foundries. Foundries can cost-effectively
supply the technologies involved in manufacturing advanced ICs to even the
smallest fabless companies by creating economies of scale through pooling the
demand of numerous customers. In addition, customers whose IC designs require
process technologies other than standard digital CMOS have created a market for
independent foundries that focus on providing specialized process technologies,
such as CMOS image sensors, embedded flash and mixed-signal technologies.
Foundries also offer competitive customer service through design, testing, and
other technical services, often at a level previously found only at an IDM's
internal facilities.
These trends have led to the rapid growth in demand in recent years for
advanced semiconductor manufacturing services provided by independent foundries.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND SPECIALIZED TECHNOLOGIES
We manufacture ICs on silicon wafers, generally using the customer's
proprietary circuit designs. In some cases, we use third-party or our own
proprietary design elements. The end product of our manufacturing process is a
silicon wafer containing multiple identical ICs. In most cases, our customer
assumes responsibility for dicing, assembly and testing.
We provide wafer fabrication services and technologies to fabless IC
companies and IDMs and enable smooth integration of the semiconductor design and
manufacturing processes. By doing so, we enable our customers to bring
high-performance, highly integrated ICs to market rapidly and cost effectively.
We believe that our technological strengths and emphasis on customer service
have allowed us to develop unique positions in large, high-growth specialized
markets for CMOS image sensors, embedded flash memory, mixed signal and RF CMOS
ICs. We serve as a sole source or alternative provider of foundry services.
We manufacture ICs using CMOS process technology. CMOS is currently the
dominant semiconductor manufacturing process because it requires lower power
than other technologies and allows dense placement of components onto a single
IC. The low power consumption and high-density characteristics of the CMOS
process allow the continued development of high performance ICs that are smaller
and faster. For example in the end of 2006, Ikanos Communications, Inc. a
leading developer and provider of Fiber Fast(TM) broadband solutions, chose us
to manufacture its Vx160 high-performance DSL network processor. The product
will be produced in 0.16-micron at our Fab 2. In 2007, we also began
manufacturing additional Zoran Corporation ICs at Fab 2, using our
cost-effective 0.16-micron geometry. We believe that our specialized process
technology distinguishes our IC manufacturing services and attracts
industry-leading customers.
We believe that we are a trusted, customer-oriented service provider that
has built a solid reputation in the foundry industry over the last fourteen
years. We have built strong relationships with customers, who continue to use
our services, even as their demands evolve to smaller form factors and new
applications. Our consistent focus on providing high-quality, value added
services, including engineering and design support, has allowed us to attract
customers for both our Fab 1 and Fab 2 facilities who seek to work with a proven
provider of foundry services. Our emphasis on working closely with customers and
accelerating the time-to-market of our customers' next-generation products is
also reflected in our corporate structure which comprises three distinct product
line units: CMOS Image Sensors and embedded Non-Volatile Memory products
(CIS/NVM); Radio Frequency (RF)/Mixed Signal; and CMOS. As a result, we have a
high customer retention rate and an increase in new customers and new products
for production.
- 22 -
We derived approximately 45% of our revenues for the year ended December
31, 2006 from our target specialized markets: CMOS image sensors, embedded
flash, mixed-signal, RF and power ICs. We are highly experienced in these
markets, being an early entrant and having developed unique proprietary
technologies, primarily through licensing and joint development efforts with our
customers and other technology companies. The specific process technologies that
we currently focus on include:
CMOS IMAGE SENSORS
CMOS image sensors are ICs used to capture an image in a wide variety of
consumer, communications, medical, automotive and industrial market
applications, including camera-equipped cell phones, digital still and video
cameras, security and surveillance cameras and video game consoles. Our
dedicated manufacturing and testing processes assure consistently high
electro-optical performance of the integrated sensor through wafer-level
characterization. Our CMOS image sensor processes have demonstrated superior
optical characteristics, excellent spectral response and high resolution and
sensitivity. The ultra-low dark current, high efficiency and accurate spectral
response of our photodiode enable faithful color reproduction and acute detail
definition.
In addition, our innovative "stitching" technology enables semiconductor
exposure tools to manufacture single ultra high-resolution CMOS image sensors
containing millions of pixels at sizes far larger than their existing field. Our
0.5, 0.35-micron and 0.18-micron CMOS image sensor processes are designed to
permit the customer to create high-quality solutions and integrate a product's
CMOS analog and logic circuitry together with the sensor pixel array all on one
chip, thereby facilitating miniaturization, reducing power consumption and
increasing performance.
We are currently actively involved in this mass market as well as the
high-end sensor and applications specific markets, which include applications
such as industrial machine vision, medical X-Ray and automotive sensors. While
CMOS image sensors for advanced optical applications are an emerging technology,
we believe that they are becoming the preferred technology to traditional charge
coupled devices, or CCDs. CCDs have historically provided superior image
quality; however, advances in semiconductor manufacturing processes and design
techniques have led to significant improvements in CMOS image sensor performance
and image quality. These advances have resulted in smaller size circuits and
better power control, making it possible to design CMOS image sensors that
provide high image quality at a significantly lower cost.
As early as 1997, we recognized the market potential of using CMOS process
technology for a digital camera-on-a-chip, which would integrate a CMOS image
sensor, filters and digital circuitry. In entering the CMOS image sensor foundry
business, we utilized research and development work that had been ongoing since
1993. Our services include a broad range of turnkey solutions and services,
including pixel IP services, optical characterization of a CMOS process,
innovative stitching manufacturing technique and optical testing and packaging.
CMOS image sensors manufactured by us deliver outstanding image quality for a
broad spectrum of digital imaging applications.
During the last quarter of 2005 we commenced volume production of CMOS
image sensors for the cellular phone camera market in 0.18 micron process and
using a 3.6 micron pixel which we developed. For example, in November 2005, we
began manufacturing 2.0 and 1.3-megapixel CMOS image sensors for Biomorphic
Microsystems Corporation (Biomorphic) designed for cellular phone applications.
These image sensors are produced in 0.18 micron process at Fab2, utilizing our
pixel IP and our optically-optimized-multilayer metallization, which achieves
dramatically better optical sensitivity by reducing stack height from silicon to
micro-lens. In 2006, we commenced volume production with our developed 2.8
micron pixel and in parallel we developed a 2.2 micron pixel which serves as the
foundation for products with several of our customers ordered for 2007, and is
being used in VGA, 1.3Mp, 2Mp and 3Mp and which we expect to be used in the
future for 5Mp sensors for both the cellular phone and PC camera commodity
market, and the low end DSC market.
- 23 -
During 2006, we ramped to production products with 2.8 micron , 3.2 micron
and 3.6 micron pixels, all developed by us and supplied to our customers as
pixel IP In the end of 2006, we began prototyping of two image sensors for
SuperPix, a leading Chinese products company, in Fab 2 in 0.18 micron
technology. The products will be used in cellular phone and smart phone cameras.
Our Advanced Photo Diode (APD) technology used in these CMOS image sensors
enables improved optical and electrical performance of ultra-small pixels
utilizing deep sub-micron process technologies, thus enabling the manufacturing
of small, cost-effective camera module solutions.
We developed a new 2.2-micron pixel for which prototyping began in early
2007. In addition, in the beginning of 2007, we were selected by e2v as its
supplier of choice for its CMOS image sensor devices. e2v's products target a
broad range of industrial and medical applications. The CMOS sensors will be
produced in Fab2, using the CIS 0.18 micron process and its advanced
capabilities, including our patented stitching technology that was successfully
developed for Fab 2 in 2006.
For the X-Ray market, we developed stitched technology in Fab2 on
0.18micron process and a variety of 20-micron pixels that are optimized for
X-Ray applications. These pixels are used by our customers in X-Ray products
prototypes.
The stitched technology that was developed for Fab 2 during 2006 provided
us with the ability to manufacture large sensors (up to one die per wafer) on 8"
wafers using state of the art, 0.18-micron CMOS Image Sensor technology. In
2007, we have several new orders from customers whose products based on this
technology.
EMBEDDED FLASH
Flash memory is a constantly powered nonvolatile memory that can be erased
and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. The IC of flash memory is
organized so that a section of memory cells may be erased in a single action, or
"flash". Applications for flash memory products range from most types of
portable electronic equipment devices to high volume mass storage of data. Flash
is particularly suitable for applications such as handheld devices, combining
the need for portability, high density, ruggedness and lower power requirements.
Flash memory products are also well-suited for audio products such as digital
answering machines and MP3 players, as well as other applications including
networking devices, digital cameras, personal computer motherboards and portable
memory devices.
Embedded flash is the combination of flash memory with other components,
such as other memory, logic and analog, on a single IC to provide speed,
functionality and form factor advantages and reduce system cost. Embedded flash
memory products are used in communications, consumer, industrial, military and
automotive applications. End products include networks, base stations, servers,
microcontrollers, toys, set-top boxes, DVD players, cell phones and smart cards.
In 1997, we entered into a strategic investment and technology agreement
with Saifun Semiconductors Ltd., pursuant to which we obtained approximately a
10% equity stake in Saifun. Together we brought to market a new non-volatile
memory technology based on 0.5-micron, microFlash(TM)/NROM(TM). NROM technology
enables the implementation of ultra high-density flash arrays using CMOS
processes, and is particularly suitable for embedding flash arrays with standard
CMOS logic, as well as for commodity memories. Our microFLASH technology, based
on Saifun's patented NROM technology, provides greater memory cell density than
other currently available flash architectures for given design rule generation,
permitting an approximately four-fold reduction in the size of the memory cell
for stand-alone memories and embedded applications in a given geometry.
- 24 -
In December 2004, we sold our entire equity stake in Saifun for
approximately $39 million. This sale had no effect on our technology rights
under our agreement with Saifun.
In September 2006, we signed a new agreement with Saifun extending our
license of the Saifun NROM(R) technology for the manufacture of embedded flash
and embedded EEPROM products. The MICROFLASH(R) embedded modules are
manufactured on our 0.18 micron process in various densities and speeds. Under
the terms of the new agreement, we may also offer NROM-based embedded flash
modules on further advanced process generations.
The relative simplicity of our microFLASH manufacturing process offers cost
advantages over competing flash technologies for high density memories. Using
our 0.5-micron technology, we have introduced the first of our microFLASH
processes into production with the manufacture of a 2 megabit stand-alone memory
device and embedded multi-time programming modules, with a limited number of
rewrite cycles. Our 0.18-micron embedded flash technology was mutually developed
with a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer during 2004, with multiple flash
modules ranging in sizes from 0.5 megabit to 8 megabit, and is currently in
different stages of prototyping and production with a few customers.
MIXED SIGNAL, RF CMOS, AND RFID
Mixed-signal ICs are an essential part of any electronic system that
interacts with the real world. Analog ICs monitor and manipulate real world
signals such as sound, light, pressure, motion, temperature and electrical
current and are used in a wide variety of electronic products such as PCs, cell
phones, DVD players, automotive electronics and medical imaging equipment.
Digital ICs perform arithmetic functions on data represented by a series of ones
and zeroes, provide critical processing power and have enabled many of the
computing and communication advances of recent years. Mixed-signal ICs combine
analog and digital semiconductor functionality on a single IC to enable digital
systems to interface with the real world. As these digital systems proliferate,
there is a growing need for analog functionality to enable them to interface
with the real world. For 0.18-micron technology, we have developed design kits
optimized for mixed-signal and RFCMOS design. These design kits contain a
comprehensive characterization of a wide range of analog and RF devices to
provide our customers with the ability to design mixed-signal and RF ICs for
their specific needs.
For example, in 2006 we collaborated with Modiotek to successfully
introduce a 32-polyphony sound generator into ULC (Ultra Low Cost) handset
models, following manufacturing of over 10 million MAP S32i series products for
the past two years. The MAP (Mobile Audio Platform) family consists of half a
dozen different products, customized for the specific cellular phone models and
applications which were built, using our Fab 2 0.18-micron mixed signal process
technology.
In recent years, more and more designers opt to develop high frequency
products based on RF CMOS technologies as opposed to exotic process
technologies, such as SiGe or GaAs. The superior cost structure of CMOS
technologies enables high volume, low cost production of such high frequency
products. We use our mixed signal expertise to leverage and develop processes
and provide services for customers utilizing CMOS technologies. We further
enhanced our mixed signal 0.18-micron platform technology offering by developing
RF CMOS product design kits. This allowed us to increase our customer base and
obtain new products for production as well as develop special capabilities with
RFID applications. For example, in February 2006, we began producing wireless
LAN products for Atheros Communications.
- 25 -
RFID. In 2004, we started a joint development program with Alien Technology
Corporation that targets the RFID tag market and utilizes a platform technology
of mixed signal, RF and non volatile memory function. As of June 2006 we are the
manufacturing supplier for Alien Technology's internally-designed Gen 2 RFID
ICs. Currently certain of Alien's products are in production at Fab 2 and
additional developments under the program are in process.
CONVERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGIES
In response to the growing demand for a single chip to offer a wide array
of functions, we are leveraging a combination of some of the abovementioned
technologies by developing a single chip with multiple functions. The successful
development of this chip will allow us to provide additional value to our
customers and obtain a unique market position by offering our customers a unique
technology platform. We engage in projects merging CMOS, NVM and CIS for unique
solutions to customers' needs, as well as in a project targeting RFID tags
applications merging RF CMOS, mixed signal and NVM technologies onto a single
chip.
CUSTOMERS, MARKETING AND SALES
Our marketing and sales strategy seeks to aggressively expand our global
customer base. We have marketing, sales and engineering support personnel in the
United States, Taiwan and Israel. Our marketing and sales staff is supported by
independent sales representatives, located throughout the world, who have been
selected based on their understanding of the semiconductor marketplace.
Our sales cycle is generally 12-24 months or longer for new customers and
can be as short as 9-12 months for existing customers. The typical stages in the
sales cycle process from initial contact until production are:
o technical evaluation;
o product design to our specifications including integration of third
party intellectual property;
o photomask design and third party manufacturing;
o silicon prototyping;
o assembly and test;
o validation and qualification; and
o production.
The primary customers of our foundry services are fabless semiconductor
companies and IDMs. A substantial portion of our product sales are made pursuant
to long-term contracts with our customers, under which we have agreed to reserve
manufacturing capacity at our production facilities for such customers. Our
customers include many industry leaders, some of our shareholders and a number
of Taiwanese companies who preferred our solution to the solutions that were
offered locally. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we had seven
significant customers who contributed 23%, 10%, 10%, 9%, 6%, 5% and 5% of our
revenues, respectively. In 2005, we had five significant customers who
contributed 22%, 14%, 8%, 7% and 5% of our revenues, respectively.
In addition to further developing our customer base, we have also made a
concentrated effort to expand the geographical diversity of our sales. The
percentage of our sales from customers located outside the United States was
40%, 36% and 31% in the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006,
respectively. We believe that a substantial portion of our sales will continue
to come from customers located outside the United States. The following table
sets forth the geographical distribution, by percentage, of our net sales for
the periods indicated:
- 26 -
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--- --- ---
United States 69% 64% 60%
Israel 7% 7% 20%
Asia-Pacific ( primarily Taiwan) 16% 20%(*) 11%(*)
Europe 8% 9% 9%
--- --- ---
Total 100% 100% 100%
=== === ===
(*) Including payments made to us in connection with our May 2002 joint
development agreement for 0.18-micron embedded MICROFLASH technology.
COMPETITION
The global semiconductor foundry industry is highly competitive. The major
independent dedicated foundries include Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
Corporation, United Microelectronics, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing and
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp.; emerging and existing Chinese,
Korean, Malaysian and Taiwanese foundries, including DongBu, He Jien Technology,
ASMC, MagnaChip, CSMC Grace, HHNEC, and Silterra; and other specialized
foundries, such as AMI Semiconductor, Jazz Semiconductor and X-Fab. In addition,
there are IDMs and end-product manufacturers that produce ICs for their own use
and/or allocate a portion of their manufacturing capacity to foundry operations.
Most of the foundries with which we compete are located in Asia-Pacific and
benefit from their close proximity to other companies involved in the design and
manufacture of ICs. We believe that the principal elements of competition in the
wafer foundry market are:
o technical competence;
o production quality;
o time-to-market;
o device and end-product price;
o available capacity;
o device yields;
o design and customer support services;
o access to intellectual property; and
o research and development capabilities.
Many of our competitors have greater manufacturing capacity, multiple
manufacturing facilities, more advanced technological capabilities, a more
diverse and established customer base, greater financial, marketing,
distribution and other resources and a better cost structure than ours.
- 27 -
We seek to compete primarily on the basis of technology, production
quality, device yields and services involving design, support and manufacturing.
We believe we have a differentiated service offering and track record in
specialized markets, which enables us to effectively compete with larger IC
manufacturers.
WAFER FABRICATION SERVICES
Wafer fabrication is an intricate process that consists of constructing
layers of conducting and insulating materials on raw wafers in intricate
patterns that give the IC its function. IC manufacturing requires hundreds of
interrelated steps performed on different types of equipment, and each step must
be completed with extreme accuracy for finished ICs to work properly. The
process can be summarized as follows:
CIRCUIT DESIGN. IC production begins when a fabless IC company or IDM
designs the layout of a device's components and designates the interconnections
between each component. The result is a pattern of components and connections
that defines the function of the IC. In highly complex circuits, there may be
more than 35 layers of electronic patterns. After the IC design is complete, we
provide these companies with IC manufacturing services.
MASK MAKING. The design for each layer of a semiconductor wafer is
imprinted on a photographic negative, called a reticle or mask. The mask is the
blueprint for each specific layer of the semiconductor wafer.
IC MANUFACTURING. Transistors and other circuit elements comprising an IC
are formed by repeating a series of processes in which photosensitive material
is deposited on the wafer and exposed to light through a mask. Advanced IC
manufacturing processes consist of hundreds of steps, including
photolithography, oxidation, etching and stripping of different layers and
materials, ion implantation, deposition of thin film layers, chemical mechanical
polishing and thermal processing. The final step in the IC manufacturing process
is wafer probe, which involves electronically inspecting each individual IC in
order to identify those that are operable for assembly.
ASSEMBLY AND TEST. After IC manufacture, the wafers are transferred to
assembly and test facilities. In the assembly process, each wafer is cut into
dies, or individual semiconductors, and tested. Defective dies are discarded,
while good dies are packaged and assembled. Assembly protects the IC,
facilitates its integration into electronic systems and enables the dissipation
of heat or cold. Following assembly, the functionality, voltage, current and
timing of each IC is tested. After testing, the completed IC is shipped to the
IC supplier or directly to its final destination.
PROCUREMENT AND SOURCING
Our manufacturing processes use many raw materials, including silicon
wafers, chemicals, gases and various metals. These raw materials generally are
available from several suppliers. In many instances, we purchase raw materials
from a single source. In connection with our technology advancement plans, we
expect to continue to make purchases of semiconductor manufacturing equipment,
mainly for Fab 2.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Our future success depends, to a large degree, on our ability to continue
to successfully develop and introduce to production advanced process
technologies that meet our customers' needs. Our process development strategy
relies on CMOS process technologies that we primarily license and transfer from
third parties. We also develop these technologies on our own, at our own
initiative, our customers' request or in cooperation with our customers.
- 28 -
From time to time, at a customer's request, we develop a specialty process
module, which we use for such customer on an exclusive basis, and, if permitted
under our agreements with such customer, we then add it to our process offering.
Such developments are very common in all of our special process technologies
noted above. In 2004, in response to market demand, we introduced a 0.16-micron
optical shrink solution which represents a 10% linear shrink from our existing
0.18-micron offering while utilizing virtually the same 0.18-micron libraries
and IP. The shrink allows a 15 to 20 percent die size reduction and a
potentially higher wafer ASP and lower die cost. Applications include industry
standard CMOS logic and some mixed-signal technologies. This 0.16-micron
technology is currently in production.
Our research and development activities have related primarily to our
process development efforts and have been sponsored and funded by us with some
participation by the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist, or OCS. Accordingly,
we are subject to restrictions set forth in Israeli law which limit the ability
of a company to manufacture products or to transfer technologies outside of
Israel, if such products or technologies were developed with OCS funding.
Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005
and 2006 were $17.1 million, $16.0 million and $15.0 million, net of government
participation of $1.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
As of May 31, 2007, we employed 157 professionals in our research and
development department, 30 of whom have PhDs. In addition to our research and
development department located at our facilities in Migdal Haemek, we maintain a
design center in Netanya, Israel.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain patents, licenses and
other intellectual property rights covering our production processes. To that
end, we have acquired certain patents and patent licenses and intend to continue
to seek patents on our production processes. As of March 31, 2006, we held 61
patents. We have entered into various patent licenses and cross-licenses with
technology companies including Toshiba, Freescale, Synopsys, ARM, Chipidea
Microelectronics, Virage Logic, Impinj and others. We may choose to renew our
present licenses or obtain additional technology licenses in the future. There
can be no assurance that any such licenses could be obtained on commercially
reasonable terms.
We constantly seek to strengthen our technological expertise through
relationships with technology companies and silicon suppliers. We seek to expand
our core strengths in CMOS image sensors, embedded flash and mixed-signal
technologies by combining our proprietary technology with those of other
technology companies. A main component of our process development strategy is to
acquire licenses for standard CMOS technologies and cell libraries from leading
designers, such as Freescale and Toshiba, and further develop specialized
processes through our internal design teams. The licensing of these technologies
has enormously reduced our internal development costs.
CMOS PROCESS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
We have licensed an array of process technologies through the following
arrangements:
TOSHIBA. In April 2000, we entered into a technology transfer agreement
with Toshiba, pursuant to which Toshiba has transferred to us certain advanced
CMOS technologies for use in Fab 2. In exchange for certain license and
technology transfer fees and royalties, Toshiba has provided us with recipes,
know-how and patent licenses and has trained a group of our engineers and
managers. Subject to prior termination for cause by Toshiba, our licenses under
the agreement with Toshiba are perpetual. Based on Toshiba's 0.18-micron CMOS
process technology, we have internally developed an enhanced industry compatible
version of the process technology.
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MOTOROLA (NOW FREESCALE). In September 2002, we entered into a technology
transfer and development agreement with Motorola, pursuant to which Motorola
transferred to us its 0.13-micron HiPerMOS7 CMOS process technology for Fab 2 as
well as co-developed with us an industry-standard compatible version of the
process technology. Subject to prior termination for cause by Motorola, our
licenses under the technology transfer agreement with Motorola are perpetual. In
August 2004, Motorola assigned all of its rights and obligations under the
aforementioned agreement to Freescale.
FOUNDATION IP BLOCKS
To better serve our customers design needs using advanced CMOS processes
and mixed-signal, we have entered into a series of agreements with leading
providers of physical design libraries, mixed-signal and non volatile memory
design components. These components are basic design building blocks, such as
standard cells, interface input-output (I/O) cells, software compilers for the
generation of on-chip embedded memories arrays, mixed-signal and non-volatile
memory design blocks. To achieve optimal performance, all of these components
must be customized to work with our manufacturing process and are used in most
of our customers' chip designs.
SYNOPSYS. In June 2001, we entered into an agreement with Synopsys
(formerly, Avant!) under which Synopsys has developed libraries for our
0.18-micron process technology. Multiple customers use the Synopsys libraries in
producing their ICs at our company. In 2004, we entered into a set of
comprehensive technology transfer and license agreements with Synopsys that
provide us with broad rights to use Synopsys' library technology in multiple
process technology generations including 0.18 micron and 0.13 micron. Under
these agreements, we were given the right to develop, customize, validate and
characterize libraries, based on Synopsys' library technology and to distribute
such libraries through and have them supported by Synopsys. These agreements
place us in a superior position of having in-house capability to serve our
customers' needs. Certain parts of the 2004 license agreements, relating to
elements of distribution and support by Synopsys, expired in October 2006, and
we may be unable to extend or renew them on similar terms.
ARM (including its wholly-owned subsidiary, ARM Physical IP). In 2002 and
subsequently in 2004 and 2006, we entered into license agreements with ARM
(formerly, Artisan Components) under which we received a license to a suite of
library products for our 0.18-micron and 0.13-micron process technologies and
ARM licenses its libraries to our customers free of charge. Multiple customers
are using the ARM libraries in their chip design for manufacturing at our
company. The ARM libraries include, among others, standard cells, general
purpose and specialty input-output cells and memory generators.
VIRAGE LOGIC. In 2002 and subsequently in 2004, we entered into license
agreements with Virage Logic under which we received a license to a suite of
library products for our 0.18-micron and 0.13-micron process technologies,
respectively. These library products are available for licensing by our
customers, and with respect to most of the 0.13-micron library products, free of
a license charge. Virage offers a variety of SRAM and ROM memory compilers on
both process technologies, and also offers standard cells, general purpose and
specialty input-output cells libraries in the 0.13-micron technology. Presently,
multiple customers' products that use Virage Logic's memory products are in
production at Fab 2. In addition, our license agreement with Virage Logic from
2002 has also introduced Virage Logic's patented Nonvolatile Electrically
Alterable embedded memories for production on our 0.18-micron CMOS logic
process. Currently customers' products that use Virage Logic's non-volatile
memory products are in production at Fab 2. We have selected and qualified these
memories for our process to help our customers meet their application
requirements for cost-effective embedded non-volatile memory for security,
encryption, unique device identification, analog trimming, silicon repair and
flexible program store.
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CHIPIDEA MICROELECTRONICS. In 2003 and subsequently in 2005, we entered
into a non-exclusive, perpetual, royalty-free license and design agreement with
Chipidea Microelectronics. Further to this agreement, Chipidea has customized
several of its mixed-signal design blocks for manufacturing on our 0.18-micron
and 0.13-micron process technologies, such asUSB 2.0 (Universal Serial Bus 2.0)
and USB2.0 OTG (On The Go), which are currently being utilized by several of our
customers.
IMPINJ INC. In 2005, we entered into a development and license agreement
with Impinj Inc. under which Impinj is developing its AEON(R) non-volatile
memory (NVM), in parallel architecture, based on its patented Self-Adaptive
Silicon(R) technology, for production on our 0.13-micron CMOS logic process. We
chose Impinj's cost-effective NVM to help our customers' products meet their
application requirements for embedded non-volatile memories. Primary
applications for Impinj's AEON parallel architecture include analog trimming,
digital rights management and wireless controllers. In 2007, Impinj's
AEON(R)/MTP Parallel Architecture NVM cores became available in our 0.13-micron
logic process.
IMAGE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES
We developed, both independently and together with our customers, basic
pixel intellectual property to be used by those customers in the manufacturing
of our CMOS image sensor products.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The legal and commercial name of our company is Tower Semiconductor Ltd. We
were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel in 1993. We have one
subsidiary, incorporated in the United States under the name Tower Semiconductor
USA, Inc. Our subsidiary is wholly-owned by us.
D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
FAB 1
We acquired our Fab 1 facility from National Semiconductor in 1993, which
had operated the facility since 1986. We occupy the facility pursuant to a
long-term lease from the Israel Lands Authority that expires in 2032.
Due to the sensitivity and complexity of the semiconductor manufacturing
process, a semiconductor manufacturing facility requires a special "clean room"
in which most of the manufacturing functions are performed. Our Fab 1 facility
includes an approximately 51,900 square foot clean room.
Since we commenced manufacturing at Fab 1, we increased its manufacturing
capacity from 5,000 wafers per month, using 1.25-micron and 1.0-micron
processes, to approximately 16,000 wafers per month as of May 31, 2006 depending
on process technology and product mix, using our 1.0 micron to 0.35-micron
processes, including specialized processes. Fab 1 is also manufacturing products
for Siliconix Incorporated and Siliconix Technology C.V under a long term
foundry agreement that we entered into in May 2004 using process technology that
Siliconix transferred to us.
Our exact capacity is variable and depends on the combination of the
processes being used and may be significantly lower at certain times as a result
of certain of our combinations. In general, our ability to increase our
manufacturing capacity has been achieved through the addition of equipment,
improvement in equipment utilization, the reconfiguration and expansion of the
existing clean room area and the construction of an additional clean room area
within the building shell of Fab 1.
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FAB 2
In January 2001, we commenced construction of Fab 2, our advanced wafer fab
adjacent to Fab 1 in Migdal Haemek. The land on which Fab 2 is located is
subject to a long-term lease from the Israel Lands Authority that expires in
2049.
Fab 2 offers integrated circuits manufacturing services utilizing advanced
materials and a 0.18-micron process technology we licensed from Toshiba, as well
as 0.13-micron process technology we licensed from Freescale. Fab 2 is also
manufacturing products in 0.35-micron process technology that International
Rectifier Corporation transferred to us under a long term foundry agreement that
we entered into in September 2006.
The overall clean room area in Fab 2 is approximately 100,000 square feet.
We began volume production at Fab 2 during the third quarter of 2003. Production
capacity as of May 31, 2007 was approximately 21,000 wafers per month. Depending
on the process technology and product mix, when fully ramped-up, we estimate
that Fab 2 will be able to achieve capacity levels of approximately 40,000
wafers per month.
Since 2000, we have invested significantly in the purchase of fixed assets,
primarily in connection with the construction of Fab 2, technology advancement
and capacity expansion. Capital expenditures in 2006, 2005 and 2004 were
approximately $146 million, $30 million and $173 million, respectively, before
related Investment Center grants of $0 million, $6 million and $30 million,
respectively.
We have registered liens in favor of the State of Israel and our banks on
substantially all of our present and future assets, including Fab 1 and Fab 2
(see "Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - B. Liquidity and
Capital Resources - Fab 2 Agreements - Credit Facility").
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND CERTIFICATIONS
Our operations are subject to a variety of laws and governmental
regulations relating to the use, discharge and disposal of toxic or otherwise
hazardous materials used in our production processes. Failure to comply with
these laws and regulations could subject us to material costs and liabilities,
including costs to clean up contamination caused by our operations.
We believe that we are currently in compliance in all material respects
with applicable environmental laws and regulations.
In November 2004, we received ISO 14001 certification from The Standards
Institution of Israel. A series of international standards on environmental
management, ISO 14000 provides a framework for the development of an
environmental management system and the supporting audit program. ISO 14001 is
the cornerstone standard of the ISO 14000 series. It specifies a framework of
control for an environmental management system pursuant to which an organization
can be certified by a third party. The ISO 14001 certification applies to all of
our manufacturing facilities. Our authorized design center in Netanya, Israel
also received certification.
In December 2004, we received the OHSAS 18001 certification from the
Standard Institution of Israel, which provides the framework of control for
Safety and Health. This certification covers all of our activities and
departments.
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In November 2005, we achieved ISO/TS 16949 certification from the UK-based
National Quality Association pertaining to the manufacturing processes, work
procedures and product performance meeting the requirements of the automotive
industry. This quality management system standard certification covers all our
departments and activities.
In March 2006, we achieved ISO 17799 certification from The Standards
Institution of Israel for the high quality of our security technology and
implementations, covering all our departments and activities.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. OPERATING RESULTS
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS SECTION SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND
RELATED NOTES AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT. OUR
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS HAVE BEEN PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERALLY ACCEPTED
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES ("GAAP") IN ISRAEL. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAELI GAAP AND
US GAAP AS THEY RELATE TO OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE DESCRIBED IN NOTE 19 TO
OUR AUDITED ANNUAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2006.
OVERVIEW
We are a pure-play independent specialty foundry dedicated to the
manufacture of semiconductors. Pure-play foundries do not offer any products of
their own, but focus on producing integrated circuits based on the design
specifications of their customers. We manufacture semiconductors using advanced
production processes for our customers primarily based on third party designs
and our own proprietary designs. We currently offer the manufacture of ICs with
geometries ranging from 1.0 to 0.13-micron.
Our primary source of our revenue is from the fabrication of ICs using CMOS
process technology. We are currently focused on the emerging opportunities
involving CMOS image sensors, embedded flash, mixed-signal, RFCMOS and RFID
technologies. ICs manufactured by us are incorporated into a wide range of
products in diverse markets, including consumer electronics, personal computer
and office equipment, communications, automotive, professional photography and
medical device products.
The primary customers for our products are fabless IC companies and IDMs. A
substantial portion of our product sales are made pursuant to long-term
contracts with our customers, under which we have agreed to reserve
manufacturing capacity at our production facilities. Our sales cycle is
generally 12-24 months for new customers and can be as short as 9-12 months for
existing customers. The typical stages in the sales process, from initial
contact until production are: technical evaluation; photomask design
specification; silicon prototyping; assembly and testing; validation and
qualification; and production.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we had seven significant customers
who contributed between 5% to 23% of our revenues. In 2005, we had five
significant customers who contributed between 5% to 22% of our revenues. In
2004, we had seven significant customers who contributed between 5% to 24% of
our revenues. In these years SanDisk was instrumental in ramping up our
business. While we currently expect that SanDisk will continue to be a
significant customer of Fab 2, additional customers are expected to commence or
increase their purchase orders following the qualification of their products in
Fab 2 during 2007.
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In addition to further developing our customer base, we have also made a
concentrated effort to expand the geographical diversity of our sales. The
percentage of our sales from customers located outside the United States was
31%, 36% and 40% in the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively. We believe that a substantial portion of our sales will continue
to come from customers located outside the United States.
Our company was founded in 1993, when we acquired National Semiconductor's
150-mm wafer fabrication facility, or Fab 1, and commenced operations as an
independent foundry. Since then, we have significantly modernized our Fab 1
facility, which has improved its process geometries from 1.0-micron to
0.35-micron and enhanced its process technologies to include CMOS image sensors,
embedded flash and mixed-signal technologies. We have also expanded our
production capacity in Fab 1 to approximately 16,000 wafers per month as of May
31, 2007, depending on process technology and product mix, to meet additional
customer demand. Fab 1 has been cash flow positive from operations since the
second quarter of 2002.
During the third quarter of 2003, we completed the construction of the
building and infrastructure of our second manufacturing facility, or Fab 2. Fab
2 is designed to operate in geometries of 0.18-micron and below, using advanced
materials and advanced CMOS technology licensed from Freescale and Toshiba, as
well as other technologies that we might acquire or develop independently. We
began volume production at Fab 2 during the third quarter of 2003. Production
capacity of Fab 2 as of May 31, 2007 was approximately 21,000 wafers per month.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
REVENUE RECOGNITION. In accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, our revenues are recognized upon shipment or as services are
rendered when title has been transferred, collectibility is reasonably assured
and acceptance criteria are satisfied, based on tests performed prior to
customer on-site testing. Prior to commencement of our production, both our
customers and our personnel test and pre-approve the prototype, on the basis of
which specifications and features the ordered products will be produced.
Electronic, functional and quality tests are performed on the products prior to
shipment and customer on-site testing. Such testing reliably demonstrates that
the products meet all of the specified criteria prior to formal customer
acceptance and that product performance upon customer on-site testing can
reasonably be expected to conform to the specified acceptance provisions. Our
revenue recognition policy is significant because our revenues are a key
component of our results of operations. We follow very specific and detailed
guidelines in measuring revenue; however an accrual for estimated returns, which
is computed primarily on the basis of historical experience, is recorded. Any
changes in assumptions for determining the accrual for returns and other factors
affecting revenue recognition may affect mainly the timing of our revenue
recognition and cause our operating results to vary from quarter to quarter.
Accordingly, our financial position and results of operations may be
affected. That effect, if any, under Israel GAAP and US GAAP would be similar.
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DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION . Depreciation and amortization expenses in
2006 amounted to $154.8 million. During the third quarter of 2003, we commenced
depreciating the Fab 2 property and equipment and amortizing the 0.18-micron
technology, based on the straight-line method. Currently, we estimate that the
expected economic life of the Fab 2 assets will be as follows: (i) prepaid
perpetual land lease and buildings (including facility infrastructure) - 14 to
25 years; (ii) machinery and equipment - five years; and (iii) the 0.18-micron
and 0.13 micron technology - four years, while amortization phases in commencing
on the dates on which each of the Fab 2 manufacturing lines is ready for its
intended use. We expect that the depreciation and amortization expenses relating
to Fab 2 facilities will be approximately $162 million in 2007. Changes in our
estimates regarding the expected economic life of Fab 2 assets, or a change in
the dates on which each of the Fab 2 manufacturing lines is ready for its
intended use, might affect our depreciation and amortization expenses. That
effect, if any, under Israel GAAP and US GAAP would be similar.
IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS. Standard No. 15, "Impairment of Assets," of the
Israeli Accounting Standards Board addresses the accounting treatment and
presentation of impairment of assets, and establishes procedures to be
implemented in order to ensure that assets are not presented in amounts
exceeding their recoverable value. The review of possible impairment charges was
performed based on our business plan, as was approved by our board of directors.
The business plan is based, among other things, on the future completion of the
construction and equipping of Fab 2 to reach full capacity. Application of
Standard 15 resulted in no impairment charges. According to US GAAP, for
example, under SFAS 144 and SFAS 142, recoverability tests are performed based
on undiscounted expected cash flows, SFAS 144 indicates that an asset's
recoverable value is the higher of the asset's net selling price and the asset's
value in use, the latter being equal to the asset's discounted expected cash
flows. While applying the provisions of SFAS 144 had no effect on our financial
position and results of operations, the use of different assumptions with
respect to the expected cash flows from our assets and with respect to other
economic variables, primarily the discount rate, may lead to different
conclusions regarding the recoverability of our assets' carrying values and to
the potential need to record an impairment loss for our long-lived assets.
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES. In January 2006, the company adopted Accounting
Standard No. 22 of the Israeli Accounting Standard Board - "Financial
Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation".
As of December 31, 2006, the Company issued three series of convertible
debentures that are considered compound instruments under this standard.
According to the Standard, a compound instrument has to be separated to its
components, the equity component and the liability component. The equity
component is classified as shareholders' equity and is determined as the excess
of the proceeds over the fair value of the liability component.
Under US GAAP the Company is required to determine whether the conversion
option embedded in the convertible debt should be bifurcated and accounted for
separately. Such determination is based on the determination whether on a stand
alone such conversion option would be classified in equity. If the option can be
classified as equity no bifurcation is required.
DEBT RESTRUCTURING. Under Israeli GAAP we accounted for the September 2006
amendment to the facility agreement as extinguishment and assumption of new debt
in accordance with provisions set forth in IAS 39 "Financial Instruments:
Recognition and Measurement". Under IAS 39, we accounted for the modification
under the September 2006 amendment as follows:
o The amount considered settled for shares and classified to equity is
based on the per share price as quoted at the closing date; such
amount totaled to approximately $76 million.
o The remaining balance, totaling approximately $435 million, is
considered to be substantially modified and thus treated as debt
extinguishment of the outstanding debt and the incurrence of a new
debt.
o The debt incurred is initially recognized at fair value, totaling
approximately $355 million.
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o The difference between the fair value of the debt incurred and the
outstanding debt (exclusive of the amount used as proceeds for the
share issuance in 1 above), totaling approximately $80 million, is
recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as a gain on
debt restructuring in the current period.
Under US GAAP, as of December 31, 2006, the debt modification under the
September 2006 Amendment is considered troubled debt restructuring within the
scope of SFAS No. 15 "Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled Debt
Restructurings" which requires the following: (i) the amount considered settled
for shares and classified in equity is based on the price per share as quoted at
the closing date; (ii) the remaining balance after deduction of the amount used
as proceeds for the share issuance in the first bullet above, will remain
outstanding; (iii) a new, lower effective interest rate will be calculated as
the interest rate that equates future payments to the outstanding balance; and
(iv) no gains or losses are recognized in the current period.
During the first quarter of 2007 we early adopted the provisions of SFAS
No. 159 "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities".
As required by the standard we concurrently adopted the provisions of SFAS 157
Fair Value Measurements. The adoption of the standard is effective January 1,
2007. According to the standard we can choose to carry at fair value eligible
items as defined in the standard, from the date of early adoption and
accordingly we decided to apply the fair value option to the facility agreement.
The effect of applying the fair value option to the facility agreement as of
January 1, 2007 has been recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained
earnings (no tax effects have been recorded).
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS UNDER US GAAP AS THEY APPLY TO US
SFAS NO. 123 (REVISED 2004) "SHARE BASED PAYMENTS". In December 2004, the
FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) "Share Based Payments" ("SFAS 123(R)").
This Statement is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation", which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees" and its authoritative interpretations.
SFAS 123(R) eliminates the alternative to use APB 25's intrinsic value
method of accounting that was allowed in SFAS 123 as originally issued and
requires to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an
award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The
fair-value-based method in this Statement is similar to the fair-value-based
method in SFAS 123 in most respects. The costs associated with the awards will
be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide
service in exchange for the award - the requisite service period (usually the
vesting period).
The provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to all awards granted by us on or after
January 1, 2006 and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after that
date. When initially applied the provisions of SFAS 123(R), in the first quarter
of 2006, we were required to elect between using either the "modified
prospective method" or the "modified retrospective method". Under the modified
prospective method, we were required to recognize compensation cost for all
awards granted after the adoption of SFAS 123(R) and for the unvested portion of
previously granted awards that were outstanding on that date. Under the modified
retrospective method, we were required to restate on previously issued financial
statements to recognize the amounts previously calculated and reported on a pro
forma basis, as if the original provisions of SFAS 123(R) had been adopted.
Under both methods, it is permitted to use either a straight line or an
accelerated method to amortize the cost as an expense for awards with graded
vesting. We elected the modified prospective method using graded vesting
amortization.
Based on the outstanding options as of December 31, 2006, the total
compensation to be amortized in 2007 is expected to be approximately $ 7.8
million.
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SFAS NO. 154, ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND ERROR CORRECTIONS. This statement,
published in May 2005, replaces APB Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes", and
FASB Statement No. 3, "Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial
Statements", and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting
of a change in accounting principles. This statement applies to all voluntary
changes in accounting principles, and to changes required by an accounting
pronouncement in the unusual instance that the pronouncement does not include
specific transition provisions.
FIN NO. 48. ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES. On July 13, 2006,
the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes - An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109" ("FIN 48"), which clarifies
the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This Interpretation requires
recognition in the financial statements of the impact of a tax position, if that
position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the
technical merits of the position. A tax position that meets the
more-likely-than-not recognition threshold shall initially and subsequently be
measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent
likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that
has full knowledge of all relevant information. Measurement of a tax position
that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold shall consider the
amounts and probabilities of the outcomes that could be realized upon ultimate
settlement using the facts, circumstances, and information available at the
reporting date.
The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the 2007 fiscal year with the
cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as an
adjustment to opening balance of retained earnings. FIN 48 did not have a
material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
SFAS NO. 157. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT. In September 2006, the FASB issued
SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements". SFAS No. 157 requires companies to
disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value
hierarchy as defined in the standard. Additionally, companies are required to
provide enhanced disclosure regarding financial instruments in one of the
categories (level 3), including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending
balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. The
purpose of SFAS No. 157 is to define fair value, establish a framework for
measuring fair value, and enhance disclosures about fair value measurements.
The Company decided to early adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 157 effective
January 1, 2007, concurrent with the adoption of SFAS 159 "The Fair Value Option
for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" as described below.
SFAS NO. 159, "THE FAIR VALUE OPTION FOR FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL
LIABILITIES". In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value
Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". SFAS No. 159 permits
companies to choose to measure certain financial instruments and certain other
items at fair value. The standard requires that unrealized gains and losses on
items for which the fair value option has been elected be reported in earnings.
SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of
fiscal year 2008, although earlier adoption is permitted. We decided to early
adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 159 effective January 1, 2007, and elected to
carry at fair value the Facility agreement.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS UNDER ISRAELI GAAP AS THEY APPLY TO US
ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 29 "ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING
STANDARDS". In July 2006, the Israeli Accounting Standards Board published
Accounting Standard No. 29 - "Adoption of International Financial Reporting
Standards- IFRS". According to the IAS No 29, an entity subject to the Israeli
Securities Law and authoritative Regulations thereunder (including dual listed
companies), excluding foreign corporations, that do not prepare their financial
statements in accordance with Israeli GAAP, as defined by this Law, will be
required to prepare financial statements in accordance with the IFRS and related
interpretations published by the International Accounting Standards Board, for
the reporting periods commencing January 1, 2008, including interim periods.
However, dual listed companies, such as our, will be required to prepare
financial statements in accordance with the IFRS or US GAAP. We are examining
these alternatives.
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An entity adopting IFRS as of January 1, 2008 and electing to report
comparative figures in accordance with the IFRS for only 2007, will be required
to prepare opening balance-sheet amounts as of January 1, 2007 based on the
IFRS.
Reporting in accordance with the IFRS will be carried out based on the
provisions of IFRS No. 1, "First-time Adoption of IFRS Standards", which
establishes guidance on implementing and transitioning from financial reporting
based on domestic national accounting standards to reporting in accordance with
IFRS.
IFRS No. 1 supersedes the transitional provisions established in other
IFRSs (including those established in former domestic national accounting
standards), stating that all IFRSs should be adopted retroactively for the
opening balance-sheet amounts. Nevertheless, IFRS No. 1 grants exemptions on
certain issues by allowing the alternative of not applying the retroactive
application in respect thereof.
ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 24 "SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS". In September 2005, the
Israeli Accounting Standards Board published Accounting Standard No. 24
"Share-Based Compensation", which calls for the recognition in the financial
statements of share-based payments, including transactions with employees, which
are to be settled by the payment of cash, by other assets, or by equity
instruments. Under IAS No. 24, amongst other matters, costs associated with
grants of shares and options to employees will be expensed over the vesting
period of each grant. Said costs will be determined based on the fair value of
the grants at each grant date. IAS No. 24 establishes guidelines for measuring
the fair value of each grant based on the settlement terms (either by cash or
equity instrument), and disclosure provisions.
IAS No. 24 is effective for financial statements for periods commencing
January 1, 2006 or thereafter. IAS No. 24 provides that with respect to
Share-based payments to be settled by equity instruments, its provisions should
be applied to all grants made after March 15, 2005, that are unvested as of
December 31, 2005. IAS No. 24 further provides that its provisions should be
applied to modifications that were made after March 15, 2005, even if the
underlying grants are not in the scope of the standard .
ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 26 "INVENTORY". In August 2006 the Israeli
Accounting Standards Board published Accounting Standard No. 26 - "Inventory",
which outlines the accounting treatment for inventory. The IAS No. 26 applies to
all types of inventory, other than buildings earmarked for sale and addressed by
Accounting Standard No. 2 "Construction of Buildings for Sale", inventory of
work in progress stemming from performance contracts, addressed by Accounting
Standard No. 4 "Work Based on Performance Contract's", and financial instruments
and biological assets relating to agricultural activity and agricultural
production during harvest.
IAS No. 26 establishes, among other things, that inventory should be stated
at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first
in, first out (FIFO) method or by average weighted cost used consistently for
all types of inventory of similar nature and uses. In certain circumstances the
standard requires cost determination by a specific identification of cost, which
includes all purchase and production costs, as well as any other costs incurred
in reaching the inventory's present stage.
- 38 -
When inventory is acquired on credit incorporating a financing component,
the inventory should then be presented at cost equaling the purchase cost in
cash. The financing component is recognized as a financing expense over the term
of the credit period.
Any reduction of inventory to net realizable value following impairment as
well as any other inventory loss should be expensed during the current period.
Subsequent reversal of an impairment write-down that stems from an increase in
net realizable value will be allocated to operations during the period in which
the reversal took place.
IAS No. 26 will apply to financial statements covering periods beginning
January 1, 2007 and onwards and should be implemented retroactively. The
Standard is not expected to affect our financial position, results of operations
and cash flows. [
ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 27 "FIXED ASSETS". In September 2006 the Israeli
Accounting Standards Board published Accounting Standard No. 27, which
establishes the accounting treatment for fixed assets, including recognition of
assets, determination of their book value, related depreciation, as well as the
disclosure required in the financial statements.
IAS No. 27 states that a fixed-asset item will be measured at the initial
recognition date at cost which includes, in addition to the purchase price, all
the related costs incurred for bringing the item to the position enabling it to
operate in the manner contemplated by management. The cost also includes the
initial estimate of costs required to dismantle and remove the item, along with
the expenses for restoration of the site on which the item had been placed and
in respect of which the entity incurred that obligation when the item had been
acquired or following its use over a given period of time not in the production
of inventory during that period.
IAS No. 27 also states that when acquiring assets in exchange for a
non-monetary asset or a combination of monetary as well as non-monetary assets,
the cost will be determined at fair value unless (a) the barter transaction has
no commercial substance or (b) it is impossible to reliably measure the fair
value of the asset received and the asset provided. Should the provided asset
not be measured at fair value, its cost would equal the book value of the asset
provided/transferred.
Following the initial recognition, the Standard permits the entity to
implement in its accounting policy the measurement of the fixed assets by the
cost method or by revaluation so long as this policy is implemented in regard to
all the items in that group.
Cost method - an item will be presented at cost less accumulated
depreciation, less accumulated impairment losses.
Revaluation method - an item whose fair value can be measured reliably will
be presented at its estimated amount, which equals its fair value at the
revaluation date, net of depreciation accumulated subsequently and less
accumulated impairment losses. Revaluations should take place on a current basis
in order to ensure that book value does not materially differ from the fair
value that would have been determined on the balance-sheet date. The revaluation
of a single item calls for the revaluation of the entire group and if the
asset's book value rises following this revaluation, this increase should be
allocated directly to shareholders' equity ("revaluation reserve").
Nevertheless, this increase will be recognized as an operating item up to the
amount offsetting the decrease from that asset's revaluation recognized
previously as income or loss. Should book value decline following revaluation,
this decline will be recognized as an operating item yet allocated directly to
shareholders' equity ("revaluation reserve") up to the amount leaving any credit
balance in that reserve in respect of that asset.
- 39 -
Any fixed assets with a significant cost in relation to the item's total
cost should be depreciated separately. Moreover, the depreciation method used
will be reviewed at least once at yearend and, if any meaningful change had
taken place in the estimated consumption of future economic benefits inherent in
the asset, the method should be modified to reflect such changes. This change
will be treated as a change in an accounting estimate.
This new standard will apply to financial statements covering periods
beginning January 1, 2007 and onwards and implemented retroactively. IAS No. 27
is not expected to affect our financial position or results of operations,
except for reclassification in the balance sheet and cash flows report of spare
parts from inventory to fixed assets.
In April 2007 the Israeli Accounting Standard Board published Standard No.
28 that amends Standard No. 27 to allow, at transition, the exemptions allowed
under IFRS 1 regarding fixed assets.
STANDARD NO. 23, "ACCOUNTING FOR TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN AN ENTITY AND A
CONTROLLING PARTY". In December 2006 the Israeli Accounting Standards Board
published Accounting Standard No. 23, "Accounting for Transactions between an
Entity and a Controlling Party. IAS No. 23 applies to entities subject to the
Israeli Securities Law-1968.
IAS No. 23 establishes the requirements for accounting for transactions
between an entity and its controlling party which involve the transposition of
an asset, the taking on of a liability, reimbursement or debt concession, and
the receiving of loans. IAS No. 23 does not apply to business combinations under
common control.
IAS No. 23 stipulates that transactions between an entity and a controlling
party will be measured based on fair value; transactions which in nature are
owner investment should be reported directly in equity and not be recognized in
the controlled entity's profit and loss; the differences between the
consideration set in transactions between an entity and a controlling party and
their fair value will be allocated directly to the equity; and current and
deferred taxes pertaining to the items allocated to equity due to transactions
with controlling parties will be allocated directly to equity as well.
IAS No. 23 is effective for transactions between an entity and a
controlling party taking place subsequent to January 1, 2007 and for loans
granted from or given to a controlling party prior to the standard's coming into
effect, starting on the standard's effective date. IAS No. 23 is not expected to
affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 30 - "INTANGIBLE ASSETS". In March 2007, The
Israeli Accounting Standards Board published Accounting Standard No. 30,
"Intangible Assets", which sets the accounting treatment for Intangible Assets
that are not covered by any other standard, as well as the disclosure
requirements in the financial statements for the entity's Intangible Assets.
An intangible asset shall be measured initially at cost. Expenditures
arising from research (or from the research phase of an internal project) shall
not be recognized as an asset and should be expensed when incurred. An
intangible asset arising from development (or from the development phase of an
internal project) shall be recognized if, and only if, the criteria for
recognition as an intangible asset in the standard are met. Expenditure on an
intangible item that was not recognized initially, shall not be recognized as
part of the cost of an intangible asset at a later date.
- 40 -
After initial recognition, an entity may choose to measure intangible asset
at its cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment
losses, or for an intangible asset that have an active market, as defined in the
standard, may be carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date
of the revaluation less any subsequent accumulated amortization and any
subsequent accumulated impairment losses. An entity shall assess whether the
useful life of an intangible asset is finite or indefinite. The amortization of
an intangible asset with a finite useful life shall be over its useful life
using a systematic basis. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life
shall not be amortized. Instead, an entity is required to test an intangible
asset with an indefinite useful life for impairment in a manner similar to the
method prescribed in Standard No. 15, annually, or whenever there is an
indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.
IAS No. 30 applies apply to financial statements for annual periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2007. IAS No. 30 is not expected to affect our
financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial
condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements
and the related notes thereto included in this annual report. The following
table sets forth certain statement of operations data as a percentage of total
revenues for the years indicated.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
----- ------ -----
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Total revenues 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of total revenues 142.7 233.7 181.2
----- ------ ------
Gross loss (42.7) (133.7) (81.2)
Research and development 8 15.7 13.5
Marketing, general and administrative 13.1 17.1 16.9
----- ------ ------
Operating loss (63.8) (166.5) (111.6)
Financing expense, net (25.7) (35.0) (23.6)
Gain on debt restructuring 42.7 -- --
Other income (expense), net 0.3 2.34 25.9
----- ------ ------
Loss (46.5)% (199.1)% (109.3)%
===== ====== ======
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
REVENUES. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 83.8%
to $187.4 million from $102 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This
$85.4 million increase was mainly attributable to an increase in our customer
base and higher volume of wafer shipments offset by $8 million recorded for the
year ended December 31, 2005 from a previously announced technology-related
agreement.
COST OF TOTAL REVENUES. Cost of total revenues for the year ended December
31, 2006 amounted to $267.4 million, compared with $238.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005. This 12.2% modest increase in cost of revenues, despite
the 83.8% increase in revenues, was achieved mainly due to previously announced
cost reductions and efficiency measures taken by the Company and the Company's
cost structure, according to which, the Company has high net margins for each
marginal additional sum of revenue.
GROSS LOSS. Gross loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $80.0
million compared to a gross loss of $136.4 million for the year ended December
31, 2005. The decrease in gross loss was mainly attributable to the increase in
revenues and previously announced cost reductions and efficiency measures taken
by the Company and the Company's cost structure, according to which, the Company
has high net margins for each marginal additional sum of revenue.
- 41 -
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses for the year
ended December 31, 2006 decreased to $15.0 million from $16.0 million for the
year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease was mainly attributable to previously
announced cost reductions and efficiency measures taken by the Company. Research
and development expenses are reflected net of participation grants received from
the Israeli government.
MARKETING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. Marketing, general and
administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased to $24.5
million from $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily due
to stock based compensation expenses recorded for the first time with the
adoption of Standard No. 24 and increased sales commissions attributable to the
higher revenues mentioned above.
OPERATING LOSS. Operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 was
$119.4 million, compared to $169.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
The decrease in the operating loss is attributable mainly to the decrease in the
gross loss described above and the Company's cost structure, according to which,
the Company has high net margins for each marginal additional sum of revenue.
FINANCING EXPENSES, NET. Financing expenses, net for the year ended
December 31, 2006 were $48.1 million compared to financing expenses, net of
$35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase is mainly due
to an increase of $9.2 million in costs related to our convertible debentures
attributable mainly to the: (i) $5.9 million increase in the discount
amortization and interest expenses resulting mainly from the issuance of two new
series of convertible debentures (in December 2005 and June 2006) and (ii) the
weakening in 2006 of the NIS/dollar exchange rate which caused an increase in
the dollar amount of the NIS denominated outstanding convertible debt, resulting
in an annual increase of $4.8 million in expenses (see below for more details on
currency fluctuations).
GAIN ON DEBT RESTRUCTURING. Gain on debt restructuring for the year ended
December 31, 2006 was $80.1 million. This one-time gain resulted from the
successful consummation of our debt restructuring with our banks, which was
closed in the third quarter of 2006.
OTHER INCOME, NET. Other income, net, for the year ended December 31, 2006
was $0.6 million compared to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005,
mainly due to a lower capital gain, net, from sale and disposal of equipment.
LOSS. Our loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $86.9 million,
compared to $203.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease
is primarily attributable to the $80.1 million gain on debt restructuring and a
decrease of $50.4 million in the operating loss described above, offset by the
$12.5 million increase in financing expenses described above.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
TOTAL REVENUES. Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005
decreased by 19.1% to $102.0 million from $126.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This $24.1 million decrease was mainly attributable to lower
volume of wafer shipments, which was partly offset by increased revenues from a
joint development agreement for certain technology with a Japanese semiconductor
manufacturer.
- 42 -
COST OF TOTAL REVENUES. Cost of total revenues in the year ended December
31, 2005 amounted to $238.4 million, compared with $228.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 2004. This increase was mainly due to an increase in
depreciation and amortization expenses which was partly offset by cost
reductions and efficiency measures taken by us.
GROSS LOSS. Gross loss in the year ended December 31, 2005 was $136.4
million compared to a gross loss of $102.4 million for the year ended December
31, 2004. The increase in gross loss was mainly attributable to the decrease in
total revenues and to the increased cost of total revenues.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses for the year
ended December 31, 2005 decreased to $16.0 million from $17.1 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004. The decrease was mainly attributable to cost
reductions and efficiency measures taken by us. Research and development
expenses are reflected net of participation grants received from the Israeli
government ($1.0 million and $1.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2005
and 2004, respectively).
MARKETING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATION. Marketing, general and
administrative expenses in the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased to $17.4
million from $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due
to cost reductions and efficiency measures taken by us.
OPERATING LOSS. Operating loss in the year ended December 31, 2005 was
$169.8 million, compared to $140.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004.
The increase in the operating loss is attributable mainly to the increase in the
gross loss.
FINANCING EXPENSES, NET. Financing expenses, net in the year ended December
31, 2005 were $35.7 million compared to financing expenses, net of $29.8 million
for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase is mainly due to an increase
of $7.6 million in connection with our Fab 2 credit facility agreement
attributable to (i) a higher amount of long-term loans which financed the
construction and equipping of Fab 2 during the year ended December 31, 2005 as
compared to the amount of such long-term loans during the year ended December
31, 2004, and (ii) an increase in the LIBOR rate from an average of
approximately 1.5% per annum for the year ended December 31, 2004 to an average
of approximately 3.3% per annum for the year ended December 31, 2005 (our
long-term loans bear interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.5% per annum).
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET. Other income, net for the year ended December
31, 2005 was $2.4 million compared to $32.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2004. This decrease was mainly attributable to the $32.4 million gain from
the sale of the Saifun Semiconductor shares in 2004.
LOSS. Our loss in the year ended December 31, 2005 was $203.1 million,
compared to $137.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase
is primarily attributable to the increase in the operating loss of $29.1
million, the increase in financing expenses, net of $5.9 million, and the
decrease in other income, net of $30.3 million.
IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS
The dollar cost of our operations in Israel is influenced by the timing of
any change in the rate of inflation in Israel and the extent to which such
change is not offset by the change in valuation of the NIS in relation to the
dollar. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the exchange rate of the dollar
in relation to the NIS decreased by 8.2%, and the Israeli Consumer Price Index,
or CPI, decreased by 0.1% (during the year ended December 31, 2005 there was an
increase of 6.8% in the exchange rate of the dollar in relation to the NIS and
an increase of 2.4% in the CPI).
We believe that the rate of inflation in Israel has not had a material
effect on our business to date. However, our dollar costs will increase if
inflation in Israel exceeds the devaluation of the NIS against the dollar, or if
the timing of such devaluation lags behind inflation in Israel.
- 43 -
Almost all of the cash generated from our operations and from our financing
and investing activities is denominated in US dollars and NIS. Our expenses and
costs are denominated in NIS, US dollars, Japanese Yen and Euros. We are,
therefore, exposed to the risk of currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Our borrowings under our Fab 2 credit facility, which comprise the majority
of our long-term liabilities, provide for interest based on a floating Libor
rate, and we are therefore exposed to interest rate fluctuations. From time to
time, we engage in various hedging strategies to reduce our exposure to some,
but not all, of these risks and intend to continue to do so in the future.
However, despite any such hedging activity, we are likely to remain exposed to
interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations, which may increase the
cost of our business activities, particularly our financing expenses.
Our 2002 and 2006 convertible debentures are denominated in NIS linked to
the Israeli CPI and therefore we are exposed to fluctuation in the NIS/dollar
exchange rate. The dollar amount of our financing costs (interest and currency
adjustments) related to the 2002 and 2006 convertible debentures will increase
if the rate of inflation in Israel is not offset (or is offset on a lagging
basis) by the devaluation of the NIS in relation to the dollar. In addition, the
dollar amount of any repayment on account of the principal of the 2002 and 2006
convertible debentures will increase as well.
The quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are in Item
11 of this annual report.
B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 2006, we had an aggregate of $40.9 million in cash, cash
equivalents and short term interest bearing deposits. This compares to $39.0
million we had as of December 31, 2005 in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term
interest-bearing deposits of which $22.0 million was contractually restricted
for Fab 2 use only and $9.6 million was contractually restricted for exclusive
use in the Siliconix project.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we received $18.3 million from
long term loans, $100.0 million from the issuance of equity equivalent capital
notes, $58.8 million from the issuance of convertible debentures, net, $3.7
million from the exercise of warrants, $17.5 million from the issuance of
ordinary shares, $5.2 million from Investment Center grants and $0.6 million
from the sale and disposal of property and equipment. We utilized the proceeds
of these transactions to fund our operating activities (net amount of $45.5
million) and our investments made during the year ($150.2 million), mainly in
connection with the construction, purchase and installation of equipment and
other assets for Fab 2 and our repayment of convertible debentures in the amount
of $6.5 million.
As of December 31, 2006, we had long-term loans, at present value, in the
amount of $356.9 million which we obtained in connection with the establishment
of Fab 2. As of such date, we had outstanding, in the aggregate, convertible
debentures with par value of $98.4 million, of which $6.6 million are presented
as current maturities and $20.2 million of the proceeds were allocated and are
presented as equity component of the convertible debentures as part of the
shareholders' equity.
In recent years, the Company has experienced significant recurring losses,
recurring negative cash flows from operating activities and an increasing
accumulated deficit.
The Company has been working to mitigate its financial difficulties in
various ways. During the second half of 2005 and during 2006, the Company
increased its customer base, mainly in Fab 2, modified its organizational
structure to better address its customers and its market positioning, improved
its sales, EBITDA and cash flows from operations, reduced its losses, increased
its Fab 2 capacity level and utilization rates, raised funds totaling
approximately $209 million in gross proceeds and restructured its bank debt. In
2007, we raised an additional $69 million in gross proceeds, $40 million of
which is in escrow as described above. See "Item 4. - Recent Developments".
- 44 -
During the third quarter of 2003, Fab 2 commenced operations. In March
2006, our board of directors approved a plan to increase Fab 2 production
capacity to approximately 24,000 wafers per month. To support the plan, an
estimated approximately $150 million was needed, all of which was raised during
the remainder of the year, enabling us to begin implementation of the plan. See
"- Fab 2 Agreements" below for a discussion of Fab 2 financing arrangements. As
of May 31, 2007, Fab 2 production capacity was approximately 21,000 wafers per
month.
Assuming we are successful in registering the securities we issued in our
June 2007 private placement for trade in Israel (See "Item 4. - Recent
Developments"), we currently expect to have sufficient liquidity at least until
the end of 2007 to meet our short-term activities and liabilities. If we are not
successful, we will be required to raise alternative funds in order to meet our
short-term activities and liabilities, which may include grants from the
Investment Center, sales of our equity and/or debt securities, wafer prepayments
from our customers or increased cash flow from operations.
We anticipate full production capacity of Fab 2 to be approximately 40,000
wafers per month. To achieve full capacity, we currently estimate that we will
require an additional up to approximately $120 million including the
approximately $40 million raised in our June 2007 private placement (see Item 4
-"Recent Developments"). In June 2007, the Company accepted orders for
approximately $40 million in principal amount of bonds and warrants, the
proceeds of which are being held in escrow pending effectiveness of a prospectus
to be filed with the Israel Securities Authority and are intended be used to
expand Fab 2 production capacity beyond the 24,000 wafer per month level. See
"-Item 4 -"Recent Developments and "Fab 2 Agreements - Public Offerings and
Private Placements". The Company is currently examining alternatives for
additional funding sources in order to further ramp-up the equipping of Fab 2
and to fund its short-term activities and liabilities. While we have no
arrangements in place, potential funding sources include, without limitation,
additional grants from the Investment Center, sales of our equity and/or debt
securities, wafer prepayments from our customers and cash flow from operations.
FAB 2 AGREEMENTS
WAFER PARTNER AGREEMENTS.
During 2000, we entered into a series of agreements with four wafer
partners: SanDisk Corporation, Alliance Semiconductor, Macronix International
and QuickLogic Corporation. The wafer partners agreed to invest $250 million in
our company; SanDisk, Alliance and Macronix each committed to invest $75
million, and QuickLogic committed to invest $25 million in exchange for our
ordinary shares and credits towards the purchase of wafers from Fab 2 under the
terms set forth in the agreements. We also agreed to reserve approximately 50%
of Fab 2's capacity for our wafer partners for a 10-year period ending in
January 2011, including during the ramp-up of Fab 2. In addition, these
agreements generally provide for a five percent discount on wafer purchases made
by the wafer partners of up to 80% of the maximum Fab 2 wafer fabrication
capacity committed to the wafer partners, subject to minimum holdings of our
ordinary shares. These agreements (and the agreements with our financial
investors) were amended a number of times.
In August 2006, we signed agreements with SanDisk in connection with the
expansion of our 0.13 micron manufacturing capacity. SanDisk committed to
purchase, upon such expansion, volume quantities of 0.13 micron wafers during
2007 and 2008 and has a right of first refusal on the use of this extra capacity
in 2009. We also signed a Loan Agreement under which we borrowed approximately
$10 million from SanDisk for the purpose of financing the purchase of the
equipment needed for the expansion. The loan is to be repaid with interest on
the amounts outstanding at any time under the loan at LIBOR plus 1.1% over eight
consecutive quarters. Pursuant to the agreement, in order to secure the
repayment of the loan, we granted SanDisk a first ranking charge on the
equipment purchased with the loan proceeds.
- 45 -
WAFER CREDITS. In connection with their investments in Fab 2, we issued to
our wafer partners non-transferable credits that may be used to reduce the cash
amounts to be paid by them when paying for wafers manufactured in Fab 2. These
credits could generally be used at a rate of 7.5% for purchases made through
June 2005 and 15% for purchases made thereafter. Our major wafer partners,
SanDisk, Alliance and Macronix, agreed that they will not utilize any of their
credits, for purchase orders of our wafer products until December 31, 2006. For
orders placed from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2006, each major wafer
partner was entitled, every quarter, to convert into our ordinary shares its
wafer credits that could have been utilized by such wafer partner against the
actual payment of wafers manufactured at Fab 2 during such quarter; otherwise,
these credits will bear interest payable every quarter at three-month LIBOR plus
2.5% through December 31, 2007. On December 31, 2007, subject to the amendment
with one of the primary wafer partners which closed in 2006, as detailed below,
the remaining wafer credits that could have been utilized during this period
that have not been converted into shares will be repaid to all of our major
wafer partners. Should the wafer partners elect to convert their wafer credits
into our ordinary shares, they will be issued ordinary shares at the average
trading price of our ordinary shares during the 15 consecutive trading days
preceding the last day of the relevant quarter. As of May 31, 2007,
approximately $14 million of wafer credits had been converted into an aggregate
of 8.6 million ordinary shares and we expect that an additional approximately
$2.7 million in wafer credits will be converted into our ordinary shares.
In 2006, we and one of the primary wafer partners, entered into an
agreement to extend the period in which long-term customer's advances could not
be utilized against purchases, to December 31, 2009. According to the agreement,
with respect to certain orders placed until July 2006, and all orders placed
thereafter through December 2009, such unutilized advances that could have been
utilized by such wafer partner but for the agreement, will bear interest at an
annual rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 1.1%, payable at the end of each
quarter, through December 31, 2009.
All of the ordinary shares issued to our wafer partners and Israel Corp. in
connection with their committed investments are subject to registration rights
and pursuant to a shareholders agreement amongst SanDisk, Alliance
Semiconductor, Israel Corp. and Macronix, restrictions on transfer.
See Note 11A(4) to our audited annual consolidated financial statements.
CREDIT FACILITY
In January 2001, we entered into a credit facility with two leading Israeli
banks, Bank Hapoalim and Bank Leumi, pursuant to which the banks committed to
make available to us up to $550 million in loans for Fab 2. As a result of our
reduction of the total project cost of Fab 2 through the renegotiation of
equipment prices and a change of equipment suppliers, in January 2002, we and
our banks agreed to amend the credit facility such that the total amount of
loans committed by the banks was reduced to $500 million. Of that amount, we
withdrew an aggregate of $497 million. Under the original terms of the Facility
Agreement the loans bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.55% per annum
payable at the end of each quarter. In July 2005, we entered into a definitive
amendment to our facility agreement with our banks which provided, among other
things, for our banks to provide additional financing of up to approximately $30
million. We borrowed such additional $30 million pursuant to the July 2005
amendment.
- 46 -
2006 AMENDMENT TO OUR FACILITY AGREEMENT. As part of the financing efforts
for the ramp-up plan to increase Fab 2's capacity to 24,000 wafers per month, in
September 2006, we closed a definitive amendment to the credit facility with our
banks for the refinancing of the approximately $526.7 million of long-term debt
outstanding thereunder. Pursuant to the amendment, among other things: (i) $158
million, representing 30% of such debt, was converted into capital notes, with a
face amount of $79 million, that are convertible into 51,973,684 of our ordinary
shares, at a conversion price per share of $1.52; (ii) the interest rate
applicable to the quarterly actual interest payment on the loans was reduced by
1.4%, from LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum to LIBOR plus 1.1% per annum, effective May
2006; (iii) the commencement date for the repayment of the outstanding loans,
which following the conversion are approximately $369 million, was postponed
from July 2007 to September 2009, such that the loans shall be repaid in 12
quarterly installments between September 2009 and June 2012; (iv) the exercise
periods of the warrants held by the Banks immediately prior to the signing of
the September 2006 amendment, were extended such that they are exercisable until
September 2011, five years from the closing of the September 2006 amendment; and
(v) the financial ratios and covenants that the Company is to satisfy were
revised to be inline with the Company's May 2006 working plan.
To compensate the banks for the reduction in interest payments, we agreed
to issue to the banks an additional number of shares (or equity equivalent
capital notes or convertible debentures) on or about December 31, 2010,
calculated based on the amount of decreased interest payments as set forth in
the amendment. The amounts payable in securities of the Company may be payable
in cash under certain circumstances and may be reduced in the event the Company
prepays any part of the outstanding loans.
In connection with the amendment to the facility agreement, Israel Corp.
invested $100 million in consideration for a capital note, convertible into
65,789,474 of our ordinary shares, at a price per share of $1.52; See below.
COMPLIANCE WITH FINANCIAL RATIOS AND COVENANTS.
Under the terms of the amended facility agreement, we must also meet
certain financial ratios, including mainly financial covenants relating to our
quarterly sales, our quarterly earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization (quarterly EBITDA), our "life of loan coverage ratio" (which is the
ratio of our Fab 2 net cash flow to our total debt related to Fab 2 in any
quarter), our ratio of debt to EBITDA and our ratio of equity to assets. Under
the terms of the amended facility agreement, satisfying these financial ratios
and covenants is a material provision.
As of May 31, 2007, the Company was in full compliance with all of the
financial ratios and covenants under the amended Facility Agreement.
According to the Facility Agreement, satisfying the financial ratios and
covenants is a material provision. The amended Facility Agreement provides that
if, as a result of any default, the Banks were to accelerate the Company's
obligations, the Company would be obligated, among other matters, to immediately
repay all loans made by the Banks (which as of the balance sheet date amounted
to approximately $369 million) plus penalties, and the Banks would be entitled
to exercise the remedies available to them under the Facility Agreement,
including enforcement of their liens against all of the Company's assets.
Under the terms of the amended facility agreement, (i) there are
limitations on changes of ownership which generally require that, (a) until such
time that more than 50% of our current outstanding loans have been repaid,
Israel Corp. hold approximately 32.2 million of our ordinary shares (including
shares issuable upon conversion of our convertible debentures) and thereafter
hold approximately 14 million of our ordinary shares, and (b) our three largest
wafer partners together hold approximately 60% of the shares held by them in
January 2006 (with such amount being reduced under certain circumstances); (ii)
TIC and our three largest wafer partners nominate a majority of our board of
directors, subject to exceptions; and (iii) additional conditions and covenants,
including restrictions on incurring debt and a prohibition on the distribution
of dividends.
- 47 -
Our amended credit facility further provides that upon certain triggering
events (such as the commencement of bankruptcy or receivership, proceedings
against us ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction or the prior
determination of an arbitrator that bankruptcy or receivership proceedings would
be issued by a court against us were a petition to be filed with a court seeking
reorganization or arrangement under applicable bankruptcy law or our requesting
creditor protection), our banks will be able to bring a firm offer made by a
potential investor to purchase our shares at the price provided in the offer. In
such case, we shall be required thereafter to procure a rights offering to
invest up to 60% of the amount of this offer on the same terms. If the offeror
intends to purchase a majority of our outstanding share capital, the rights
offering will be limited to allow for this, unless Israel Corp. and the wafer
partners (excluding QuickLogic) agree to exercise in a rights offering rights
applicable to their shareholdings and agree to purchase in a private placement
enough shares to ensure that the full amount of the offer is invested.
In January 2001, we also issued the banks warrants to purchase an aggregate
of 400,000 ordinary shares at a purchase price of $6.20 per share, which expired
in January 2006. In December 2003, pursuant to the November 11, 2003 amendment
to the credit facility, we issued our banks additional five year warrants to
purchase an aggregate of 896,596 ordinary shares at a purchase price of $6.17
per share, exercisable until December 2008. In connection with the July 2005
amendment to the credit facility, we issued our banks five year warrants to
purchase an aggregate of 8,264,464 ordinary shares at a purchase price of $1.21
per share. As described above, under the terms of the September 2006 amendment
to our facility agreement, all of the banks' warrants expire in September 2011.
For more information on our credit facility, see Note 11A(6) to our audited
annual consolidated financial statements.
INVESTMENT BY ISRAEL CORPORATION.
In order to implement the ramp-up plan to increase Fab 2's capacity to
24,000 wafers per month in a timely manner, in May 2006, we entered into an
Equipment Purchase Agreement with Israel Corporation Ltd. ("TIC" or "Israel
Corporation") according to which TIC would order up to approximately $100
million worth of equipment for Fab 2. Under the terms of the Equipment Purchase
Agreement: (i) TIC had the right to sell to us the equipment at cost, plus
related expenses; (ii) we had the right to purchase the equipment from TIC at
cost, plus related expenses, subject to our having raised $100 million; and
(iii) upon the purchase of the equipment from TIC we would assume TIC's
obligations to the equipment suppliers.
In regard to our financing efforts for such ramp-up plan to increase Fab
2's capacity to 24,000 wafers per month and in connection with the September
2006 amendment to the Facility Agreement, in August 2006, we entered into a
securities purchase agreement with TIC. The principal terms of the Securities
Purchase Agreement were: (i) in consideration for its $100 million investment,
we issued to TIC capital notes convertible, for no additional consideration,
into 65,789,474 of our Ordinary Shares at a conversion price per share of $1.52;
(ii) we would be deemed to have exercised the call option under the Equipment
Purchase Agreement described above; and (iii) we and TIC would settle the
amounts payable by TIC under the Securities Purchase Agreement with the amounts
payable by us under the Equipment Purchase Agreement. The Securities Purchase
Agreement closed contemporaneously with the closing of the September 2006
amendment to our facility agreement.
- 48 -
Upon the closing of the September 2006 amendment to our facility agreement
and the Securities Purchase Agreement, TIC transferred ownership of the
purchased equipment to us and we assumed TIC's obligations to the equipment
suppliers.
See Note 11A(5) to our audited annual consolidated financial statements.
JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT
In May 2002, we entered into an agreement for the joint development of
0.18-micron embedded microFLASH technology with a Japanese manufacturer. The
Japanese manufacturer granted to us the non-exclusive right to utilize, on a
royalty-free basis, our jointly developed technology, which is based on its
0.18-micron process technology, for foundry services and for the manufacture and
sale of our own proprietary products. We granted the Japanese manufacturer a
royalty-free, non-exclusive license with respect to our microFLASH technology
for manufacturing semiconductor devices that utilize our jointly developed
technology for its own semiconductor business.
In April 2005, the Japanese manufacturer elected, and we agreed, to cease
the joint development of certain technology and to terminate the agreement.
According to the terms of the termination agreement, the Japanese manufacturer
paid us, net of deducted tax, $2.25 million. Revenues for 2005 include $8
million generated by the termination of the agreement. In addition, each party
expressly released the other party from any obligations or liabilities of any
nature in connection with the joint development agreement. The license rights
granted to the parties continue pursuant to the terms of the original agreement.
INVESTMENT CENTER GRANTS
In December 2000, the Israeli government's Investment Center approved an
investment program in connection with Fab 2. The approval certificate provides
for government grants equal to 20% of qualified investments up to $1.25 billion
(i.e., up to $250 million), subject to customary conditions and other
conditions, including a requirement that approximately 30% of our Fab 2 funding
consist of paid-in-capital and that $550 million of our Fab 2 funding be
obtained by way of a credit facility from commercial banks (which amount was
subsequently reduced to $500 million with the consent of the Investment Center).
We have registered a lien on our assets for the benefit of the Investment Center
which ranks subordinate to that of our banks. The approval certificate also
provides for a tax holiday on all taxable income related to Fab 2 for the first
two years of undistributed profitable operations. As of May 31, 2007, we had
received $165 million in grants from the Investment Center, and satisfied in
full the 30% requirement described above. As long as we comply with the terms of
our approval certificate, we are not required to make royalty payments or any
other payments under the terms of our Investment Center grants.
To be eligible to receive grants, we are required to invest minimum amounts
on an annual basis. We notified the Investment Center of our reduced rate of
annual investments and in July 2004, we received approval of our revised
investment schedule from the Investment Center. Our not completing investments
in an amount of $1.25 billion by the end of 2005 may permit the Investment
Center to require us to repay all or a portion of grants already received.
Israeli law limits the ability of the Investment Center to extend this time
limitation, unless approved through an expansion program. We have been holding
discussions with the Investment Center to achieve satisfactory arrangements to
approve our request for a new expansion program effective as of January 1, 2006.
As of May 31, 2007, the Company's management cannot estimate when, if at all,
the Company will receive approval of its request for a new expansion program.
There can be no assurance that we will obtain the Investment Center's approval
for the new expansion program and we cannot estimate the outcome of our efforts
to obtain such approval. See Item 3. Key Information -- Risk Factors -- Risks
Affecting Our Business "Risk Factors -- If the Investment Center of the Israeli
Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor, or Investment Center, will not approve
our request for a new expansion program . . ."
- 49 -
PUBLIC OFFERINGS AND PRIVATE PLACEMENTS
Set forth below is a description of public and private offerings of
securities completed by us since inception of our financing activity for Fab 2.
For further description, including the accounting treatment for certain of these
transactions, see Note 12 [F] - 12 [K] of our audited consolidated financial
statements.
UNIT OFFERING 2002. In January 2002, we completed a sale of units in
Israel, composed of NIS 110,579,800 principal amount of convertible unsecured
subordinated debentures and 2,211,596 options, resulting in net proceeds of
approximately $21.5 million. Each debenture is NIS 1 in principal amount, and is
adjusted to reflect increases in the Israeli Consumer Price Index and bears
interest at a rate of 4.7% per annum, payable yearly commencing January 20,
2003. Principal is payable in four installments beginning in January of 2006
through 2009. Prior to December 31, 2008, the debentures are convertible into
ordinary shares at a conversion rate of one ordinary share per NIS 41 principal
amount of debentures linked to the Israel Consumer Price Index. Each option was
exercisable into one ordinary share until January 20, 2006 at an exercise price
of NIS 39, linked to the Israel Consumer Price Index. All options expired and
none have been exercised.
RIGHTS OFFERING 2002. In September 2002, we distributed to our shareholders
and certain of our employees in Israel and the United States rights to purchase
ordinary shares and warrants to purchase our ordinary shares. Substantially all
of the rights exercised in connection with the rights offering were exercised by
Israel Corp. and our major wafer partners. The rights offering resulted in net
proceeds of approximately $19.7 million.
UNDERWRITTEN PUBLIC OFFERING. In January 2004, we completed an underwritten
public offering in the United States of 11.44 million of our ordinary shares at
a price to the public of $7.00 per share. The underwritten public offering
resulted in net proceeds of approximately $75.1 million.
RIGHTS OFFERING 2005. In December 2005, we distributed in the United States
and Israel transferable rights to purchase up to $50 million US dollar
denominated debentures that are convertible into up to approximately 45.5
million of our ordinary shares. In connection with the exercise of these rights,
through January 2006, we issued, in the aggregate, 48.2 million convertible
debentures, with each debenture of $1.00 in principal amount, or a total of
$48.2 million principal amount of debentures, which bear annual interest at the
rate of 5%. The principal of the debentures, together with accrued interest, is
payable in one installment on January 12, 2012. The debentures are convertible
into our ordinary shares at a rate of one ordinary share per $1.10 aggregate
principal amount of debentures. The debentures contained a price protection
antidilution provision, which expired in December 2006 without having been
triggered. Subject to the terms of our facility agreement, we may at our option
announce the early redemption of the debentures, provided that the outstanding
aggregate balance of principal on account of the debentures is equal to or less
than $500,000. The debentures and interest thereon are unsecured and rank behind
our existing and future secured indebtedness. For more information, see Note 12I
to our audited annual consolidated financial statements.
PUBLIC OFFERING 2006. In June 2006, we completed an underwritten public
offering of our securities on the TASE in Israel resulting in gross proceeds of
approximately NIS 140 million (approximately $31 million). In the offering,
78,000 Units were sold at a price per Unit of NIS 1,785 (approximately $400).
Each Unit consisted of (i) convertible debentures in the face amount of NIS
2,100 (approximately $470), (ii) five options each exercisable for three months
for NIS 100 principal amount of convertible debentures at an exercise price
equal to 85% of their face amount linked to the Israeli Consumer Price Index
("CPI") , (iii) 140 warrants each exercisable for three months for one ordinary
share at a price of NIS 6.75 (approximately $1.67) linked to the CPI and (iv) 70
warrants each exercisable for three years for one ordinary share at a price of
NIS 7.40 (approximately $1.83), linked to the CPI. In addition, the Company
issued 300 such units in consideration for NIS 526,000 (approximately $$117,000)
through a private placement to its market maker in connection with the offering.
The options and warrants described in (ii) and (iii) above expired in September
2006 and the warrants described in (iv) above expire on June 28, 2009. The
convertible debentures are convertible into ordinary shares at a conversion rate
of one ordinary share per NIS 8.40 (approximately $2.00) principal amount of
convertible debentures. The convertible debentures carry a zero coupon with
principal payable at maturity in December 2011, at a premium of 37% over face
value, linked to the Israeli Consumer Price Index (CPI). The conversion price is
subject to reduction in certain limited circumstances.
- 50 -
PRIVATE PLACEMENT 2006. In November 2006, we sold to Israeli investors in
private placements: (i) 58,150 units, each comprised of 100 ordinary shares and
50 warrants ("Series 5 Warrants"), which were sold at a price of NIS 759
(approximately $177) per unit and (ii) 58,000 units, each comprised of 100
ordinary shares and 40 Series 5 Warrants, which were sold at a price of NIS 850
(approximately $198) per unit. The price of the ordinary shares included in the
units was equal to the closing price of our shares on the Tel-Aviv Stock
Exchange prior to each of the relevant private placements. Total immediate gross
proceeds amounted to approximately $22 million.
Under Israeli securities laws, the securities were subject to a statutory
lock-up, which has since terminated following publication of a prospectus in
December 2006 filed with the Israel Securities Authority. Each of the Series 5
Warrants is exercisable at any time during a period of four years ending in
December 2010 at a price per share equal to a 25% premium to the market price of
the Company's shares at the date the prospectus is published. As of December 28,
2006, following the publication of the prospectus, the exercise price was
finalized and determined to be NIS 9.48 (approximately $2.35) linked to the CPI.
US INSTITUTIONAL PLACEMENT 2007. In March 2007, we completed a private
placement of our securities in which we sold ordinary shares and warrants for
the purchase of ordinary shares, raising a total of approximately $29 million in
gross proceeds. In the private placement, the Company issued approximately 18.8
million shares, warrants exercisable for approximately 9.4 million shares at an
exercise price of $2.04 (subject to downward adjustments), exercisable until
March 15, 2012 ("Series I Warrants"), and short-term warrants exercisable for
approximately 18.8 million shares at an exercise price of $1.70, which was
identical to the closing price of the Company's ordinary shares on the NASDAQ on
the trading day immediately prior to the closing of the private placement
("Series II Warrants"), exercisable until December 31, 2007. Subject to the
registration statement covering the resale of the shares issued and the shares
issuable upon exercise of the warrants remaining effective, the Company can
compel the exercise of the Series II Warrants if during any 20 out of 30
consecutive trading days the closing price of the Company's shares on NASDAQ
exceeds $2.12.
ISRAEL INSTITUTIONAL PLACEMENT 2007. In June 2007, in a private placement
with Israeli investors, we accepted orders for 342 units, resulting in gross
proceeds of approximately 167 million NIS ($40 million). Each unit was comprised
of: (i) long-term non-convertible bonds, repayable in six equal annual
installments between the dates of December 2011 and December 2016, with a face
amount of NIS 250,000 (approximately $59,700) and carrying an annual interest
rate of 8 percent; (ii) long-term convertible bonds repayable in January 2013
with a 17.2 NIS conversion price (approximately $4.11) and with a face amount of
NIS 262,500 (approximately $62,700), carrying an annual interest rate of 8
percent, and (iii) 5,800 warrants, each exercisable for four years from the date
the below mentioned prospectus is published, for one ordinary share at a price
of $2.04 (approximately 8.54 NIS). Principal and interest on the bonds,
including the convertible bonds, are linked to the Israeli consumer price index,
or CPI, and were issued at 95.5% of par value. The conversion and exercise
prices are subject to reduction in certain limited circumstances. Under Israeli
securities laws, the securities are subject to a statutory lock-up. The Company
has undertaken to file a prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority to
allow for the unrestricted trade of the securities. The funds raised are being
held in escrow and will be released to the Company if the prospectus is declared
effective by the Israel Securities Authority within 90 days from the date of the
offering. In the event the prospectus is not declared effective by the Israel
Securities Authority, the holders of the bonds, including the convertible bonds,
may elect to have the Company redeem the bonds.
- 51 -
C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES
Our research and development activities have related primarily to our
process development and microFLASH module design efforts, and have been
sponsored and funded by us with some participation by the Israeli government.
Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005
and 2004 were $15.0 million, $16.0 million and $17.1 million net of government
participation of $1.9 million, $1.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. We
have also incurred costs in connection with the transfer of Toshiba and
Freescale technology for use in Fab 2, some of which have been amortized over
the estimated economic life of the technology following the commencement of
production in Fab 2 during the third quarter of 2003 (see also in this Item
"Critical Accounting Policies - Depreciation and Amortization of Fab 2 Assets").
For a description of our research & development policies and our patents and
licenses, see "Item 4. Information on the Company--4.B. Business Overview".
D. TREND INFORMATION
The semiconductor industry has historically been highly cyclical on a
seasonal and long-term basis. On a long-term basis, the market has fluctuated,
cycling through periods of weak demand, production overcapacity, excess
inventory and lower sales prices and periods of strong demand, full capacity
utilization, product shortages and higher sales prices.
There is a trend within the semiconductor industry toward ever-smaller
features and ever-growing wafer sizes. State-of-the-art fabs are currently using
process geometries of 90-nanometer and below and wafer sizes of 300-mm. As
demand for smaller geometries increases, there is downward pressure on the
pricing of larger geometry products and increasing underutilization of fabs that
are limited to manufacturing larger geometry products, which results in less
profitability for manufacturers of larger geometry products. Fab 1 is limited to
geometries of 0.35-micron and above on 150-mm wafers and Fab 2 currently offers
process geometries of 0.18 and 0.13-micron and produces 200-mm wafers.
E. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We are not a party to any material off-balance sheet arrangements. In
addition, we have no unconsolidated special purpose financing or partnership
entities that are likely to create material contingent obligations.
- 52 -
F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial
commitments as of December 31, 2006:
PAYMENT DUE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LESS THAN 1 AFTER 5
TOTAL YEAR 2 YEARS 3 YEARS 4 YEARS 5 YEARS YEARS
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Short Term Debt(1) 55,128 55,128
Other current liabilities 18,096 18,096
Long term debt(2) 463,424 23,028 23,027 84,810 139,996 68,938 123,625
Convertible Debenture(3) 128,115 8,076 7,743 7,410 -- 65,002 39,884
Operating leases 3,888 2,434 1,203 251 -- -- --
Construction & equipment purchase agreements(4) 11,198 11,198
Siliconix advance 17,884 2,471 2,852 2,850 2,850 2,850 4,011
Other long-term liabilities 15,330 1,448 8,227 2,374 3,281
Purchase obligations 29,321 3,208 2,724 2,724 2,724 2,724 15,217
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total contractual obligations 742,384 125,087 45,776 100,419 145,570 139,514 186,018
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
(1) Short-term debt and other current liabilities include our trade accounts
payable for equipment and services that have already been supplied.
(2) Long-term debt includes principal and interest payments in accordance with
the terms of the credit facility, as amended in September 2006, as well as
the impact of our hedging transactions.
(3) Total amounts include expected principal and interest payments for the
presented periods.
(4) These amounts primarily consist of ordered equipment that has not yet been
received. In addition to these contractual obligations, we have committed
approximately $8.5 million in standby letters of credit and guarantees to
secure our Fab 2 equipment obligations.
The above table does not include other contractual obligations or
commitments we have, such as undertakings pursuant to royalty agreements,
commissions and service agreements. We are unable to reasonably estimate the
total amounts or the time table for such payments to be paid under the terms of
these agreements, as the royalties, commissions and required services are a
function of future sales revenues, the volume of business and hourly-based fees.
In addition, the above table does not include our long-term liability with
respect to our wafer partner advances, which as of December 31, 2006, amounted
to approximately $30.9 million that may be utilized by them against future
purchases of Fab 2 products. We are unable to reasonably estimate the total
amounts that may be utilized by our wafer partners since we can not reasonably
estimate their future orders in the periods set forth in the above chart.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Set forth below is information regarding the members of our administrative,
supervisory or management bodies and our directors.
SENIOR MANAGEMENT AGE TITLE
----------------- -- ------------------------------------------------
Russell C. Ellwanger 52 Chief Executive Officer
Oren Shirazi 37 Acting Chief Financial Officer
Dudu Vidan 46 Vice President and Fab 2 Manager
Dr. Itzhak Edrei 47 Senior Vice President of Product Lines and Sales
Rafi Nave 57 Chief Technology Officer
Ephie Koltin 45 Vice President and Fab 1 Manager
Dalit Dahan 39 Vice President of Human Resources
Shimon Dahan 44 Vice President of Manufacturing Services
Nati Somekh Gilboa 32 Corporate Secretary and General Counsel
Rafi Mor 43 Vice President of Business Development
- 53 -
DIRECTORS AGE TITLE
-------------------- -- ---------------------------------
Dov Moran 51 Chairman of the Board
Russell C. Ellwanger 52 Director
Yossi Rosen 67 Director
Dr. Eli Harari 62 Director
Miin Wu 58 Director
Melvin Keating 60 Director
Nir Gilad 50 Director
Kalman Kaufman 62 Independent Director
Hans Rohrer 57 Independent and External Director
Miri Katz 56 Independent and External Director
RUSSELL C. ELLWANGER has served as our Chief Executive Officer since May
2005. From 1998 to 2005, Mr. Ellwanger served in various executive positions for
Applied Materials Corporation, including Group Vice President, General Manager
of the Applied Global Services (AGS), from 2004 to 2005, Group Vice President,
General Manager of the CMP and Electroplating Business Group, from 2002 to 2004.
Mr. Ellwanger also served as Corporate Vice President, General Manager of the
Metrology and Inspection Business Group, from 2000 to 2002, during which he was
based in Israel. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Ellwanger served as Vice President of
Applied Materials' 300-mm Program Office, USA. Mr. Ellwanger served as General
Manager of Applied Materials' Metal CVD Division from 1997 to 1998 and from 1996
to 1997, Mr. Ellwanger served as Managing Director of CVD Business Development,
during which he was based in Singapore. In addition, Mr. Ellwanger held various
managerial positions in Novellus System from 1992 to 1996 and in Philips
Semiconductors from 1980 to 1992.
OREN SHIRAZI was appointed as our acting Chief Financial Officer in
November 2004. Mr. Shirazi joined us in October 1998 and served as our
controller since July 2000, after serving as vice controller since October 1998.
Prior to joining us, Mr. Shirazi was employed as an Audit Manager in the
accounting firm of Ratzkovski-Fried & Co., which merged into Ernst & Young
(Israel). Mr. Shirazi is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel (CPA). He has
an MBA from the Graduate School of Business of Haifa University with honors and
a BA in economics and accounting from the Haifa University.
DUDU VIDAN was appointed Vice President and Fab 2 Manager in April 2007,
having served previously as Vice President and Fab 1 Manager since August 2005,
as Fab2 production manager since March 2003 and as Fab2 tool installation
manager since March 2001. Previously, Mr. Vidan was employed by MDF, serving as
plant manager, and Carcom Aviation Products serving as production manager. Mr.
Vidan served as a Naval Reserve Lt. Colonel in the Israel Defense Forces. Mr.
Vidan holds a B.Sc. in Industrial and Management Engineering from the Technion -
Israel Institute of Technology.
DR. ITZHAK EDREI was appointed Senior Vice President of Product Lines and
Sales in August 2005 after serving as Vice President of Research and Development
since August 2001, having served as Director of Research and Development since
1996. From 1994 to 1996, Dr. Edrei served as our Device and Yield Department
Manager. Prior to joining Tower, Dr. Edrei was employed by National
Semiconductor as Device Section Head. Dr. Edrei earned his Ph.D. in physics from
Bar Ilan University and his post-doctorate from Rutgers University.
- 54 -
RAFI NAVE was appointed Chief Technology Officer in August 2005 after
serving as Vice President of Customer Services since August 2003. From 1996 to
2003, Mr. Nave served as Vice President of Research and Development for NDS
Group. From 1974 to 1995, Mr. Nave was employed by Intel Corporation in a
variety of positions of increasing responsibility, among them chip design
engineer and General Manager of Intel's design center in Israel. Mr. Nave earned
master and bachelor degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology.
EPHIE KOLTIN was appointed Vice President and Fab 1 Manager in April 2007,
having served previously as Vice President of Business Development since August
2005, as Vice President, General Foundry and Mixed Signal Technology since 2003
and as Senior Director, FAB2 Process Engineering since 2000. From 1996-1999, Mr.
Koltin served in several senior positions as Director, NVM Technology, CIS
technology and ERS manager, Fab 1. Prior to joining Tower, Mr. Koltin was
employed at National Semiconductor and the Technion - Israel Institute of
Technology. Mr. Koltin holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering and M.Sc. in
Materials Engineering from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
DALIT DAHAN was appointed Vice President of Human Resources in April 2004.
Ms. Dahan joined us in November 1993 and served as Personnel Manager since April
2000, after having served as Compensation & Benefits Manager and in various
other positions in the Human Resources Department. Prior to joining us, Ms.
Dahan served as Manager of the North Branch of O.R.S - Manpower Company for 3
years. Ms. Dahan holds a bachelor's degree in social science from Haifa
University and an MBA from the University of Derby.
SHIMON DAHAN was appointed Vice President of Manufacturing Services in
January 2006, having served previously as Test & MTG manager since August 2005
and prior to that as Research and Development Operation Manager from November
2000. Prior to that, Mr. Dahan was employed by National Semiconductor in various
capacities. Mr. Dahan holds a bachelors degree in Political Science from Haifa
University, and an MBA from the University of Derby.
NATI SOMEKH GILBOA was appointed as Corporate Secretary and General Counsel
in March 2005, has served as our Associate General Counsel since May 2004. From
2001 to 2004, Ms. Somekh Gilboa was employed by Goldsobel & Kirshen, Adv. Ms.
Somekh Gilboa holds an LL.M. and J.D. from Boston University and a B.A. from
Johns Hopkins University. She is a member of the Israeli Bar Association and the
New York bar.
RAFI MOR was appointed Vice President of Business Development since April
2007, having served previously as Vice President and Fab 2 Manager since August
2005, as Fab 1 Manager since August 2003 and Senior Director and Fab 1 Manager
since March 2003. From November 2000 to March 2003, Mr. Mor served as Senior
Director of Process Device & Yield of Fab 1. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Mor served
as Director of Equipment Reliability & Support of Fab 1. Previously, Mr. Mor was
employed by National Semiconductor in various engineering and management
capacities. Mr. Mor earned master and bachelor degrees in chemical engineering
from Ben Gurion University.
DOV MORAN has served as Chairman of the Board since December 2006. Mr.
Moran was a founder of M-Systems and served as a director, President, Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of M-Systems from 1989
until September 2006. From 1984 to 1989, Mr. Moran was an independent consultant
in the computer industry. Mr. Moran holds a B.Sc. in Computers and Electronic
Engineering from the Technion Israel Institute of Technology.
- 55 -
YOSSI ROSEN has served as a director and Chairman of the Stock Option and
Compensation Committee since February 2005. From November 30, 1998 until May
2007, Mr. Rosen served as the President and CEO of The Israel Corporation. Mr.
Rosen is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Israel Chemicals Ltd., a member
of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee of ZIM Integrated Shipping
Services, Chairman of the Board of Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd. and a director of Oil
Refineries Ltd. Mr. Rosen holds a BA in Economics from the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem and an MA in Business Management from the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem.
DR. ELI HARARI has served as a director since January 2001. Dr. Harari
serves on the Stock Option and Compensation Committee. Dr. Harari served as
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of SanDisk Corporation from its inception
in 1988 until June and currently has served as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of SanDisk since June 2006. Dr. Harari is a pioneer in
non-volatile semiconductor storage with more than 100 US and foreign patents and
numerous technical articles and has more than 30 years of experience in the
electronics industry. His extensive operational and technological development
experiences include co-founding Waferscale Integration, overseeing the
development and transfer into production of Intel Corporation's first-generation
stepper and dry etch technology, and technical management positions at Hughes
Aircraft and Honeywell, Inc. He holds an M.A. and Ph.D. in Solid State Sciences
from Princeton University and a B.S. (Honors) degree in Physics from Manchester
University.
MIIN WU has served as a director since January 2001. Mr. Wu serves as
President and Chief Executive Officer of Macronix International and has been an
executive officer of Macronix since its formation in 1989. Mr. Wu received both
a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from National Cheng-Kung University
in Taiwan as well as an M.S. in Material Science & Engineering from Stanford
University.
MELVIN L. KEATING has served as a director since July 2006. Since 2005, Mr.
Keating has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Alliance
Semiconductor Corporation since 2005. Mr. Keating also serves on the board of
Kitty Hawk Inc. From April 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Keating served as
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Quovadx, Inc.
From 1997 to 2004, Mr. Keating served as a strategy consultant to Warburg Pincus
Equity Partners. Mr. Keating holds two Masters degrees from the University of
Pennsylvania, Wharton School and a B.A. from Rutgers University.
KALMAN KAUFMAN has served as a director and as a member of our Audit
Committee since August 2005. Mr. Kaufman also served as Corporate Vice President
at Applied Materials from 1994 to 2005. Between 1985 and 1994, Mr. Kaufman
served as President of KLA Instruments Israel, a company he founded, and General
Manager of Kulicke and Soffa Israel. Mr. Kaufman is currently the Chairman of
Solgel Nanotechnology and is a member of several boards of directors. He holds
engineering degrees from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
HANS ROHRER has been a director and member of the Audit Committee since
April 2002. Since May 2002, Mr. Rohrer has served as President and Chief
Executive Officer of Acuid Corporation. From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Rohrer served as
President of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company -- Europe (TSMC -
Europe). Mr. Rohrer has held various engineering, marketing, sales and general
management positions, including Vice President and General Manager, Europe, with
National Semiconductor between 1980 and 1998. Mr. Rohrer started his career in
the semiconductor industry with Texas Instruments.
- 56 -
MIRI KATZ has served as a director and member of the Audit Committee and
the Stock Option and Compensation Committee since January 2007. Ms. \Katz has
been a member of the board of trustees of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and
a member of its Committee for Academic Policy, the Audit Committee and the
Constitution Committee since 2004. Ms. Katz has been of counsel at Ophir Katz
&Co. and has served as a director of The Caesarea Foundation and The Caesarea
Edmond Benjamin de Rothschild Development Corporation Ltd. since 2003. In
addition, Ms. Katz has also served as a director of the Bank of Jerusalem Ltd.
and the chairperson of its audit committee since 2003. From 1997-2002, Ms. Katz
served as the chairperson of the Israel Securities Authority. Ms. Katz holds an
LL.B. from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
NIR GILAD has served as a director since May 2007. Mr. Gilad has served as
Chief Executive Officer of Israel Corp. since_ June 2007; he previously served
as Vice-Chief Executive Officer of the Israel Corporation from May 2006 to May
2007. From 2004-2006, Mr. Gilad served as vice-Chief Executive Officer of Migdal
Holdings Insurance and Financings Ltd., Chief Executive Officer of Migdal
Investment Management 2001 Ltd. and chairman of Migdal Capital Markets Ltd. In
addition, from 1999-2003, Mr. Gilad served as General Comptroller of the
Treasury Office of the State of Israel. Throughout the years, Mr. Gilad was a
member and chairman of several boards of directors. Mr. Gilad holds a B.A. in
Economics and Agricultural Management in Natural Sciences from the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem and an M.A. in business administration from Bar Ilan
University.
Pursuant to a shareholders agreement dated January 18, 2001, SanDisk,
Alliance Semiconductor, Israel Corp. and Macronix have agreed to vote all their
respective shares for nominees designated by each shareholder and for the
election of a nominee of Israel Corp. as Chairman of the Board, unless agreed to
otherwise.
B. COMPENSATION
For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, we paid to all our
directors and senior management, as a group, an aggregate of $1.4 million and
$1.2 million, respectively, in salaries, fees and bonuses, excluding management
fees paid to Israel Corp. The total amount set aside or accrued in the year
ended December 31, 2006 to provide for severance, retirement and similar
benefits for such persons was $0.3 million.
During 2001, the Audit Committee, Board of Directors and shareholders
approved a stock option plan which provides for the grant to our Board members
of options to purchase up to 400,000 ordinary shares. As of May 31, 2007,
280,000 options to purchase ordinary shares were outstanding under this plan,
with a weighted average exercise price of $5.39. These options vest over a
four-year period, according to various vesting schedules and are generally not
exercisable following the fifth anniversary of their vesting date.
Since October 2001, our directors have foregone their directors' fees,
except for fees required by law to be paid to our independent directors. The
aggregate amount payable to each of our external directors with respect to the
year ended December 31, 2006 was approximately $28,000. Each of these directors
also receives a per meeting fee.
On January 31, 2007, our shareholders approved, following our Board of
Directors' and Audit Committee approvals, the grant to each independent director
of the Company who is not affiliated with our major shareholders, and is not an
employee of the Company, initial options to purchase Ordinary Shares that equal
150,000 less the number of unvested options to purchase Ordinary Shares held by
such independent director as of the date of the shareholders' meeting. These
initial options vest over three years, one third on the first month anniversary
of the date the shareholders approved the grant, and thereafter, the remaining
two-thirds pro-rata on a monthly basis over the remaining two years until fully
vested. The exercise price per initial option is $1.88, which was the closing
price of our shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day immediately prior to the
date the shareholders approved the grant. On January 31, 2007, our shareholders
approved (i) the payment of annual fees and participation fees (per meeting) to
the Independent Directors; and (ii) the reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses
of the independent directors, in both cases, to the maximum extent permitted
under applicable Israeli law and regulations.
- 57 -
Each new independent director appointed will be granted 150,000 options to
purchase Ordinary Shares, exercisable at the closing price of our shares on the
NASDAQ on the trading day immediately prior to the relevant date of appointment,
with the same vesting terms as the initial grants.
Upon each third anniversary of a previous grant of options to an
independent director, each such Independent Director shall be granted an
additional 150,000 options to purchase Ordinary Shares, which will vest over 3
years on a monthly basis until fully vested. The exercise price per each such
option shall be the closing price of our shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day
immediately prior to the relevant grant date.
Subject to certain conditions, the options that have vested shall be
exercisable by an independent director for a period of ten years following the
date on which the relevant options, as the case may be, first vested.
So long as this option plan remains in effect, no future grants will be
made to independent directors under the 2001 plan mentioned above.
On January 31, 2007, our shareholders approved the appointment of Dov Moran
as Chairman of the Board of Directors and approved the grant to him of options
to purchase 3,158,090 Ordinary Shares, which represented 1.0% of our issued and
outstanding share capital on a fully diluted basis. The exercise price of these
options is $1.88, which was the closing price of our shares on the NASDAQ on the
trading day immediately prior to the date of the shareholder approval. These
options vest over four years as follows: 25% will vest on the 12 month
anniversary of the shareholders approval date and 6.25% will vest each three
months thereafter until fully vested.
In April 2005, our Board of Directors approved the grant of options to
purchase up to 1,325,724 of our ordinary shares (which represented 1.6% of our
issued and outstanding shares as of June 30, 2006) to Russell Ellwanger, our
then newly-appointed Chief Executive Officer, who was also appointed as a
director, which was further approved by our shareholders in October 2005. These
options are exercisable at an exercise price of $1.56, which was the closing
market price of our shares on the last trading day prior to the board approval
of the grant. These options vest over a four-year period, with 25% vesting over
each year of employment. The options granted are exercisable for a period of ten
years from the date of grant.
In addition, in May 2006, our Audit Committee and Board of Directors
approved the grant of options to Mr. Ellwanger in addition to the options
granted to him in April 2005, such that in total, he will hold options to
purchase shares that represent 4% of our issued and outstanding shares on a
fully diluted basis during the two-year period beginning May 16, 2006 (the date
of the approval of the Audit Committee). This was further approved by our
shareholders on September 28, 2006. The exercise price of the initial grant of
approximately 4.3 million additional options was $1.45, the 90 day average
closing price of our shares prior to May 17, 2006 (the date of the Board of
Directors' approval). In future dilutive events following May 2006, additional
options will be granted to the CEO with an exercise price equal to the price per
share of the newly issued securities. Under certain circumstances, the exercise
price will equal the 30-day average closing price of the Company's shares prior
to the dilutive event. As of May 31, 2007, due to dilutive events, approximately
an additional 9.3 million options were granted to our CEO. The vesting period of
the new options will be identical to the vesting period of the existing options.
Any decrease in the Company's shares on a fully diluted basis during the
two-year period from the approval of the Audit Committee will be followed by the
cancellation of the corresponding options granted to the CEO. No additional
options will be granted to the CEO under the April 2005 option grant.
- 58 -
On January 31, 2007, our shareholders approved: (i) an eight percent (8%)
increase in Mr. Ellwanger's annual base salary from $350,000 to $378,000,
effective January 1, 2007; and (ii) a performance-based bonus of up to $525,000
for the year ending December 31, 2006.
As of May 31, 2007, a total of 14,956,234 options were outstanding to our
CEO at a weighted average exercise price of $1.59.
In May 2006, our board of directors approved a plan to offer each of our
current employees, including senior management, the opportunity to exchange
their existing options to purchase our ordinary shares for new options with an
exercise price of $1.45, which is the average closing price of our shares on the
NASDAQ during the 90 consecutive trading days prior to the board of directors'
approval in May 2006. The new options were granted based on terms similar to our
existing employee option plan with new vesting periods. As of May 31, 2007,
options to purchase approximately 12 million ordinary shares held by our current
employees, with exercise prices ranging from $1.18 to $25, were outstanding.
Our board of directors further approved the allocation of additional
options to be made available for grant to our employees if the total number of
employee options, including the options to our CEO and senior management, during
the 24 months from the date of the board of directors' approval, will represent
less than 8% of our shares on a fully diluted basis. To date, no additional
options have been granted pursuant to this authorization.
During 2006, we granted a total of 1,589,878 options to purchase ordinary
shares to our senior managers as a group (excluding the options granted to our
CEO described above). These options have a weighted average exercise price of
$1.42 per share with vesting periods over four years and expire in 2016.
C. BOARD PRACTICES
Our Articles of Association provide that the Board of Directors shall
consist of at least five and no more than 11 members. All directors, except for
external directors, hold office until their successors are elected at the next
annual general meeting of shareholders. Our officers are appointed by the Board
of Directors and (subject, in certain cases, to employment agreement provisions
that require 270 days notice of termination) continue to serve at the discretion
of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may grant the CEO the power to
appoint officers.
Our Articles of Association provide that any director may, by written
notice to us, appoint another person to serve as an alternate director, and may
cancel such appointment. Any person who is not already a director may act as an
alternate, and the same person may not act as the alternate for more than one
director at a time. The term of appointment of an alternate director may be for
one meeting of the Board of Directors or for a specified period or until notice
is given of the cancellation of the appointment.
None of the members of the Board are entitled to receive any severance or
similar benefits upon termination of service with the Board of Directors.
- 59 -
The Israeli Companies Law - 1999 (the "Companies Law") requires Israeli
companies with shares that have been offered to the public in or outside of
Israel to appoint no less than two external directors. No person may be
appointed as an external director if the person or the person's relative,
partner, employer or any entity under the person's control, has or had, on or
within the two years preceding the date of the person's appointment to serve as
external director, any affiliation with the company or any entity controlling,
controlled by or under common control with the company. The term "affiliation"
includes:
o an employment relationship;
o a business or professional relationship maintained on a regular basis;
o control; and
o service as an office holder.
A person shall be qualified to serve as an external director only if he or
she possesses accounting and financial expertise or professional qualifications.
At least one external director must possess accounting and financial expertise.
The conditions and criteria for possessing accounting and financial expertise or
professional qualifications were determined in regulations promulgated by the
Israeli Minister of Justice in consultation with the Israeli Securities
Authority. These regulations do not appear to apply to external directors which
served at the time of their coming into force. The regulations mandate that a
person is deemed to have "expertise in finance and accounting" if his or her
education, experience and qualifications provide him or her with expertise and
understanding in business matters - accounting and financial statements, in a
way that allows him or her to understand, in depth, the company's financial
statements and to encourage discussion about the manner in which the financial
data is presented.
The company's board of directors must evaluate the proposed external
director's expertise in finance and accounting, by considering, among other
things, his or her education, experience and knowledge in the following: (i)
accounting and auditing issues typical to the field in which the company
operates and to companies of a size and complexity similar to such company; (ii)
a company's external public accountant's duties and obligations; (iii) preparing
company financial statements and their approval in accordance with the Companies
Law and the Israeli Securities Law.
A director is deemed to be "professionally qualified" if he or she meets
any of the following criteria: (i) has an academic degree in any of the
following professions: economics, business administration, accounting, law or
public administration; (ii) has a different academic degree or has completed
higher education in a field that is the company's main field of operations, or a
field relevant to his or her position; or (iii) has at least five years
experience in any of the following, or has a total of five years experience in
at least two of the following: (A) a senior position in the business management
of a corporation with significant operations, (B) a senior public position or a
senior position in public service, or (C) a senior position in the company's
main field of operations. The board of directors here too must evaluate the
proposed external director's "professional qualification" in accordance with the
criteria set forth above.
The affidavit required by law to be signed by a candidate to serve as an
external director must include a statement by such candidate concerning his or
her education and experience, if relevant, in order that the board of directors
may properly evaluate whether such candidate meets the requirements set forth in
the regulations. Additionally, the candidate should submit documents and
certificates that support the statements set forth in the affidavit.
No person may serve as an external director if the person's position or
other business activities create, or may create, a conflict of interest with the
person's responsibilities as an external director or may otherwise interfere
with the person's ability to serve as an external director. If, at the time
external directors are to be appointed, all current members of the board of
directors are of the same gender, then at least one external director must be of
the other gender.
- 60 -
External directors are to be elected by a majority vote at a shareholders'
meeting, provided that either:
o the majority of shares voted at the meeting, including at least
one-third of the shares held by non-controlling shareholders that
voted at the meeting, vote in favor of election of the director; or
o the total number of shares held by non-controlling shareholders voted
against the election of the director does not exceed one percent of
the aggregate voting rights in the company.
The initial term of an external director is three years and may be extended
for an additional three years. External directors may be removed only by the
same percentage of shareholders as is required for their election, or by a
court, and then only if the external directors cease to meet the statutory
qualifications for their appointment or if they violate their duty of loyalty to
the company. Each committee of a company's board of directors must include at
least one external director.
Mr. Rohrer and Ms. Miri Katz currently serve as our external directors. Mr.
Rohrer was appointed for an initial three-year term that expired in April 2005
and was reappointed for a subsequent three-year term expiring in April 2008. Ms.
Katz was appointed for an initial three-year term expiring in January 2010.
An external director is entitled to compensation, as provided in
regulations adopted under the Israeli Companies Law, and is otherwise prohibited
from receiving any other compensation, directly or indirectly, in connection
with service provided as an external director.
The Companies Law requires public companies to appoint an audit committee.
The responsibilities of the audit committee include reviewing the company's
financial statements, monitoring the company's independent auditors, identifying
irregularities in the management of the company's business and approving related
party transactions as required by law. An audit committee must consist of at
least three directors, including the external directors of the company. The
chairman of the board of directors, any director employed by or otherwise
providing services to the company, and a controlling shareholder or any relative
of a controlling shareholder, may not be a member of the audit committee. An
employee, executive officer or director of a controlling shareholder of an
Israeli company may serve as a member of an audit committee under Israeli law,
unless such individual controls more than 50% of the controlling shareholder.
Each of our external directors are members of our audit committee.
Under the Companies Law, the board of directors must appoint an internal
auditor, who is recommended by the audit committee. The role of the internal
auditor is to examine, among other matters, whether the company's actions comply
with the law and orderly business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the
internal auditor may be an employee of the company but not an office holder, an
affiliate, or a relative of an office holder or affiliate, and he may not be the
company's independent auditor or its representative.
Mr. Rosen, Dr. Harari and Ms. Katz serve on the stock option and
compensation committee. The committee meets at least once a year. The primary
function of this committee is to approve our employee compensation policy and
determine remuneration and other terms of employment for our officers. In
setting our remuneration policy, the committee considers a number of factors
including:
o the overall employment market environment;
o the basic salaries and benefits available to comparable officers at
comparable companies;
o the need to attract and retain officers of an appropriate caliber;
- 61 -
o the need to ensure such executives' commitment to the future success
of our company by means of incentive schemes;
o the performance of the officer; and
o financial and operating results of our company.
D. EMPLOYEES
The following table sets forth for the last three fiscal years, the number
of our employees engaged in the specified activities.
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------
2006 2005 2004
----- ----- -----
Process and product engineering, R&D, design 343 293 360
Manufacturing, operations (*) 879 734 780
Manufacturing support 113 123 124
Administration, marketing, finance 111 88 100
Fab 2 Construction and Technology Transfer (*) -- -- 5
----- ----- -----
Total 1,446 1,238 1,369
===== ===== =====
-----------------------
(*) Following the commencement of operations of Fab 2 during the third quarter
of 2003, most of the employees that prior to that date were classified under Fab
2 construction and technology transfer activities are classified under
manufacturing operations activities.
Except for an arrangement regarding pension contributions, we have no
collective bargaining agreements with any of our employees. However, by
administrative order, certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreements
between the Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the
Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations, relating primarily to the length
of the work day, minimum wages, pension contributions, insurance for
work-related accidents, procedures for dismissing employees, determination of
severance pay and other conditions of employment are applicable to our
employees. In accordance with these provisions, the salaries of our employees
are partially indexed to the Consumer Price Index in Israel.
We generally provide our employees with benefits and working conditions
beyond the minimum requirements. For example, a general practice in Israel,
which we follow, is the contribution of funds to an employee's "Manager's
Insurance" fund and/or pension fund. Such funds generally provide a combination
of savings plans, insurance and severance pay benefits to the employee, giving
the employee a lump sum payment upon retirement and securing his or her right to
receive severance pay, if legally entitled, upon termination of employment. To
the Manager's Insurance fund, the employee usually contributes an amount equal
to 5% of his or her wages and the employer usually contributes an additional
13.3% to 15.8%. To the pension fund the employee usually contributes an amount
equal to between 5% and 6% of his or her wages and the employer usually
contributes an additional 13.7% to 17.3%. Israeli law generally requires
severance pay upon the retirement or death of an employee or termination of
employment without due cause. Furthermore, Israeli employees and employers are
required to make payments to the National Insurance Institute. We consider our
relationship with our employees to be good, and we have never experienced a
labor dispute, strike or work stoppage.
- 62 -
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
All of the persons listed above under the caption "Directors and Senior
Management" own ordinary shares and/or options to purchase ordinary shares.
Except as described below, none of such persons own shares and/or options
amounting to 1% or more of the outstanding ordinary shares. Information
regarding our share option plans and warrants presented in Note 12B to our
consolidated financial statements is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
D. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
The following table and notes thereto set forth information, as of May 31,
2007, concerning the beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), and on a diluted basis, of
ordinary shares by any person who is known to own at least 5% of our issued and
outstanding ordinary shares. On such date, 122,195,333 ordinary shares were
issued and outstanding. The voting rights of our major shareholders do not
differ from the voting rights of other holders of our ordinary shares. However,
certain of our shareholders have entered into a shareholders agreement pursuant
to which they may be able to exercise control over matters requiring shareholder
approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant
corporate transactions.
AMOUNT PERCENT OF PERCENT OF CLASS
IDENTITY OF PERSON OR GROUP OWNED (1) CLASS(1) (DILUTED)(2)
--------------------------- ------------ ----- -----
Israel Corporation Ltd. (3) 98,290,707(4) 47.66% 26.58%
SanDisk Corporation(3) 18,083,680(5) 14.42% 1.70%
Alliance Semiconductor Corporation (3) 6,286,630(6) 5.14% 2.62%
Macronix International Co. Ltd.(3) 9,682,485(7) 7.87% 8.27%
Bank Hapoalim 30,567,372 20.01% 8.27%
Bank Leumi 30,567,372 20.01% 26.58%
---------------------
(1) Assumes the holder's beneficial ownership of all Ordinary Shares and all
securities that the holder has a right to purchase within 60 days.
(2) Assumes that all currently outstanding securities to purchase Ordinary
Shares, other than those which cannot be calculated as of the date of this
annual report, have been exercised by all holders
(3) Pursuant to a shareholders agreement among Israel Corp., Alliance
Semiconductor Corporation, SanDisk Corporation and Macronix Co. Ltd., each
of Israel Corp., Alliance Semiconductor Corporation, SanDisk Corporation
and Macronix Co. Ltd. may be said to have shared voting and dispositive
control over approximately 36% of the outstanding shares of Tower.
(4) Based on information provided by Israel Corp., represents 14,260,504 shares
currently owned by Israel Corp., 18,181,823 shares issuable upon conversion
of debentures, 65,789,474 shares issuable upon conversion of capital notes
and 58,906 shares issuable upon the exercise of currently exercisable
warrants.
(5) Based on information provided by SanDisk, represents 14,901,862 shares
currently owned by SanDisk and 3,181,818 shares issuable upon conversion of
debentures.
(6) Based upon information provided by Alliance, represents 6,286,630 shares
currently owned by Alliance.
- 63 -
(7) Based on information provided by Macronix, represents 8,773,395 shares
currently owned by Macronix and 909,090 shares issuable upon conversion of
debentures.
(8) Based on information provided by Bank Hapoalim represents25,986,842 shares
issuable upon conversion of capital notes, 4,132,232 shares issuable upon
the exercise of currently exercisable warrants and 448,298 ordinary shares
issuable upon exercise of warrants issued to Tarshish Hahzakot Vehashkaot
Hapoalim Ltd.
(9) Based on information provided by Bank Leumi represents25,986,842 shares
issuable upon conversion of capital notes and 4,580,530 shares issuable
upon the exercise of currently exercisable warrants.
This information does not take into account the following potential
dilutive issuances of securities pursuant to our credit facility agreement,
agreements with our major wafer partners and with Israel Corp. and option
arrangements with our chief executive officer which cannot be calculated as of
the date of this prospectus since the number of shares issuable will depend upon
future transactions in which we may engage and/or the market price of our shares
and/or other conditions: (i) ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of up to
approximately $2.7 million in wafer prepayment credits (as of May 31, 2007)
which we have issued to our major wafer partners; (ii) ordinary shares issuable
upon conversion of securities we may be required to issue in connection with a
rights offering and outside investor provisions agreed to in the November 2003
amendment to our facility agreement; (iii) ordinary shares issuable to our banks
in January 2011 as a result of the reduction of the interest rate applicable to
the quarterly actual interest payments on our outstanding loans and (iv)
anti-dilution options that may be granted to our Chief Executive Officer.
Pursuant to a shareholders agreement dated January 18, 2001, among Israel
Corp., Alliance Semiconductor, SanDisk and Macronix, such parties have agreed,
among other things, to vote or cause to be voted all their respective shares for
the election to the Board of Directors of nominees designated by each party,
nominees recommended by the Board, the election of a designee of the Israel
Corp. to serve as Chairman of the Board, and against the election of any other
persons to the Board of Directors. In addition, subject to certain exceptions,
each shareholder agreed to restrictions on the transfer of its shares, including
certain rights of first refusal, and through January 2008, to maintain minimum
shareholdings.
As of June 21, 2007, there were a total of 41 holders of record of our
ordinary shares, of which 27 were registered with addresses in the United
States. Such United States record holders were, as of such date, the holders of record
of approximately 58.7% of our outstanding ordinary shares.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
EXEMPTION AND INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENTS WITH DIRECTORS. In December 2001,
we entered into exemption and indemnification agreements with the members of our
Board of Directors, pursuant to which, subject to the limitations set forth in
the Israeli Companies Law and our Articles of Association, they will be exempt
from liability for breaches of the duty of care owed by them to the Company or
indemnified for certain costs, expenses and liabilities with respect to events
specified in the exemption and indemnification agreements. In September 2005, we
entered into amended exemption and indemnification agreements with the members
of our Board of Directors to reflect certain amendments to the Companies Law
that came into effect in March 2005. Our shareholders approved these amended
exemption and indemnification agreements in October 2005.
AGREEMENTS WITH CERTAIN OF OUR WAFER PARTNERS AND ISRAEL CORP. We are party
to several agreements with our wafer partners, including SanDisk and Alliance,
and Israel Corp related to the financing of Fab 2 and manufacture of products as
described under the caption "Fab 2 Agreements" in "Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects Reference" of this annual report and Note 11A to
the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, which
discussions are incorporated by reference herein.
- 64 -
AGREEMENTS WITH ISRAEL CORP. Discussed under "Item 4. Information on the
Company -A. History and Development of the Company - Recent Developments" which
discussion is incorporated by reference herein.
GRANT OF OPTIONS TO OUR CEO AND DIRECTOR. Discussed under "Item 6 -
Directors, Senior Management and Employees - E. Share Ownership", which
discussion is incorporated by reference herein.
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference
to pages following the signature page of this Annual Report.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In June 2006, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
affirmed the August 2004 decision of the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York to dismiss the class action suit filed in July
2003 by certain of our shareholders in the United States against us and certain
of our directors, wafer partners and equity investors (the "Defendants"). The
plaintiffs had asserted claims arising under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, alleging misstatements and omissions made by the Defendants in materials
sent to our shareholders in April 2002 with respect to the approval of an
amendment to the investment agreements with our Fab 2 investors. The decision of
the Court of Appeals is a final disposition of the action.
From time to time we are a party to various litigation matters incidental
to the conduct of our business. There is no pending or threatened legal
proceeding to which we are a party, that, in the opinion of management, is
likely to have a material adverse effect on our future financial results or
financial condition.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
Not applicable.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
Our ordinary shares are listed and traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under
the symbol "TSEM". In addition, in January 2001, our ordinary shares commenced
trading on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) under the symbol "TSEM".
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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low
reported sales prices of the ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Market and Tel
Aviv Stock Exchange:
NASDAQ GLOBAL MARKET TEL AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE
------------------- --------------------
HIGH ($) LOW ($) HIGH (NIS) LOW (NIS)
----- ---- ----- -----
PERIOD
May 2007 1.89 1.52 7.51 6.66
April 2007 1.94 1.67 7.63 7.12
March 2007 1.80 1.64 7.56 7.00
February 2007 2.08 2.01 8.88 7.35
January 2007 1.97 1.70 8.37 7.21
December 2006 1.95 1.67 8.12 7.11
First quarter 2007 2.08 1.64 8.88 7.00
Fourth quarter 2006 2.18 1.41 9.14 6.16
Third quarter 2006 1.51 1.24 6.69 5.11
Second quarter 2006 1.75 1.22 7.91 6.00
First quarter 2006 1.93 1.22 8.54 6.03
Fourth quarter 2005 1.80 1.02 8.30 5.20
Third quarter 2005 1.40 0.92 6.04 5.10
Second quarter 2005 1.90 1.08 8.00 5.15
First quarter 2005 2.38 1.36 10.30 6.36
2006 2.18 1.22 9.14 5.11
2005 2.38 0.92 10.30 5.10
2004 10.80 1.62 46.39 7.70
2003 7.90 2.16 35.00 10.12
2002 8.50 3.11 37.99 15.30
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION; ISRAELI COMPANIES LAW
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
Our Articles of Association ("Articles") were adopted in November 2000, and
as amended most recently on September 26, 2006, provide for an authorized
capital of NIS 800 million divided into 800 million ordinary shares. The
objective stated in the Articles is to engage in any lawful activity.
We have currently outstanding only one class of equity securities, our
ordinary shares, par value NIS 1.00 per share. Holders of ordinary shares have
one vote per share, and are entitled to participate equally in the payment of
dividends and share distributions and, in the event of liquidation of the
Company, in the distribution of assets after satisfaction of liabilities to
creditors. No preferred shares are currently authorized.
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Our Articles require that we hold our annual general meeting of
shareholders each year no later than 15 months from the last annual meeting, at
a time and place determined by the Board of Directors, upon at least 21 days'
prior notice to our shareholders. No business may be commenced until a quorum of
two or more shareholders holding at least 33% of the voting rights are present
in person or by proxy. Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy, and are
required to prove title to their shares as required by the Companies Law
pursuant to procedures established by the Board of Directors. Resolutions
regarding the following matters shall be passed by an ordinary majority of those
voting at the general meeting:
o amendments to our Articles;
o appointment and termination of our independent auditors;
o appointment and dismissal of directors;
o approval of acts and transactions requiring general meeting approval
under the Companies Law;
o increase or reduction of authorized share capital or the rights of
shareholders or a class of shareholders;
o any merger as provided in section 320 of the Companies Law; and
o the exercise of the Board of Directors' powers by the general meeting,
if the Board of Directors is unable to exercise its powers and the
exercise of any of its powers is essential for Tower's proper
management, as provided in section 52(a) of the Companies Law.
A special meeting may be convened by the request of two directors or by
written request of one or more shareholders holding at least 5% of our issued
share capital and 1% of the voting rights or one or more shareholders holding at
least 5% of the voting rights. Shareholders requesting a special meeting must
submit their proposed resolution with their request. Within 21 days of receipt
of the request, the Board must convene a special meeting and send out notices
setting forth the date, time and place of the meeting. Subject to exceptions,
such notice must be given at least 21 days but not more than 35 days prior to
the special meeting.
EXEMPTION AND INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENTS WITH DIRECTORS
In December 2001, we entered into exemption and indemnification agreements
with the members of our Board of Directors, pursuant to which, subject to the
limitations set forth in the Israeli Companies Law and our Articles of
Association, they will be exempt from liability for breaches of the duty of care
owed by them to the Company or indemnified for certain costs, expenses and
liabilities with respect to events specified in the exemption and
indemnification agreements. In September 2005, we entered into amended exemption
and indemnification agreements with the members of our Board of Directors to
reflect certain amendments to the Companies Law that came into effect in March
2005. Our shareholders approved these amended exemption and indemnification
agreements in October 2005.
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THE COMPANIES LAW
We are subject to the provisions of the Companies. The Companies Law
codifies the fiduciary duties that "office holders," including directors and
executive officers, owe to a company. An office holder, as defined in the
Companies Law, is a director, general manager, chief business manager, deputy
general manager, vice general manager, executive vice president, vice president,
another manager directly subordinate to the managing director or any other
person assuming the responsibilities of any of the foregoing positions without
regard to such person's title. Each person listed in the table in "Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees" above is an office holder. Under the
Companies Law, all arrangements as to compensation of office holders who are not
directors require approval of the board of directors. With the exception of
compensation of external directors in an amount specified in the regulations
adopted under the Companies Law, arrangements regarding the compensation of
directors also require audit committee and shareholder approval.
The Companies Law requires an office holder to promptly disclose any
personal interest that he or she may have and all related material information
known to him or her, in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by
the company. In addition, if the transaction is an extraordinary transaction,
the office holder must also disclose any personal interest held by the office
holder's spouse, siblings, parents, grandparents, descendants, spouse's
descendants and the spouse of any of the foregoing, or any corporation in which
the office holder is a 5% or greater shareholder, holder of 5% or more of the
voting power, director or general manager or in which he or she has the right to
appoint at least one director or the general manager. An extraordinary
transaction is defined as a transaction not in the ordinary course of business,
not on market terms, or that is likely to have a material impact on the
company's profitability, assets or liabilities.
The Companies Law requires that specific types of transactions, actions and
arrangements be approved as provided for in a company's articles of association
and in some circumstances by the company's audit committee, board of directors
and shareholders. In the case of a transaction that is not an extraordinary
transaction, after the office holder complies with the above disclosure
requirements, only board approval is required, unless the Articles provide
otherwise. If the transaction is an extraordinary transaction, then, in addition
to any approval required by the Articles it must be approved first by the audit
committee and then by the board of directors, and, in specific circumstances, by
a meeting of the shareholders. Subject to exceptions set forth in the Companies
Law, an office holder who has a personal interest in a matter that is considered
at a meeting of the board of directors or the audit committee may not be present
during the relevant discussion at such meeting or vote on such matter.
The Companies Law applies the same disclosure requirements to a controlling
shareholder of a public company, which is defined as a shareholder who has the
ability to direct the activities of a company, other than if this power derives
solely from the shareholder's position on the board of directors or any other
position with the company and includes a shareholder that holds 25% or more of
the voting rights if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of the voting
rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with a controlling shareholder
or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and agreements
relating to employment and compensation terms of controlling shareholders
require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the
shareholders of the company. The shareholder approval must either include at
least one-third of the shares held by disinterested shareholders who are
present, in person or by proxy, at the meeting, or, alternatively, the total
shareholdings of the disinterested shareholders who vote against the transaction
must not represent more than one percent of the voting rights in the company.
In addition to approval by a company's board of directors, a private
placement in a public company requires approval by a company's shareholders in
the following cases:
o A private placement that meets all of the following conditions:
o 20 percent or more of the voting rights in the company prior to
such issuance are being offered;
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o The private placement will increase the relative holdings of a
shareholder that holds five percent or more of the company's
outstanding share capital (assuming the exercise of all of the
securities convertible into shares held by that person), or that
will cause any person to become, as a result of the issuance, a
holder of five percent or more of the company's outstanding share
capital; and
o All or part of the consideration for the offering is not cash or
registered securities, or the private placement is not being
offered at market terms.
o A private placement which results in anyone becoming a controlling
shareholder.
The above transactions must not be adverse to the company's interest.
Under the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith
towards the company and other shareholders and refrain from abusing his power in
the company, including, among other things, vote in the general meeting of
shareholders on the following matters:
o any amendment to the Articles;
o an increase of the company's authorized share capital;
o a merger; or
o approval of interested party transactions that require shareholder
approval.
In addition, any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it
possesses power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any
shareholder who has the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office
holder in the company is under a duty to act with fairness towards the company.
The Companies Law does not describe the substance of this duty.
TENDER OFFER. A person wishing to acquire shares or any class of shares of
a publicly traded Israeli company and who would as a result hold over 90% of the
company's issued and outstanding share capital or of a class of shares which are
listed, is required by the Companies Law to make a tender offer to all of the
company's shareholders for the purchase of all of the issued and outstanding
shares of the company. If the shareholders who do not respond to the offer hold
less than 5% of the issued share capital of the company, all of the shares that
the acquirer offered to purchase will be transferred to the acquirer by
operation of law. The Companies Law provides for an exception regarding the
threshold requirement for a shareholder that prior to and following February
2000 holds over 90% of a company's issued and outstanding share capital.
However, the shareholders may petition the court to alter the consideration for
the acquisition. If the dissenting shareholders hold more than 5% of the issued
and outstanding share capital of the company, the acquirer may not acquire
additional shares of the company from shareholders who accepted the tender offer
if following such acquisition the acquirer would then own over 90% of the
company's issued and outstanding share capital.
The Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares of a public
company must be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of the
acquisition the purchaser would become a 25% or greater shareholder of the
company. This rule does not apply if there is already another 25% shareholder of
the company. Similarly, the Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares
in a public company must be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of
the acquisition the purchaser would become a 45% or greater shareholder of the
company, if there is no 45% or greater shareholder of the company.
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MERGER. The Companies Law permits merger transactions if approved by each
party's board of directors and the majority of each party's shares voted on the
proposed merger at a shareholders' meeting called on at least 21 days' prior
notice. Under the Companies Law, merger transactions may be approved by holders
of a simple majority of our shares present, in person or by proxy, at a general
meeting and voting on the transaction. In determining whether the required
majority has approved the merger, if shares of a company are held by the other
party to the merger, or by any person holding at least 25% of the outstanding
voting shares or 25% of the means of appointing directors of the other party to
the merger, then a vote against the merger by holders of the majority of the
shares present and voting, excluding shares held by the other party or by such
person, or anyone acting on behalf of either of them, is sufficient to reject
the merger transaction. If the transaction would have been approved but for the
exclusion of the votes of certain shareholders as provided above, a court may
still approve the merger upon the request of holders of at least 25% of the
voting rights of a company, if the court holds that the merger is fair and
reasonable, taking into account the value of the parties to the merger and the
consideration offered to the shareholders. Upon the request of a creditor of
either party to the proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent the merger
if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that, as a result of the
merger, the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of any
of the parties to the merger. In addition, a merger may not be executed unless
at least 30 days have passed from the receipt of the shareholders' approval and
50 days have passed from the time that a proposal for approval of the merger has
been filed with the Israeli Registrar of Companies.
NASDAQ MARKETPLACE RULES AND HOME COUNTRY PRACTICES
NASDAQ's Marketplace Rule 4350 ("Rule 4350") was amended to permit foreign
private issuers to follow certain home country corporate governance practices
without the need to seek an individual exemption from NASDAQ. Instead, a foreign
private issuer must provide NASDAQ with a letter from outside counsel in its
home country certifying that the issuer's corporate governance practices are not
prohibited by home country law.
In July 2005, pursuant to this new exception, we provided a notice to
NASDAQ required by Rule 4350, with a letter from our outside Israeli counsel
informing it that in keeping with Rule 4350(a)(1) we had elected to follow the
practices of our home country in lieu of those set forth in Rule 4350, to the
extent permitted thereby, and provided a letter from our outside Israeli counsel
certifying that our the practices being followed of amending employee share
option plans that do not permit the grant of options to directors upon the
approval of our board of directors, and without seeking shareholder approval
(which approval is required for NASDAQ-listed companies under Marketplace Rule
4350(i)), is in place thereof were not prohibited by Israeli law.
As provided by Rule 4350(a)(1), in lieu of the requirements of Rule 4350 we
have chosen to follow the practices of our home country with respect to the
following:
o We do not supply an annual report as required by Rule 4350(b)(1)(A),
but makes our audited financial statements available to our
shareholders prior to our annual general meeting.
o The majority of our Board of Directors is not comprised of directors
who meet the definition of independence contained in NASDAQ
Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15), as required by Rule 4350(c)(1). Under
the Companies Law a majority of the Board of Directors is not required
to be comprised of independent directors. In keeping with the
requirements of the Companies Law two of the members of our Board of
Directors are external directors, and are independent as defined under
Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Act.
o Our Board has not adopted a policy of conducting regularly scheduled
meetings at which only our independent directors are present, as
required by Rule 4350(c)(2). The Companies Law does not require our
external directors to conduct regularly scheduled meetings at which
only they are present.
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o The compensation of our chief executive officer and all other
executive officers is not determined, or recommended to the Board for
determination, in the manner required by Rule 4350(c)(3). In accord
with the Companies Law the compensation of the chief executive officer
and all other officers requires the approval of our Board of
Directors, however the compensation of our chief executive officer,
who also serves as a director, requires also the approval of our
shareholders.
o Director nominees are not selected, or recommended for the Board's
selection, as required by Rules 4350(c)(4)(A) and 4350(c)(4)(C).
o Our Board of Directors has not adopted a formal written charter or
board resolution addressing the nomination process and such related
matters as may be required under United States federal securities
laws, as required by Rule 4350(c)(4)(B).
o Although we have adopted a formal written audit committee charter,
there is no requirement under the Companies Law to do so and the
charter as adopted may not specify all the items enumerated in Rule
4350(d)(1).
o Our audit committee does not meet with all of the requirements of
Rules 4350(d)(2)(A)(i), 4350(d)(2)(A)(iii) and 4350(d)(2)(A)(iv).
Though all members are independent as such term is defined under Rule
10A-3 of the Exchange Act, the audit committee does not comply with
the foregoing Rule 4350 requirements, as permitted by the Companies
Law.
o Our articles of association do not provide for a quorum of not less
than 33 1/3% of the outstanding shares of our voting ordinary shares
for meetings of our ordinary shareholders, as required by Rule
4350(f). Our articles of association presently require a quorum
consisting of two shareholders holding a combined 33% of our ordinary
shares. Under the Companies Law a quorum consisting of two
shareholders holding a combined 25% of the company's voting shares is
required.
o We review and approve all related party transactions in accordance
with the requirements and procedures for approval of interested party
acts and transactions, set forth in the Companies Law, which do not
fully reflect the requirements of Rule 4350(h).
o We seek shareholder approval for all corporate action requiring such
approval, in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Law,
which does not fully reflect the requirements of Rule 4350(i).
We may in the future provide NASDAQ with an additional such letter or
letters notifying NASDAQ that we are following our own practices, consistent
with the Companies Law and practices in Israel in lieu of other requirements of
Marketplace Rule 4350.
MATERIAL CONTRACTS. Discussions of these agreements are incorporated herein
by reference to the discussion under the caption "Intellectual Property and
Licensing Agreements" in "Item 4".Information on the Company" and under the
caption "Fab 2 Agreements" in "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects" of this annual report.
FAB 2 AGREEMENTS. Since 2000, we have entered into several important Fab 2
agreements and arrangements with a key technology partner, wafer and equity
financing partners, the Israeli Investment Center and two leading Israeli banks.
Discussions of these agreements are incorporated herein by reference to the
discussion under the caption "Fab 2 Agreements" in "Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects" of this annual report and to Note 11A to the
consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS. Discussions of these
agreements are incorporated herein by reference to the discussion under the
caption "Intellectual Property and Licensing Agreements" in "Item 4".Information
on the Company" of this annual report.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
Under Israeli law, non-residents of Israel who purchase ordinary shares
with certain non-Israeli currencies (including US dollars) may freely repatriate
in such non-Israeli currencies all amounts received in Israeli currency in
respect of the ordinary shares, whether as a dividend, as a liquidating
distribution, or as proceeds from any sale in Israel of the ordinary shares,
provided in each case that any applicable Israeli income tax is paid or withheld
on such amounts. The conversion into the non-Israeli currency must be made at
the rate of exchange prevailing at the time of conversion.
Under Israeli law and our company's Articles, both residents and
non-residents of Israel may freely hold, vote and trade our ordinary shares.
TAXATION
The below discussion does not purport to be an official interpretation of
the tax law provisions mentioned therein or to be a comprehensive description of
all tax law provisions which might apply to our securities or to reflect the
views of the relevant tax authorities, and it is not meant to replace
professional advice in these matters. The below discussion is based on current,
applicable tax law, which may be changed by future legislation or reforms.
Non-residents should obtain professional tax advice with respect to the tax
consequences under the laws of their countries of residence of holding or
selling our securities.
ISRAELI CAPITAL GAINS TAX
Until the end of the year 2002 and provided we maintained our status as an
"Industrial Corporation", capital gains from the sale of our securities were
generally exempt from Israeli Capital Gains Tax. This exemption did not apply to
a shareholder whose taxable income was determined pursuant to the Israeli Income
Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments) 1985, or to a person whose gains from selling
or otherwise disposing of our securities were deemed to be business income.
On January 1, 2006 an amendment to the Israeli tax regime became effective
(the "2006 Tax Reform"). The 2006 Tax Reform significantly changed the tax rates
applicable to income derived from shares.
According to the 2006 Tax Reform, an individual is subject to a 20% tax
rate on real capital gains derived from the sale of shares, as long as the
individual is not a "substantial shareholder" (generally a shareholder with 10%
or more of the right to profits, right to nominate a director or voting rights)
in the company issuing the shares. The rate on the gains from publicly traded
shares applicable to gains that were realized between January 1, 2003 and
January 1, 2006 was 15%.
A substantial shareholder will be subject to tax at a rate of 25% in
respect of real capital gains derived from the sale of shares issued by the
company in which he or she is a substantial shareholder. The determination of
whether the individual is a substantial shareholder will be made on the date
that the securities are sold. In addition, the individual will be deemed to be a
substantial shareholder if at any time during the 12 months preceding this date
he or she had been a substantial shareholder.
Corporations will be subject to corporate tax rates in respect of total
income, including capital gains, with the corporate tax rate reduced gradually
from 34% in 2005 to 25% in 2010. However, between 2006 and 2009, corporations
whose taxable income was not determined, immediately before the 2006 Tax Reform
was published, pursuant to part B of the Israeli Income Tax Law (Inflationary
Adjustments), 1985 or pursuant to the Income Tax Regulations (Rules on
Bookkeeping by Foreign Invested Companies and Certain Partnership and
Determination of their Chargeable Income), 1984 will generally be taxed at a
rate of 25% on their capital gains from the sale of their securities.
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Non-Israeli residents are exempt from Israeli capital gains tax on any
gains derived from the sale of shares in an Israeli corporation publicly traded
on the TASE and/or on a foreign stock exchange, provided such gains do not
derive from a permanent establishment of such shareholders in Israel and that
such shareholders did not acquire their shares prior to the issuer's initial
public offering. However, non-Israeli corporations will not be entitled to such
exemption if an Israeli resident (i) has a controlling interest of 25% or more
in such non-Israeli corporation, or (ii) is the beneficiary of or is entitled to
25% or more of the revenues or profits of such non-Israeli corporation, whether
directly or indirectly.
In some instances where our shareholders may be liable to Israeli tax on
the sale of their ordinary shares, the payment of the consideration may be
subject to the withholding of Israeli tax at the source.
Pursuant to the treaty between the Governments of the United States and
Israel with respect to taxes on income, or the US-Israel tax treaty, the sale,
exchange or disposition of our ordinary shares by a person who qualifies as a
resident of the United States under the treaty and who is entitled to claim the
benefits afforded to him by the treaty, will generally not be subject to Israeli
capital gains tax. This exemption shall not apply to a person who held, directly
or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting power in our
company during any part of the 12-month period preceding the sale, exchange or
disposition, subject to certain conditions. A sale, exchange or disposition of
our shares by a US resident qualified under the treaty, who held, directly or
indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting power in our company
at any time during the preceding 12-month period would be subject to Israeli
tax, to the extent applicable; however, under the treaty, this US resident would
be permitted to claim a credit for these taxes against the US income tax with
respect to the sale, exchange or disposition, subject to the limitations in US
laws applicable to foreign tax credits.
ISRAELI TAX ON INTEREST INCOME AND ON ORIGINAL ISSUANCE DISCOUNT
Interest and Original Issuance Discount (OID) on our convertible debentures
will, in general, be subject to Israeli tax of up to 20% if received by an
individual. This reduced rate of tax will not apply if the interest and OID are
business income in the hands of the recipient, if the interest is recorded or
should be recorded in the individual's accounting books, if the recipient is a
substantial shareholder of our company, if financing expenses related to the
purchase of the debentures were deducted by the individual in the calculation of
the individual's Israeli taxable income, or if the individual is an employee,
supplier, or service provider of the company and the tax authorities have not
been persuaded that the payment of interest was not affected by the relationship
between the parties. In such cases the regular rate of tax on Interest and OID
of up to 49% will apply to the individual. Interest and OID paid to corporations
will be subject to corporate tax at the regular rates of 29% in 2007, 27% in
2008, 26% in 2009 and 25% in 2010 and thereafter. As a result of the provisions
related to tax withholding, as explained below, foreign resident individuals and
corporations will be subject to tax of 25% or less, according to the relevant
treaty relating to their domicile country.
Under regulations promulgated as part of the 2006 Tax Reform, withholding
tax at source from debenture interest and OID paid to resident individuals will,
in general, be at a rate of 20%. However, if the individual receiving the
interest and OID is a substantial shareholder, an employee, supplier or service
provider of the company, tax will be withheld at the marginal rates applicable
to individuals. Corporations will be subject to withholding tax at the
applicable rate of corporate tax as set out above. Withholding tax at source
from debenture interest and OID paid to non-resident individuals or corporations
will be at a rate of 25% or less, according to the relevant treaty relating to
their domicile country. In any event, under the US-Israel Tax Treaty, the
maximum Israeli tax withheld on interest and OID paid on our convertible
debentures due 2006 to a US treaty resident (other than a US bank, savings
institution or company) is 17.5%.
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ISRAELI TAX ON DIVIDEND INCOME
On distributions of dividends other than bonus shares, or stock dividends,
to Israeli individuals and foreign resident individuals and corporations we
would be required to withhold income tax at the rate of 20%. If the income out
of which the dividend is being paid is attributable to an Approved Enterprise
under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, the rate is
15%. A different rate may be provided for in a treaty between Israel and the
shareholder's country of residence.
Under the US-Israel Tax Treaty, Israeli withholding tax on dividends paid
to a US treaty resident may not, in general, exceed 25%, or 15% in the case of
dividends paid out of the profits of an Approved Enterprise. Where the recipient
is a US corporation owning 10% or more of the voting stock of the paying
corporation and the dividend is not paid from the profits of an Approved
Enterprise, the Israeli tax withheld may not exceed 12.5%, subject to certain
conditions.
PFIC RULES
A non-US corporation will be classified as a passive foreign investment
company, or a PFIC, for US federal income tax purposes if either (i) 75% or more
of its gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) on a
quarterly average for the taxable year by value (or, if it is not a publicly
traded corporation and so elects, by adjusted basis), 50% or more of its gross
assets produce or are held for the production of passive income.
We do not believe that we satisfied either of the tests for PFIC status in
2006 or in any prior year. However, there can be no assurance that we will not
be a PFIC in 2007 or a later year. If, for example, the "passive income" earned
by us exceeds 75% or more of our "gross income", we will be a PFIC under the
"income test". Passive income for PFIC purposes includes, among other things,
gross interest, dividends, royalties, rent and annuities. For manufacturing
businesses, gross income for PFIC purposes should be determined by reducing
total sales by the cost of goods sold. Although not free from doubt, if our cost
of goods sold exceeds our total sales by an amount greater than our passive
income, such that we are treated as if we had no gross income for PFIC purposes,
we believe that we would not be a PFIC as a result of the income test. However,
the tests for determining PFIC status are applied annually and it is difficult
to make accurate predictions of future income and assets, which are relevant to
the determination of PFIC status.
If we were to be a PFIC at any time during a US holder's holding period,
such US holder would be required to either: (i) pay an interest charge together
with tax calculated at maximum ordinary income tax rates on "excess
distributions," which is defined to include gain on a sale or other disposition
of ordinary shares, or (ii) so long as the ordinary shares are "regularly
traded" on a qualifying exchange, elect to recognize as ordinary income each
year the excess in the fair market value, if any, of its ordinary shares at the
end of the taxable year over such holder's adjusted basis in such ordinary
shares and, to the extent of prior inclusions of ordinary income, recognize
ordinary loss for the decrease in value of such ordinary shares (the "mark to
market" election). For this purpose, the NASDAQ National Market is a qualifying
exchange. US holders are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisers
regarding the possible application and consequences of the PFIC rules.
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DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
We are required to file reports and other information with the SEC under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations thereunder applicable to
foreign private issuers. Reports and other information filed by us with the SEC
may be inspected and copied at the SEC's public reference facilities described
below. Although as a foreign private issuer we are not required to file periodic
information as frequently or as promptly as United States companies, we
generally do publicly announce our quarterly and year-end results promptly and
file periodic information with the SEC under cover of Form 6-K. As a foreign
private issuer, we are also exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act
prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements and our officers,
directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and other
provisions in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
You may review and copy our filings with the SEC, including any exhibits
and schedules, at the SEC's public reference room at 100 F Street N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further
information on this public reference room. As a foreign private issuer, all
documents which were filed after November 4, 2002 on the SEC's EDGAR system will
be available for retrieval on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. These SEC
filings are also available to the public on the Israel Securities Authority's
Magna website at www.magna.isa.gov.il and from commercial document retrieval
services. We also generally make available on our own web site
(www.towersemi.com) our quarterly and year-end financial statements as well as
other information.
Any statement in this annual report about any of our contracts or other
documents is not necessarily complete. If the contract or document is filed as
an exhibit to a registration statement, the contract or document is deemed to
modify the description contained in this annual report. We urge you to review
the exhibits themselves for a complete description of the contract or document.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of loss related to changes in market prices,
including interest rates and foreign exchange rates, of financial instruments
and derivatives that may adversely impact our consolidated financial position,
results of operations or cash flows.
Our primary market risk exposures relate to interest rate movements on
borrowings, fluctuations of the exchange rate of the US dollar, which is the
primary currency in which we conduct our operations, against the NIS, the
Japanese Yen and the Euro. To manage those risks and mitigate our exposure to
them, we from time to time use financial instruments, primarily, interest rate
collar agreements with a knock-out and knock-in features, and foreign currency
forward contracts and options (including zero-cost cylinders).
All financial instruments are managed and controlled under a program of
risk management in accordance with established policies. These policies are
reviewed and approved by our board of directors. Our treasury operations are
subject to an internal audit on a regular basis. We do not hold derivative
financial instruments for speculative purposes, and we do not issue any
derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
RISK OF INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATION
We have market risk exposure to changes in interest rates on our long-term
debt obligations with floating interest rates. We have entered into debt
obligations to support our capital expenditures and needs. From time to time we
enter into interest rate collar agreements with knock-out and knock-in features
to modify our exposure to interest rate movements and to reduce our borrowing
costs. These agreements limit our exposure to the risks of fluctuating interest
rates by allowing us to convert a portion of the interest on our borrowings from
a variable rate to a limited variable rate. A knock-out LIBOR-based interest
rate collar is a combination of a purchased knock-out cap with a cap level,
floor level and a knock out level (and a knock in level for some of the
agreements).
- 75 -
We are subject to interest rate exposure in connection with $369 million
long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2006 under the Fab 2 facility
agreement, as such debt bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.1% per annum
(as amended in the September 2006 amendment to the Facility Agreement, as
described above). The interest rate as of December 31, 2006 on $162 million of
the Fab 2 loans, not subject to the results of our collar agreements, was 6.48%.
Our remaining loans of $207 million, were covered by the collar agreements as of
December 31, 2006, and bore annual interest rate as of such date, including the
results of our hedging activities described below, as follows: $127 million -
6.48%, $80 million - 5.1%, Following the September 2006 amendment to the
Facility Agreement, the loans are repayable in 12 equal consecutive quarterly
installments commencing September 30, 2009.
As of December 31, 2006, collar agreements in the amount of $207 million
were effective and gradually expire in 2007-2009. These agreements provide for
combinations as described below. Under the knock-out provision in these
agreements, in the event that the LIBOR rate exceeds the knock-out LIBOR rate
level during a particular quarter, the protection provided under the interest
collar agreements will not apply with respect to that entire quarter. If the
LIBOR rate decreases thereafter and remains below the knock-out LIBOR rate level
in any successive quarter for the duration of the entire quarter, the protection
provided under the interest rate collar will again be effective.
With respect to the $87 million of our Fab 2 credit facility debt, under
the terms of the collar agreements, if the LIBOR is below the floor rate of
4.30% we will pay total interest at the fixed rate of 5.4% (the 4.30% floor rate
plus 1.1%); if the LIBOR is between 4.30% and 5.56%, we will pay total interest
at the actual LIBOR plus 1.1%; if the LIBOR is between 5.56% and 7.50% we will
pay total interest at a fixed rate of 6.66% (the 5.56% cap rate plus 1.1%); and
if the LIBOR is higher than 7.50%, we will pay the actual LIBOR rate plus 1.1%.
On December 31, 2006, the LIBOR rate was 5.38%. Accordingly, as of such date the
interest rate on these long-term loans was 6.48% (the Libor rate of 5.38% plus
1.1%).
With respect to the $40 million of our Fab 2 credit facility debt, under
the terms of the collar agreements, if the LIBOR is below the floor rate of
2.80% we will pay total interest at the fixed rate of 3.90% (the 2.80% floor
rate plus 1.1%); if the LIBOR is between 2.80% and 5.50%, we will pay total
interest at actual LIBOR plus 1.1%; if the LIBOR is between 5.50% and 7.50% we
will pay total interest at a fixed rate of 6.60% (the 5.50% cap rate plus 1.1%);
and if the LIBOR is higher than 7.50%, we will pay the actual LIBOR rate plus
1.1%. At December 31, 2006, the LIBOR rate was 5.38%. Accordingly, as of such
date, the interest rate on these long-term loans was 6.48% (the Libor rate of
5.38% plus 1.1%).
With respect to the $80 million of our Fab 2 credit facility debt, under
the terms of the collar agreements, if the LIBOR is below the knock-in of 0.70%
we will pay total interest at the fixed rate of 3.85% (the 2.75% floor rate plus
1.1%); if the LIBOR is between 0.70% and 4.00%, we will pay total interest at
the actual LIBOR plus 1.1%; if the LIBOR is between 4.00% and 7.00% we will pay
total interest at a fixed rate of 5.1% (the 4.00% cap level plus 1.1%); and if
the LIBOR is higher than 7.00%, we will pay the actual LIBOR rate plus 1.1%. At
December 31, 2006, the LIBOR rate was 5.38Accordingly, as of such date, the
interest rate on these long-term loans was 5.1% (the cap level of 4.0% plus
1.1%).
All our collar agreements resulted in a gain of $0.9million in the year
ended December 31, 2006. The fair value of these agreements, as of December 31,
2006 was a $1.8 million gain.
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Assuming a 10% upward shift in the LIBOR rate at December 31, 2006 (from
5.38% to 5.9%), will increase our yearly interest payments. Considering our
collar agreements, an 10% increase in the LIBOR rate will increase our interest
payments on our $162 million loans not hedged by the collar agreements and will
partially increase our interest payments on our $127 million loans hedged by the
collar agreements with a CAP of 5.56% since such an increase in the Libor rate
will increase our interest payments up to the CAP level + 1.1%. Such an increase
in the Libor rate will not affect our interest payments on our $80 million loans
hedged by the collar with a CAP level of 4% since the interest payments will
remain based on the CAP level + 1.1%. Giving effect to all the above, assuming a
10% upward shift in the LIBOR rate at December 31, 2006 (from 5.38% to 5.9%),
will increase our yearly interest payments in 2007 by $1.1 million.
Our cash equivalents and interest-bearing deposits are exposed to market
risk due to fluctuation in interest rates, which may affect our interest income
and the fair market value of our investments. We manage this exposure by
performing ongoing evaluations of our investments in those deposits. Due to the
short maturities of our investments, their carrying value approximates their
fair value.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK
We are exposed to the risk of fluctuation in the NIS/dollar exchange rate
with respect to our 2002 and 2006 convertible debentures. As of December 31,
2006, we were exposed to the risk of fluctuation in the NIS/dollar exchange rate
with respect to our exercise price of our Options (Series 4) issued in 2006,
which is denominated in NIS and linked to the Consumer Price Index in Israel
(CPI). As of December 31, 2006 the adjusted outstanding principal amount of the
2002 and 2006 convertible debentures was $68.7 million and the adjusted exercise
price of the options (Series 4) was $7.4. The dollar amount of our finance costs
(interest and currency adjustments) related to the 2002 and 2006 convertible
debentures will be increased if the rate of inflation in Israel is not offset
(or is offset on a lagging basis) by the devaluation of the NIS in relation to
the dollar. In addition, the dollar amount of any repayment on account of the
principal of the 2002 and 2006 convertible debentures will be increased as well.
If the devaluation of the NIS against the dollar is greater than the rate of
inflation in Israel, the dollar amounts we may raise on the date of exercising
our NIS denominated options linked to the CPI will be decreased. From the date
of the issuance of the 2002 convertible debentures in January 2002 until
December 31, 2006, the Israel consumer price index increased by 8.2% while the
US dollar/NIS exchange rate decreased by 7.8% and from the date of the issuance
of the 2006 convertible debentures and Options (Series 4) in June 2006 until
December 31, 2006, the Israel consumer price index did not increase while the US
dollar/NIS exchange rate decreased by 5.6%.
The 2002 convertible debentures bear annual interest at a fixed rate of
4.7%. The debentures are payable in four annual installments commencing in
January 2006. The 2005 convertible debentures are denominated in USD and bear
annual interest at the rate of 5%. The principle of the debentures, together
with accrued interest, will be payable in one installment on January 12, 2012.
The 2006 convertible debentures carry a zero coupon with principal payable at
maturity in December 2011, at a premium of 37% over face value. Therefore, we
are not subject to exposure to interest rate fluctuations with respect to the
debentures. However, in case the actual market interest rates are lower than the
interest rate provided on the convertible debentures, our actual finance costs
would be higher than in case our convertible debentures bear floating interest
rate.
Our main foreign currency exposures other than convertible debentures and
options, are associated with exchange rate movements of the US dollar, our
functional and reporting currency, against the Japanese Yen, the Euro and the
NIS. To protect against reductions in value and the volatility of future cash
flows caused by changes in foreign exchange rates, we utilize foreign currency
forward contracts and options (including zero-cost cylinder options) in order to
minimize part of the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on our financial
position and results of operations. A cylinder option is a combination of a
purchased call option and a written put option. The exercise prices of the
options may not be identical and this effectively creates a synthetic range
forward. The maturity dates of the options coincide with the scheduled payments
to suppliers.
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Accordingly, we enter, from time to time, into foreign currency agreements
to hedge exposure to equipment purchase commitments and other firm commitments.
Most of our agreements to hedge equipment purchase commitments are designated to
eliminate exposure changes in the Japanese Yen and the Euro vis-a-vis the US
dollar. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we did not have any such
transactions.
We enter from time to time into foreign exchange agreements to hedge
exposure relating to Value Added Tax (VAT), grants receivables and payroll
payments denominated in NIS. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we did not
have any such transaction.
We are exposed to currency risk in the event of default by the other
parties of the exchange transaction. We estimate the likelihood of such default
to occur is remote, as the other parties are widely recognized and reputable
Israeli banks.
Assuming a 10% revaluation of the NIS against the US dollar on December 31,
2006 (from 4.225 to 3.80), the effective fair value of our liabilities net of
assets denominated in NIS (mainly vendors, convertible debentures and
liabilities in regard to employees ) would have increased in approximately $6.5
million.
IMPACT OF INFLATION
We believe that the rate of inflation in Israel has had a minor effect on
our business to date. However, our dollar costs in Israel will increase if
inflation in Israel exceeds the devaluation of the NIS against the dollar or if
the timing of such devaluation lags behind inflation in Israel.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the
acting Chief Financial Officer, of the design and operation of our disclosure
controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer
and acting Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2006, our
disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported,
within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to ensure
that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or
submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated
to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial
officers, or persons performing similar functions, as required to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosures.
There have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other
factors that could significantly affect disclosure controls and procedures
subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that a member of our audit committee,
Ms. Miri Katz, is an audit committee financial expert and is independent as
defined by NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4350.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers
and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, acting Chief Financial
Officer, controller, and persons performing similar functions. We have posted
our code of ethics on our website, www.towersemi.com under "About Tower".
- 79 -
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by our
independent registered public accounting firm for audit services, audit-related
services and for tax services in k$:
2006 2005
--- ---
(US DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
----------------
Audit fees (1) 235 325
Audit-related fees (2) 20 3
Tax fees (3) 9 9
Other -- --
--- ---
264 337
=== ===
----------------
(1) Audit fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit
of our consolidated financial statements, services in connection with
statutory and regulatory filings and engagements (including review of Forms
20-F, F-1, F-3 and S-8), and reviews of our unaudited interim consolidated
financial statements included in our quarterly reports.
(2) Audit related fees consist of accounting consultation and consultation on
financial accounting standards, not arising as part of the audit.
(3) Tax fees consist of fees for tax compliance services, tax planning and tax
advice.
Our audit committee's charter states that the audit committee is
responsible for receiving specific information on the independent auditor's
proposed services and for pre-approving all audit services annually and
separately approving any other permitted non-audit related services. All of the
non-audit services provided in 2005 and 2006 were pre-approved without reliance
on the Waiver Provisions in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C)of Regulation 6
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED
PURCHASERS.
Not Applicable.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Index to Financial Statements following the signature page.
- 80 -
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
1.1 Articles of Association of the Registrant, approved by shareholders on
November 14, 2000, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form F-1, File No. 333-126909, "Form F-1
No. 333-126909").
1.2 Amendment to Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 No.
333-117565 ("Form S-8 No. 333-117565").
1.3 Amendment to the Articles of Association of the Registrant (approved by
shareholders on September 28, 2006) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-138837 (the
"2006 Form S-8").
2.1 Bank Warrants, dated January 18, 2001, between the Registrant and Bank
Hapoalim B.M. and Bank Leumi Le-Israel B.M. (incorporated by reference to
exhibit 2.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended
December 31, 2000 (the "2000 Form 20-F")).
2.2 Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, by and between
SanDisk Corporation, Israel Corporation, Alliance Semiconductor Ltd. and
Macronix International Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 2.2 to
the 2000 Form 20-F).
2.3 Terms of the Registrant's Convertible Debentures issued under an
Indenture, dated January 22, 2002, (incorporated by reference to the summary of
terms included under the caption "Description of the Debentures" in Exhibit C to
the Registrant's Report on Form 6-K for January 2002 (No. 2), filed January 16,
2002 ("January 2002 Form 6-K")).
2.4 Terms of the Registrant's Options (Series 1) (incorporated by reference
to the summary of terms included under the caption "Description of the Options"
in Exhibit C to the January 2002 Form 6-K).
2.5 Form of Indenture (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.2 to the
Registrant's Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A No.
333-126909 (the "Form F-1 No. 333-126909").
2.6 Form of Note for the Debentures (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as exhibit 4.2 to Form F-1 No. 333-126909 ).
2.7 First Amendment to a Warrant Issued on December 11, 2003 to Tarshish
Hahzakot Vehashkaot Hapoalim Ltd., dated September 28, 2006 (incorporated by
reference to exhibit 99.14 of the November 2006 Form 6-K).
2.8 First Amendment to a Warrant Issued on December 11, 2003 to Bank Leumi
Le-Israel, dated September 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.15
of the November 2006 Form 6-K).
2.9 First Amendment to a Warrant Issued on August 4, 2005 to Bank Hapoalim
B.M., dated September 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.16 of
the November 2006 Form 6-K).
2.10 First Amendment to a Warrant Issued on August 4, 2005 to Bank Leumi
Le- Israel B.M., dated September 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to exhibit
99.17 of the November 2006 Form 6-K).
2.11 Form of Series I Warrant (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.6 of
the March 2007 Form 6-K).
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2.12 Form of Series II Warrant (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.7
of the March 2007 Form 6-K).
3.1 Consolidated Shareholders Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, by and
between SanDisk Corporation, Israel Corporation, Alliance Semiconductor Ltd. and
Macronix International Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.1 Share Purchase Agreement, dated July 4, 2000, by and between SanDisk
Corporation and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.2 Additional Purchase Obligation Agreement, dated July 4, 2000, by and
between SanDisk Corporation ("SanDisk") and the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.3 Share Purchase Agreement, dated August 29, 2000, by and between
Alliance Semiconductor Corporation ("Alliance") and the Registrant (incorporated
by reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.4 Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 11, 2000, by and between
QuickLogic Corporation ("QuickLogic") and the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.5 Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 12, 2000, by and between
Macronix International Co., Ltd. ("Macronix") and the Registrant (incorporated
by reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.6 Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 12, 2000, between Israel
Corporation and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.7 Additional Purchase Obligation Agreement, dated December 12, 2000,
between Israel Corporation and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.8 Share Purchase Agreement, dated February 11, 2001, between The
Challenge Fund - Etgar II and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.9 Facility Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, among the Registrant, Bank
Hapoalim B.M. and Bank Leumi Le-Israel B.M. (the "Facility Agreement")
(incorporated by reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000
Form 20-F).
4.10 Design and Construction/Turn-Key Contract, dated August 20, 2000,
among the Registrant, M+W Zander Holding GmbH, Meissner-Baran Ltd. and Baran
Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to the correspondingly-numbered exhibit to
the 2000 Form 20-F).
4.11 Approval, dated December 31, 2000, of the Israeli Investment Center
(Hebrew language document; a summary of the terms is included in the 2000 Form
20-F under the caption "Fab 2 Agreements" in "Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects") (incorporated by reference to the
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2000 Form 20-F).
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4.12 Agreement between the Registrant and Saifun, dated October 9, 1997
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 1997).
4.13 Registrant's Non-Employee Director Share Option Plan 2000/3
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 No. 333-83204 ("Form S-8 No. 333-83204")).
4.14 Form of Grant Letter for Non-Employee Directors Share Option Plan
2001/4 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.9 to the Form S-8 No. 333-83204).
4.15 Form of Grant Letter for Non-Employee Directors Share Option Plan
2001/5 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.10 to the Form S-8 No.
333-83204).
4.16 Wafer Partner Conversion Agreements, dated September 2001, between the
Registrant and each of SanDisk, Alliance and Macronix (incorporated by reference
to exhibit 4.17 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year
ended December 31, 2001 (the "2001 Form 20-F)).
4.17 Letter Agreement, dated November 29, 2001, among SanDisk, Alliance,
Macronix, QuickLogic and the Registrant regarding the Utilization of Prepayments
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.18 to the 2001 Form 20-F).
4.18 Letter Agreements among Alliance, Macronix, QuickLogic, Israel Corp.
and the Registrant and between SanDisk and the Registrant regarding Additional
Wafer Partner Financing Date (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.19 to the
2001 Form 20-F).
4.19 Letter Agreement, dated November 15, 2001, among SanDisk, Alliance,
Macronix, QuickLogic, ICTech and the Registrant regarding Amendment to Financing
Plan (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.20 to the 2001 Form 20-F).
4.20 First Amendment, dated January 29, 2001, to the Facility Agreement
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.21 to the 2001 Form 20-F).
4.21 Second Amendment, dated January 10, 2002, to Facility Agreement
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.22 to the 2001 Form 20-F).
4.22 Third Amendment, dated March 7, 2002, to the Facility Agreement
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.23 to the 2001 Form 20-F).
4.23 Joint Development and Transfer and Cross License Agreement, dated May
2002, between the Registrant and a Japanese manufacturer (incorporated by
reference to exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
F-2, No. 333-97043).
4.24 Technology License Agreement, dated April 7, 2000, between the
Registrant and Toshiba Corporation (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.4 to
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form F-2, No. 333-97043). (Portions
of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential
treatment.)
4.25 Technology Transfer License Agreement, dated September 2002, between
Registrant and Motorola, Inc. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.5 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form F-2, No. 333-97043). (Portions of
this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential
treatment.)
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4.26 Fourth Amendment, dated April 29, 2002, to the Facility Agreement
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.27 to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002 (the "2002 Form 20-F)).
4.27 Fifth Amendment dated September 18, 2002 to the Facility Agreement
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.28 to the 2002 Form 20-F).
4.28 Amendment to Fifth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated October
22, 2002, to the Facility Agreement (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.29
to the2002 Form 20-F).
4.29 Letter Agreement, dated March 2002, among SanDisk, Alliance, Macronix,
ICTech and Challenge Fund to advance Third and Fourth Milestone Payments
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.30 to the 2002 Form 20-F).
4.30 Letter Agreement, dated July 2002, among SanDisk, Alliance, Macronix,
and ICTech to exercise rights distributed in rights offering (incorporated by
reference to exhibit 4.31 to the 2002 Form 20-F).
4.31 Letter Agreement, dated March 2003, among SanDisk, Alliance, Macronix,
ICTech, and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.32 to the
2002 Form 20-F).
4.32 Form of Rights Agent Agreement between the Registrant and American
Stock Transfer & Trust Company (including form of Rights Certificate)
(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form F-2, No. 333-97043).
4.33 Form of Warrant Agreement between the Registrant and American Stock
Transfer & Trust Company (including form of Warrant Certificate) (incorporated
by reference to exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
F-2, No. 333-97043).
4.34 Reserved.
4.35 Investment Center Agreement related to Fab 1, dated November 13, 2001
(English translation of Hebrew original) (incorporated by reference to exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form F-2, No. 333-97043).
4.36 Development and License Agreement, dated March 31, 2002, between
Virage Logic Corporation and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
exhibit 4.37 to the 2002 Form 20-F). (Portions of this exhibit have been omitted
pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.)
4.37 Master Services and License Agreement, dated June 2002, between
Artisan Components, Inc. and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
exhibit 4.38 to the 2002 Form 20-F).
4.38 Seventh Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated November 11, 2003,
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant's Report on Form
6-K filed on December 17, 2003).
4.39 Undertaking of the Registrant, dated November 11, 2003 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Registrant's Report on Form 6-K filed on
December 17, 2003).
4.40 Letter Agreement, dated November 11, 2003, by and among the
Registrant, Israel Corporation Technologies, SanDisk Corporation, Alliance
Semiconductor Corporation and Macronix International Co., Ltd. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.4 of the Registrant's Report on Form 6-K filed on
December 17, 2003).
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4.41 Foundry Agreement, dated May 12, 2004, between the Registrant and
Siliconix incorporated (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.42 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004
(the " 2004 Form 20-F)). (Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to
a request for confidential treatment.)
4.42 Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 8, 2004, between the
Registrant and the Purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to
exhibit 4.43 to the 2004 Form 20-F).
4.43 Agreement, dated December 31, 2004, by and among the Registrant and
the Purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.44 to the
2004 Form 20-F).
4.44 Employee Share Option Plan 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.3 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 No. 333-117565 ("Form
S-8 No. 333-117565").
4.45 Form of Grant Letter to Israeli Employees (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-8 No. 333-117565).
4.46 Form of Grant Letter to US Employees (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.5 to Form S-8 No. 333-117565).
4.47 Bank Warrants, dated August 2005, between the Registrant and Bank
Hapoalim B.M. and Bank Leumi Le-Israel B.M (incorporated by reference to
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F
for the year ended December 31, 2005 (the "2005 Form 20-F").
4.48 Ninth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated July 2005, dated July
24, 2005 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.5 to the Form F-1 No.
333-126909 ("Form F-1 No. 333-126909").
4.49 Tenth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated September 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Form F-1 No. 333-126909).
4.50 Eleventh Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated October 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form F-1 No. 333-126909).
4.51 Twelfth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated November 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Form F-1 No. 333-126909).
4.52 Thirteenth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated May 2006
(incorporated by reference to correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31,
2006"2006 Form 20-F").
4.53 Fourteenth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated May 2006
(incorporated by reference to correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2006 Form
20-F).
4.54 Fifteenth Amendment to the Facility Agreement, dated June 2006
(incorporated by reference to correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2006 Form
20-F).
4.55 Reserved.
4.56 Form of Rights Agent Agreement with Rights Certificate Attached
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form F-1 No. 333-126909).
- 85 -
4.57 Development and License Agreement, dated July 2005, between Impinj,
Inc. and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to correspondingly-numbered
exhibit to the 2005 Form 20-F). (Portions of this exhibit have been omitted
pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.)
4.58 License and Design Agreement, dated January 10, 2003 between Chipidea
Microelectronics S.A. and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2005 Form 20-F). (Portions of this
exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.)
4.59 Amendment to Design Agreement of January 2003 between Chipidea
Microelectronics S.A. and the Registrant, dated June 2005 (incorporated by
reference to correspondingly-numbered exhibit to the 2005 Form 20-F). (Portions
of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential
treatment.)
4.60 License Agreement, dated April 29, 2004, between Synopsys, Inc. and
the Registrant (incorporated by reference to correspondingly-numbered exhibit to
the 2005 Form 20-F). (Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a
request for confidential treatment.)
4.62 Employee Share Option Plan 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.3 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.63 Form of Grant Letter to Israeli Employees (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.4 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.64 Form of Grant Letter to US Employees (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.5 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.65 CEO Share Option Plan 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6
of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.66 Option Grant Letter Agreement - CEO Share Option Plan 2005 from the
Registrant to Russell Ellwanger, dated July 15, 2005 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.7 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.67 Option Grant Letter Agreement - CEO Share Option Plan 2005 from the
Registrant to Russell Ellwanger, dated September 28, 2006 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.68 Option Grant Letter Agreement - CEO Share Option Plan 2005 from Tower
Semiconductor USA, Inc. to Russell Ellwanger, dated July 15, 2005 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.9 of the 2006 Form S-8).
4.69 Equity Convertible Capital Note, dated September 28, 2006, issued to
Israel Corporation Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 of the Form
6-K for the month of November 2006 No. 6 filed on November 7, 2006 (the
"November 2006 Form 6-K")).
4.70 Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 28, 2006, with Israel
Corporation Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 of the November 2006
Form 6-K).
4.71 Amending Agreement, dated August 24, 2006, with Bank Hapoalim B.M. and
Bank Leumi Le-Israel B.M., to the Facility Agreement (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 99.6 of the November 2006 Form 6-K).
- 86 -
4.72 Facility Agreement, as amended and restated by the parties through
August 24, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.7 of the November 2006
Form 6-K).
4.73 Conversion Agreement, dated September 28, 2006, with Bank Hapoalim
B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.8 of the November 2006 Form 6-K).
4.74 Conversion Agreement, dated September 28, 2006, with Bank Leumi
Le-Israel B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.9 of the November 2006
Form 6-K).
4.75 Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 28, 2006, with Bank
Hapoalim B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.10 of the November 2006
Form 6-K).
4.76 Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 28, 2006, with Bank
Leumi Le-Israel B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.11 of the November
2006 Form 6-K).
4.77 Equity Convertible Capital Note, dated September 28, 2006, issued to
Bank Hapoalim B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.12 of the November
2006 Form 6-K).
4.78 Equity Convertible Capital Note, dated September 28, 2006, issued to
Bank Leumi Le-Israel B.M. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.13 of the
November 2006 Form 6-K).
4.79 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 of the Form 6-K for the month of March 2007 No.1 filed on March 15,
2007 (the "March 2007 Form 6-K")).
4.80 Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 of the March 2007 Form 6-K).
4.81 Loan Agreement, dated August 2006, between the Registrant and SanDisk
Corporation.
12.1 Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
12.2 Certification by Acting Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section
302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.1 Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.2 Certification by Acting Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
14.1 Consent of Brightman Almagor & Co.
- 87 -
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing
on Form 20-F and has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 25th day of June, 2007.
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD.
By: /s/ Russell C. Ellwanger
----------------------------
Russell C. Ellwanger
Chief Executive Officer
- 88 -
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F-1
BALANCE SHEETS F-2
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS F-3
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY F-4
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS F-5
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-6-F-75
Brightman Almagor
1 Azrieli Center
Tel Aviv 67021
P.O.B. 16593, Tel Aviv 61164
Israel
Tel: +972 (3) 608 5555
Fax: +972 (3) 609 4022
info@deloitte.co.il
www.deloitte.com
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND THE SHAREHOLDERS OF
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tower
Semiconductor Ltd. and subsidiary ("the Company") as of December 31, 2006 and
2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in
shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's Board of Directors and management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the
Company and subsidiary as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the consolidated
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2006, in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in Israel.
Accounting principles generally accepted in Israel vary in certain significant
respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. The effect of the application of the latter on the financial position,
results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the years presented
is summarized in Note 19.
/s/ BRIGHTMAN ALMAGOR & CO.
BRIGHTMAN ALMAGOR & CO.
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
A MEMBER FIRM OF DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU
Tel Aviv, Israel
February 7, 2007
F - 1
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
NOTE 2006 2005
--------- --------- ---------
A S S E T S
CURRENT ASSETS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS $ 39,710 $ 7,337
SHORT-TERM INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS 1,230 -
DESIGNATED CASH AND SHORT-TERM INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS - 31,661
TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE: 13
RELATED PARTIES 13,625 5,309
OTHERS 17,873 11,467
OTHER RECEIVABLES 3 5,425 9,043
INVENTORIES 4 41,101 24,376
OTHER CURRENT ASSETS 1,473 1,048
--------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 120,437 90,241
--------- ---------
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 5 532,954 510,645
--------- ---------
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET 6 44,981 61,441
--------- ---------
OTHER ASSETS , NET 1,346 16,359
========= =========
TOTAL ASSETS $ 699,718 $ 678,686
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
CURRENT MATURITIES OF LONG-TERM DEBT 8 $ - $ 21,103
CURRENT MATURITIES OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 9 6,632 6,453
TRADE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 55,128 59,741
OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 7 22,096 8,972
--------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 83,856 96,269
LONG-TERM DEBT FROM BANKS 8 356,947 497,000
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 9 62,175 19,358
LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS' ADVANCES 11A 46,042 59,621
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES 10 17,708 11,012
--------- ---------
TOTAL LIABILITIES 566,728 683,260
--------- ---------
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 9 - 25,493
--------- ---------
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
ORDINARY SHARES, NIS 1.00 PAR VALUE - AUTHORIZED
800,000,000 AND 500,000,000 SHARES, RESPECTIVELY;
ISSUED 102,052,767 AND 68,232,056 SHARES, RESPECTIVELY 11A, 12 24,187 16,548
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL 11A, 12 564,580 522,237
CAPITAL NOTES 12C 176,401 -
EQUITY COMPONENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND CUMULATIVE
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION 9 23,576 (26)
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT (646,682) (559,754)
--------- ---------
142,062 (20,995)
TREASURY STOCK, AT COST - 1,300,000 SHARES 12D (9,072) (9,072)
--------- ---------
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) 132,990 (30,067)
========= =========
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 699,718 $ 678,686
========= =========
SEE NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F - 2
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------
Note 2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- --------- ---------
REVENUES 13
SALES $ 187,438 $ 93,991 $ 124,111
REVENUES RELATED TO A JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT 11B(2) - 8,000 1,944
--------- --------- ---------
187,438 101,991 126,055
COST OF SALES 267,390 238,358 228,410
--------- --------- ---------
GROSS LOSS (79,952) (136,367) (102,355)
--------- --------- ---------
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 14,984 16,029 17,053
MARKETING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE 24,512 17,418 21,297
--------- --------- ---------
39,496 33,447 38,350
========= ========= =========
OPERATING LOSS (119,448) (169,814) (140,705)
FINANCING EXPENSE, NET 14 (48,148) (35,651) (29,745)
GAIN ON DEBT RESTRUCTURING 11A(6) 80,071 - -
OTHER INCOME, NET 15 597 2,383 32,682
--------- --------- ---------
LOSS FOR THE YEAR $ (86,928) $(203,082) $(137,768)
========= ========= =========
BASIC LOSS PER ORDINARY SHARE
LOSS PER SHARE $ (1.05) $ (3.06) $ (2.13)
========= ========= =========
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF ORDINARY
SHARES OUTSTANDING - IN THOUSANDS 82,581 66,371 64,717
========= ========= =========
SEE NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F - 3
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
EQUITY
COMPONENT
OF
CONVERTIBLE
PROCEEDS DEBENTURES
ON AND
ORDINARY SHARES ADDITIONAL ACCOUNT OF CUMULATIVE
--------------------------- PAID-IN SHARE CAPITAL STOCK BASED ACCUMULATED TREASURY
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL CAPITAL NOTES COMPENSATION DEFICIT STOCK TOTAL
----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ---------- -----------
BALANCE - JANUARY 1, 2004 52,996,097 $ 13,150 $ 427,881 $ 16,428 $ - $ (26) $ (218,904) (9,072) $ 229,457
ISSUANCE OF SHARES 2,463,949 553 16,414 (16,428) 539
ISSUANCE OF SHARES, NET OF RELATED COSTS -
PUBLIC OFFERING 11,444,500 2,550 72,536 75,086
EXERCISE OF SHARE OPTIONS 95,250 21 645 666
LOSS FOR THE YEAR (137,768) (137,768)
----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ---------- -----------
BALANCE - DECEMBER 31, 2004 66,999,796 $ 16,274 $ 517,476 $ - $ - $ (26) $ (356,672) $ (9,072) $ 167,980
ISSUANCE OF SHARES 1,232,260 274 1,520 1,794
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION RELATED TO THE
FACILITY AGREEMENT WITH THE BANKS, NOTE 12B(5) 2,793 2,793
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION RELATED TO RIGHTS OFFERED
TO EMPLOYEES, NOTE 12I 448 448
LOSS FOR THE YEAR (203,082) (203,082)
----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ---------- -----------
BALANCE - DECEMBER 31, 2005 68,232,056 $ 16,548 $ 522,237 $ - $ - $ (26) $ (559,754) $ (9,072) $ (30,067)
ISSUANCE OF SHARES 16,729,145 3,860 21,235 25,095
EQUITY COMPONENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 27,997 27,997
CONVERSION OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES TO SHARES 16,734,316 3,696 14,681 (7,758) 10,619
ISSUANCE OF WARRANTS 1,803 1,803
EMPLOYEE STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION 3,363 3,363
EXERCISE OF OPTIONS 7,250 2 9 11
EXERCISE OF WARRANTS 350,000 81 469 550
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION RELATED TO
THE FACILITY AGREEMENT WITH THE BANKS 4,146 4,146
CAPITAL NOTES 176,401 176,401
LOSS FOR THE YEAR (86,928) (86,928)
----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ---------- -----------
BALANCE - DECEMBER 31, 2006 102,052,767 $ 24,187 $ 564,580 $ - $176,401 $ 23,576 $ (646,682) $ (9,072) $ 132,990
=========== =========== =========== ======== ======== ======== ============ ========== ===========
SEE NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F - 4
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
CASH FLOWS - OPERATING ACTIVITIES
LOSS FOR THE YEAR $ (86,928) $(203,082) $(137,768)
Adjustments to reconcile loss for the year
TO NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
INCOME AND EXPENSE ITEMS NOT INVOLVING CASH FLOWS:
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION 154,794 144,852 121,067
EFFECT OF INDEXATION AND TRANSLATION ON CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 2,569 (1,031) 676
OTHER INCOME, NET (597) (2,383) (32,682)
CHANGES IN ASSETS AND LIABILITIES:
DECREASE (INCREASE) IN TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (14,722) 2,510 (7,655)
DECREASE (INCREASE) IN OTHER RECEIVABLES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (2,662) 1,988 (413)
DECREASE (INCREASE) IN INVENTORIES (16,725) 1,293 (6,287)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN TRADE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (2,073) 3,082 404
GAIN ON DEBT RESTRUCTURING (80,071) - -
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 6,551 (1,839) (970)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES (3,285) (5,368) 9,344
--------- --------- ---------
(43,149) (59,978) (54,284)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS' ADVANCES, NET (2,306) (760) 19,384
--------- --------- ---------
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES (45,455) (60,738) (34,900)
--------- --------- ---------
CASH FLOWS - INVESTING ACTIVITIES
DECREASE (INCREASE) IN DESIGNATED CASH, SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM
INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS, NET 31,661 27,266 (10,037)
INVESTMENTS IN PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (145,165) (38,878) (154,975)
INVESTMENT GRANTS RECEIVED 5,219 7,496 32,636
PROCEEDS RELATED TO SALE AND DISPOSAL OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 600 2,179 2,626
INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ASSETS (5,074) (3,841) (702)
INCREASE IN SHORT-TERM INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS (1,230) - -
PROCEEDS FROM SALE OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT - - 38,677
--------- --------- ---------
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (113,989) (5,778) (91,775)
--------- --------- ---------
CASH FLOWS - FINANCING ACTIVITIES
PROCEEDS FROM ISSUANCE OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES, NET 58,766 25,086 -
PROCEEDS FROM LONG-TERM DEBT 18,295 21,103 66,000
PROCEEDS FROM ISSUANCE OF ORDINARY SHARES, NET 17,483 - 75,225
PROCEEDS ON ACCOUNT OF A WARRANT 550 - -
PROCEEDS FROM ISSUANCE OF WARRANTS 3,190 - -
PROCEEDS ON ACCOUNT OF SHARE CAPITAL 100,000 - -
REPAYMENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBEBNTURE (6,476) - -
PROCEEDS FROM EXERCISE OF SHARE OPTIONS 9 666
--------- --------- ---------
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES 191,817 46,189 141,891
========= ========= =========
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 32,373 (20,327) 15,216
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF YEAR 7,337 27,664 12,448
--------- --------- ---------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF YEAR $ 39,710 $ 7,337 $ 27,664
========= ========= =========
NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
INVESTMENTS IN PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT $ 39,913 $ 12,999 $ 47,675
========= ========= =========
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION RELATED TO
THE FACILITY AGREEMENT WITH THE BANKS $ 4,146 $ 2,793 $ -
========= ========= =========
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION RELATED TO RIGHTS OFFERED
TO EMPLOYEES, NOTE 12I $ - $ 448 $ -
========= ========= =========
INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ASSETS $ 433 $ 442 $ -
========= ========= =========
CONVERSION OF LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS' ADVANCES
TO SHARE CAPITAL $ 7,621 $ 1,794 $ 539
========= ========= =========
CONVERSION OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES TO SHARES CAPITAL $ 10,619 $ - $ -
========= ========= =========
CONVERSION OF LONG TERM DEBT TO CAPITAL NOTES $ 76,401 $ - $ -
========= ========= =========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
CASH PAID DURING THE YEAR FOR INTEREST $ 35,008 $ 32,805 $ 25,205
========= ========= =========
CASH PAID DURING THE YEAR FOR INCOME TAXES $ 134 $ 86 $ 130
========= ========= =========
SEE NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F - 5
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND GENERAL
A. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Tower Semiconductor Ltd. ("the Company"), incorporated in Israel,
commenced operations in 1993. The Company is an independent wafer
foundry dedicated to the manufacture of semiconductor integrated
circuits on silicon wafers, strategically focused on complementary
metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, embedded non-volatile
memory, mixed signal and radio frequency CMOS (RFCMOS) technologies.
The Company manufactures integrated circuits in geometries ranging
between 1.0 and 0.35 microns at its 150-millimeter fabrication
facility ("Fab 1"), and in geometries ranging between 0.18 and 0.13
microns at its 200-millimeter fabrication facility ("Fab 2"). As a
foundry, the Company manufactures wafers using its advanced
technological capabilities and the proprietary integrated circuit
designs of its customers.
The industry in which the Company operates is characterized by wide
fluctuations in supply and demand. Such industry is also characterized
by the complexity and sensitivity of the manufacturing process, by
high levels of fixed costs, and by the need for constant improvements
in production technology.
The Company's Ordinary Shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Market
and on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange.
B. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY'S SECOND FABRICATION
FACILITY (FAB 2)
In 2001, the Company's Board of Directors approved the establishment
of the Company's second wafer fabrication facility in Israel ("Fab
2"). In Fab 2, the Company manufactures semiconductor integrated
circuits on silicon wafers in geometries of 0.18 micron and below on
200-millimeter wafers. In connection with the establishment, equipping
and financing of Fab 2, the Company has entered into several related
agreements and other arrangements and since 2001 has completed public
and private financing deals, see Note 11A.
The Fab 2 project is a complex undertaking, which entails substantial
risks and uncertainties. For further details concerning the Fab 2
project and related agreements, some of which were amended several
times, see Note 11A.
F - 6
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND GENERAL (cont.)
C. FINANCING OF THE COMPANY'S ONGOING OPERATIONS
In recent years, the Company has experienced significant recurring
losses, recurring negative cash flows from operating activities and an
increasing accumulated deficit. The Company is working in various ways
to mitigate its financial difficulties and among them are the
following:
During the second half of 2005 and during 2006, the Company increased
its customer base, mainly in Fab 2, modified its organizational
structure to better address its customers and its market positioning,
improved its sales and its EBITDA, reduced its losses, increased its
capacity level and utilization rates, raised funds totaling
approximately $209,000 in gross proceeds (see Notes 12C(2); 12I; 12J;
and 12K) and restructured its bank debt (see below).
In March 2006, the board of directors of the Company approved a plan
to ramp-up Fab 2 in order to meet customer needs and product
qualification needs, based on its customer pipeline and reinforced by
forecasted market conditions.
As part of the financing efforts for the ramp-up plan, in September
2006, the Company closed a definitive amendment (the "September 2006
amendment") to its facility agreement (the "Facility Agreement") with
two leading Israeli banks ("Banks"), for the restructuring of
approximately $527,000 in debt. Pursuant to the September 2006
amendment, among other things: (i) $158,000, representing
approximately 30% of the outstanding debt under the Facility
Agreement, was converted into capital notes of the Company; (ii) the
interest rate applicable for the quarterly actual interest payments on
the loans was decreased by 1.4%, from LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum to
LIBOR plus 1.1% per annum, effective from May 17, 2006; and (iii) the
repayment schedule of the outstanding loans was revised such that the
loans shall be repaid in 12 equal quarterly installments between
September 2009 and June 2012. For additional information, see Note
11A(6).
In connection with the Company's financing efforts for the ramp-up
plan and in connection with the September 2006 amendment to the
Facility Agreement, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with The Israel Corporation Ltd ("TIC"), according to which
TIC invested $100,000 in the Company, see Note 11A(4).
The Company is currently examining alternatives for additional funding
sources in order to further ramp-up the equipping of Fab 2 and to fund
its short-term activities and liabilities.
F - 7
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND GENERAL (cont.)
D. USE OF ESTIMATES IN PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of
the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company's consolidated financial statements are presented in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in
Israel. See Note 19 for the reconciliation of material differences
between GAAP in Israel and in the United States of America.
A. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The Company's consolidated financial statements include the financial
statements of the Company and its wholly-owned marketing subsidiary in
the United States, after elimination of material inter-company
transactions and balances. The effect of the subsidiary's operations
on the Company's revenues, net loss and total assets was immaterial
for the dates and periods presented.
B. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents consist of banks deposits and short-term
investments (primarily time deposits and certificates of deposit) with
original maturities of three months or less.
C. ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
The allowance for doubtful accounts is computed on the specific
identification basis for accounts whose collectibility, in
management's estimation, is uncertain.
D. INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is
determined for raw materials, spare parts and supplies on the basis of
the weighted moving average cost per unit. Cost is determined for work
in process and finished goods on the basis of actual production costs.
F - 8
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
E. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
(1) Property and equipment are presented at cost, including interest
and other capitalizable costs. Capitalizable costs include only
incremental direct costs that are identifiable with, and related
to, the property and equipment and are incurred prior to its
initial operation. Identifiable incremental direct costs include
costs associated with acquiring, constructing, establishing and
installing property and equipment (whether performed by others or
by the Company), and costs directly related to preproduction test
runs of property and equipment that are necessary to get it ready
for its intended use. Those costs include payroll and
payroll-related costs of employees who devote time and are
dedicated solely to the acquiring, constructing, establishing and
installing of property and equipment. Allocation, when
appropriate, of capitalizable incremental direct costs is based
on management's estimates and methodologies including time sheet
inputs.
Cost is presented net of investment grants received or
receivable, and less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
The accrual for grants receivable is determined based on
qualified investments made during the reporting period, provided
that the primary criteria for entitlement have been met.
Depreciation is calculated based on the straight-line method over
the estimated economic lives commonly used in the industry of the
assets or terms of the related leases, as follows:
Prepaid long-term land lease and buildings
(including facility infrastructure) 14-25 years
Machinery and equipment 5 years
Transportation vehicles 7 years
(2) Impairment examinations and recognition are performed and
determined based on the accounting policy outlined in P below.
F - 9
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
F. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
TECHNOLOGY - The cost of Fab 2 technologies includes the technology
process cost, internal incremental direct costs, mainly
payroll-related costs of employees designated for integrating the
technologies in Fab 2, and incremental direct costs associated with
implementing the technologies until the technologies are ready for
their intended use. The costs in relation to Fab 2 technologies are
amortized over the expected estimated economic life of the
technologies, commonly used in the industry. Amortization phases
commence on the dates on which each of the Fab 2 manufacturing lines
is ready for its intended use.
Impairment examinations and recognition are performed and determined
based on the accounting policy outlined in P below.
G. OTHER ASSETS
DEFERRED FINANCING CHARGES - Deferred financing charges in relation to
funding the establishment of Fab 2 were included, through December 31,
2005, in other assets, as was the practice prior to the effectiveness
of Accounting Standard No. 22 "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS: DISCLOSURE AND
PRESENTATION", and since January 1, 2006, following the effectiveness
of the Standard, were offset from the related borrowings. The deferred
financing charges were amortized over the lives of the borrowings
based on the repayment schedule of such funding. During the
establishment period of Fab 2, amortized deferred financing charges
were capitalized to property and equipment. During 2003, in which the
building and infrastructures of Fab 2 were substantially completed and
became ready for their intended use, and in which the initial ramp-up
commenced, the deferred financing charges were amortized to financing
expenses, net. Pursuant to the September 2006 amendment to the
Facility Agreement described in Note 11A(6) the deferred financing
charges, as part of the outstanding loans, were considered to be
substantially modified and thus treated as debt extinguishment of the
outstanding debt and the incurrence of a new debt, and were fully
amortized to financing expenses.
H. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
In January 2006, the company adopted Accounting Standard No. 22
"FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS: DISCLOSURE AND PRESENTATION" (the "Standard"),
which supersedes Opinion No.53 "ACCOUNTING FOR CONVERTIBLE
LIABILITIES" and Opinion No.48 "ACCOUNTING FOR OPTIONS".
The Company issued three series of convertible debentures that are
considered compound instruments under the Standard. According to the
Standard, a compound instrument has to be separated to its components,
the equity component and the liability component. The equity component
is classified as shareholders' equity and is determined as the excess
of the proceeds over the fair value of the liability component.
See Note 19F for the presentation of convertible debentures in
accordance with U.S. GAAP.
F - 10
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
I. INCOME TAXES
The Company records deferred income taxes in accordance with Standard
No. 19 "INCOME TAXES" of the Israeli Accounting Standards Board, to
reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and for tax purposes. Deferred taxes are computed based on
the tax rates anticipated (under applicable law as of the balance
sheet date) to be in effect when the deferred taxes are expected to be
paid or realized.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as current or
noncurrent based on the classification of the related asset or
liability for financial reporting, or according to the expected
reversal dates of the specific temporary differences, if not related
to an asset or liability for financial reporting. Deferred tax
liabilities are recognized for temporary differences that will result
in taxable amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets are
recognized, if it is probable that such assets would be realized, for
temporary differences, which will result in deductible amounts in
future years and for carryforwards. An allowance against such deferred
tax asset is recognized if it is probable that some portion or all of
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to the material loss
carryforward of the Company as of December 31, 2006 and uncertainties
with regard to its utilization in the future, no deferred taxes were
recorded in the Company's results of operations.
J. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenues are recognized upon shipment or as services are rendered when
title has been transferred, collectibility is reasonably assured and
acceptance provisions criteria are satisfied, based on performing
electronic, functional and quality tests on the products prior to
shipment and customer on-site testing. Such testing reliably
demonstrates that the products meet all of the specified criteria
prior to formal customer acceptance, and that product performance upon
customer on-site testing can reasonably be expected to conform to the
specified acceptance provisions. An accrual for estimated returns,
computed primarily on the basis of historical experience, is recorded
at the time when revenues are recognized.
K. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Amounts received or receivable from the government of Israel and
others, as participation in research and development programs, are
offset against research and development costs. The accrual for grants
receivable is determined based on the terms of the programs, provided
that the criteria for entitlement have been met.
F - 11
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
L. LOSS PER ORDINARY SHARE
In January 2006, the company adopted Accounting Standard No. 21,
"Earnings Per Share" (the "Standard").
With the initial adoption of the Standard, Opinion No. 55 of the
Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Israel - Earnings per
share was cancelled.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing profit or loss
attributable to ordinary equity holders of the entity (the numerator)
by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding (the
denominator) during the reported period. Diluted earnings per share is
calculated by adjusting profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity
holders of the entity, and the weighted average number of shares
outstanding, for the effects of all dilutive potential Ordinary
Shares.
See Note 19E for disclosure of loss per share data in accordance with
U.S. GAAP.
M. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company, from time to time, enters into foreign exchange
agreements (primarily forward contracts and options) to hedge
non-dollar equipment purchases and other firm commitments. Gains and
losses on such agreements through the date that the equipment is
received or the commitment is realized are deferred and capitalized to
the cost of equipment or the commitment, while gains and losses
subsequent thereto, through the date of expiration of the foreign
exchange agreement, are included in financing expense, net.
In addition, the Company, from time to time, enters into agreements to
hedge interest rate exposure on long-term loans. Gains and losses on
such agreements are recognized as adjustment to the original interest
expenses, and expensed or capitalized in the same manner as the
corresponding interest costs.
See Note 19D for disclosure of the derivative financial instruments in
accordance with U.S. GAAP.
N. FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY AND TRANSACTION GAINS AND LOSSES
The currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company
conducts its operations is the U.S. dollar ("dollar"). Accordingly,
the Company uses the dollar as its functional and reporting currency.
Financing expenses, net in 2006 include net foreign currency
transaction losses of $3,659. Financing expenses, net in 2005 include
net foreign currency transaction gains of $1,398 and in 2004 include
net foreign currency transaction losses of $760.
F - 12
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
O. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In January 2006, the company adopted Accounting Standard No. 24
"SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION" (the "Standard"), for the recognition in
the financial statements of share-based payments for employees and
directors. Costs associated with grants of shares and options to
employees and directors are expensed over the vesting period of each
grant. Said costs are determined based on the fair value of the grants
at each grant date.
As for the periods before the adoption of the Standard, the Company
accounted for employee and director stock-based compensation in
accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
"ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK ISSUED TO EMPLOYEES" ("APB 25") and
authoritative interpretations thereof. Accordingly, the Company
accounted for share options granted to employees and directors based
on the intrinsic value of the options on the measurement date. The
compensation cost of options without "fixed terms" was remeasured at
each balance sheet date. Deferred compensation in respect of awards
with graded vesting terms was amortized to compensation expense over
the relevant vesting periods. In a manner consistent with FIN 28, the
vesting period over which compensation was expensed, was determined
based on the straight-line method, separately for each portion of the
award as if the grant were a series of awards.
In 2006, the Company accounted for stock-based compensation of
non-employees using the fair value method in accordance with the
Standard and in previous years in accordance with Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement No. 123, "ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED
COMPENSATION" ("SFAS 123") and EITF 96-18: "Accounting for Equity
Instruments That are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or
in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services". The award cost of
warrants granted in connection with bank financing was amortized as
deferred financing charges over the terms of the loans, in a manner
described in G above. The award cost of warrants granted in connection
with the construction of Fab 2, is recorded as a depreciation expense
over the life of the prepaid perpetual land lease and buildings. The
award cost of warrants granted to consultants and a related party in
connection with equity transactions is offset against paid-in-capital.
See Note 12B(6) for pro forma disclosures required by SFAS 123 and
SFAS 148.
F - 13
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
P. IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
In accordance with Standard No.15, of the Israeli Accounting Standards
Board "IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS" (the "Standard"), an asset's recoverable
value is the higher of the asset's net selling price and the asset's
value in use, the latter being equal to the asset's discounted
expected cash flows. Management reviews long-lived assets on a
periodic basis, as well as when such a review is required based upon
relevant circumstances, to determine whether events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not
be recoverable. Management's review of possible impairment charges for
the periods presented, was performed based on management's business
plan and approved by the board of directors of the Company. The
business plan is based, among other things, on the future completion
of the construction and equipping of Fab 2 to reach full capacity.
Application of Standard 15 resulted in no impairment charges for the
periods presented.
Q. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE ISRAELI ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
BOARD
(1) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 29 "ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL
REPORTING STANDARDS"
In July 2006, the Israeli Accounting Standards Board published
Accounting Standard No. 29 - "Adoption of International Financial
Reporting Standards" - IFRS ("the Standard"). According to the
Standard, an entity subject to the Israeli Securities Law and
authoritative Regulations thereunder (including dual listed
companies), excluding foreign corporations, that do not prepare
their financial statements in accordance with Israeli GAAP, as
defined by this Law, will be required to prepare financial
statements in accordance with the IFRS and related
interpretations published by the International Accounting
Standards Board, for the reporting periods commencing January 1,
2008, including interim periods.
An entity adopting IFRS as of January 1, 2008 and electing to
report comparative figures in accordance with the IFRS for only
2007, will be required to prepare opening balance-sheet amounts
as of January 1, 2007 based on the IFRS.
Reporting in accordance with the IFRS will be carried out based
on the provisions of IFRS No. 1, "First-time Adoption of IFRS
Standards", which establishes guidance on implementing and
transitioning from financial reporting based on domestic national
accounting standards to reporting in accordance with IFRS.
F - 14
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Q. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE ISRAELI ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
BOARD (cont.)
(1) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 29 "ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL
REPORTING STANDARDS" (cont.)
IFRS No. 1 supersedes the transitional provisions established in
other IFRSs (including those established in former domestic
national accounting standards), stating that all IFRSs should be
adopted retroactively for the opening balance-sheet amounts.
Nevertheless, IFRS No. 1 grants exemptions on certain issues by
allowing the alternative of not applying the retroactive
application in respect thereof.
Management intends to examine the effect of the transition to
IFRS, yet at this stage, is unable to estimate the effect of such
conversion on the Company's financial position and results of
operations.
The Standard allows for earlier application in a manner by which
applicable entities may convert their financial statements
published subsequent to July 31, 2006 to the IFRS. Management has
not yet decided whether to early-adopt the IFRS.
(2) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 26 "INVENTORY"
In August 2006 the Israeli Accounting Standards Board published
Accounting Standard No. 26 - "Inventory" ("the Standard"), which
outlines the accounting treatment for inventory.
The Standard applies to all types of inventory, other than
building earmarked for sale and addressed by Accounting Standard
No.2 ("Construction of Buildings for Sale"), inventory of work in
progress stemming from performance contracts, addressed by
Accounting Standard No.4 ("Work Based on Performance Contract"),
financial instruments and biological assets relating to
agricultural activity and agricultural production during harvest.
The Standard establishes, among other things, that inventory
should be stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost is determined by the first in, first out (FIFO) method or by
average weighted cost used consistently for all types of
inventory of similar nature and uses. In certain circumstances
the standard requires cost determination by a specific
identification of cost, which includes all purchase and
production costs, as well as any other costs incurred in reaching
the inventory's present stage.
When inventory is acquired on credit incorporating a financing
component, the inventory should then be presented at cost
equaling the purchase cost in cash. The financing component is
recognized as a financing expense over the term of the credit
period.
F - 15
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Q. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE ISRAELI ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
BOARD (cont.)
(2) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 26 "INVENTORY" (cont.)
Any reduction of inventory to net realizable value following
impairment as well as any other inventory loss should be expensed
during the current period. Subsequent reversal of an impairment
write-down that stems from an increase in net realizable value
will be allocated to operations during the period in which the
reversal took place.
The standard will apply to financial statements covering periods
beginning January 1, 2007 and onwards and should be implemented
retroactively.
Management believes that the Standard will not affect the
Company's financial position, results of operations and cash
flows.
(3) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 27 "FIXED ASSETS"
In September 2006 the Israeli Accounting Standards Board
published Accounting Standard No. 27 (the "standard"), which
establishes the accounting treatment for fixed assets, including
recognition of assets, determination of their book value, related
depreciation, as well as the disclosure required in the financial
statements.
The Standard states that a fixed-asset item will be measured at
the initial recognition date at cost which includes, in addition
to the purchase price, all the related costs incurred for
bringing the item to the position enabling it to operate in the
manner contemplated by management. The cost also includes the
initial estimate of costs required to dismantle and remove the
item, along with the expenses for restoration of the site on
which the item had been placed and in respect of which the entity
incurred that obligation when the item had been acquired or
following its use over a given period of time not in the
production of inventory during that period.
The Standard also states that when acquiring assets in exchange
for a non-monetary asset or a combination of monetary as well as
non-monetary assets, the cost will be determined at fair value
unless (a) the barter transaction has no commercial substance or
(b) it is impossible to reliably measure the fair value of the
asset received and the asset provided. Should the provided asset
not be measured at fair value, its cost would equal the book
value of the asset provided/transferred.
Following the initial recognition, the Standard permits the
entity to implement in its accounting policy the measurement of
the fixed assets by the cost method or by revaluation so long as
this policy is implemented in regard to all the items in that
group.
F - 16
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Q. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE ISRAELI ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
BOARD (cont.)
(3) ACCOUNTING STANDARD NO. 27 "FIXED ASSETS" (cont.)
Cost method - an item will be presented at cost less accumulated
depreciation, less accumulated impairment losses.
Revaluation method - an item whose fair value can be measured
reliably will be presented at its estimated amount, which equals
its fair value at the revaluation date, net of depreciation
accumulated subsequently and less accumulated impairment losses.
Revaluations should take place on a current basis in order to
ensure that book value does not materially differ from the fair
value that would have been determined on the balance-sheet date.
The revaluation of a single item calls for the revaluation of the
entire group and if the asset's book value rises following this
revaluation, this increase should be allocated directly to
shareholders' equity ("revaluation reserve"). Nevertheless, this
increase will be recognized as an operating item up to the amount
offsetting the decrease from that asset's revaluation recognized
previously as income or loss. Should book value decline following
revaluation, this decline will be recognized as an operating item
yet allocated directly to shareholders' equity ("revaluation
reserve") up to the amount leaving any credit balance in that
reserve in respect of that asset.
Any fixed assets with a significant cost in relation to the
item's total cost should be depreciated separately. Moreover, the
depreciation method used will be reviewed at least once at
yearend and, if any meaningful change had taken place in the
estimated consumption of future economic benefits inherent in the
asset, the method should be modified to reflect such changes.
This change will be treated as a change in an accounting
estimate.
This new standard will apply to financial statements covering
periods beginning January 1, 2007 and onwards and implemented
retroactively.
The Company is currently examining this new standard; however, at
this stage, it is unable to estimate the standard's effect, if
any, on its financial position and results of operations. In
January 2007 the Israeli Accounting Standard Board published a
proposal for accounting standard no. 28 that amends standard
no.27 to allow, at transition, the alternatives allowed under
IFRS 1 regarding fixed assets.
F - 17
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Q. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE ISRAELI ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
BOARD (cont.)
(4) STANDARD NO. 23, "ACCOUNTING FOR TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN AN ENTITY
AND A CONTROLLING PARTY" (cont.)
In December 2006 the Israeli Accounting Standards Board published
Accounting Standard No. 23, "Accounting for Transactions between
an Entity and a controlling party (hereinafter - the Standard).
The Standard applies to entities subject to the Israeli
Securities Law-1968.
The Standard establishes the requirements for accounting for
transactions between an entity and its controlling party which
involve the transposition of an asset, the taking on of a
liability, reimbursement or debt concession, and the receiving of
loans. The Standard does not apply to business combinations under
common control.
The Standard stipulates that transactions between an entity and a
controlling party will be measured based on fair value;
transactions which in nature are owner investment should be
reported directly in equity and not be recognized in the
controlled entity's profit and loss; the differences between the
consideration set in transactions between an entity and a
controlling party and their fair value will be allocated directly
to the equity; and current and deferred taxes pertaining to the
items allocated to equity due to transactions with controlling
parties will be allocated directly to equity as well.
The Standard is effective for transactions between an entity and
a controlling party taking place subsequent to January 1, 2007
and for loans granted from or given to a controlling party prior
to the Standard's coming into effect, starting on the Standard's
effective date.
The Company's management believes that the effect of this new
standard on the Company's financial position, results of
operations and cash flows is not expected to be material.
R. RECLASSIFICATION
Certain amounts in prior years' financial statements have been
reclassified in order to conform to the 2006 presentation.
F - 18
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 3 - OTHER RECEIVABLES
Other receivables consist of the following:
As of December 31,
------------------
2006 2005
------ ------
Government of Israel - investment grants receivable $1,530 $7,276
Other government agencies 3,847 1,706
Others 48 61
------ ------
$5,425 $9,043
====== ======
NOTE 4 - INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of the following (*):
As of December 31,
----------------------
2006 2005
------- -------
Raw materials $11,170 $ 6,777
Spare parts and supplies 6,402 3,738
Work in process 22,884 11,502
Finished goods 645 2,359
------- -------
$41,101 $24,376
======= =======
(*) Net of aggregate write-downs to net realizable value of $6,707 and
$3,259 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
NOTE 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
A. COMPOSITION:
As of December 31,
----------------------------
2006 2005
---------- ----------
COST:
Prepaid perpetual land lease and buildings
(including facility infrastructure) $ 239,267 $ 237,401
Machinery and equipment 851,700 709,862
Transportation vehicles 307 425
---------- ----------
1,091,274 947,688
---------- ----------
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION:
Prepaid perpetual land lease and buildings
(including facility infrastructure) 61,937 47,841
Machinery and equipment 496,116 388,867
Transportation vehicles 267 335
---------- ----------
558,320 437,043
---------- ----------
$ 532,954 $ 510,645
========== ==========
F - 19
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (cont.)
A. COMPOSITION (cont.)
Supplemental disclosure relating to cost of property and equipment:
(1) As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the cost of property and
equipment included costs relating to Fab 2 in the amount of
$857,461 and $713,837, respectively. Said amounts are net of
investment grants of $164,587 and $165,222, respectively.
(2) As of December 31, 2006, the cost of buildings, machinery and
equipment was reflected net of investment grants in the aggregate
of $267,866 (as of December 31, 2005 - $268,688).
(3) Cost of property and equipment as of December 31, 2006 and 2005
includes capitalized interest costs in the aggregate of $18,480.
(4) Following the commencement of Fab 2 operations in 2003, in which
the building and infrastructures of Fab 2 were substantially
completed and became ready for their intended use, the Company
began to depreciate Fab 2 property and equipment, resulting in
depreciation expenses of $111,984, $109,283 and $93,457 in 2006,
2005 and 2004, respectively.
B. INVESTMENT GRANTS
In connection with the formation of the Company, the Investment Center
of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the State of Israel
("Investment Center"), under its "approved enterprise" program,
approved an investment program for expenditures on buildings and
equipment in Fab 1 in the aggregate amount (as amended) of
approximately $96,850. The Company completed its investments under
this program, and received final approval from the Investment Center
in November 1997.
In January 1996, an investment program ("1996 program") for expansion
of Fab 1 in the aggregate amount (as amended in December 1999 and
2001) of $228,680, entitling the Company to investment grants, was
approved by the Investment Center. The Company completed its
investments under the 1996 program in December 2001 and invested
through such date approximately $207,000. In May 2002, the Company
submitted the final report in relation to the 1996 program. As of
December 31, 2006, the report has not yet received final approval from
the Investment Center.
See Note 11A(8) with respect to the Fab 2 program approved by the
Investment Center in December 2000.
F - 20
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (cont.)
B. INVESTMENT GRANTS (cont.)
Entitlement to the above grants and other tax benefits is subject to
various conditions stipulated by the Israeli Law for the Encouragement
of Capital Investments - 1959 ("Investments Law") and the regulations
promulgated thereunder, as well as the criteria set forth in the
certificates of approval. In the event the Company fails to comply
with such conditions, the Company may be required to repay all or a
portion of the grants received plus interest and certain inflation
adjustments. In order to secure fulfillment of the conditions related
to the receipt of investment grants, floating liens were registered in
favor of the State of Israel on substantially all of the Company's
assets. See also Note 16A.
C. For liens, see Note 11A(6) Notes 11D(2) and (3) and 8F.
NOTE 6 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Intangible assets consist mainly of technologies in relation to Fab 2, see
Note 11A(2). The technologies are presented net of accumulated amortization
as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 in the amounts of $53,741 and $32,806,
respectively. For amortization policy, see Note 2G.
NOTE 7 - OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current liabilities consist of the following:
As of December 31,
----------------------
2006 2005
------- -------
Accrued salaries $ 8,730 $ 3,162
Vacation accrual 3,385 2,322
Interest payable (primarily in relation to
convertible debentures) 1,089 1,263
Due to related parties 5,895 188
Other 2,997 2,037
------- -------
$22,096 $ 8,972
======= =======
F - 21
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 8 - LONG-TERM DEBT FROM BANKS
A. COMPOSITION:
As of December 31,
Effective interest rate as of ----------------------
December 31, 2006 2006 2005
----------------------------- -------- --------
In U.S. Dollar 6.48% $288,693 $438,103
In U.S. Dollar 5.10% 80,000 80,000
-------- --------
Total long-term debt from
Banks 368,693 518,103
Less - current maturities - 21,103
-------- --------
368,693 497,000
Discount (see C below) 11,746 -
-------- --------
$356,947 $497,000
======== ========
B. All loans received under the Facility Agreement bear interest based on
the three-month USD LIBOR rate plus 1.1%, effective from May 17, 2006,
as revised under the September 2006 amendment to the Facility
Agreement (see details in Note 11A(6)). Prior to the closing of the
September 2006 amendment, in accordance with the November 2003
amendment to the Facility Agreement, the loans bore interest based on
the three-month USD LIBOR rate plus 2.5%, (described in Note 11A(6)),
and prior to the November 2003 amendment the loans bore interest based
on the three-month USD LIBOR rate plus 1.55%. The effective interest
rate as of December 31, 2006 of loans, the amount of which as of such
date was $207,000, including the terms of collar agreements with
knock-out and knock-in features described in Note 17A. Interest is
payable at the end of each quarter.
C. Following the September 2006 amendment to the Facility Agreement, the
long term debt is presented based on fair value on the refinancing
date, in accordance with IAS 39, described in Note 11A(6). The
discount resulting from adjustment of the debt to fair value is
amortized to financing expenses during the new repayment schedule.
D. For additional information regarding the Facility Agreement, as
amended, between the Company and the Banks for financing the
construction and equipping of Fab 2 including the refinancing of the
loans under the September 2006 amendment to the Facility Agreement see
Note 11A(6).
E. REPAYMENT SCHEDULE
The balance of the long-term debt as of December 31, 2006 is repayable
as follows:
2009 61,449
2010 122,898
2011 and thereafter 184,346
---------
$ 368,693
=========
F - 22
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 8 - LONG-TERM DEBT FROM BANKS (Cont.)
F. The agreement with the Company's Banks restricts the Company's ability
to place liens on its assets (other than to the State of Israel in
respect of investment grants - see Note 11A(8), to Siliconix - see
Note 11D(2) and to SanDisk see Note 11D(3)), without the prior consent
of the Banks. Furthermore, the agreements contain certain restrictive
financial ratios and covenants. For further details concerning the
Facility Agreement and its amendments, see Note 11A(6).
NOTE 9 - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
A. COMPOSITION:
As of December 31,
Interest rate as of -----------------------
December 31, 2006 2006 2005
----------------------- ------- -------
2002 Convertible debentures series A 4.7% $19,894 $25,811
2005 Convertible debentures series B 5% 17,321 -
2006 Convertible debentures series C (*) 31,592 -
------- -------
68,807 25,811
Less - current maturities 6,632 6,453
------- -------
$62,175 $19,358
======= =======
(*) See D below
B. 2002 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES SERIES A
In connection with the sale of securities described in Note 12F, in
January 2002, the Company issued on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange, NIS
110,579,800 principal amount of convertible debentures, linked to the
Israeli Consumer Price Index ("CPI"). The debentures were issued at
96% of their par value, and bear annual interest at the rate of 4.7%,
payable in January of each year commencing in January 2003, see also
Note 12F. The principal amount is payable in four equal installments
in January of each year between 2006 and 2009. The outstanding
principal amount of convertible debentures as of December 31, 2006,
adjusted to the CPI was NIS 89,708,778, $21,233. The debentures may be
converted until December 31, 2008 into Ordinary Shares, at a
conversion rate of one Ordinary Share per each NIS 41.00 principal
amount of the debentures, linked to the CPI (subject to customary
adjustments) (adjusted to the CPI as of December 31, 2006 - NIS 44.35,
$10.50). The effective rate of interest on the convertible debentures,
taking into account the initial proceeds, net of the discount and the
related costs of issuance, is 7.26%.
For U.S. GAAP purposes, which require taking into account, in addition
to the discount and the related issuance costs, amounts attributed to
the options described in Note 19F, the effective rate of interest on
the convertible debentures is 9.88%. Subject to certain conditions and
the Company's Facility Agreement, the Company may announce the early
redemption of the debentures or part thereof, provided that the sum of
the last payment on account of the principal shall be no less than
approximately $700.
F - 23
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 9 - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (cont.)
B. 2002 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES SERIES A (cont.)
If on a payment date of the principal or interest on the debentures
there exists an infringement of certain covenants and conditions under
the Facility Agreement, the dates for payment of interest and
principal on the debentures may be postponed, depending on various
scenarios under the Facility Agreement until such covenant or
condition is settled.
The debentures and interest thereon are unsecured and rank behind the
Company's existing and future secured indebtedness, including
indebtedness to the Banks under the Facility Agreement, to the
government of Israel in connection with grants the Company received
under its approved enterprise programs, and to Siliconix and SanDisk.
See Note 19F for disclosure of the accounting treatment of the
convertible debentures in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
C. 2005 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES SERIES B
In connection with the rights offering described in Note 12I, the
Company issued $48,169 principal amount of convertible debentures. The
debentures are listed for trade on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange and on
the NASDAQ Capital Market. The debentures bear annual interest at the
rate of 5%. The principal of the debentures, together with accrued
interest, will be payable in one installment on January 12, 2012. The
effective interest rate on the convertible debentures, taking into
account the proceeds and related costs of issuance is 5.6%.
The debentures are convertible into the Company's Ordinary Shares at a
conversion price of $1.10 per share. The conversion price was subject
to downward adjustment under certain circumstances if the Company had
sold securities in future financings at a price per share which was
lower than the conversion price, provided that such financings closed,
or agreements for such financings were signed, through December 2006.
As of the balance sheet date, no such adjustment was or will be
required and the downward adjustment mechanism has expired.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, $18,408 in aggregate
principal amount of debentures was converted into 16,734,316 Ordinary
Shares of the Company.
Subject to the terms of the Facility Agreement, the Company may, at
its option, announce the early redemption of the debentures, provided
that the outstanding aggregate balance of principal on account of the
debentures is equal to or less than $500.
Certain of the Company's Equity Investors and Wafer Partners invested
$27,811 in the framework of the rights offering.
F - 24
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 9 - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (cont.)
C. 2005 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES SERIES B (cont.)
The debentures and interest thereon are unsecured and rank behind the
Company's existing and future secured indebtedness, including
indebtedness to the Banks under the Facility Agreement, to the
government of Israel in connection with grants the Company received
under its approved enterprise programs and to Siliconix and SanDisk.
If on the payment date of the principal and interest on the
debentures, there exists an infringement of the covenants and
conditions under the Facility Agreement, the date for payment of the
interest and principal on the debentures may be postponed, depending
on various scenarios under the Facility Agreement until such covenant
or condition is settled.
See Note 19F for the accounting for the rights offering in accordance
with U.S. GAAP.
D. 2006 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES SERIES C
In connection with the public offering described in Note 12J the
Company issued NIS 164,430,000 principal amount of convertible
debentures linked to the Israeli Consumer Price Index ("CPI"), for
gross proceeds of NIS 139,765,500 (approximately $31,219), and 391,500
options each exercisable for three months ending on September 27, 2006
for NIS 100 principal amount of convertible debentures at an exercise
price equal to 85% of their face amount, linked to the CPI. The
convertible debentures are convertible into the Company's Ordinary
Shares at a conversion rate of one ordinary share per NIS 8.40
(approximately $ 0.00199) principal amount of convertible debentures.
The convertible debentures carry a zero coupon with principal payable
at maturity in December 2011, at a premium of 37% over principal
value, linked to the CPI. The conversion price is subject to reduction
in certain limited circumstances.
The proceeds were allocated in accordance with Standard No. 22 based
on relative fair values in the first 2 days of trading. After
allocation, each of the components is classified as either equity or
liability based on the criteria prescribed in Standard No. 22.
In September 2006, 391,500 options to purchase convertible debentures
described above were exercised resulting in proceeds of approximately
$7,700.
See Note 19F for the accounting for the public offering in accordance
with U.S. GAAP.
F - 25
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 10 - OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
A. COMPOSITION:
As of December 31,
-------------------------
2006 2005
-------- --------
Net liability for employee
termination benefits (see B below):
Gross obligation $ 16,816 $ 18,445
Amounts funded through deposits to severance pay funds and
purchase of insurance policies (13,535) (13,658)
-------- --------
3,281 4,787
Long-term liabilities in respect of license agreements 1,804 5,123
Long-term loans from related parties, net of current
maturity 8,096 1,102
Series 5 Warrants 3,088 -
Other, including $1,183 in respect of related parties 1,439 -
-------- --------
$ 17,708 $ 11,012
======== ========
B. EMPLOYEE TERMINATION BENEFITS
Israeli law and labor agreements determine the obligations of the
Company to make severance payments to dismissed employees and to
employees leaving employment under certain other circumstances. The
liability for severance pay benefits, as determined by Israeli Law, is
generally based upon length of service and the employee's monthly
salary. This liability is primarily covered by regular deposits made
each month by the Company into recognized severance and pension funds
and by insurance policies purchased by the Company, based on the
employee's salary for the relevant month. The amounts so funded are
not reflected separately on the balance sheets, since they are
controlled by the fund trustees and insurance companies and are not
under the control and management of the Company. For presentation of
employee termination benefits in accordance with U.S. GAAP, see Note
19C.
Costs relating to employee termination benefits were approximately
$2,807, $2,631 and $3,836 for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
F - 26
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2
(1) OVERVIEW
In 2001, the Company's Board of Directors approved the
establishment of the Company's second wafer fabrication facility
in Israel ("Fab 2"). In Fab 2, the Company manufactures
semiconductor integrated circuits on silicon wafers in geometries
of 0.18 micron and below on 200-millimeter wafers. In connection
with the establishment, equipping and financing of Fab 2, the
Company has entered into several related agreements and other
arrangements and has completed public and private financing
deals. The agreements and arrangements include those with
technology partners, Wafer Partners, Equity Investors, the
Company's Banks, the Government of Israel through the Investment
Center and others. The agreements with the Banks and the
Investment Center are subject to certain conditions, including
the achievement of performance and financing milestones, and the
securing of additional required financing. The Company has also
entered into agreements for the design and construction of Fab 2,
for equipping Fab 2 and for the transfer to the Company of
process technologies to produce wafers in Fab 2.
During 2003, in which Fab 2's construction was substantially
completed, the Company began commercial shipment of wafers to its
customers utilizing 0.18 micron process technology.
The construction and equipping of Fab 2 is a substantial project,
which requires extensive management involvement as well as timely
coordination of the activities of many participants. In addition,
this project is a complex undertaking which entails substantial
risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those
associated with the following: obtaining additional commitments
to finance the equipping of Fab 2 and its ongoing operations (see
also Note 1C); achieving certain operational milestones and
complying with various significant conditions and financial
ratios and covenants provided by the Facility Agreement with the
Banks; compliance with the conditions under the Approval
Certificate for Fab 2 provided by the Investment Center;
obtaining approval of the Investment Center for a new expansion
program and the development and purchase of new technologies.
According to the Facility Agreement with the Banks complying with
all the conditions and financial ratios and covenants stipulated
in that agreement and in the Approval Certificate from the
Investment Center, are material provisions for the financing
provided.
F - 27
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(2) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
TOSHIBA - In 2000, the Company entered into a technology transfer
agreement with Toshiba Corporation ("Toshiba"), a Japanese
corporation. This agreement provided for the transfer by Toshiba
to the Company of advanced semiconductor manufacturing process
technologies to be installed in Fab 2 including related
technology transfer assistance in exchange for certain fees for
patent licenses, technology transfer and technical assistance.
The transfer of the technology was substantially completed during
2003. The Company's commitment under the Toshiba agreement to
reserve for Toshiba a certain portion of Fab 2 wafer
manufacturing capacity expired in December 2005.
FREESCALE - In 2002, the Company entered into a non-exclusive
technology transfer, development and licensing agreement with
Freescale. This agreement provides for the transfer by Freescale
to the Company of existing and newly developed versions of
advanced semiconductor manufacturing process technologies to be
installed in Fab 2, and for the provision by Freescale of related
technology transfer assistance, in exchange for certain fees for
patent and other licenses, technology transfer and development,
and technical assistance. Subject to prior termination for cause
by Freescale, the licenses under the agreement are perpetual.
(3) WAFER PARTNER AGREEMENTS
During 2000, the Company entered into various share purchase
agreements ("Wafer Partner Agreements") with SanDisk Corporation,
Alliance Semiconductor Corporation, Macronix International Co.,
Ltd. and QuickLogic Corporation (collectively, the "Wafer
Partners"; excluding QuickLogic, the "primary Wafer Partners") to
partially finance the construction and equipping of Fab 2.
Pursuant to the Wafer Partner Agreements, the Wafer Partners
agreed to invest an aggregate of $250,000 to purchase Ordinary
Shares of the Company. According to the Wafer Partner Agreements,
the Company agreed, subject to certain conditions, to reserve for
each Wafer Partner a certain portion, and collectively
approximately 50%, of Fab 2 wafer manufacturing capacity for a
period of 10 years ending January 2011.
F - 28
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(3) WAFER PARTNER AGREEMENTS (cont.)
Through December 31, 2004, the Wafer Partners completed their
commitment to invest under the Wafer Partner Agreements an
aggregate of $246,823. Of such amount, $201,059, was credited as
paid in capital and $45,764, was established as long-term
customers' advances which may be, subject to the terms and
conditions stipulated in the Wafer Partner Agreements, as
amended, utilized as credit against purchases to be made by the
Wafer Partners, or converted into paid-in-capital. Through
December 31, 2006, the Wafer Partners were issued an aggregate of
32,589,280 Ordinary Shares at an average price per share of
$7.57, which was determined based on the average closing sale
price of the Company's Ordinary Shares for the 15-30 trading days
prior to making any capital investment: see also (5) below.
For additional investments made by the primary Wafer Partners in
the aggregate amount of $19,089 in connection with the 2002 and
2005 rights offerings, see Notes 12G and 12I, respectively, and
(6) below.
(4) EQUITY INVESTOR AGREEMENTS
TIC, the principal shareholder of the Company, invested in the
Company, $50,000 for the purchase of an aggregate of 6,749,669
Ordinary Shares of the Company at an average price per share of
$7.41, which was determined based on the average closing sale
price of the Company's Ordinary Shares for the 15-30 trading days
prior to making any investment. The investment of TIC was made in
accordance with share purchase agreement the Company entered into
in December 2000.
For a description of an undertaking and additional investments
made by TIC in the aggregate amount of $29,152 in connection with
the 2002 and 2005 rights offerings, see Notes 12G and 12I,
respectively, and (6) below.
F - 29
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(4) EQUITY INVESTOR AGREEMENTS (cont.)
In regard to the Company's financing efforts for the ramp-up plan
and in connection with the September 2006 amendment to the
Facility Agreement, following TIC's commitment to invest
$100,000, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with TIC (the "Securities Purchase Agreement"). The
Securities Purchase Agreement was approved by the Company's Audit
Committee, Board of Directors and the Company's shareholders. The
principal terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement were: (i) in
consideration for its $100,000 investment, the Company agreed to
issue to TIC capital notes convertible into 65,789,474 of the
Company's Ordinary Shares at a conversion price per share of
$1.52 (which equals the average closing price during the 10
consecutive trading days prior to signing the May 2006 Memorandum
of Understanding with the banks); (ii) the Company would be
deemed to have exercised the Call Option under the Equipment
Purchase Agreement described below; and (iii) the Company and TIC
would settle the amounts payable by TIC under the Securities
Purchase Agreement with the amounts payable by the Company under
the Equipment Purchase Agreement. The Securities Purchase
Agreement closed contemporaneously with the closing of the
September 2006 amendment.
In order to implement the ramp-up plan in a timely manner, in May
2006, the Company entered into an Equipment Purchase Agreement
with TIC according to which TIC will order up to approximately
$100,000 worth of equipment for Fab 2. Under the terms of the
Equipment Purchase Agreement: (i) TIC had the right to sell to
the Company the equipment at cost, plus related expenses; (ii)
the Company had the right to purchase the equipment from TIC at
cost, plus related expenses, subject to the Company having raised
$100,000; and (iii) upon the purchase of the equipment from TIC
the Company would assume TIC's obligations to the equipment
suppliers.
Upon the closing of the September 2006 amendment and the
Securities Purchase Agreement, TIC transferred ownership over the
purchased equipment to the Company and the Company assumed TIC's
obligations to the equipment suppliers.
(5) AMENDMENTS TO THE PRIMARY WAFER PARTNER AND EQUITY INVESTOR
AGREEMENTS
Pursuant to the primary Wafer Partner Agreements, as amended, the
primary Wafer Partners had an option to convert an aggregate of
up to $7,507 of the unutilized long-term customers' advances,
which they had as of December 31, 2005, into fully-paid Ordinary
Shares of the Company. In 2006, one of the primary Wafer Partners
converted $3,880 of its advances into paid-in equity entitling it
to 2,455,905 Ordinary Shares of the Company. The number of shares
was determined based on $1.58 per share, which was the average
closing sale price of the Company's Ordinary Shares for the 15
trading days prior to December 31, 2005.
F - 30
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(5) AMENDMENTS TO THE PRIMARY WAFER PARTNER AND EQUITY INVESTOR
AGREEMENTS (cont.)
Pursuant to the primary Wafer Partner Agreements, as amended,
each of the primary Wafer Partners has an option to convert, at
the end of each calendar quarter commencing 2004, that portion of
the long-term customers' advances which it is entitled to
utilize, based upon payments made by such primary Wafer Partner
and purchase orders received from the Wafer Partners through
December 31, 2006, (subject to the below amendment with one of
the Wafer Partners), into fully-paid Ordinary Shares of the
Company. The number of shares is to be determined based on the
average closing sale price of the Company's Ordinary Shares for
the 15 trading days preceding the end of the relevant quarter.
Accordingly, through December 31, 2006, two of the primary Wafer
Partners had converted an aggregate of $6,073 of long-term
customer advances into 4,007,663 fully-paid Ordinary Shares of
the Company, at an average share price of $1.52 per share.
Any quarterly amount, which the primary Wafer Partners have
elected not to so convert, will not be utilizable against
purchases made subsequent to that quarter, and shall bear
interest, payable at the end of each quarter, at an annual rate
equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.5% through December 31, 2007,
subject to the below amendment with one of the Wafer Partners.
The aggregate principal of the unconverted long-term customers'
advances, which could have been utilized against purchases and
which the primary Wafer Partners elected not to convert into
fully-paid Ordinary Shares of the Company and shall be repaid on
December 31, 2007, is $1,691. Other than as described above in
this paragraph and the preceding paragraph, each of the primary
Wafer Partners agreed that long-term customer's advances could
not be utilized before December 31, 2006. Following December 31,
2006, the remaining long-term customer advances may be utilized
as credits against new purchase orders to be placed.
In 2006, the Company and one of the primary Wafer Partners,
entered into an agreement to extend the period in which long-term
customer's advances could not be utilized against purchases, to
December 31, 2009. According to the agreement, with respect to
certain orders placed until July 2006, and all orders placed
thereafter through December 2009, such unutilized advances will
bear interest at an annual rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus
1.1%, payable at the end of each quarter, through December 31,
2009. As of the balance sheet date an amount of $2,234 will be
repaid on December 31, 2009.
F - 31
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT
OVERVIEW - In January 2001, the Company entered into a Facility
Agreement with two leading Israeli banks ("Banks") entitling the
Company to borrow an aggregate, as amended in January 2002, of
$500,000 to finance the construction and equipping of Fab 2
("Facility Agreement"). Of that amount, the Company withdrew an
aggregate of $497,000. Under the original terms of the Facility
Agreement the loans bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.55%
per annum payable at the end of each quarter. The loans were
originally to be paid in 12 quarterly installments 3 years from
date of each loan drawn down. The loans were subject to certain
prepayment provisions. Unused amounts under the Facility
Agreement were subject to a quarterly commitment fee of 0.25% per
annum.
NOVEMBER 2003 AMENDMENT - In November 2003, the Company and its
Banks entered into an amendment to the Facility Agreement. The
amendment was based, among other things, on an updated plan for
the construction and equipping Fab 2 submitted to the Banks, and
was approved by the Company's shareholders' meeting held in
December 2003. Pursuant to the amendment, the Banks waived all
noncompliance or breach of covenants by the Company prior to the
date of amendment. The amendment further revised and updated the
covenants under the Facility Agreement according to which the
Company was obligated to comply with certain operational and
financial ratios. The interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.55% per annum
payable at the end of each quarter was increased to a rate of
LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum payable at the end of each quarter.
According to the amendment, the Company was to raise from
specified financial sources an aggregate of $152,000 through
December 2005.
JANUARY 2005 AMENDMENT - In January 2005, the Company and its
Banks signed a waiver letter agreement according to which the
Banks waived the Company's non-compliance with certain financial
ratios and covenants for the fourth quarter of 2004. The
agreement also amended certain of the financial ratios and
covenants with which the Company was to comply with during 2005,
and which were further revised in the framework of the July 2005
amendment to the Facility Agreement described below.
JULY 2005 AMENDMENT - In July 2005, the Company and its Banks
entered into a definitive amendment to the Facility Agreement,
which closed in August 2005. The amendment provided, among other
things, for the Banks to provide additional financing of up to
approximately $30,000, subject to the Company raising through the
issuance of shares or convertible debentures $23,500 by October
31, 2005 (which was subsequently extended to December 31, 2005)
and an additional $6,500 by March 31, 2006. In connection with
the amendment, certain of the Company's Equity Investors and
Wafer Partners committed to invest an aggregate of $23,500
towards such funding in the context of a rights offering.
F - 32
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT (cont.)
JULY 2005 AMENDMENT (CONT.)
The July 2005 amendment further provided that: (i) any amounts
raised in equity or in convertible debentures through March 31,
2006, up to $30,000, would not constitute financing from other
sources towards the $152,000 fundraising milestone; (ii) the last
date in which the Company was to comply with the $152,000
fundraising milestone was postponed from December 31, 2005 to
June 30, 2006; and (iii) certain of the financial ratios and
covenants through the third quarter of 2006 were revised.
As described in Note 12I, the Company raised through January 2006
$48,169 in a rights offering, thereby satisfying its obligations
to raise $23,500 and $6,500 by December 31, 2005 and March 31,
2006, respectively. Following the satisfaction of all the
Company's commitments under the July 2005 amendment, the Banks
provided the Company with $29,693 in additional loans.
MAY 2006 AMENDMENTS - In May 2006, the Company and its Banks
entered into amendments to the Facility Agreement, according to
which (i) repayments of long-term loans in the amount of
approximately $100,000, originally scheduled to be paid between
October 2006 and June 2007, were deferred to July 2007 and (ii)
the date on which the Company was required to raise an additional
approximately $8,000 on account of the $152,000 fund raising
milestone, was deferred from June 30, 2006 to September 30, 2006,
such fundraising requirement was satisfied with the completion of
the 2006 public offering described in Note 12J.
F - 33
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT (cont.)
SEPTEMBER 2006 AMENDMENT (CONT.)
SEPTEMBER 2006 AMENDMENT - As part of the financing for the
ramp-up plan, in September 2006, the Company closed a definitive
amendment to the Facility Agreement with its banks for the
refinancing of the approximately $527,000 of long-term debt under
its Facility Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, among other
things: (i) $158,000, representing approximately 30% of the
outstanding debt under the Facility Agreement, was converted into
capital notes of the Company, which notes are convertible into
51,973,684 of the Company's Ordinary Shares, representing twice
the average closing price per share during the ten days prior to
signing the MOU; (ii) the interest rate applicable for the
quarterly actual interest payment on the loans was decreased by
1.4%, from LIBOR plus 2.5% per annum to LIBOR plus 1.1% per
annum, effective from May 17, 2006 (the "Decreased Amount");
subject to adjustment, in January 2011, the Banks will be issued
such number of shares (or equity equivalent capital notes or
convertible debentures) that equals the Decreased Amount divided
by the average closing price of the Company's Ordinary Shares
during the fourth quarter of 2010 (the "Fourth Quarter 2010
Price"). If during the second half of 2010, the closing price of
Company's Ordinary Shares on every trading day during this period
exceeds $3.49, then the Banks will only be granted such number of
shares (or equity equivalent capital notes or convertible
debentures) that equals half of the Decreased Amount divided by
the Fourth Quarter2010 Price. If during the period ending
December 31, 2010, the Banks sell a portion of the capital notes
or shares issuable upon the conversion of the capital notes
described in (i) above, at a price per share in excess of $3.49,
then the consideration payable for the interest rate reduction
will be reduced proportionately. The amounts payable in
securities of the Company may be payable in cash under certain
circumstances and the Decreased Amount may be reduced in the
event the Company prepays any part of the outstanding loans;
(iii) the commencement date for the repayment of the outstanding
loans, which following the conversion are approximately $369,000,
was postponed from July 2007 to September 2009, such that the
outstanding loans shall be repaid in 12 quarterly installments
between September 2009 and June 2012, for further details see
Note 8; (iv) the exercise periods of the warrants held by the
Banks immediately prior to the signing of the September 2006
amendment, were extended such that they are exercisable until
five years from the closing of the September 2006 amendment, for
further details see Note 12B(5)(a) ; and (v) the financial ratios
and covenants that the Company is to satisfy were revised to be
inline with the Company's May 2006 working plan.
The Company accounted for the September 2006 amendment in
accordance with provisions set forth in IAS 39 FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS: RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT Generally Accepted
Accounting Standards in Israel are silent in regards to the
accounting for debt modification. In addition, diversity in
practice was observed across companies such that no one approach
has been consistently applied to create practice in Israel for
the accounting for debt modification. In light of the lack of
guidance and considering that the Company has not previously
accounted for debt modification in the past the Company decided
to apply the guidance in IAS 39 regarding debt modification
mainly for the following reasons: (i) Israeli GAAP requires that
when there is no standard in Israel and no practice has evolved
IFRS has to be applied, (ii) the Israeli Accounting Standards
Board decided to adopt in full the IFRS starting in fiscal year
2008 with early adoption recommended, and the Israel Securities
Authority ("ISA") decided that, commencing from the second
quarter of 2007, Notes to financial statements shall state the
IFRS financial effect on such financial statements, (iii)
Standard No. 22, which is based on IAS 32 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
DISCLOSURE AND PRESENTATION, refers preparers of financial
statements to the guidance in IAS 39 for the purposes of
recognition and measurement of financial instruments (including
measurement of debt modification), (iv) the adoption of IAS 39
does not create inconsistencies with prior periods and (v)
recently adopted Israeli standards are all based on IFRS.
F - 34
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT (cont.)
SEPTEMBER 2006 AMENDMENT (CONT.)
Under IAS 39, the Company accounted for the debt modification
under the September 2006 amendment as follows:
1. The amount considered settled for shares and classified
to equity is based on the per share price as quoted at
the closing date; such amount totaled to $76,401.
2. The remaining balance, totaling $435,209, is considered
to be substantially modified and thus treated as debt
extinguishment of the outstanding debt and the
incurrence of a new debt.
3. The debt incurred is initially recognized at fair
value, totaling $355,138.
4. The difference between the fair value of the debt
incurred and the outstanding debt (exclusive of the
amount used as proceeds for the share issuance in 1
above), totaling $80,071, is recognized in the
consolidated statement of operations as a gain on debt
restructuring in the current period.
As described above the Banks will be issued such number of shares
(or equity equivalent capital notes or convertible debentures)
that equals the Decreased Amount divided by the Fourth Quarter
2010 Price. If during the second half of 2010, the closing price
of Company's Ordinary Shares on every trading day during this
period exceeds $3.49, then the Banks will only be granted such
number of shares that equals half of the Decreased Amount divided
by the Fourth Quarter 2010 Price. The Company accounted for its
obligation to issue shares initially, as an additional interest
expense and adjusted the effective interest rate on the debt to
the Banks. The Company will evaluate and, if required, adjust the
effective interest rate based on the per share price at the end
of each reporting period. As of the balance sheet date no such
adjustment was required. See Note 19I for the accounting of the
debt modification and the accounting of the Decreased Amount in
accordance with U.S. GAAP
F - 35
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT (cont.)
TIC'S UNDERTAKING - In connection with the November 2003
amendment to the Facility Agreement, TIC undertook to the Banks
to exercise all of the rights it received in a rights offering
through June 2006. In addition, as part of TIC's undertaking, it
agreed to purchase from the Company additional securities in a
private placement on the same terms as the rights offering, in an
amount equal to 50/93 of the difference between the amount the
Company was to raise in the rights offering and the amount raised
from shareholders other than TIC, less any amounts actually
invested in the rights offering by TIC in connection with the
exercise of its own rights. The July 2005 amendment provided that
TIC's undertaking shall be extended from June 30, 2006 to
December 31, 2006; (ii) such undertaking will be deemed to have
been fulfilled if TIC invests at least $14,000 in the context of
a rights offering. This undertaking was fulfilled following TIC's
$20,000 investment in the Company in the context of the 2005
rights offering (see Note 12I).
For details regarding 58,906 warrants issued to TIC in connection
with its undertaking described above, see Note 12B(5)(b).
The Company has agreed to indemnify TIC for any liabilities it
incurs with respect to these arrangements, up to a maximum of
$100,000 as follows: up to $25,000 in cash and any amount
exceeding such $25,000 limit will earn interest at LIBOR plus
2.5% and will be paid on the same terms that the Company repays
its loans to the Banks. As of the balance sheet date, no such
indemnification has been required.
WARRANTS ISSUED TO THE BANKS - For details regarding 9,161,060
outstanding warrants granted to the Banks in connection with the
Facility Agreement, see Note 12B(5)(a).
COMPLIANCE WITH FINANCIAL RATIOS AND COVENANTS - As of the
balance sheet date, the Company was in full compliance with all
of the financial ratios and covenants under the amended Facility
Agreement According to the Facility Agreement, satisfying the
financial ratios and covenants is a material provision. The
amended Facility Agreement provides that if, as a result of any
default, the Banks were to accelerate the Company's obligations,
the Company would be obligated, among other matters, to
immediately repay all loans made by the Banks (which as of the
balance sheet date amounted to approximately $369,000) plus
penalties, and the Banks would be entitled to exercise the
remedies available to them under the Facility Agreement,
including enforcement of their liens against all of the Company's
assets.
F - 36
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(6) FACILITY AGREEMENT (cont.)
LIENS - Under the Facility Agreement, the Company agreed to
register liens in favor of the Banks on substantially all its
present and future assets. If, as a result of any default under
the Facility Agreement, the Banks were to accelerate the
Company's obligations, the Company would be obligated to
immediately repay all loans made by the Banks (which as of the
approval date of the financial statements amounted to
approximately $369,000), plus penalties, and the Banks would be
entitled to exercise the remedies available to them under the
Facility Agreement, including enforcement of the liens against
the Company's assets.
OFFEROR BY THE BANKS - If one or more certain bankruptcy related
events occur, the Banks are entitled to bring a firm offer made
by a potential investor to purchase the Company's Ordinary Shares
("the Offer") at a price provided in the Offer. In such case, the
Company shall be required thereafter to procure a rights offering
to invest up to 60% of the amount of the Offer on the same terms.
If the Offer is conditioned on the offeror purchasing a majority
of the Company's outstanding share capital, the rights offering
will be limited to allow for this, unless TIC and the primary
Wafer Partners agree to exercise in a rights offering rights
applicable to their shareholdings and agree to purchase in a
private placement enough shares to ensure that the full amount of
the Offer is invested.
(7) FAB 2 CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENT
In August 2000, the Company entered into a fixed price turn-key
agreement with a contractor for the design and construction of
Fab 2 in consideration of approximately $200,000 subject to the
satisfaction of certain performance milestones stipulated in the
agreement. As of December 31, 2006, the Company has paid
approximately all the amounts payable to the contractor.
F - 37
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(8) APPROVED ENTERPRISE STATUS
In December 2000, the Investment Center approved an investment
program in connection with Fab 2 for expansion of the Company's
plant. The approval certificate for the program provided for a
benefit track entitling the Company to investment grants at a
rate of 20% of qualified investments of up to $1,250,000, or an
aggregate of up to $250,000, of which as of the balance sheet
date, an aggregate of $163,362 has been received from the
Investment Center. Under the terms of the program, investments in
respect of Fab 2 were to be completed by December 31, 2005, five
years from the date the approval certificate was obtained. Due to
the later than planned construction of Fab 2, market conditions
and slower than planned ramp-up, the Company completed
approximately 72% of the investments under the approved
enterprise program. The Company has been holding discussions with
the Investment Center to achieve satisfactory arrangements to
approve a new expansion program commencing as of January 1, 2006.
As of the approval date of the financial statements, the
Company's management cannot estimate when, if at all, the Company
will receive approval of its request for a new expansion program.
Any failure by the Company to meet the conditions of the 2000
approval certificate may result in the cancellation of all or a
portion of the grants to be received and tax benefits and in the
Investment Center requiring the Company to repay all or a portion
of grants already received. Under Israeli law, the Company's
non-completion of investments in an amount of $1,250,000 by
December 31, 2005 may permit the Investment Center to require the
Company to repay all or a portion of grants already received.
Management believes that it is improbable that the Investment
Center would demand the Company to repay all or a portion of
grants already received, or deny investment grants receivable as
of December 31, 2005, due to its non-completion of investments in
the amount of $1,250,000 by December 31, 2005 - see also Note
16A.
(9) AGREEMENT WITH THE ILA
In November 2000, the Company entered into a development
agreement with the Israel Land Administration ("ILA") with
respect to a parcel of land on which Fab 2 was constructed.
Following the completion of the construction of Fab 2 on the
land, in June 2003, the Company entered into a long-term lease
agreement with the ILA for a period ending in 2049. The lease
payments through 2049 relating to this lease have been paid in
advance.
F - 38
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
A. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES RELATING TO FAB 2 (cont.)
(10) HEDGING ACTIVITIES
For hedging transactions and agreements of the Company, see Note
18C.
(11) OTHER AGREEMENTS
Through December 31, 2006, the Company had entered into several
additional agreements related mainly to the construction,
equipping and transfer of technology for Fab 2. The Company's
aggregate commitment in connection with these agreements which
were not supplied or rendered as of such date amounted to
approximately $20,000.
B. LICENSE AGREEMENTS
(1) In June 2000, the Company entered into a cross license
agreement with a major technology company. According to the
agreement, each party acquired a non-exclusive license to
certain of the other's patents. The Company agreed to pay an
annual royalty through July 2005. In July 2006, the Company
extended its cross license agreement with the major
technology company until December 2010. According to terms
of the new agreement, each party acquired a non-exclusive
license to certain of the other's patents, and the Company
agreed to pay an annual royalty through 2010.
(2) In May 2002, the Company entered into a joint development
and royalty-free, non-exclusive cross-license agreement with
a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer corporation, for the
joint development of certain technology to be used by the
Company in its Fab 2 and by the Japanese manufacturer in its
facilities. In April 2005, the Japanese semiconductor
manufacturer corporation elected, and the Company agreed, to
cease the joint development of certain technology and to
terminate the agreement. However, the license rights granted
to the parties continue pursuant to the terms of the May
2002 agreement. According to the terms of the termination
agreement, the Japanese manufacturer paid the Company an
amount of $2,500 in 2005. In addition, each party expressly
released the other party from any obligations or liabilities
of any nature in connection with the original agreement.
Revenues for 2005 and 2004 include $8,000 and $1,944,
respectively, in relation to this agreement.
F - 39
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
B. LICENSE AGREEMENTS (cont.)
(3) In October 1997 the Company and Saifun Semiconductors Ltd
("Saifun") entered into an agreement for certain exclusive
semiconductor manufacturing rights on certain licensed
technology. The agreement set certain limitations on Saifun
regarding future licensing of such technology. Pursuant to
certain provisions of the agreement, the Company and Saifun were
obligated to pay each other royalties. The agreement was
terminated in 2006, with the signing of a new agreement,
according to which, among other things, Saifun extended the term
of the license granted to the Company for certain licensed
technology. Pursuant to certain provisions of the agreement, the
Company and Saifun are obligated to pay each other royalties.
(4) The Company from time to time enters into intellectual property
and licensing agreements with third parties. The effect of each
of them on the Company's total assets and results of operations
is immaterial. Certain of these agreements call for royalties to
be paid by the Company to these third parties. See also Note 10A.
C. LEASES
(1) The Company's offices and engineering and manufacturing
operations are located in a building complex situated in an
industrial park in Migdal Ha'emek, in the northern part of
Israel. These premises are currently occupied under a long-term
lease from the Israel Lands Authority, which expires in 2032. The
Company has no obligation for lease payments related to this
lease through the year 2032.
(2) With respect to a long-term lease agreement of land on which Fab
2 was constructed, see paragraph A(9) above.
(3) The Company occupies certain other premises under various
operating leases. The obligations under such leases were not
material as of December 31, 2006.
D. OTHER PRINCIPAL AGREEMENTS
(1) The Company, from time to time in the ordinary course of
business, enters into long-term agreements with various entities
for the joint development of products and processes utilizing
technologies owned by both the other entities and the Company.
F - 40
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
D. OTHER PRINCIPAL AGREEMENTS (cont.)
(2) SILICONIX - In May 2004, the Company and chip maker Siliconix
incorporated ("Siliconix"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vishay
Intertechnology Inc., entered into a definitive long-term foundry
agreement for semiconductor manufacturing. Pursuant to the
agreement, Siliconix will place with the Company orders valued at
approximately $200,000 for the purchase of wafers to be
manufactured in the Company's Fab 1 over a seven to ten year
period. Approximately $53,000 of that amount will be delivered
over an initial three-year period commencing the second quarter
of 2005 (the date on which the transfer of Siliconix's technology
to Fab 1 was completed). According to the agreement, in August
2004 Siliconix advanced the Company $20,000 to be used primarily
for the purchase of additional equipment required to satisfy
Siliconix's orders. The advanced amount is credited towards the
purchase price of wafers. The unused remaining balance of the
$20,000 ($9,631 as of December 31, 2005, none as of December 31,
2006) was included as of December 31, 2005 in designated cash and
short-term interest-bearing deposits in the balance sheet. The
Company registered liens in favor of Siliconix on the bank
account in which the $20,000 was deposited and over the equipment
purchased in connection with the transaction.
(3) SANDISK CORPORATION - In August 2006, the Company signed an
agreement with SanDisk Corporation ("SanDisk"), one of its wafer
partners, to invest in the expansion of its 0.13 micron
manufacturing capacity. SanDisk committed to purchase, upon such
expansion, volume quantities of 0.13 micron wafers during 2007
and 2008 and will have a right of first refusal on the use of
this extra capacity in 2009. The Company and SanDisk also signed
a Loan Agreement under which the Company was entitled to borrow
funds not to exceed, in the aggregate, the principal amount of
approximately $10,000 from SanDisk for the purpose of financing
the purchase of the equipment needed for said expansion. The loan
will be repaid with interest on the amounts outstanding at any
time under the loan at LIBOR plus 1.1% over eight consecutive
quarters. Pursuant to the agreement, in order to secure the
repayment of the loan, SanDisk has been granted a first ranking
charge on the equipment purchased therewith. As of the balance
sheet date the entire approximately $10,000 loan was received.
E. ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
The Company's operations are subject to a variety of laws and
governmental regulations in Israel relating to the use, discharge and
disposal of toxic or otherwise hazardous materials used in the
production processes. Operating permits and licenses are required for
the operations of the Company's facilities and these permits and
licenses are subject to revocation, modification and renewal.
Government authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these
regulations, permits and licenses. As of the approval date of the
financial statements, the Company was in compliance with the terms of
the permits and licenses.
F - 41
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
F. CLASS ACTION
In June 2006, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit affirmed the August 2004 decision of the United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York to dismiss the
class action suit filed in July 2003 against the Company and certain
of its directors, Wafer Partners and Equity Investors (the
"Defendants"). The plaintiffs had asserted claims arising under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, alleging misstatements and omissions
made by the Defendants in materials sent to the Company's shareholders
in April 2002 with respect to the approval of an amendment to the
Company's investment agreements with its Fab 2 investors. The District
Court accepted the motion to dismiss filed on behalf of the defendants
and noted that the Company's status as a foreign private issuer
exempts the Company, its directors and controlling shareholders, from
liability under the proxy rules of Section 14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act.
G. AMENDMENT TO ISRAELI BANKING REGULATIONS
Pursuant to an amendment to a directive published by the Israel
Supervisor of Banks, effective March 31, 2004, the Company may be
deemed part of a group of borrowers comprised of the Ofer Brothers
Group, TIC, and other companies which are also included in such group
of borrowers pursuant to the directive, including companies under the
control or deemed control of these entities. The directive provides
for limits on amounts that banks may lend to borrowers or groups of
borrowers. Should the Company's Banks exceed these limitations, they
may limit the Company's ability to borrow other money in the future
and may require the Company to return some or all of the outstanding
borrowings (which were approximately $369,000 as of the approval date
of the financial statements). As of the approval date of the financial
statements, the Company had received no such request.
H. OTHER COMMITMENTS
Receipt of certain research and development grants from the government
of Israel is subject to various conditions. In the event the Company
fails to comply with such conditions, the Company may be required to
repay all or a portion of the grants received. In management's
opinion, the Company has been in full compliance with the conditions
through December 31, 2006. In regard to investment center grants see
Note 11A(8).
F - 42
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
A. DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES
As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had 800,000,000 and
500,000,000 authorized Ordinary Shares, respectively, par value NIS
1.00 each, of which 100,752,767 and 66,932,056, respectively, were
issued and outstanding (net of 1,300,000 Ordinary Shares held by the
Company as of such dates). As of the balance sheet date, there were
214,920,136 Ordinary Shares of the Company contingently issuable. This
amount includes Ordinary Shares to be issued under various agreements
according to their provisions related certain Wafer Partners, see Note
11A(3), Equity Investor warrants, see B(5)(b) below the exercise of
outstanding warrants, see J and K below, or options granted to
employees and non-employees, see B(1) below, the conversion of all
outstanding convertible debentures, see Note 9 above and the exercise
of all capital notes, see C below. Holders of Ordinary Shares are
entitled to participate equally in the payment of cash dividends and
bonus share (stock dividend) distributions and, in the event of the
liquidation of the Company, in the distribution of assets after
satisfaction of liabilities to creditors. Each ordinary share is
entitled to one vote on all matters to be voted on by shareholders.
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS
(1) EMPLOYEE, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR SHARE OPTIONS
(A) GENERAL - The Company has granted to its employees options
to purchase its Ordinary Shares under several option plans
adopted by the Company since 1995. The particular provisions
of each plan and grant vary as to vesting period, exercise
price, exercise period and other terms. Generally, the
options are granted at an exercise price which equals the
market value of the Ordinary Shares at the date of grant;
vest over a three to four-year period according to various
vesting schedules; and are not exercisable beyond ten years
from the grant date.
(B) OPTIONS TO THE NEW CHAIRMAN OF THE COMPANY'S BOARD OF
DIRECTORS - In December 2006, the Audit Committee and Board
of Directors of the Company approved the appointment of a
new Chairman to the Board of Directors of the Company and
approved to grant him options to purchase 3,158,090 Ordinary
Shares of the Company, which constituted one per cent (1.0%)
of the Company's issued and outstanding share capital on a
fully diluted basis as of December 20, 2006, the date the
Board of Directors approved the grant. The exercise price is
$1.88, which was the closing price of the Company's Ordinary
Shares on the NASDAQ Global Market on the trading day
immediately prior to the date of approval of the grant by
the Shareholders of the Company. The options shall vest over
4 years as follows: 25% will vest on the 12 month
anniversary of the shareholders approval date and 6.25% will
vest on each 3 month anniversary of the first vesting date
until fully vested. The options grant to the new chairman of
the Board of Directors was approved by the Shareholders of
the Company in January 2007. As of December 31, 2006, no
compensation expense was incurred by the Company in
connection with the option grant.
F - 43
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS
(1) EMPLOYEE, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR SHARE OPTIONS (cont.)
(C) OPTIONS TO THE COMPANY'S CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND
DIRECTOR - In April 2005, the Company's Board of Directors
approved the grant of options to purchase up to 1,325,724
Ordinary Shares to the Company's Chief Executive Officer
("CEO"), who also serves as a director, which was further
approved by the Company's shareholders in October 2005.
These options are exercisable at an exercise price of $1.56,
which was the closing market price of the Company's shares
on the last trading day prior to the board approval of the
grant. These options will vest over a four-year period, with
25% vesting over each year of employment. The options
granted are exercisable for a period of ten years from the
date of grant.
In May 2006, the Company's Audit Committee and Board of
Directors approved the grant of options to the CEO, in
addition to the options granted to him in 2005, such that in
total, the CEO will hold options to purchase shares that
represent 4% of the Company's shares on a fully diluted
basis during the two-year period from the approval of the
Audit Committee. The exercise price of the initial grant of
the additional options was $1.45, the 90-day average closing
price of the Company's shares prior to the Board of
Directors' approval. In future dilutive events following May
2006, additional options will be granted to the CEO with an
exercise price equal to the price per share of the newly
issued securities. Under certain circumstances, the exercise
price will equal the 30-day average closing price of the
Company's shares prior to the dilutive event. The additional
options granted during the two-year period, will vest in
equal amounts over 4 years of employment commencing from May
2006. Any decrease in the Company's shares on a fully
diluted basis during the two-year period from the approval
of the Audit Committee will be followed by the cancellation
of the corresponding options granted to the CEO. The options
will be exercisable for a period of 10 years from the date
of grant. No additional options will be granted under the
CEO's 2005 option arrangement, which was approved by the
Company's shareholders in October 2005. The new grant of
options and its terms were approved by the Company's
shareholders in September 2006. As of the balance sheet
date, a total of 12,714,657 options were outstanding to the
CEO. The cost of the total options granted to the CEO was
determined based on the fair value at the grant dates in
accordance with Standard No. 24 and amounted to $10,309.
Such amount is expensed on an accelerated basis over the
vesting periods of the options.
F - 44
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(1) EMPLOYEE, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR SHARE OPTIONS (cont.)
(D) EMPLOYEE OPTIONS - In May 2006, the Company's board of
directors approved a plan to offer each of the Company's
employees the opportunity to exchange their existing options
to purchase Ordinary Shares for new options with an exercise
price of $1.45, which is the average closing price of the
Company's shares on the NASDAQ during the 90 consecutive
trading days prior to the board of directors' approval.
Accordingly 4,299,250 options were exchanged. The new
options were granted based on terms similar to the existing
employee option plan with new vesting periods, starting May
2006. The cost of the new options was determined based on
the fair value at the grant dates in accordance with
Standard No. 24 and amounted to $1,726. Such amount is
amortized as an expense on an accelerated basis over the
vesting periods of the new options.
The Board of Directors further approved that if the total
number of employee options, including the options to the
CEO, during the two-year period from May 2006 will represent
less than 8% of the Company's shares on a fully diluted
basis, additional options will be allocated for grants to
the Company's employees. As of the balance sheet date,
approximately 2,195,000 options are reserved for future
grant of options to employees.
(E) OPTIONS GRANTED TO DIRECTORS - During 2001, the Audit
Committee, the Board of Directors of the Company and the
shareholders of the Company approved a stock option plan
pursuant to which certain of the Company's directors will be
granted options to purchase up to 400,000 Ordinary Shares of
the Company (40,000 to each eligible director appointed to
the Board of Directors) at an exercise price equal to the
market price of the Company's shares on the grant dates. In
accordance with this option plan, 40,000 options were
granted in 2006 to one director who was appointed in 2006 at
exercise prices of $1.47, which equals the market price of
the Company's shares on the grant date. As of both December
31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, 280,000 options were
outstanding under the plan with a weighted average exercise
price of $4.33 and $5.39, respectively.
Options granted under the plan vest over a four-year period
according to various vesting schedules, and generally may
not be exercised beyond five years from the date they first
become exercisable. So long as the Independent Directors
Option Plan described below remains in effect, no new
independent director, following January 2007, will be
entitled to receive options under the 2001 director options
plan.
F - 45
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(1) EMPLOYEE, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR SHARE OPTIONS (cont.)
(E) OPTIONS GRANTED TO DIRECTORS (CONT.)
In addition, during 2000 and 2001, the Audit Committee, the
Board of Directors of the Company and the shareholders of
the Company approved the grant to a director of the Company
options to purchase up to 50,000 and 21,500 Ordinary Shares,
respectively, of the Company at an exercise price of $20.00
and $10.75, respectively, per share, the market price of the
Company's shares on the dates of grant. The options were
exercisable for a period of three years from the date on
which they have become vested. As of December 31, 2006, all
the options expired.
(F) INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OPTION PLAN - In November 2006, the
Company's Board of Directors approved, following the
approval by the Audit Committee, the grant to each
independent director options to purchase Ordinary Shares
("Initial Options") that shall equal 150,000 less the number
of options to purchase Ordinary Shares held by such
independent director as of January 31, 2007, the date the
shareholders approved the grant (the "Initial Grant Date")
and which, as of the Initial Grant Date, have not vested.
The Initial Options shall vest over 3 years, one third will
vest on the 12 month anniversary of the Initial Grant Date,
and thereafter, the remaining two thirds will vest on a
monthly basis until fully vested. The exercise price per
Initial Option is $1.88, which was the closing price of the
Company's Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day
immediately prior to the Initial Grant Date. As of December
31, 2006 no compensation expense was incurred by the
Company.
Each new independent director appointed after the Initial
Grant Date shall be granted 150,000 options to purchase
Ordinary Shares ("Subsequent Options"), which, shall vest
over 3 years, one third on the 12 month anniversary of the
date on which such independent director shall have served on
the Board of Directors of the Company, the remaining two
thirds will vest on a monthly basis until fully vested. The
exercise price per Subsequent Option shall be the closing
price of the Company's Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQ on the
trading day immediately prior to the relevant date of
appointment.
Upon each 36 month anniversary of a previous grant of
options to an independent director (each a "Tenure Grant
Date"), each such independent director shall be granted an
additional 150,000 options to purchase Ordinary Shares
("Tenure Options"), which will vest over 3 years on a
monthly basis until fully vested. The exercise price per
Tenure Option shall be the closing price of the Company's
Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day immediately
prior to the relevant Tenure Grant Date.
F - 46
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(1) EMPLOYEE, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR SHARE OPTIONS (cont.)
(F) INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OPTION PLAN (CONT.)
Subject to certain conditions, the Initial Options,
Subsequent Options and Tenure Options that have vested shall
be exercisable by an Independent Director for a period of
ten years following the date on which the Initial Options,
Subsequent Options or Tenure Options, as the case may be,
first vested.
So long as this option plan remains in effect, no future
grants will be made to independent directors under the plan
described in (1)(e) above.
The independent directors' option plan was approved by the
shareholders of the Company in January 2007.
(G) EXPIRATION OF OPTIONS GRANTED TO THE COMPANY'S FORMER
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER - In March 2003, the Board of Directors of the
Company approved a share option plan, which was approved by
the Company's shareholders in May 2003, pursuant to which
the Company's former Chairman of the Board of Directors and
CEO was granted options to purchase up to 1,043,000 Ordinary
Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $2.98, the
average closing trading price for the Company's Ordinary
Shares during the 30 consecutive trading days preceding the
date of board approval of an amendment to the Fab 2
investment agreements. Due to his resignation in May 2005,
625,800 options granted to him were fully forfeited and
417,200 options were exercisable until May 2006. None were
exercised.
F - 47
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(2) SUMMARY OF THE STATUS OF ALL THE COMPANY'S EMPLOYEE AND DIRECTOR
SHARE OPTIONS
A summary of the status of all the Company's employee and
director share option plans as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and
2004, as well as changes during each of the years then ended, is
presented below (for options granted to the Banks, a related
party and a consultant, see B(5) below):
2006 2005 2004
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Number average Number average Number average
of share options exercise price of share options exercise price of share options exercise price
Outstanding as of
beginning of year 13,011,575 $ 4.19 10,212,920 $ 5.71 6,842,442 $ 7.93
Granted 17,414,268 1.52 5,000,224 1.54 4,364,954 2.69
Exercised (7,250) 1.58 - (95,250) 7.00
Terminated (132,176) 10.95 (77,214) 12.45 -
Forfeited (6,772,375) 5.23 (2,124,355) 4.99 (899,226) 7.89
----------- ----------- -----------
Outstanding as of end
of year 23,514,042 1.87 13,011,575 4.19 10,212,920 5.71
=========== =========== ===========
Options exercisable
as of end of year 2,849,132 $ 4.25 4,602,447 $ 7.77 3,010,870 $ 10.78
=========== =========== ===========
F - 48
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(3) SUMMARY OF INFORMATION ABOUT EMPLOYEE SHARE OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
The following table summarizes information about employee share
options outstanding as of December 31, 2006:
Exercisable as of
Outstanding as of December 31, 2006 December 31, 2006
-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
Weighted average Weighted
Range of exercise Number remaining average Number Weighted average
prices outstanding contractual life exercise price exercisable exercise price
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(in years)
$ 1.00-1.99 20,741,671 9.19 $ 1.50 1,066,253 $ 1.53
2.00-2.99 1,427,683 8.56 2.19 562,781 2.22
3.00-3.99 265,013 7.57 3.26 173,690 3.25
4.42-4.92 114,551 6.50 4.45 87,784 4.45
5.00-5.96 27,000 6.44 5.06 20,750 5.08
6.00-6.99 80,050 3.67 6.05 79,800 6.05
7.00-7.99 505,000 0.25 7.00 505,000 7.00
8.00-8.99 90,918 1.55 8.78 90,918 8.78
10.00-10.89 33,806 4.07 10.42 33,806 10.42
11.81-11.81 200,000 4.41 11.81 200,000 11.81
14.25-17.19 3,000 3.81 16.50 3,000 16.50
18.75-18.75 5,000 3.26 18.75 5,000 18.75
20.00-15.00 20,350 3.40 24.65 20,350 24.65
---------- ----------
23,514,042 2,849,132
========== ==========
(4) WEIGHTED AVERAGE GRANT-DATE FAIR VALUE OF OPTIONS GRANTED TO
EMPLOYEES
The weighted average grant-date fair value of the options granted
during 2006, 2005 and 2004 to employees and directors amounted to
$0.81, $0.83 and $1.53 per option, respectively. The Company
utilized the Binomial lattice model in 2006 and the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model in 2005 and 2004. The Company estimated the
fair value, utilizing the following assumptions for the years
2006, 2005 and 2004 (all in weighted averages):
2006 2005 2004
----------- ----------- -----------
Risk-free interest rate 4.44%-4.81% 3.69%-4.34% 2.84%-3.88%
Expected life of options 10 years 4.49 years 4.5 years
Expected annual volatility 65%-67% 54%-69% 65%-82%
Expected dividend yield None None None
F - 49
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(5) NON-EMPLOYEE WARRANTS
(A) BANKS WARRANTS - As of December 31, 2006, the Company
granted the Banks an aggregate of 9,561,060 warrants to
purchase Ordinary Shares of the Company, at terms described
below, of which 9,161,060 (4,580,530 each) were outstanding
and exercisable as of the approval date of the financial
statements, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.70
per share
WARRANTS ISSUED IN JANUARY 2001 - In January 2001, as part
of the Facility Agreement described in Note 11A(6), the
Banks received an aggregate of 400,000 warrants to purchase
Ordinary Shares of the Company (200,000 each) at an exercise
price, as amended in December 2001, of $6.20 per share. The
warrants expired in January 2006.
The cost of the warrants issued to the Banks, determined
based on the fair value at the grant and amendment dates in
accordance with SFAS 123, amounted to a total of $5,466.
Such amount was amortized as deferred financing charges over
the terms of the loans under the Facility Agreement.
WARRANTS ISSUED IN DECEMBER 2003 - In December 2003, as part
of an amendment to the Facility Agreement, the Banks
received an aggregate of 896,596 warrants to purchase
Ordinary Shares of the Company (448,298 each) at an exercise
price of $6.17 per share, the 15 day average closing price
of the Company's Ordinary Shares prior to the date the
amendment with the Banks was signed. All the warrants are
exercisable. The warrants were exercisable for a five-year
period ending December 2008. Under the terms of the
September 2006 amendment, the exercise period of the
warrants was extended to five years from the closing of the
September 2006 amendment, to September 2011.
The cost of the warrants issued to the Banks, determined
based on the fair value at the grant and amendment dates in
accordance with SFAS 123, amounted to a total of $4,168.
Such amount was amortized as deferred financing charges over
the terms of the loans under the Facility Agreement.
F - 50
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(5) NON-EMPLOYEE WARRANTS (cont.)
(A) BANKS WARRANTS (CONT.)
WARRANTS ISSUED IN JULY 2005 - In connection with the July
2005 amendment to the Facility Agreement detailed in Note
11A(6) above, the Company issued warrants to the Banks
exercisable into an aggregate of 8,264,464 Ordinary Shares
of the Company (4,132,232 each), with an exercise price of
$1.21. One-half, of the warrants was exercisable for five
years ending in August 2010, and one-half of the warrants
was to be exercisable for five years from the date on which
the Company and the Banks will agree to reschedule the loan
repayment dates. Under the terms of the September 2006
amendment, the exercise period of all of the July 2005
warrants was extended to five years from the closing of the
September 2006 amendment, to September 2011.
The cost of the 8,264,464 warrants, determined based on the
fair value at the grant and amendment dates in accordance
with SFAS 123, amounted to a total of $6,718. Such amount
was amortized as deferred financing charges over the term of
the loans under the Facility Agreement.
In lieu of paying the exercise price in cash, the Banks are
entitled to exercise all their warrants on a "cashless"
basis, i.e. by forfeiting part of the warrants in exchange
for Ordinary Shares equal to the aggregate fair market value
of the shares underlying the warrants forfeited less the
aggregate exercise price.
(B) WARRANTS GRANTED TO A RELATED PARTY - In consideration for
TIC's undertaking described in Note 11A(6), the Company
issued TIC warrants for the purchase of 58,906 of the
Company's Ordinary Shares. The exercise price for the
warrants is $6.17 per share, the 15-day average closing
price of the Company's Ordinary Shares prior to the date the
November 2003 amendment with the Banks described in Note
11A(6) was signed. All the warrants are fully vested and
none of them was exercised. The warrants are exercisable for
a five-year period ending December 2008.
The cost of the warrants award granted to TIC, determined
based on the fair value at the grant date in accordance with
SFAS 123, amounted to a total of $259. Such amount was
allocated to other assets as deferred financing charges and
was amortized as financing expense over the terms of the
loans under the Facility Agreement with the Banks.
F - 51
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
B. SHARE OPTION PLANS (cont.)
(6) PRO FORMA LOSS PER SHARE ACCORDING TO SFAS 123 AND SFAS 148
Had compensation cost for the Company's share option plans been
determined based on the fair value at the grant dates for all
awards made through December 31, 2005 in accordance with SFAS
123, as amended by SFAS 148, the Company's pro forma loss per
share would have been as follows:
For the year ended
December 31,
--------------------------
2005 2004
--------- ---------
PRO FORMA LOSS
Loss for the year, as reported $(203,082) $(137,768)
Less - stock-based compensation
determined under APB 25 - -
Add - stock-based compensation
determined under SFAS 123 (4,229) (3,980)
--------- ---------
Pro forma loss $(207,311) $(141,748)
========= =========
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE
As reported $ (3.06) $ (2.13)
========= =========
Pro forma $ (3.12) $ (2.19)
========= =========
C. CAPITAL NOTES
(1) BANKS' CAPITAL NOTES
As part of the September 2006 Amendment to the Facility
Agreement, $158,000, representing approximately 30% of the
outstanding debt under the Facility Agreement, was converted into
capital notes of the Company, convertible into 51,973,684 of the
Company's Ordinary Shares, representing twice the average closing
price per share during the ten days prior to signing the MOU. For
additional information regarding the capital notes to the Banks
see Note 11A(6).
(2) TIC'S CAPITAL NOTES
Contemporaneous with the closing of the September 2006 Amendment
and as part of the Securities Purchase Agreement between the
Company and TIC, the Company issued TIC in consideration of its
$100,000 investment, capital notes convertible into 65,789,474 of
the Company's Ordinary Shares, at a price per share of $1.52
(which equals the average closing price during the 10 consecutive
trading days prior to signing the MOU). For additional
information regarding the capital notes to TIC see Note 11A(6).
F - 52
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
D. TREASURY STOCK
During 1998, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized, subject
to certain conditions, the purchase of up to 1,400,000 Ordinary Shares
of the Company to facilitate the exercise of employee stock options
under the Company's share option plans. During 1999 and 1998, the
Company funded the purchase by a trustee of 142,500 and 1,157,500,
respectively, of the Company's Ordinary Shares.
E. DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTIONS
According to the Facility Agreement, as amended (see Note 11A(6)), the
Company undertook not to distribute any dividends prior to the date
that all amounts payable under the Facility Agreement have been paid
in full.
F. SALE OF SECURITIES - JANUARY 2002
In January 2002, the Company issued on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange,
NIS 110,579,800 principal amount of convertible debentures, under
terms described in Note 9B. Together with the convertible debentures
the Company issued for no consideration an aggregate of 552,899
options and 2,211,596 Options (Series 1). As of the date of the
financial statements, all said options expired and none were
exercised.
The total initial proceeds raised were $23,200, and costs related to
the issuance of the securities and the prospectus were approximately
$1,750. See Note 19F for the presentation and the accounting treatment
of the sale of these securities under U.S. GAAP.
G. RIGHTS OFFERING - OCTOBER 2002
In October 2002, the Company issued in connection with a rights
offering done on the NASDAQ and on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange
4,097,964 Ordinary Shares of the Company and 1,844,070 warrants to
purchase Ordinary Shares of the Company, in consideration for
aggregate gross proceeds of $20,490. Of these amounts, 4,086,037
Ordinary Shares and 1,838,715 warrants were issued to Wafer Partners
and Equity Investors in consideration for an aggregate of $20,430.
Each warrant was exercisable for the purchase of one Ordinary Share at
an exercise price of $7.50 for a period ending on October 31, 2006.
None of the warrants were exercised. Costs in relation to the
prospectus and the issuance of the securities were approximately $800.
H. PUBLIC OFFERING - JANUARY 2004
In January 2004, the Company completed a public offering of its
Ordinary Shares in the U.S. at a price of $7.00 per share. Following
the offering, and including the partial exercise in February 2004 of
an over-allotment option the Company granted the underwriters, the
Company issued 11,444,500 of its Ordinary Shares, in consideration for
gross proceeds of $80,112 (net of related costs - $75,086).
F - 53
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
I. RIGHTS OFFERING - DECEMBER 2005
In December 2005, the Company filed in Israel and the U.S. a
prospectus for the distribution of transferable rights to purchase up
to $50,000 U.S. dollar denominated debentures that are convertible
into up to 45,454,545 of the Company's Ordinary Shares. The rights
were distributed to the shareholders of record of the Company on
December 20, 2005 (the record date), and to certain employees who on
the record date held options to purchase the Company's Ordinary Shares
under share option plans that entitle the option holders to
participate in a rights offering. Each 138.98 Ordinary Shares and/or
eligible employee options held on the record date entitled their
holder to one right. The rights were exercisable until January 12,
2006. Each right entitled its holder to purchase, at a subscription
price of $0.1, 100 U.S. dollar denominated convertible debentures.
In connection with the exercise of the rights, the Company issued
48,169,300 convertible debentures, with each debenture of $1.00 in
principal amount, or total of $48,169 principal amount of debentures,
which bear annual interest at the rate of 5%. The principal of the
debentures, together with accrued interest, is payable in one
installment on January 12, 2012.
The debentures are convertible into the Company's Ordinary Shares at a
rate of one ordinary share per $1.10 aggregate principal amount of
debentures. The conversion price was subject to downward adjustment
under certain circumstances in which the Company would have sold
securities in financings at a price per share which was lower than the
conversion price, provided that such financings closed, or agreements
for such financings were signed, through December 2006. As of the
balance sheet date no such adjustment was or will be required and the
downward adjustment mechanism has expired.
Subject to the Facility Agreement, the Company may at its option
announce the early redemption of the debentures, provided that the
outstanding aggregate balance of principal on account of the
debentures is equal to or less than $500.
The debentures are listed and quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market and
the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
Certain of the Company's Equity Investors and Wafer Partners invested
$27,811 in the framework of the rights offering.
The debentures and interest thereon are unsecured and rank behind the
Company's existing and future secured indebtedness, including
indebtedness to the Banks under the Facility Agreement, to the
government of Israel in connection with grants the Company received
under its approved enterprise programs and to Siliconix and SanDisk.
If on the payment date of the principal and interest on the
debentures, there exists an infringement of certain covenants and
conditions under the Facility Agreement, the date for payment of the
interest and principal on the debentures may be postponed, depending
on various scenarios under the Facility Agreement until such covenant
or condition is settled. See Note 19F for the presentation of the
rights offering in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
F - 54
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
J. 2006 PUBLIC OFFERING
In June 2006 the Company completed an underwritten public offering of
the Company's securities on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange resulting in
immediate gross proceeds of approximately NIS 140,000,000
(approximately $31,000). In the offering, 78,000 Units were sold at a
price per Unit of NIS 1,785 (approximately $0.4). Each Unit consisted
of (i) convertible debentures in the face amount of NIS 2,100
(approximately $0.47), (ii) five options each exercisable for the
three months ended September 27, 2006 for NIS 100 principal amount of
convertible debentures at an exercise price equal to 85% of their face
amount, linked to the Israeli Consumer Price Index ("CPI"), (iii) 140
warrants each exercisable for the three months ended September 27,
2006 for one ordinary share of the Company at a price of NIS 6.75
(approximately $0.00157, linked to the CPI and (iv) 70 warrants each
exercisable for three years ending on June 28, 2009 for one ordinary
share of the Company at a price of NIS 7.40 (approximately $0.00175),
linked to the CPI. The convertible debentures are convertible into the
Company's Ordinary Shares at a conversion rate of one ordinary share
per NIS 8.40 (approximately $0.00199) principal amount of convertible
debentures. The convertible debentures carry a zero coupon with
principal payable at maturity in December 2011, at a premium of 37%
over face value, linked to the CPI. The conversion price is subject to
reduction in certain limited circumstances.
In accordance with Standard No. 22, the proceeds were allocated to
each of the Unit's components based on relative fair values in the
first 2 days of trading. After allocation, each of the components is
classified as either equity or liability based on the criteria
prescribed in Standard No. 22.
In addition, the Company issued 300 such units in consideration for
NIS 526,000 through a private placement to its market maker in
connection with said offering.
The offering was made in Israel to Israeli residents only. The
securities offered were not registered under the Securities Act and
may not be sold in the U.S. or to U.S. persons absent registration or
an applicable exemption.
Through September 2006, 391,500 options to purchase convertible
debentures described in (ii) above were exercised and 350,000 short
term warrants described in (iii) above were exercised into Ordinary
Shares, totaling in proceeds of approximately $8,000.
See Note 19F for the accounting for the public offering in accordance
with U.S. GAAP.
F - 55
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 12 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (cont.)
K. 2006 PRIVATE PLACEMENT
In November 2006, the Company received and accepted orders from
Israeli investors in private placements for (i) 58,150 units, each
comprised of 100 Ordinary Shares and 50 warrants ("Series 5
Warrants"), which were sold at a price of NIS 759 (approximately
$0.177) per unit and (ii) 58,000 units, each comprised of 100 Ordinary
Shares and 40 Series 5 Warrants, which were sold at a price of NIS 850
(approximately $0.198) per unit. The price of the Ordinary Shares
included in the units was equal to the closing price of the Company's
shares on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange prior to each of the relevant
private placements. Total immediate gross proceeds amounted to
approximately $22,000.
Under Israeli securities laws, the securities were subject to a
statutory lock-up. Further to the Company's undertaking to allow for
removal of the statutory lock-up, the Company filed a prospectus with
the Israel Securities Authority. Such prospectus was published in
December 2006.
Each of the Series 5 Warrants is exercisable at any time during a
period of four years ending in December 2010 at a price per share
equal to a 25% premium to the market price of the Company's shares at
the date the prospectus is published. As of December 28, 2006,
following the publication of the prospectus, the exercise price was
finalized and determined to be NIS 9.48 (approximately $0.0022) linked
to the CPI.
In accordance with Standard no. 22, Series 5 Warrants have been
classified as liability since it did not meet the equity
classification criteria in the issuance date. As a result of the
classification as liability, such warrants are marked to market to
their fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings.
NOTE 13 - INFORMATION ON GEOGRAPHIC AREAS AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS
A. REVENUES BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA (as percentage of total sales)
Year ended December 31,
-------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
------- ------- -------
United States 69% 64% 60%
Israel 7 7 20
Asia Pacific - primarily Taiwan 16 20 11
Europe 8 9 9
------- ------- -------
Total 100% 100% 100%
======= ======= =======
B. LONG-LIVED ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA - Substantially all of the
Company's long-lived assets are located in Israel.
F - 56
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 13 - INFORMATION ON GEOGRAPHIC AREAS AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (cont.)
C. MAJOR CUSTOMERS (as percentage of total sales)
Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------- -------- --------
Customer A (related party) 23% 22% 24%
Customer B 10 14 5
Customer C (related party) 10 7 1
Customer D 5 2 17
Other customers (*) 25 15 17
(*) Represents sales to five different customers each of whom
accounted for between 2% and 9% of sales during 2006; to four
different customers each of whom accounted for between 3% and 5%
of sales during 2005 and to three customers accounted for between
3% and 8% of sales during 2004.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the above major customers
constituted the majority of the trade accounts receivable reflected on
the balance sheets.
NOTE 14 - FINANCING EXPENSES, NET
Financing expenses, net consist of the following:
Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------- -------- --------
Financial expenses (primarily bank loans interest) $(39,917) $(36,103) $(28,257)
Expenses in relation to convertible debentures (primarily
interest and discount amortization expenses) (9,913) (741) (2,685)
-------- -------- --------
(49,830) (36,844) (30,942)
Financing income (primarily bank deposit interest) 1,682 1,193 1,197
-------- -------- --------
Financing expense, net $(48,148) $(35,651) $(29,745)
======== ======== ========
NOTE 15 - OTHER INCOME, NET
In December 2004, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell
all of its holdings in Saifun Semiconductors Ltd. ("Saifun"), an Israeli
company which designs and develops memory designs, to a U.S. based private
equity investor in consideration for $38,677. In December 2004,
shareholders of Saifun exercised their right of first refusal, and
accordingly purchased the shares from the Company for said amount. The net
gain from the sale of Saifun's shares amounted to $32,377.
F - 57
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 16 - INCOME TAXES
A. APPROVED ENTERPRISE STATUS
Substantially all of the Company's existing facilities and other
capital investments through December 31, 2005 have been granted
approved enterprise status, as provided by the Israeli Law for the
Encouragement of Capital Investments - 1959 ("Investments Law") (see
Note 5B).
The tax benefits derived from approved enterprise status relate only
to taxable income attributable to each approved enterprise investments
program. Pursuant to the Investments Law and the approval
certificates, the Company's income attributable to its various
approved enterprise investments is taxed at a rate of up to 25%
through 2012. Taxable income attributable to the Fab 2 approved
program shall be tax-exempt for the first two years it arises. The
portion of the Company's taxable income that is not attributable to
approved enterprise investments is taxed at a rate of 31% in 2006
(regular "Company Tax"). The regular Company Tax rate is to be
gradually reduced to 25% until 2010.
The tax benefits are also conditioned upon fulfillment of the
requirements stipulated by the Investments Law and the regulations
promulgated thereunder, as well as the criteria set forth in the
certificates of approval. In the event of a failure by the Company to
comply with these conditions, the tax benefits could be canceled, in
whole or in part, and the Company would be required to refund the
amount of the canceled benefits, plus interest and certain inflation
adjustments. In management's opinion, the Company has been in
compliance with the conditions through the approval date of the
financial statements. See also Notes 5B and 11A(8).
F - 58
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 16 - INCOME TAXES (cont.)
B. COMPONENTS OF DEFERRED TAX ASSET/LIABILITY
The following is a summary of the components of the deferred tax
benefit and liability reflected on the balance sheets as of the
respective dates:
As of December 31,
--------------------------
2006 2005
--------- ---------
DEFERRED TAX BENEFIT - CURRENT
Amounts relating to employees benefits $ 1,717 $ 522
Other 115 51
--------- ---------
1,832 573
Valuation allowance (1,832) (573)
--------- ---------
Total current deferred tax benefit $ - $ -
========= =========
NET DEFERRED TAX BENEFIT - LONG-TERM
Deferred tax assets -
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 174,000 $ 165,000
Research and development 2,063 2,427
Liability for employee rights upon severance 656 957
--------- ---------
176,719 168,384
Valuation allowance (128,707) (118,321)
--------- ---------
48,012 50,063
Deferred tax liability - depreciation and amortization (48,012) (50,063)
--------- ---------
Total net long-term deferred tax benefit $ - $ -
========= =========
C. EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATES
The reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the Company's
effective tax rate is as follows:
Year ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------- -------- --------
Israeli statutory rate (31)% (34)% (35)%
Reduced tax rate for approved enterprise 11 14 15
Tax benefits for which deferred taxes
were not recorded 13 21 23
Permanent differences and other, net 7 (1) (3)
-------- -------- --------
-% -% -%
======== ======== ========
D. NET OPERATING LOSS CARRYFORWARD
As of December 31, 2006, the Company had net operating loss
carryforwards for tax purposes of approximately $870,000, which may be
carried forward for an unlimited period of time.
F - 59
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 16 - INCOME TAXES (cont.)
E. FINAL TAX ASSESSMENTS
The Company possesses final tax assessments through the year 1998. In
addition, the tax assessments for the years 1999-2002 are deemed
final.
NOTE 17 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership
interest in an entity, or a contract that imposes on one entity a
contractual obligation either to deliver or receive cash or another
financial instrument to or from a second entity. Examples of financial
instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable,
loans, investments, trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, options and
forward contracts.
The Company makes certain disclosures with regard to financial instruments,
including derivatives. These disclosures include, among other matters, the
nature and terms of derivative transactions, information about significant
concentrations of credit risk, and the fair value of financial assets and
liabilities.
See Note 19D for disclosure related to the Company's derivatives financial
instruments in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
A. HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company, from time to time, enters into foreign currency
derivatives to hedge its foreign currency exposure to equipment
purchase commitments and other firm commitments denominated in foreign
currency (primarily Japanese Yen and Euro). In that regard, the
Company generally uses foreign currency forward contracts and options
(zero-cost cylinder) as hedging instruments for foreign currency
exposure. Accordingly, if the hedge is determined to be effective all
changes in value attributed to spot rate fluctuations as well as the
premium of forward contracts and the time value of options at
inception are deferred until the hedged item is recognized (i.e.,
receipt of the equipment). The time value of options at inception is
amortized on a straight-line basis.
In addition, the Company, from time to time, enters into agreements to
hedge variable interest rate exposure on long-term loans (see Note 8).
In order to hedge the cash flow related to this exposure, the Company
uses various types of derivative contracts, consisting primarily of
interest rate caps, floors and collars. If the hedge is determined to
be effective, the changes in the intrinsic value of the derivative
contracts are deferred and recognized in results of operations as
interest payments become due. The time value of options at inception
is recognized in the results of operations on a straight-line basis.
When the related debt is issued in connection with the acquisition of
assets not yet placed into operations, interest costs and gains and
losses on the derivative contracts are capitalized to the related
asset.
The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments
for non-hedging purposes.
F - 60
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 17 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont.)
B. CREDIT RISK OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, INCLUDING DERIVATIVES
The face or contract amounts of derivatives do not represent amounts
exchanged by the parties and, accordingly, are not a measure of the
exposure of the Company through its use of derivatives.
The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in respect of
derivative financial instruments in a manner similar to the credit
risk involved in the realization or collection of other types of
assets. In management's estimation, due to the fact that derivative
financial instrument transactions are entered into solely with
financial institution counterparties, it is not expected that such
counterparties will fail to meet their obligations. Substantially all
remaining financial instruments held by the Company are due from
governmental entities and, accordingly, the Company's credit risk in
respect thereof is negligible.
C. PRESENTATION OF HEDGING ACTIVITIES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had outstanding
agreements to hedge interest rate exposure on loans drawn down under
the Facility Agreement, the aggregate amount of which was $207,000 and
$292,000 respectively, all of which is attributable to Fab 2. These
agreements resulted in 2006 in a gain of $880 and in 2005 and 2004, in
a loss of $1,756 and $5,629, respectively.
D. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments,
excluding the Company's agreements to hedge interest rate exposure on
long-term loans and long term convertible debentures did not
materially differ from their respective carrying amounts as of
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. The fair value of the interest rate
hedging transactions as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 would have
resulted in an unrealized capitalizable gain of $1,790 and $1,767,
respectively (as of December 31, 2004, an unrealized capitalizable
loss of $2,406). The fair values of convertible debentures as of
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $126,048, $22,750 and $15,889,
based on quoted market prices for the respective dates.
F - 61
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 18 - RELATED PARTIES BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS
A. BALANCES
As of December 31,
-------------------------
2006 2005
--------- ---------
Trade accounts receivable $ 13,625 $ 5,309
========= =========
Current liabilities, including current maturity of
long-term loans $ 5,895 $ 188
========= =========
Convertible debenture $ 24,500 $ 25,493
========= =========
Long-term liability in respect of customers' advances $ 27,340 $ 37,785
========= =========
Other long-term liabilities, including long-term loans from
related parties, net of current maturity $ 9,279 $ 1,102
========= =========
Capital note $ 100,000 $ -
========= =========
B. TRANSACTIONS
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Revenues $ 64,055 $ 33,456 $ 37,521
========= ========= =========
Expenses paid $ 206 $ 57 $ 190
========= ========= =========
Royalties received - Note 11D(2) $ - $ - $ 875
========= ========= =========
Application of customer advances towards purchases $ - $ - $ 445
========= ========= =========
Equity conversion of customer advances - Note
11A(5) $ 7,621 $ 1,794 $ 539
========= ========= =========
Conversion of customer advances into Long-term
loans - Note 11A(5) $ 2,823 $ 936 $ 166
========= ========= =========
C. For commitments, contingencies and other transactions relating to Fab
2 Wafer Partner and Equity Investor agreements - see Note 11A.
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP
With regard to the Company's financial statements, the material differences
between GAAP in Israel and in the U.S. relate to the following. See J below
for the presentation of the Company's balance sheets as of December 31,
2006 and 2005 in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
F - 62
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
A. INITIAL ADOPTION OF NEW PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE FASB
(1) SFAS NO. 151 - INVENTORY COSTS, AN AMENDMENT OF ARB NO. 43,
CHAPTER 4 - In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151,
"INVENTORY COSTS, AN AMENDMENT OF ARB NO. 43, CHAPTER 4". SFAS
No. 151 amends the guidance in ARB 43, Chapter 4, "Inventory
Pricing", which provides guidance on the allocation of certain
costs to inventory. SFAS 151 clarifies that abnormal amounts of
idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted
material (spoilage) should be recognized as current-period
charges. In addition, SFAS 151 requires that allocation of fixed
production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the
normal capacity of the production facilities. The provisions of
this statement are effective for inventory costs incurred during
fiscal years beginning after June 2005. The provisions of this
statement shall be applied prospectively. This Statement does not
have a material effect on the Company's financial position or
results of operations.
(2) SFAS NO. 123 (REVISED 2004) "SHARE BASED PAYMENTS" - In December
2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) "SHARE BASED
PAYMENTS" ("SFAS 123(R)"). This Statement is a revision of FASB
Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation",
which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees" and its authoritative interpretations.
SFAS 123(R) establishes standards for the accounting for
transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments
for goods or services; focuses primarily on accounting for
transactions in which an entity obtains employee and directors
services in share-based payment transactions; and does not change
the accounting guidance for share-based payment transactions with
parties other than employees.
SFAS 123(R) eliminates the alternative to use APB 25's intrinsic
value method of accounting that was provided in SFAS 123 as
originally issued and requires measuring the cost of employee
services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments
based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The
fair-value-based method in this Statement is similar to the
fair-value-based method in SFAS 123 in most respects. The costs
associated with the awards will be recognized over the period
during which an employee is required to provide services in
exchange for the award - the requisite service period (usually
the vesting period).
The grant-date fair value of employee share options and similar
instruments will be estimated using option-pricing models
adjusted for the unique characteristics of those instruments
(unless observable market prices for the same or similar
instruments are available). If an equity award is modified after
the grant date, incremental compensation cost will be recognized
in an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of the
modified award over the fair value of the original award
immediately before the modification.
F - 63
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
A. INITIAL ADOPTION OF NEW PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE FASB (cont.)
(2) SFAS NO. 123 (REVISED 2004) "SHARE BASED PAYMENTS" (CONT.)
The provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to all awards to be granted
by the Company on or after January 1, 2006 and to awards
modified, repurchased, or cancelled after that date. When
initially applying the provisions of SFAS 123(R), in the first
quarter of 2006, the Company was required to elect between using
either the "modified prospective method" or the "modified
retrospective method". Under the modified prospective method, the
Company is required to recognize compensation cost for all awards
granted after the adoption of SFAS 123(R) and for the unvested
portion of previously granted awards that are outstanding on that
date. Under the modified retrospective method, the Company is
required to restate its previously issued financial statements to
recognize the amounts previously calculated and reported on a pro
forma basis, as if the original provisions of SFAS 123(R) had
been adopted. Under both methods, it is permitted to use either a
straight line or an accelerated method to amortize the cost as an
expense for awards with graded vesting. The Company elected the
modified prospective method using graded vesting amortization.
(3) SFAS 153, EXCHANGE OF NON-MONETARY ASSETS - In December 2004, the
FASB issued SFAS No. 153, "Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets an
amendment of APB No. 29". This Statement amends Opinion 29 to
eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar
productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for
exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial
substance. The Statement specifies that a nonmonetary exchange
has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity
are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange.
This Statement is effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges
occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005.
Retroactive application is not permitted. The adoption of this
Standard does not affect the Company's financial position or
results of operations.
(4) SFAS NO. 154, ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND ERROR CORRECTIONS - This
Statement, published in May 2005, replaces APB Opinion No. 20,
Accounting Changes, and FASB Statement No. 3, Reporting
Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements, and changes
the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change
in accounting principles. This Statement applies to all voluntary
changes in accounting principles, and to changes required by an
accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that the
pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions.
F - 64
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
A. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS BY THE FASB (cont.)
(5) SFAS NO. 155. ACCOUNTING FOR CERTAIN HYBRID FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
- In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, "Accounting for
Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments". Key provisions of SFAS 155
include: (1) a broad fair value measurement option for certain
hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative
that would otherwise require bifurcation; (2) clarification that
only the simplest separations of interest payments and principal
payments qualify for the exception afforded to interest-only
strips and principal-only strips from derivative accounting under
paragraph 14 of FAS 133 (thereby narrowing such exception); (3) a
requirement that beneficial interests in securitized financial
assets be analyzed to determine whether they are freestanding
derivatives or whether they are hybrid instruments that contain
embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation; (4) clarification
that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination
are not embedded derivatives; and (5) elimination of the
prohibition on a QSPE holding passive derivative financial
instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or
contain a derivative financial instrument. In general, these
changes will reduce the operational complexity associated with
bifurcating embedded derivatives, and increase the number of
beneficial interests in securitization transactions, including
interest-only strips and principal-only strips, required to be
accounted for in accordance with FAS 133. Management does not
believe that SFAS 155 will have a material effect on the
financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity of the
Company.
(6) FIN NO. 48. ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES - On July
13, 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement
No. 109" ("FIN 48"), which clarifies the accounting for
uncertainty in tax positions. This Interpretation requires
recognition in the financial statements of the impact of a tax
position, if that position is more likely than not of being
sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the
position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the 2007
fiscal year with the cumulative effect of the change in
accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening balance
of retained earnings. Management does not believe that FIN 48
will have a material effect on the financial condition, results
of operations, or liquidity of the Company.
(7) SFAS NO. 157. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - In September 2006, the
FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements." SFAS No. 157
requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial
instruments according to a fair value hierarchy as defined in the
standard. Additionally, companies are required to provide
enhanced disclosure regarding financial instruments in one of the
categories (level 3), including a reconciliation of the beginning
and ending balances separately for each major category of assets
and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15,
2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The
Company's management believes that the adoption of SFAS No. 157
will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
F - 65
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
B. PRESENTATION OF DESIGNATED CASH AND SHORT-TERM INTEREST-BEARING
DEPOSITS
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company's designated cash and
short-term interest bearing deposits should be excluded from current
assets and presented separately as a non-current asset. Accordingly,
as of December 31, 2005, $31,661 was reclassified from current assets
to a long-term asset.
C. PRESENTATION OF NET LONG-TERM LIABILITIES IN RESPECT OF EMPLOYEES
Under U.S. GAAP, assets and liabilities relating to severance
arrangements are to be presented separately and are not to be offset,
while according to Israeli GAAP such an offset is required.
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2006 an amount of $13,535 was
reclassified from other long-term liabilities to long-term investments
(as of December 31, 2005 - $13,658).
D. HEDGING ACTIVITIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 133)
(1) In 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" and the related
statements and interpretations thereon (collectively, "SFAS
133"). A derivative is typically defined as an instrument whose
value is derived from an underlying instrument, index or rate,
has a notional amount, requires no or little initial investment
and can be net settled.
SFAS 133 requires that all derivatives be recorded in the
financial statements at their fair value at the date of the
financial statements. The changes in the fair value of the
derivatives are charged to the statement of operations or to
other comprehensive income, as appropriate in the circumstances.
The Company's derivatives consist mainly of foreign currency
forward transactions and options and interest rate instruments
(collars).
(2) The Company uses foreign exchange agreements (forward contracts
and options) to hedge its foreign currency exposure in
anticipated equipment purchases denominated in foreign currency.
All foreign exchange agreements are with underlying terms that
match or approximate the hedged transactions and thus are highly
effective. The Company measures the effectiveness of the forward
hedge contracts based on forward rates. The Company assesses and
measures the effectiveness of the options hedge, at inception and
throughout the hedge, based on total changes in cash flows. All
changes in fair value are reported in other comprehensive income.
The amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income are
expensed to results of operations concurrent with the recognition
of depreciation expenses on the equipment. As of December 31,
2006 and 2005, the Company had no outstanding foreign exchange
agreements.
F - 66
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
D. HEDGING ACTIVITIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 133) (cont.)
(2) (cont.)
The Company uses interest rate collars with a knock-out and
knock-in features to hedge its LIBOR-based variable long-term
debt cash flow exposure. The knock-out feature was set above the
cap level and the knock-in feature was set below the floor level.
The Company determined that the probability that the cap will be
knocked-out is remote and thus expected that the hedge will be
highly effective. The Company assessed and measured the
effectiveness of the hedge, at inception and throughout the
hedge, based on total changes in cash flows of the collar, and
reported changes in fair value in other comprehensive income.
Amounts presented in other comprehensive income are reclassified
to operations or capitalized to property and equipment, as
applicable (see Note 2M), as interest payment become due. For
outstanding contracts as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, see Note
17C.
(3) Following the commencement of operations of Fab 2 during 2003,
$6,641 of the aggregate comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2003,
which is attributable to property and equipment, is amortized on
a straight-line method over five years, in correspondence to the
estimated economic lives commonly used in the industry of the
machinery and equipment.
(4) Complying with SFAS 133 with respect to the Company's hedging
transactions as of December 31, 2006 would have resulted in: an
increase in other long-term investments in the amount of $1,790;
a decrease (for U.S. GAAP purposes only) in other comprehensive
loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 in the net amount of
$1,351; an accumulated other comprehensive loss component of
equity balance as of such date in the amount of $203; and in a
decrease of $1,993 in property and equipment, net as of December
31, 2006.
F - 67
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
E. IMPLEMENTATION OF SFAS 123 AND SFAS 148
Had compensation cost for the Company's share option plans been
determined based on fair value at the grant dates for awards made
through December 31, 2005 in accordance with SFAS 123, as amended by
SFAS 148, the Company's pro forma loss and loss per share would have
been as follows (for further information with regard to the Company's
share option plans and the assumptions for utilizing the Black-Scholes
pricing model, see Note 12B(4)):
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------
2005 2004
--------- ---------
PRO FORMA LOSS
Loss for the year, as reported according to
U.S. GAAP (see K below) $(203,082) $(137,768)
Add - stock-based compensation
determined under SFAS 123 (4,229) (3,980)
--------- ---------
Pro forma loss $(207,311) $(141,748)
========= =========
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE
As reported according to U.S.
GAAP (see M below) $ (3.06) $ (2.13)
========= =========
Pro forma $ (3.12) $ (2.19)
========= =========
F. ISSUANCE OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
Under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 14 ("APB 14"), the
proceeds from the sale of the securities in January 2002 are to be
allocated to each of the securities issued based on their relative
fair value, while according to Israeli GAAP such treatment was not
required. Complying with APB 14, based on the average market value of
each of the components issued in the first three days following their
issuance (in January 2002), would have resulted in an increase in
shareholders' equity as of the issuance date in the amount of $2,363
(net of $196 related issuance expenses), and a decrease in convertible
debentures as of such date in the amount of $2,559. The additional
accumulated effect of amortization of the discount on the convertible
debentures under U.S.GAAP as of December 31, 2006 would have been
$1,142. Commencing with the adoption of Standard No. 22 in January
2006, allocation of proceeds in a unit, to its components, is based on
relative fair values under Israeli GAAP as well as under U.S. GAAP.
F - 68
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
F. ISSUANCE OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (Cont.)
Under U.S. GAAP, convertible debentures have to be evaluated to
determine if they contain embedded derivative that warrant
bifurcation. Conversion feature embedded in convertible debentures
will need to be evaluated as to whether they can be classified as
equity based on the criteria established in EITF Issue 00-19 and 05-2.
The Company evaluated the conversion features embedded in its
debentures (i.e., sale of convertible debentures in 2002 - "2002
debentures", sale of convertible debentures in 2005 "2005 debentures"
and sale of convertible debentures in 2006 "2006 debentures") and
concluded that the conversion feature embedded in the 2005 and 2006
debentures warrant bifurcation while the conversion feature embedded
in the 2002 debentures is scoped out (for the discussion on the
accounting for the debentures under Israeli GAAP see Note 2H.
2002 DEBENTURES:
Under U.S. GAAP, the equity component, in the amount of $1,681,
classified in equity under Israeli GAAP was reclassified to liability.
2005 DEBENTURES:
Under U.S. GAAP, the equity component, in the amount of $12,520
classified as equity under Israeli GAAP was reclassified to liability
and the conversion feature was bifurcated from the debt host and
marked to market through earnings. The initial amount allocated to the
bifurcated conversion feature was determined using the "with and
without" method based on the fair value of the embedded derivative
prescribed in DIG Issue B6.
2006 DEBENTURES:
Under U.S. GAAP, the equity component, in the amount of $6,018,
classified in equity under Israeli GAAP was reclassified to liability.
The conversion feature was bifurcated from the debt host and marked to
market through earnings. The amount allocated to the bifurcated
conversion feature was determined using the "with and without" method.
All the above resulted as of December 31, 2006 mainly in an increase
in convertible debentures in the amount of $21,688; a decrease in the
shareholder's equity in the amount of $20,876 and an increase in other
assets in the amount of $834. The company's loss for the year ended
December 31, 2006 would have increased in the amount of $3,973.
G. 2006 PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Under U.S. GAAP series 5 warrants were initially recorded as liability
due to the ratchet provision included in them. Upon registering such
warrants the ratchet expired and the series 5 warrants were eligible
for equity classification based on the criteria in EITF 00-19.
Complying with the above, would have resulted as of December 31, 2006
mainly in a decrease in other long term liabilities and an increase in
the shareholder's equity in the amount of $3,088.
F - 69
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
H. EMPLOYEE STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Company adopted, effective January 1, 2006, SFAS 123R according to
which the compensation expense related to employee and directors share
option awards would have been resulted in an increase in the
compensations expenses for the year ending December 31, 2006 in the
amount of $1,513. The Company elected the modified prospective method
as its transition method. The adoption of SFAS 123R for U.S. GAAP
along with the adoption of Standard no. 24 for Israeli GAAP, decreased
the potential differences between U.S. GAAP and Israeli GAAP as it
related to stock based compensation.
I. FACILITY AGREEMENT
Under U.S. GAAP the debt modification under the September 2006
Amendment is considered troubled debt restructuring within the scope
of FASB No. 15 ACCOUNTING BY DEBTORS AND CREDITORS FOR TROUBLED DEBT
RESTRUCTURINGS which requires the following: (i) the amount considered
settled for shares and classified in equity is based on the price per
share as quoted at the closing date;(ii) the remaining balance after
deduction of the amount used as proceeds for the share issuance in 1
above, will remain outstanding;(iii) a new, lower effective interest
rate will be calculated as the interest rate that equates future
payments to the outstanding balance; and (iv) no gains or losses are
recognized in the current period.
Under U.S. GAAP the debt modification under the Amendment is
considered to include an embedded derivative that should be separately
accounted for. The Company considered the obligation to issue shares
as agreed with the Banks and determined that it contains two
components (i) a contingent component and (ii) an uncontingent
component. The contingent component is the obligation to issue shares
equal to half of the amount of the Decreased Amount if the Fourth
Quarter 2010 Price is less than $3.49. The uncontingent component is
the obligation to issue shares equal to half of the Decreased Amount
regardless of the Fourth Quarter 2010 Price. The Company accounted for
the uncontingent component as an additional interest expense and
calculated the effective interest rate to include such expense. The
Company treated the uncontingent component as an embedded derivative
that needs to be bifurcated and separately accounted for based on fair
value. Initial separation of the embedded derivative will be done
using the "with and without" method described in DIG Issue B6. Changes
in the fair value of the embedded derivative will be included in
financing expenses. All the above resulted in a decrease of $75,483 in
the shareholders equity for the year ended December 31, 2006 and an
increase of the same amount in the long-term loans from the banks as
of December 31, 2006.
F - 70
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
J. BALANCE SHEETS IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006 AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005
------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------
U.S. AS PER AS PER AS PER AS PER
GAAP ISRAELI ADJUST- U.S. ISRAELI ADJUST- U.S.
REMARK GAAP MENTS GAAP GAAP MENTS GAAP
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
A S S E T S
CURRENT ASSETS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS $ 39,710 $ 39,710 $ 7,337 $ 7,337
SHORT-TERM INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS 1,230 1,230 - -
DESIGNATED CASH AND SHORT-TERM INTEREST -
BEARING DEPOSITS B - - 31,661 (31,661) -
TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE :
RELATED PARTIES 13,625 13,625 5,309 5,309
OTHERS 17,873 17,873 11,467 11,467
OTHER RECEIVABLES 5,425 5,425 9,043 9,043
INVENTORIES 41,101 41,101 24,376 24,376
OTHER CURRENT ASSETS 1,473 1,473 1,048 1,048
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 120,437 - 120,437 90,241 (31,661) 58,580
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS C,D - 15,325 15,325 - 15,425 15,425
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET D,F 532,954 (1,745) 531,209 510,645 (3,291) 507,354
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
DESIGNATED CASH AND SHORT-TERM
INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS B - - - - 31,661 31,661
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET 44,981 44,981 61,441 61,441
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
OTHER ASSETS, NET F 1,346 834 2,180 16,359 (196) 16,163
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
TOTAL ASSETS $ 699,718 $ 14,414 $ 714,132 $ 678,686 $ 11,938 $ 690,624
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
CURRENT MATURITIES OF LONG TERM DEBT $ - $ - $ 21,103 $ 21,103
CURRENT MATURITIES OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES F 6,632 270 6,902 6,453 (640) 5,813
TRADE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 55,128 55,128 59,741 59,741
OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 22,096 22,096 8,972 8,972
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 83,856 270 84,126 96,269 (640) 95,629
LONG-TERM DEBT FROM BANKS I 356,947 75,483 432,430 497,000 497,000
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES F 62,175 21,688 83,863 19,358 23,574 42,932
LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS' ADVANCES 46,042 46,042 59,621 59,621
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES C,G 17,708 10,447 28,155 11,012 13,658 24,670
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
TOTAL LIABILITIES 566,728 107,888 674,616 683,260 36,592 719,852
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES F - - - 25,493 (25,493) -
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
ORDINARY SHARES, NIS 1 PAR VALUE -
AUTHORIZED 800,000,000 AND 500,000,000
SHARES RESPECTIVELY; ISSUED 102,052,767
AND 68,232,056 SHARES, RESPECTIVELY 24,187 24,187 16,548 16,548
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL F,G 564,580 6,404 570,984 522,237 2,363 524,600
CAPITAL NOTES 176,401 176,401
EQUITY COMPONENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
AND CUMULATIVE STOCK BASED COMPENSATION F,H 23,576 (18,706) 4,870 (26) (26)
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS D - (203) (203) - (1,554) (1,554)
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT F,H,I (646,682) (80,969) (727,651) (559,754) 30 (559,724)
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
142,062 (93,474) 48,588 (20,995) 839 (20,156)
TREASURY STOCK, AT COST - 1,300,000 SHARES (9,072) - (9,072) (9,072) - (9,072)
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) 132,990 (93,474) 39,516 (30,067) 839 (29,228)
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 699,718 $ 14,414 $ 714,132 $ 678,686 $ 11,938 $ 690,624
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
F - 71
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
K. STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP
Complying with FASB No. 15 (I above), SFAS 133 (D above), APB 14 (F
above) and SFAS 123R (H above) would have resulted in an increase in
the loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 in the amount of
$80,999, mainly due to the difference in accounting for the debt
modification under Israeli GAAP. Giving effect to all the above, the
loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 would be $167,927. No
material effect on the result of operation for the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2004.
L. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 130)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in shareholder's
equity during a reporting period from transactions and other events
and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in
equity during a reporting period except those resulting from
investments by owners and distributions to owners. Other comprehensive
income (loss) represents gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are
included in comprehensive income but excluded from net income.
Following are statements of comprehensive loss in accordance with U.S.
GAAP:
Year ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Loss for the year according to U.S. GAAP $(167,927) $(203,082) $(137,768)
Other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of unrealized
losses on derivatives 1,328 1,328 1,328
Unrealized gains on derivatives 23 4,173 7,514
--------- --------- ---------
Net comprehensive loss for the year $(166,576) $(197,581) $(128,926)
========= ========= =========
F - 72
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
M. LOSS PER SHARE DATA IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 128)
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, SFAS 128, the basic and diluted loss per
share would be:
Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------- -------- --------
Basic loss per share $ (2.03) $ (3.06) $ (2.13)
======== ======== ========
Diluted loss per share $ (2.03) $ (3.06) $ (2.13)
======== ======== ========
The following tables provide the numerators and denominators of the
basic and diluted per share computations for 2006, 2005,and 2004 in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. The loss per share for 2006, 2005 and 2004
according to U.S. GAAP differs from the corresponding amount under
Israeli GAAP due to different methods for determining the loss used to
compute loss per share.
RECONCILIATION FOR 2006:
Year ended December 31, 2006
------------------------------------------
Shares
Loss (in thousands) Per-share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
--------- --------- ---------
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary shareholders $(167,927) 82,581 $ (2.03)
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE SECURITIES
Convertible debentures - - -
Options and warrants - - -
--------- --------- ---------
DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary
shareholders after assumed conversions $(167,927) 82,581 $ (2.03)
========= ========= =========
Options and warrants to purchase 43,842,508 Ordinary Shares at an
average exercise price of $1.92 per share were outstanding as of
December 31, 2006 but were not included in the computation of diluted
loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive. Convertible
debentures, convertible into 53,314,471 Ordinary Shares, were
outstanding as of December 31, 2006 but were not included in the
computation of diluted loss per share since their effect is
anti-dilutive. Capital notes, convertible into 117,763,158 Ordinary
Shares, were outstanding as of December 31, 2006 but were not included
in the computation of diluted loss per share since their effect is
anti-dilutive.
F - 73
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
M. LOSS PER SHARE DATA IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 128) (cont.)
RECONCILIATION FOR 2005:
Year ended December 31, 2005
---------------------------------------
Shares
Loss (in Thousands) Per-share
(Numerator) (Denominator) amount
--------- --------- ---------
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary shareholders $(203,082) 66,371 $ (3.06)
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE SECURITIES
Convertible debentures - - -
Options and warrants - - -
--------- --------- ---------
DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary shareholders after
assumed conversions $(203,082) 66,371 $ (3.06)
========= ========= =========
Options and warrants to purchase 28,437,207 Ordinary Shares at an
average exercise price of $4.23 per share were outstanding as of
December 31, 2005 but were not included in the computation of diluted
loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive. Convertible
debentures, convertible into 25,872,523 Ordinary Shares, were
outstanding as of December 31, 2005 but were not included in the
computation of diluted loss per share since their effect is
anti-dilutive.
RECONCILIATION FOR 2004:
Year ended December 31, 2004
------------------------------------------
Shares
Loss (in Thousands) Per-share
(Numerator) (Denominator) amount
--------- --------- ---------
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary shareholders $(137,768) 64,633 $ (2.13)
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE SECURITIES
Convertible debentures - - -
Options and warrants - - -
--------- --------- ---------
DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE
Loss available to ordinary Shareholders after
assumed conversions $(137,768) 64,633 $ (2.13)
========= ========= =========
Options and warrants to purchase 17,374,088 Ordinary Shares at an
average exercise price of $6.61 per share were outstanding as of
December 31, 2004 but were not included in the computation of
diluted loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.
Convertible debentures, convertible into 2,697,068 Ordinary
Shares, were outstanding as of December 31, 2004 but were not
included in the computation of diluted loss per share since their
effect is anti-dilutive.
F - 74
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data and per share data)
NOTE 19 - MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND U.S. GAAP (cont.)
N. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. GAAP (SFAS 95)
Complying with SFAS 95 would not have materially affected the cash
flows of the Company for each of the years ended December 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004.
F - 75