Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(B)(5)
Registration No. 333-148838
This prospectus supplement relates to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, but is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 16, 2009
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT TO PROSPECTUS
DATED APRIL 30, 2009
6,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
We are selling 6,000,000 shares of common stock.
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "RIGL." The last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market on September 15, 2009 was $7.61 per share.
The underwriters have an option to purchase from us a maximum of 900,000 additional shares to cover over-allotments of shares.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-9.
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Price to Public |
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Proceeds to Rigel |
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Per Share |
$ | $ | $ | |||
Total |
$ | $ | $ |
Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made on or about September , 2009.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the prospectus to which it relates are truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Credit Suisse | ||
Oppenheimer & Co. |
Thomas Weisel Partners LLC |
The date of this prospectus supplement is September , 2009.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document is in two parts. The first part is the prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of the common stock being offered by us, and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference, provides more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering of common stock. Generally, when we refer to this prospectus, we are referring to both parts of this document combined. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, before the date of this prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later datefor example, a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectusthe statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus,
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and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering when making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents we have referred you to in the section of this prospectus supplement entitled "Where You Can Find More Information."
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This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This summary does not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read and consider carefully the more detailed information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement and the financial and other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as well as the information included in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, before making an investment decision.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus to "Rigel," "the company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The name Rigel Pharmaceuticals and our logo are our trademarks. All other trademarks or tradenames included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus are the property of their respective owners.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage drug development company that discovers and develops novel, small-molecule drugs for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, as well as for certain cancers and metabolic diseases. Our pioneering research focuses on intracellular signaling pathways and related targets that are critical to disease mechanisms. We have product development programs in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, thrombocytopenia and asthma, as well as in cancer. R788 is our lead product candidate. We are developing R788 for the treatment of RA, and we recently completed our TASKi2 and TASKi3 Phase 2b clinical trials of R788 in RA patients. We are also developing R788 for the treatment of B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, and in the future intend to develop R788 for the treatment of immune thombocytopenic purpura, or ITP, and systemic lupus erythematosus based on our previous clinical trials. R788 is also being evaluated by the National Cancer Institute, or NCI, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, for the treatment of certain solid tumors. Our other product candidates are being developed for the treatment of psoriasis and possible topical applications, certain cancers and asthma. Our productivity has resulted in strategic collaborations with large pharmaceutical partners to develop and market certain of our product candidates.
Product Development Programs
Our product development portfolio features multiple novel small molecule drug candidates whose specialized mechanisms of action are intended to provide therapeutic benefit for a range of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases as well as for certain cancers. Our multiple product candidates in development are as follows:
R788 (fostamatinib disodium)Product Candidate for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
R788, our lead product candidate, is an orally bio-available inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, or Syk kinase. It has a novel mechanism of action for the treatment of RA, inhibiting receptor signaling of immunoglobulin G, or IgG, in various immune cells, including macrophages and B-cells.
RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects multiple tissues, but typically produces its most pronounced symptoms in the joints. We believe the development of R788 may result in a safe oral disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, or a DMARD, that can be used early in the course of the disease, preventing its progression prior to major bone and cartilage destruction.
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In July 2009, we announced that R788 produced significant clinical improvement in RA patients in the recently completed TASKi2 Phase 2b clinical trial in which 457 RA patients were treated for up to six months. TASKi2 was a multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel dose clinical trial involving RA patients in the U.S., Latin America and Europe who had failed to respond to methotrexate alone. Patients received either 100 mg of R788 bid (twice a day), 150 mg qd (once a day) or placebo bid or qd. Efficacy assessments for each participant were based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria, which denotes at least a 20% (ACR 20) improvement, at least a 50% (ACR 50) improvement, or at least a 70% (ACR 70) improvement, as well as improvement in the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), from the baseline assessment at the end of the six month treatment period. The groups treated with 100 mg of R788 bid and 150 mg qd reported higher ACR 20, ACR 50, ACR 70 and DAS28 response rates than the placebo group. The efficacy results for the two dosing groups were comparable, although the response rates for the 100 mg bid group was uniformly greater. Consistent with the previous Phase 2a clinical trial (TASKi1), the onset of effect of R788 occurred within one week after the initiation of therapy and was maintained. The most frequent adverse events were expected based on TASKi1 and appear to be manageable. The most common clinically meaningful drug-related adverse events noted in TASKi2 were diarrhea and hypertension. Dose reduction options were pre-specified in the trial protocol and, in cases where doses were reduced, patients generally completed the clinical trial with minimal safety issues. The mean increase in blood pressure from baseline at six months, using a last observation carry forward methodology, was less than 0.5 mmHg for the 150 mg qd dose group and approximately 1mmHg for the 100mg bid dose group. In patients that had a history of high blood pressure, an elevated blood pressure level at screening or baseline, or were on blood pressure medication, approximately 29% and 39% of these patients in the 150 mg qd dose and the 100 mg bid dose groups, respectively, had blood pressure medication adjusted or initiated during the course of the study, compared with 12% of these patients from the placebo group. In patients that did not have a history of high blood pressure, were not on blood pressure medication or did not have an elevated blood pressure level at screening or baseline, approximately 4% and 9% of these patients from the 150 mg qd dose and the 100 mg bid dose groups, respectively, had blood pressure medication initiated during the course of the study, compared with 3% of these patients from the placebo group. For those patients who had their dose of blood pressure medications adjusted or initiated, their blood pressure was successfully reduced and was generally well controlled throughout the remainder of the trial. The blood pressure medications were standard doses of common blood pressure medication such as angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, inhibitors or diuretics. The most common adverse events in the trial overall were related to infections, though these were generally evenly distributed among the placebo and R788 groups.
In July 2009, we also announced results for the TASKi3 Phase 2b clinical trial involving 219 RA patients who had failed to respond to at least one biologic treatment. In the TASKi3 trial, patients received either 100 mg of R788 bid or placebo bid for up to three months. The group treated with R788 did not report significantly higher ACR 20, ACR 50, ACR 70 and DAS28 response rates than the placebo group at three months, and therefore, the trial failed to meet its efficacy endpoints. The objective components (C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) of these ACR scores did show a statistically significant difference; however, the subjective reported response rate components did not as compared to placebo. Although the ACR scores for the R788 group were within the expected range in this patient population, the reported placebo response rates were considerably higher than seen in any other previous study of RA biologic failure patients and rose unaccountably between week six (at which point the reported response rates between R788 and placebo were significantly different) and month three (when such reported response rates were no longer significantly different). TASKi3 was the first clinical trial for R788 in which anatomical changes in the patients' wrists and hands were evaluated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and scored using the RAMRIS (Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring) system. Those results showed improvements in the treated group versus the placebo group in the Synovitis and Osteitis scores, while the Erosion scores, known to be the slowest to
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change, showed no significant effect at three months. Similar to TASKi2, the most common clinically meaningful drug-related adverse events noted in TASKi3 were diarrhea and hypertension. Dose reduction options were pre-specified in the trial protocol and, in cases where doses were reduced, patients generally completed the clinical trial with minimal safety issues. The mean increase in blood pressure from baseline at three months, using a last observation carry forward methodology, was 3.2-3.6 mmHg for the R788 group. In TASKi3, patients that had a history of high blood pressure, an elevated blood pressure level at screening or baseline, or were on blood pressure medication, approximately 26% of these patients had blood pressure medication adjusted or initiated during the course of the study, compared with 14% of these patients from the placebo group. In patients that did not have a history of high blood pressure, were not on blood pressure medication or did not have an elevated blood pressure level at screening or baseline, approximately 5% of these patients had blood pressure medication initiated during the course of the study, compared with 3% of these patients from the placebo group. For those patients who had their dose of blood pressure medications adjusted or initiated, their blood pressure was successfully reduced and was generally well controlled throughout the remainder of the trial. The blood pressure medications were standard doses of common blood pressure medications such as ACE inhibitors or diuretics. The most common adverse events in the trial overall were related to infections, though these were generally evenly distributed among the placebo and R788 groups.
In February 2009, we announced favorable results in a QTc study for R788, which was conducted to evaluate the cardiac safety of R788. The double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, positive and placebo controlled parallel study of the effects of R788 on QT/QTc intervals in healthy subjects showed that R788 does not elicit a QT/QTc signal. Under a protocol pre-reviewed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, a total of 208 healthy volunteers were divided into four dosage groups and were given, in a parallel design, either placebo, a standard dose of 100 mg bid of R788, a super dose of 300 mg bid of R788, or moxifloxacin (known to elevate QT/QTc intervals in normal healthy adults). All participants were dosed for four days and were evaluated for changes from the time-matched baseline QT/QTc intervals using extractions from continuous Holter monitors. There were no significant effects on the QT/QTc intervals of participants in either the 100 mg bid or the 300 mg bid R788 dosage groups. As expected, the study found that participants in the moxifloxacin group experienced QT/QTc elevations.
We continue to pursue a collaboration partner for R788 with the intent to enter into a collaboration agreement prior to initiating a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating R788 in RA. We have engaged in discussions with various parties regarding such a collaboration and, if we are able to enter into a collaboration for R788 in a timely manner, we plan to initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating R788 in RA in the first half of 2010 with the collaboration partner.
R788Product Candidate for B-Cell Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a large class of blood cancers that affect the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. Research has shown that over activity of the signaling enzyme Syk appears to have an essential role in the survival and proliferation of certain B-cell lymphoma cell lines, and that R788 can inhibit the growth of B-cell lymphoma driven by Syk over activity.
In December 2008, we reported the results of a Phase 2 clinical trial that showed R788 was well-tolerated by B-cell lymphoma patients and that also showed therapeutic benefit in patients suffering from diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma, or DLBCL, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, or CLL/SLL. A total of 68 patients received 200 mg PO bid (orally, twice daily) of R788 until disease progression occurred. Treatment response rates from patients suffering from DLBCL and CLL/SLL were 22% and 55%, respectively. Response to treatment was evaluated using standard non-Hodgkin's lymphoma response criteria (The Cheson Criteria). Treatment-related adverse events included cytopenias, fatigue, diarrhea/abdominal discomfort and hypertension. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and were reversible.
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R788Product Candidate for T-Cell Lymphoma
Recent research has suggested that Syk may be important in the growth of some types of T-cell lymphomas. In March 2009, we announced the enrollment of the first patient in a Phase 2, multi-center clinical trial of R788 in patients with refractory or relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, or PTCL. The primary objective of the clinical trial is to assess the efficacy of R788 in patients suffering from this subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that originates in the patient's T-cells. Prior studies have suggested increased expression of Syk at the cellular level in many of these patients with PTCL. The Phase 2 clinical trial is being conducted in two stages at several centers in North America, with each patient receiving 200mg of R788 orally twice a day for a minimum of eight weeks, or until disease progression or withdrawal from the clinical trial. During stage one, 19 patients with PTCL who previously failed to respond to standard of care treatment for their disease are expected to be evaluated. Stage two is expected to include the enrollment of approximately 36 patients. Efficacy will be assessed by computerized tomography/positron emission tomography, or CT/PET, scans at baseline and CT scans of the disease-involved areas at eight weeks. Safety will be assessed by periodic physical exams, blood tests and clinical laboratory work, among others. Results of the clinical trial are expected in the second half of 2010.
R788Product Candidate for Certain Solid Tumors
Recent research has suggested that Syk may be important in the growth of certain solid tumors. In June 2009, we announced that R788 is being evaluated in a Phase 2 clinical trial funded, designed and implemented by the NCI. This open-label, single arm clinical trial includes patients with advanced colorectal, thyroid, non-small cell lung, hepatocellular, head and neck, or renal cell cancers who failed to respond to at least one line of therapy. The NCI is conducting the clinical trial and we supply the study drug and will receive clinical data and trial results.
R788Product Candidate for Immune Thombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Platelet destruction from ITP is mediated by IgG signaling, which signaling pathway is potently inhibited by R788. In pre-clinical studies, R788 was shown to improve thrombocytopenia in a mouse model of ITP. We completed an exploratory Phase 2 clinical trial of R788 to evaluate its safety and initial efficacy in chronic ITP patients. In this clinical trial, R788 was orally administered in varying doses for 30 or more days and demonstrated that it can improve platelet counts in highly refractory patients. We have postponed expanding this clinical trial of R788 in ITP until we secure a collaboration partner for R788 and have further clarity on the development priorities of such partner.
R788 Pre-Clinical Programs:
R788Product Candidate for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or Lupus)
SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive and chronic activation of inflammatory pathways. The disease leads to inflammation-mediated organ damage (kidney, brain, joints, and blood vessels). Pre-clinical studies have shown that R788 is highly effective in a mouse model of lupus. The initiation of a clinical trial in lupus patients has been postponed until we secure a collaboration partner for R788 and have further clarity on the development priorities of such partner.
JAK3 Programs:
R348Product Candidate for Psoriasis and Other Immune Disorders
R348 is a potent and selective janus tyrosine kinase 3, or JAK3, inhibitor. JAK3 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in modulating cytokine signaling in T and B cells, as well as affecting lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation in a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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We completed a Phase 1 clinical trial with R348 indicating a favorable safety profile. Moving forward, we plan to focus on psoriasis and possible topical applications of R348 in conjunction with a potential collaboration partner.
We are currently in the process of selecting a lead candidate for our oral JAK3 inhibitor program for the treatment of transplant rejection, and we expect to identify this lead candidate in 2009.
Partnered Product Candidates in Development:
R763Product Candidate for Oncology
R763/AS703569 is a potent, highly-selective, small-molecule inhibitor of aurora kinase. Aurora kinase plays a central role in cell division, and its over-expression has been associated with several cancer types. Inhibition of aurora kinase is thus believed to be a potential treatment for many different types of cancer.
In October 2005, we signed a licensing agreement with Merck Serono S.A., or Merck Serono, that gave Merck Serono an exclusive license to develop and commercialize inhibitors in our aurora kinase program, including R763/AS703569. In November 2007, Merck Serono exercised its option to add Japan to the territories covered under the current aurora kinase collaboration with respect to R763/AS703569, resulting in a milestone payment to us of $3.0 million. Under the agreement, Merck Serono is responsible for the further development and commercialization of R763/AS703569. In September 2006, Merck Serono initiated a Phase 1, multi-center clinical trial to evaluate R763/AS703569 for the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors. In February 2007, Merck Serono began an additional Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating R763/AS703569 on patients with hematological malignancies. Interim results from these two Phase 1 clinical trials are expected in 2009. In July 2007, Merck Serono initiated its third Phase 1 clinical trial, designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety and dosing regimen of R763/AS703569 in combination with gemcitabine, a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent administered by intravenous infusion. The clinical trial is evaluating two different treatment regimens in which R763/AS703569 is being given in sequence with the gemcitabine over 21-day cycles. As many as 72 patients with advanced malignancies, including pancreatic, ovarian, breast, non-small cell lung and colorectal cancers, are being evaluated. We expect that Merck Serono will initiate two Phase 2 clinical trials by the first half of 2010.
R343Product Candidate for Asthma
R343 is a potent Syk inhibitor that blocks immunoglobulin E, or IgE, receptor signaling. Allergic asthma is a potentially life-threatening chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which, in some patients, is mediated by allergen-induced IgE antibodies that trigger intracellular signaling in mast cells via IgE receptors. Mast cells play important roles in both early and late phase allergic reactions, and Syk inhibitors could potentially prevent both phases.
In the first quarter of 2005, we announced a collaborative research and license agreement with Pfizer, Inc., or Pfizer, for the development of inhaled products for the treatment of allergic asthma and other respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The collaboration was focused on our pre-clinical small molecule compounds which inhibit Syk. The collaboration is now centered on the development of R343. Pfizer has completed the Phase 1a clinical trial of an inhaled formulation of R343, which commenced in December 2007, resulting in a milestone payment of $5.0 million to us. Pfizer initiated a Phase 1b allergen challenge clinical trial in the second quarter of 2009. We expect that Pfizer will initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial in 2010.
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Corporate Collaborations
We conduct research and development programs independently and in connection with our corporate collaborators. We currently have collaborations with six major pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies. These collaborations are:
None of these collaborations currently provides us with regular research reimbursement, and we have not derived any revenues from any of these collaborations since 2007. In all of these collaborations, if certain conditions are met, we are entitled to receive future milestone payments and royalties. We cannot guarantee that these conditions will be met or that research and development efforts will be successful. As a result, we may not receive any further milestone payments or royalties under these agreements.
Our Strategy
Our research team is focused on creating a portfolio of product candidates that can be developed into small molecule therapeutics for our own proprietary programs, as well as with potential collaborative partners. We recognize that the product development process is subject to both high costs and a high risk of failure. We believe that identifying a variety of product candidates and working in conjunction with other pharmaceutical companies may minimize the risk of failure, fill the product pipeline gap at major pharmaceutical companies and, ultimately, increase the likelihood of advancing clinical development and commercial success.
The key elements to our scientific and business strategy are to:
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in June 1996. Our principal executive office is located at 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, and our telephone number is (650) 624-1100. Our website address is www.rigel.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus and should not be considered a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
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Common stock we are offering |
6,000,000 shares | |
Common stock outstanding immediately following this offering |
42,808,628 shares |
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Over-allotment option |
900,000 shares |
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Risk Factors |
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk factors" beginning on page S-9. |
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Use of proceeds |
We anticipate using the net proceeds to us from the sale of the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for research and development and general corporate purposes. See "Use of Proceeds" on page S-26. |
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NASDAQ Global Market symbol |
RIGL |
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering as shown above is based on 36,808,628 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2009. This number excludes, as of June 30, 2009:
Unless otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus supplement assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares of our common stock.
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The table below presents summary statements of operations and balance sheet data. The summary financial data for the years ended December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2008 are derived from our audited financial statements for those periods. We derived the summary financial data as of June 30, 2009 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 from our unaudited financial statements. The unaudited financial statement data includes, in our opinion, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations for these periods. This information is only a summary. You should read this data in conjunction with our historical financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our annual report, quarterly reports and other information on file with the SEC that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. For more details on how you can obtain our SEC reports and other information, you should read the section of this prospectus supplement entitled "Where You Can Find More Information." Our results of operations are for historical periods and are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future periods. The as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to the sale by us of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share (the closing price of our common stock on September 15, 2009), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of $350,000 payable by us.
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Fiscal year ended December 31, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||
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(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
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(unaudited) |
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Statements of operations data: |
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Contract revenues from collaborations |
$ | 33,473 | $ | 12,600 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Costs and expenses: |
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Research and development |
56,968 | 70,364 | 109,670 | 50,036 | 49,486 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,552 | 21,763 | 27,044 | 13,986 | 9,653 | ||||||||||||
Restructuring charges |
| | | | 1,141 | ||||||||||||
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76,520 | 92,127 | 136,714 | 64,022 | 60,280 | ||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(43,047 | ) | (79,527 | ) | (136,714 | ) | (64,022 | ) | (60,280 | ) | |||||||
Interest income |
5,700 | 5,476 | 4,439 | 2,819 | 506 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(290 | ) | (221 | ) | (160 | ) | (88 | ) | (122 | ) | |||||||
Loss before income taxes |
(37,637 | ) | (74,272 | ) | (132,435 | ) | (61,291 | ) | (59,896 | ) | |||||||
Income tax benefit |
| | 89 | | 93 | ||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (37,637 | ) | $ | (74,272 | ) | $ | (132,346 | ) | $ | (61,291 | ) | $ | (59,803 | ) | ||
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
$ | (1.51 | ) | $ | (2.57 | ) | $ | (3.67 | ) | $ | (1.73 | ) | $ | (1.63 | ) | ||
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted |
24,936 | 28,936 | 36,025 | 35,461 | 36,701 | ||||||||||||
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As of June 30, 2009 | ||||||
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Actual | As adjusted(1) | |||||
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(in thousands) (unaudited) |
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Balance sheet data: |
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Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities |
$ | 79,945 | $ | 122,515 | |||
Working capital |
63,052 | 105,622 | |||||
Total assets |
88,223 | 130,793 | |||||
Long-term liabilities |
17,141 | 17,141 | |||||
Accumulated deficit |
(561,580 | ) | (561,580 | ) | |||
Total stockholders' equity |
51,555 | 94,125 |
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An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our common stock, you should consider carefully the following risks together with other information in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the information and documents incorporated by reference, and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also harm our business.
We will need additional capital in the future to sufficiently fund our operations and research.
We have consumed substantial amounts of capital to date, and our operating expenditures are expected to increase over the next several years as we continue our research and development activities, including preclinical studies and clinical trials.
We believe that the net proceeds of this offering, together with our existing capital resources, will be sufficient to support our current and projected funding requirements through at least the next 12 months. This estimate does not include any costs that we may incur in connection with a potential Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating R788 in rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, patients, nor does this estimate include any potential payments that we may receive in connection with a potential collaboration covering the development of R788 for the treatment of RA. In addition, we have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of our product candidates and other research and development activities, including risks and uncertainties that could impact the rate of progress of our development activities, we are unable to estimate with certainty the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials and other research and development activities.
For the foreseeable future, our operations will require significant additional funding, in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical-testing costs, and the absence of any revenues from product sales. The amount of future funds needed will depend largely on the timing and structure of potential future collaborations, including, in particular, with respect to R788. We anticipate that we will enter into a collaboration agreement with respect to R788 in the first half of 2010, but we may not be able to do so on acceptable terms, or at all. Unless and until we are able to generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, we expect to finance future cash needs through public and/or private offerings of equity securities, debt financings or collaboration and licensing arrangements, as well as through interest income earned on the investment of our cash balances and short-term investments. With the exception of milestone and royalty payments that we may receive under our existing collaborations, we do not currently have any commitments for future funding. Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. These events have generally made equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain. As a result of these and other factors, we do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will obtain financing on reasonable terms.
To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders could at that time experience substantial dilution. Any debt financing that we are able to obtain may involve operating covenants that restrict our business. To the extent that we raise additional funds through any new collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
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Our future funding requirements will depend on many uncertain factors.
Our future funding requirements will depend upon many factors, including, but not limited to:
Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose or may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern.
Our success as a company is uncertain due to our history of operating losses and the uncertainty of future profitability.
Due in large part to the significant research and development expenditures required to identify and validate new product candidates and pursue our development efforts, we have not been profitable and have incurred operating losses each year since we were incorporated in June 1996. The extent of our future losses and the timing of potential profitability are highly uncertain, and we may never achieve profitable operations. We incurred net losses of approximately $59.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, $132.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $74.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Currently, our only potential source of revenues is research and development milestone and royalty payments pursuant to our collaboration arrangements. We have not derived any revenues from these sources since 2007, and do not know whether we will recognize any additional revenues from our existing collaboration arrangements. Any future revenues that we receive may be insufficient to generate profitable operations. As of June 30, 2009, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $561.6 million. We expect to incur losses for at least the next several years and expect that these losses could increase as we expand our research and development activities and incur significant clinical and testing costs.
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There is a high risk that drug discovery and development efforts might not successfully generate good product candidates.
At the present time, the majority of our operations are in various stages of drug identification and development. We currently have four product compounds in the clinical testing stage: one with indications for RA, immune thombocytopenic purpura, or ITP, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, and certain solid tumors, which is proprietary to our company; one which has completed Phase 1 safety testing and is intended for psoriasis and possible topical applications, which is proprietary to our company; one with six indications for oncology, which is subject to a collaboration agreement with Merck Serono S.A., or Merck Serono; and one in Phase 1b testing and intended for allergic asthma, which is subject to a collaboration agreement with Pfizer, Inc., or Pfizer. In our industry, it is statistically unlikely that the limited number of compounds that we have identified as potential product candidates will actually lead to successful product development efforts, and we do not expect any drugs resulting from our research to be commercially available for several years, if at all.
Our compounds in clinical trials and our future leads for potential drug compounds are subject to the risks and failures inherent in the development of pharmaceutical products. These risks include, but are not limited to, the inherent difficulty in selecting the right drug and drug target and avoiding unwanted side effects as well as unanticipated problems relating to product development, testing, obtaining regulatory approvals, maintaining regulatory compliance, manufacturing, competition and costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. For example, in our recently completed TASKi2 and TASKi3, two Phase 2b clinical trials for R788 in RA, the most common clinically meaningful drug-related adverse events noted were diarrhea and hypertension. In both of our TASKi2 and TASKi3 Phase 2b clinical trials, a meaningfully higher percentage of the patients in the R788 treatment groups had blood pressure medication adjusted or initiated during the course of the clinical trials as compared to the placebo group. In larger future clinical trials, we may discover additional side effects and/or higher frequency of side effects than those observed in completed clinical trials. If approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, the side effect profile of R788 may also result in a narrowly approved indication for use of the product, especially in light of other drugs currently available to treat RA, dependent on the safety profile of R788 relative to those drugs.
The results of preliminary and mid-stage studies do not necessarily predict clinical or commercial success, and larger later-stage clinical trials may fail to confirm the results observed in the previous studies. Similarly, a clinical trial may show that a product candidate is safe and effective for a certain patient population in a particular indication, but other clinical trials may fail to confirm those results in a subset of that population or in different patient population, which may limit the potential market for that product candidate. For example, R788 produced significant clinical improvement in RA patients who had failed to respond to methotrexate alone in our TASKi2 Phase 2b clinical trial, but our TASKi3 Phase 2b clinical trial failed to meet its efficacy endpoints in RA patients who had failed to respond to at least one biologic treatment. In addition, if we were to repeat either of the TASKi2 and TASKi3 Phase 2b clinical trials, any such additional trials may not confirm the results observed in the original trials. As an additional example, our Phase 2 clinical trial for ITP was conducted in highly refractory patients, as opposed to treatment-naive patients. If efficacy is not demonstrated among treatment-naive patients, any approved indication for ITP will be limited to a subset of the patient population. Furthermore, we plan to continue to conduct corporate partnership discussions with respect to R788. If we are able to enter into a collaboration for R788 and initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating R788 in RA, the Phase 3 clinical trial may not show R788 to be safe and effective for the treatment of RA patients. Finally, with respect to our own compounds in development, we have established anticipated timelines with respect to the initiation or completion of clinical studies based on existing knowledge of the compound. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will meet any of these timelines for clinical development.
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Because of the uncertainty of whether the accumulated preclinical evidence (pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety and/or other factors) or early clinical results will be observed in later clinical trials, we can make no assurances regarding the likely results from our future clinical trials or the impact of those results on our business.
We might not be able to commercialize our product candidates successfully if problems arise in the clinical testing and approval process.
Commercialization of our product candidates depends upon successful completion of extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy for humans. Preclinical testing and clinical development are long, expensive and uncertain processes.
In connection with clinical trials of our product candidates, we face the risks that:
We do not know whether we, or any of our collaborative partners, will be permitted to undertake clinical trials of potential products beyond the trials already concluded and the trials currently in process. It will take us or our collaborative partners several years to complete any such testing, and failure can occur at any stage of testing. Interim results of trials do not necessarily predict final results, and acceptable results in early trials may not be repeated in later trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after achieving promising results in earlier trials. Moreover, we or our collaborative partners or regulators may decide to discontinue development of any or all of these projects at any time for commercial, scientific or other reasons.
Delays in clinical testing could result in increased costs to us.
Significant delays in clinical testing could materially impact our product development costs and timing. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, will need to be halted or redesigned or will be completed on schedule, or at all. For example, we do not expect to initiate Phase 3 clinical trials for R788 in RA prior to entering into a collaboration agreement with a third party for R788. Accordingly, the timing of Phase 3 clinical trials for R788 in RA is dependent on our ability to enter into such a collaboration agreement, and, if entered into, the terms of such collaboration agreement, including those governing the design of the clinical trial, as well as the amount and timing of resources that a collaborative partner devotes to R788. In addition, clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a study, delays from scaling up of a study, delays in reaching agreement on acceptable clinical study agreement terms with prospective clinical sites, delays in obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a study at a prospective clinical site or delays in recruiting subjects to participate in a study.
In addition, we typically rely on third-party clinical investigators to conduct our clinical trials and other third-party organizations to oversee the operations of such trials and to perform data collection and analysis. The clinical investigators are not our employees, and we cannot control the amount or
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timing of resources that they devote to our programs. Failure of the third-party organizations to meet their obligations could adversely affect clinical development of our products. As a result, we may face additional delaying factors outside our control if these parties do not perform their obligations in a timely fashion. While we have not yet experienced delays that have materially impacted our clinical trials or product development costs, delays of this sort could occur for the reasons identified above or other reasons. If we have delays in testing or obtaining regulatory approvals, our product development costs will increase. For example, we may need to make additional payments to third-party investigators and organizations to retain their services or we may need to pay recruitment incentives. If the delays are significant, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to become profitable will be delayed. Moreover, these third-party investigators and organizations may also have relationships with other commercial entities, some of which may compete with us. If these third-party investigators and organizations assist our competitors at our expense, it could harm our competitive position.
We lack the capability to manufacture compounds for development and rely on third parties to manufacture our product candidates, and we may be unable to obtain required material in a timely manner, at an acceptable cost or at a quality level required to receive regulatory approval.
We currently do not have the manufacturing capabilities or experience necessary to produce our product candidates for clinical testing, including R788. For each clinical trial of our unpartnered product candidates, we rely on a sole manufacturer for the active pharmaceutical ingredients, as well as various manufacturers to manufacture starting components, excipients and formulated drug products. We rely on manufacturers to produce and deliver all of the materials required for our clinical trials, and many of our preclinical efforts, on a timely basis and to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP. In addition, we rely on our suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of materials produced under cGMP conditions to enable us to conduct planned preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Our current and anticipated future dependence upon these third-party manufacturers may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize product candidates on a timely and competitive basis. These manufacturers may not be able to produce material on a timely basis or manufacture material at the quality level or in the quantity required to meet our development timelines and applicable regulatory requirements and may also experience a shortage in qualified personnel. We may not be able to maintain or renew our existing third-party manufacturing arrangements, or enter into new arrangements, on acceptable terms, or at all. Our third-party manufacturers could terminate or decline to renew our manufacturing arrangements based on their own business priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. If we are unable to contract for the production of materials in sufficient quantity and of sufficient quality on acceptable terms, our planned clinical trials may be significantly delayed. Manufacturing delays could postpone the filing of our investigational new drug, or IND, applications and/or the initiation of clinical trials that we have currently planned.
Drug manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and other federal and state agencies to ensure strict compliance with cGMP and other government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over third-party manufacturers' compliance with these regulations and standards and they may not be able to comply. Switching manufacturers may be difficult because the number of potential manufacturers is limited. It may be difficult or impossible for us to find a replacement manufacturer quickly on acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, if we are required to enter into new supply arrangements, we may not be able to obtain approval from the FDA of any alternate supplier in a timely manner, or at all, which could delay or prevent the clinical development and commercialization of any related product candidates. Failure of our third-party manufacturers or us to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, civil penalties, delays in or failure to grant marketing approval of our product candidates, injunctions, delays,
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suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products and compounds, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly and adversely affect our business.
Because we expect to be dependent upon collaborative and license agreements, we might not meet our strategic objectives.
Our ability to generate revenue in the near term depends on our ability to enter into additional collaborative agreements with third parties, including in particular with respect to R788, and to maintain the agreements we currently have in place. Our ability to enter into new collaborations and the revenue, if any, that may be recognized under these collaborations is highly uncertain. If we are unable to enter into one or more new collaborations, our business prospects could be harmed, which could have an immediate adverse effect on our ability to continue to develop our compounds, including R788, and on the trading price of our stock. Our ability to enter into a collaboration may be dependent on many factors, such as the results of our clinical trials, competitive factors and the fit of one of our programs with another company's risk tolerance, including toward regulatory issues, patent portfolio, clinical pipeline, the stage of the available data, particularly if it is early, overall corporate goals and financial position.
To date, most of our revenues have been related to the research phase of each of our collaborative agreements. Such revenues are for specified periods, and the impact of such revenues on our results of operations is partially offset by corresponding research costs. Following the completion of the research phase of each collaborative agreement, additional revenues may come only from milestone payments and royalties, which may not be paid, if at all, until some time well into the future. This risk is heightened due to the fact that unsuccessful research efforts may preclude us from receiving any milestone payments under these agreements. Our receipt of revenues from collaborative arrangements is also significantly affected by the timing of efforts expended by us and our collaborators and the timing of lead compound identification. We have received milestone payments from our collaborations with Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., a division of Johnson & Johnson, Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, Daiichi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., or Daiichi, Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, Merck Serono and Pfizer. Under many agreements, however, milestone payments may not be earned until the collaborator has advanced product candidates into clinical testing, which may never occur or may not occur until some time well into the future. For example, we have not received any milestone payments from our collaborators since 2007. If we are not able to generate revenue under our collaborations when and in accordance with our expectations or the expectations of industry analysts, this failure could harm our business and have an immediate adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.
Our business requires us to generate meaningful revenue from royalties and licensing agreements. To date, we have not received any revenue from royalties for the commercial sale of drugs, and we do not know when we will receive any such revenue, if at all. Likewise, other than in connection with our collaborations, we have not licensed any lead compounds or drug development candidates to third parties, and we do not know whether any such license will be entered into on acceptable terms in the future, if at all.
If our corporate collaborations or license agreements are unsuccessful, our research and development efforts could be delayed.
Our strategy depends upon the formation and sustainability of multiple collaborative arrangements and license agreements with third parties in the future. We rely on these arrangements for not only financial resources, but also for expertise that we expect to need in the future relating to clinical trials, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and for licenses to technology rights. To date, we have entered into several such arrangements with corporate collaborators; however, we do not know if these collaborations or additional third parties with which we collaborate, if any, will dedicate sufficient
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resources or if any development or commercialization efforts by third parties will be successful. Should a collaborative partner fail to develop or commercialize a compound or product to which it has rights from us for any reason, including corporate restructuring, such failure might delay our ongoing research and development efforts, because we might not receive any future milestone payments, and we would not receive any royalties associated with such compound or product. In addition, the continuation of some of our partnered drug discovery and development programs may be dependent on the periodic renewal of our corporate collaborations.
The research phase of our collaboration with Johnson & Johnson ended in 2003, and the research phases conducted at our facilities under our broad collaboration with Novartis ended in 2004. The research phase of our collaboration agreement with Daiichi ended in 2005. In 2004, we signed a new collaboration agreement with Merck, and the research phase of this collaboration ended in May 2007. In 2005, we signed a new collaboration agreement with Pfizer, and the research phase of this collaboration ended in February 2007. Our collaboration agreement with Merck Serono, entered into in 2005, does not include a research phase. Each of our collaborations could be terminated by the other party at any time, and we may not be able to renew these collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all, or negotiate additional corporate collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all. If these collaborations terminate or are not renewed, any resultant loss of revenues from these collaborations or loss of the resources and expertise of our collaborative partners could adversely affect our business.
Conflicts also might arise with collaborative partners concerning proprietary rights to particular compounds. While our existing collaborative agreements typically provide that we retain milestone payments and royalty rights with respect to drugs developed from certain derivative compounds, any such payments or royalty rights may be at reduced rates, and disputes may arise over the application of derivative payment provisions to such drugs, and we may not be successful in such disputes.
We are also a party to various license agreements that give us rights to use specified technologies in our research and development processes. The agreements pursuant to which we have in-licensed technology permit our licensors to terminate the agreements under certain circumstances. If we are not able to continue to license these and future technologies on commercially reasonable terms, our product development and research may be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.
If conflicts arise between our collaborators or advisors and us, any of them may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our stockholders' interests.
If conflicts arise between us and our corporate collaborators or scientific advisors, the other party may act in its self-interest and not in the interest of our stockholders. Some of our corporate collaborators are conducting multiple product development efforts within each disease area that is the subject of the collaboration with us or may be acquired or merged with a company having a competing program. In some of our collaborations, we have agreed not to conduct, independently or with any third party, any research that is competitive with the research conducted under our collaborations. Our collaborators, however, may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the subject of these collaborations. Competing products, either developed by our collaborators or to which our collaborators have rights, may result in their withdrawal of support for our product candidates.
If any of our corporate collaborators were to breach or terminate its agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct the collaborative activities successfully and in a timely manner, the preclinical or clinical development or commercialization of the affected product candidates or research programs could be delayed or terminated. We generally do not control the amount and timing of resources that our corporate collaborators devote to our programs or potential products. We do not know whether current or future collaborative partners, if any, might pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, as a means for developing treatments for the diseases targeted by collaborative arrangements with us.
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Our success is dependent on intellectual property rights held by us and third parties, and our interest in such rights is complex and uncertain.
Our success will depend to a large part on our own, our licensees' and our licensors' ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the application of such technologies. We have over 115 pending patent applications and over 155 issued patents in the United States as well as numerous pending corresponding foreign patent applications. In the future, our patent position might be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. For example, we may be involved in interferences before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Interferences are complex and expensive legal proceedings and there is no assurance we will be successful in any such proceedings. An interference could result in our losing our patent rights and/or our freedom to operate and/or require us to pay significant royalties. Additional uncertainty may result because no consistent policy regarding the breadth of legal claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims allowed in our or other companies' patents.
Because the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, we cannot ensure that:
We rely on trade secrets to protect technology where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable; however, trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we require employees, collaborators and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements, we may not be able to adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure or the lawful development by others of such information.
We are a party to certain in-license agreements that are important to our business, and we generally do not control the prosecution of in-licensed technology. Accordingly, we are unable to exercise the same degree of control over this intellectual property as we exercise over our internally-developed technology. Moreover, some of our academic institution licensors, research collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and information in which we have rights. If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information may otherwise be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we have licensed relies on patented inventions developed using U.S. government resources. The U.S. government retains certain rights, as defined by law, in such patents, and may choose to exercise such rights. Certain of our in-licenses may be terminated if we fail to meet specified obligations. If we fail to meet such obligations and any of our licensors exercise their termination rights, we could lose our rights under those agreements. If we lose any of our rights, it may adversely affect the way we conduct our business. In addition, because certain of our licenses are sublicenses, the actions of our licensors may affect our rights under those licenses.
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If a dispute arises regarding the infringement or misappropriation of the proprietary rights of others, such dispute could be costly and result in delays in our research and development activities and partnering.
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to operate without infringing or misappropriating the proprietary rights of others. There are many issued patents and patent applications filed by third parties relating to products or processes that are similar or identical to our licensors' or ours, and others may be filed in the future. There can be no assurance that our activities, or those of our licensors, will not infringe patents owned by others. We believe that there may be significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights, and we do not know if our collaborators or we would be successful in any such litigation. Any legal action against our collaborators or us claiming damages or seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to the affected products, our methods or processes could:
The restructuring of our research programs could result in management distractions, operational disruptions and other difficulties.
In February 2009, we announced that we cut our research programs in virology and oncology, as well as terminated certain related development and administrative staff, which resulted in the dismissal of 36 employees, or approximately 20% of our workforce. Employees whose positions were eliminated in connection with this reduction may seek future employment with our competitors. Although all employees are required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of hire, we cannot assure you that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment. Any additional restructuring efforts could divert the attention of our management away from our operations, harm our reputation and increase our expenses. We cannot assure you that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities, that any of our restructuring efforts will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our previous or future restructuring plans. In addition, if we reduce our workforce further in the future, it may adversely impact our ability to continue to develop our product candidates.
If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval to market products in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, we will not be permitted to commercialize products from our research and development.
Due, in part, to the early stage of our product candidate research and development process, we cannot predict whether regulatory clearance will be obtained for any product that we, or our collaborative partners, hope to develop. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements typically takes many years, is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Of particular significance to us are the requirements relating to research and development and testing.
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Before commencing clinical trials in humans in the United States, we, or our collaborative partners, will need to submit and receive approval from the FDA of an IND. Clinical trials are subject to oversight by institutional review boards and the FDA and:
While we have stated that we intend to file additional INDs, this is only a statement of intent, and we may not be able to do so because we may not be able to identify potential product candidates. In addition, the FDA may not approve any IND in a timely manner, or at all.
Before receiving FDA approval to market a product, we must demonstrate with substantial clinical evidence that the product is safe and effective in the patient population and the indication that will be treated. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approvals. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy during the period of product development, clinical trials and FDA regulatory review. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or injunction, adverse publicity, as well as other regulatory action against our potential products or us. Additionally, we have limited experience in conducting and managing the clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval.
If regulatory approval of a product is granted, this approval will be limited to those indications or disease states and conditions for which the product is demonstrated through clinical trials to be safe and efficacious. We cannot ensure that any compound developed by us, alone or with others, will prove to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials and will meet all of the applicable regulatory requirements needed to receive marketing approval.
Outside the United States, our ability, or that of our collaborative partners, to market a product is contingent upon receiving a marketing authorization from the appropriate regulatory authorities. This foreign regulatory approval process typically includes all of the risks and costs associated with FDA approval described above and may also include additional risks and costs.
If our competitors develop technologies that are more effective than ours, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Many of the drugs that we are attempting to discover will be competing with existing therapies. In addition, a number of companies are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions that we are targeting. We face, and will continue to face, intense competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as from academic and research institutions and government agencies, both in the United States and abroad. Some of these competitors are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the
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same diseases and conditions as our research programs. Our major competitors include fully integrated pharmaceutical companies that have extensive drug discovery efforts and are developing novel small molecule pharmaceuticals. We also face significant competition from organizations that are pursuing the same or similar technologies, including the discovery of targets that are useful in compound screening, as the technologies used by us in our drug discovery efforts.
Competition may also arise from:
Our competitors or their collaborative partners may utilize discovery technologies and techniques or partner with collaborators in order to develop products more rapidly or successfully than we or our collaborators are able to do. Many of our competitors, particularly large pharmaceutical companies, have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources and larger research and development staffs than we do. In addition, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.
We believe that our ability to compete is dependent, in part, upon our ability to create, maintain and license scientifically-advanced technology and upon our and our collaborators' ability to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products based on this technology, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent protection or otherwise develop proprietary technology or processes and secure sufficient capital resources for the expected substantial time period between technological conception and commercial sales of products based upon our technology. The failure by any of our collaborators or us in any of those areas may prevent the successful commercialization of our potential drug targets.
Many of our competitors, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, have significantly greater experience than we do in:
Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection, identifying or validating new targets or discovering new drug compounds before we do.
Our competitors might develop technologies and drugs that are more effective or less costly than any that are being developed by us or that would render our technology and product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive. In addition, our competitors may succeed in obtaining the approval of the FDA or other regulatory agencies for product candidates more rapidly. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before their competitors may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain patent and FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with
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competitors' existing or future products or obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere.
We face and will continue to face intense competition from other companies for collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, for establishing relationships with academic and research institutions and for licenses to additional technologies. These competitors, either alone or with their collaborative partners, may succeed in developing technologies or products that are more effective than ours.
Our ability to generate revenues will be diminished if our collaborative partners fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for products from third-party payors or government agencies.
The drugs we hope to develop may be rejected by the marketplace due to many factors, including cost. Our ability to commercially exploit a drug may be limited due to the continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means. For example, in some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to implement similar government control. In addition, increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will likely continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that any of our collaborators would receive for any products in the future. Further, cost control initiatives could adversely affect our collaborators' ability to commercialize our products and our ability to realize royalties from this commercialization.
Our ability to commercialize pharmaceutical products with collaborators may depend, in part, on the extent to which reimbursement for the products will be available from:
Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly-approved healthcare products. Third-party payors, including Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Government and other third-party payors increasingly are attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any products we discover and develop, alone or with collaborators. If government and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for our products, the market acceptance of these products may be reduced.
If product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products.
The testing and marketing of medical products entail an inherent risk of product liability. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. We carry product liability insurance that is limited in scope and amount and may not be adequate to fully protect us against product liability claims. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with corporate collaborators. We, or our corporate collaborators, might not be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. While under various
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circumstances we are entitled to be indemnified against losses by our corporate collaborators, indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claim arise.
Our research and development efforts will be seriously jeopardized, if we are unable to attract and retain key employees and relationships.
As a small company, our success depends on the continued contributions of our principal management and scientific personnel and on our ability to develop and maintain important relationships with leading academic institutions, scientists and companies in the face of intense competition for such personnel. In particular, our research programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled chemists, other scientists, and development, regulatory and clinical personnel. If we lose the services of any of our key personnel, our research and development efforts could be seriously and adversely affected. Our employees can terminate their employment with us at any time.
We depend on various scientific consultants and advisors for the success and continuation of our research and development efforts.
We work extensively with various scientific consultants and advisors. The potential success of our drug discovery and development programs depends, in part, on continued collaborations with certain of these consultants and advisors. We, and various members of our management and research staff, rely on certain of these consultants and advisors for expertise in our research, regulatory and clinical efforts. Our scientific advisors are not our employees and may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability to us. We do not know if we will be able to maintain such consulting agreements or that such scientific advisors will not enter into consulting arrangements, exclusive or otherwise, with competing pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, any of which would have a detrimental impact on our research objectives and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we use biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes injury or violates laws, we may be liable for damages.
Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially harmful biological materials as well as hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages that result, and such liability could exceed our resources. We are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. The cost of compliance with, or any potential violation of, these laws and regulations could be significant.
Our facilities are located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other catastrophic disaster could cause damage to our facilities and equipment, which could require us to cease or curtail operations.
Our facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area near known earthquake fault zones and are vulnerable to significant damage from earthquakes. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fires, floods, power loss, communications failures and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business at our facilities would be seriously, or potentially completely, impaired, and our research could be lost or destroyed. In addition, the unique nature of our research activities and of much of our equipment could make it difficult for us to recover from a disaster. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.
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Future interest income and value of our investments may be impacted by further declines in interest rates and the broader effects of the recent turmoil in the global credit markets.
Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval. As a result of this turmoil, the interest paid on certain of our investments may decrease and the value of certain securities we hold may decline in the future, which could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and reported earnings.
We have been named a defendant in a purported securities class action lawsuit. This, and potential similar or related litigation, could result in substantial damages and may divert management's time and attention from our business.
On February 6, 2009, a purported securities class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, naming as defendants us, certain of our officers and directors, and the underwriters for our February 2008 stock offering. An additional purported securities class action lawsuit containing similar allegations was subsequently filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on February 20, 2009. By order of the Court dated March 19, 2009, the two lawsuits were consolidated into a single action. On June 9, 2009, the Court issued an order naming the Inter-Local Pension Fund GCC/IBT as lead plaintiff. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on July 24, 2009. The lawsuit alleges violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with allegedly false and misleading statements made by us related to the results of the Phase 2a clinical trial of our product candidate R788. The plaintiff seeks damages, including rescission or rescissory damages for purchasers in the stock offering, an award of its costs and injunctive and/or equitable relief for purchasers of our common stock during the period between December 13, 2007 and February 3, 2009, including purchasers in the February 2008 stock offering. We filed a motion to dismiss these claims on September 8, 2009, and a hearing on that motion is set for December 4, 2009. It is possible that additional suits will be filed with respect to these same matters and also naming us and/or our officers and directors as defendants. If any such additional suits are filed in the same court, we believe that they would be consolidated into the consolidated action.
We believe that we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend the lawsuit vigorously. This lawsuit and any other related lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual costs to be incurred relating to the lawsuit will depend upon many unknown factors. The outcome of the litigation is necessarily uncertain, we could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of this suit and we may not prevail. Monitoring and defending against legal actions is time-consuming for our management and detracts from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with the litigation. We are not currently able to estimate the possible cost to us from this matter, as this lawsuit is currently at an early stage and we cannot be certain how long it may take to resolve this matter or the possible amount of any damages that we may be required to pay. We have not established any reserves for any potential liability relating to this lawsuit. It is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages. A decision adverse to our interests on this action could result in the payment of substantial damages, or possibly fines, and could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations and financial position. In addition, the uncertainty of the currently pending litigation could lead to increased volatility in our stock price.
Our stock price may be volatile, and your investment in our stock could decline in value.
The market prices for our common stock and the securities of other biotechnology companies have been highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. The following factors, in
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addition to other risk factors described in this section, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:
Future equity issuances or a sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Because we may need to raise additional capital in the future to continue to expand our business and our research and development activities, among other things, we may conduct additional equity offerings. If we or our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued upon the exercise of options and warrants) in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. A decline in the market price of our common stock could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, delay the development of our product candidates and cause the price of our common stock to decline.
If you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of your investment.
Purchasers of common stock in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the per share book value of our tangible assets after subtracting our liabilities. Accordingly, assuming
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that we sell 6,000,000 shares at an assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share (the closing price of our common stock on September 15, 2009), you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of $5.41 per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2009 after giving effect to this offering and the assumed public offering price. See "Dilution."
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult.
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These provisions:
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which imposes certain restrictions relating to transactions with major stockholders, may discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included or incorporated herein regarding our strategies, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, plans, prospects and objectives are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "will," "would" and similar expressions. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks, uncertainties and other factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or developments occurring after the date of this prospectus supplement, even if new information becomes available in the future.
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We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the 6,000,000 shares of common stock that we are offering will be approximately $42.6 million, or approximately $49.0 million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase 900,000 additional shares of common stock, based on the assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share (the closing price of our common stock on September 15, 2009) and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $5.6 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, remains the same. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. Each increase (decrease) of 500,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $3.6 million, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We intend to use the net proceeds to us from the sale of the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for research and development and general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies that are complementary to our own, although we currently are not planning or negotiating any such transactions. Pending these uses, we intend to invest our net proceeds from this offering primarily in investment grade, interest-bearing instruments. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds we will have upon completion of the offering. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds.
PRICE RANGE OF OUR COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "RIGL." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low intraday sales prices of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market:
Year ended December 31, 2007
|
High | Low | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First Quarter |
$ | 12.14 | $ | 9.31 | |||
Second Quarter |
12.46 | 8.75 | |||||
Third Quarter |
10.25 | 7.50 | |||||
Fourth Quarter |
31.00 | 6.64 |
Year ended December 31, 2008
|
High | Low | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First Quarter |
$ | 29.25 | $ | 14.94 | |||
Second Quarter |
24.45 | 17.36 | |||||
Third Quarter |
27.18 | 21.03 | |||||
Fourth Quarter |
23.61 | 4.76 |
Year ending December 31, 2009
|
High | Low | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First Quarter |
$ | 8.85 | $ | 4.19 | |||
Second Quarter |
13.32 | 5.39 | |||||
Third Quarter (through September 15, 2009) |
14.75 | 6.58 |
As of September 15, 2009, there were 126 holders of record of our common stock. On September 15, 2009, the last sale price reported on the NASDAQ Global Market for our common stock was $7.61 per share.
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities and our capitalization as of June 30, 2009:
This table should be read with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our financial statements and notes thereto incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
|
As of June 30, 2009 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | As adjusted(1) | ||||||||
|
(in thousands, except share data) (unaudited) |
|||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities |
$ | 79,945 | $ | 122,515 | ||||||
Long-term liabilities |
$ | 17,141 | $ | 17,141 | ||||||
Stockholders' equity: |
||||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted |
| | ||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 36,808,628 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 42,808,628 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
37 | 43 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
613,052 | 655,616 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
46 | 46 | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(561,580 | ) | (561,580 | ) | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity |
51,555 | 94,125 | ||||||||
Total capitalization |
$ | 68,696 | $ | 111,266 | ||||||
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The number of shares shown as issued and outstanding in the table above excludes, as of June 30, 2009:
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Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2009 was $51.6 million, or $1.40 per share. Net tangible book value per share represents total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Dilution in net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after this offering.
After giving effect to our sale of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share (the closing price of our common stock on September 15, 2009) and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2009 would have been $94.1 million, or $2.20 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.80 per share to existing stockholders and immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $5.41 per share to investors purchasing our common stock in this offering at the assumed public offering price. The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:
Assumed public offering price per share |
$ | 7.61 | ||||||
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2009 |
$ | 1.40 | ||||||
Increase per share attributable to investors in this offering |
0.80 | |||||||
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering |
2.20 | |||||||
Dilution per share to investors in this offering |
$ | 5.41 | ||||||
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $7.61 per share would increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by approximately $5.6 million, or $0.13 per share, and the dilution per share to new investors by $0.87 per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase of 500,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by approximately $3.6 million, or $0.06 per share, and the dilution per share to new investors would be $5.35 per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, a decrease of 500,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by approximately $3.6 million, or $0.06 per share, and the dilution per share to investors in this offering would be $5.47 per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase 900,000 additional shares of common stock at the assumed offering price of $7.61 per share, the as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering would be $2.30 per share, representing an increase in net tangible book value of $0.90 per share to existing stockholders and immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $5.31 per share to investors purchasing our common stock in this offering at the assumed public offering price.
The above discussion and table are based on 36,808,628 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2009. This number excludes, as of June 30, 2009:
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES FOR CERTAIN
NON-U.S. HOLDERS
The following summary describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common stock acquired in this offering by certain Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxes and does not deal with foreign, state and local tax consequences that may be relevant to Non-U.S. Holders in light of their particular circumstances. Special rules may apply to certain Non-U.S. Holders that are subject to special treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, broker-dealers and traders in securities, U.S. expatriates, "controlled foreign corporations," "passive foreign investment companies," corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, persons that hold our common stock as part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion transaction," "synthetic security" or integrated investment, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors in such pass-through entities, and persons that own, or have owned, actually or constructively, more than five percent of our common stock. Such Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and other tax consequences that may be relevant to them. Furthermore, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Code, and Treasury regulations, rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof, and such authorities may be repealed, revoked or modified, perhaps retroactively, so as to result in U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences different from those discussed below. This discussion assumes that the Non-U.S. Holder holds our common stock as a capital asset (generally, properly held for investment within the meaning of Code Section 1221).
The following discussion is for general information only and is not tax advice. Persons considering the purchase of common stock pursuant to this offering should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences in light of their particular situations as well as any consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction, including any state, local or foreign tax consequences.
For the purposes of this discussion, a "Non-U.S. Holder" is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a beneficial holder of common stock that is not a U.S. Holder. A "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial holder of common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if it (x) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
Distributions
Subject to the discussion below, distributions, if any, made on our common stock to a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) generally will constitute dividends for U.S. tax purposes. The gross amount of such dividends will be subject to withholding tax at a 30 percent rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. To obtain a reduced rate of withholding under a treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will be required to provide us with a properly-executed IRS Form W-8BEN, or other appropriate form, certifying the Non-U.S. Holder's entitlement to benefits under that treaty. In the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is an entity, Treasury Regulations and the relevant tax treaty provide rules to determine whether, for purposes of determining the applicability of a tax treaty, dividends will be treated as paid to the entity or to those holding an interest in that entity. If a Non-U.S. Holder holds stock through a financial institution or other agent
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acting on the holder's behalf, the holder will be required to provide appropriate documentation to such agent. The holder's agent will then be required to provide certification to us or our paying agent, either directly or through other intermediaries.
We generally are not required to withhold tax on dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States if a properly-executed IRS Form W-8ECI, stating that the dividends are so connected, is provided to us. In general, effectively connected dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates, unless a specific treaty exemption applies. A corporate Non-U.S. Holder receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax," which is imposed, under certain circumstances, at a rate of 30 percent (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty) on the corporate Non-U.S. Holder's effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to certain adjustments.
To the extent distributions on our common stock, if any, exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, they will constitute a return of capital and will first reduce your basis in our common stock, but not below zero, and then will be treated as gain from the sale of stock. See "Gain on Disposition of Common Stock" below.
Gain on Disposition of Common Stock
Subject to the discussion below regarding back-up withholding, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to gain realized on a sale or other disposition of our common stock unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of such holder in the United States, (ii) in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder who is a nonresident alien individual and is present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) we are or have been a "United States real property holding corporation" within the meaning of Code Section 897(c)(2) at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding such disposition or such holder's holding period. In general, we would be a United States real property holding corporation if interests in U.S. real estate comprised at least half of our business assets. We believe that we are not, and do not anticipate becoming, a United States real property holding corporation. Even if we are treated as a United States real property holding corporation, gain realized by a Non-U.S. Holder on a disposition of our common stock will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax so long as (1) the Non-U.S. Holder owned directly, indirectly and constructively, no more than five percent of our common stock at all times within the shorter of (a) the five year period preceding the disposition or (b) the holder's holding period and (2) our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market. There can be no assurance that our common stock will continue to qualify as regularly traded on an established securities market.
If you are a Non-U.S. Holder described in (i) above, you will be required to pay tax on the net gain derived from the sale at regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates, unless a specific treaty exemption applies. In addition, corporate Non-U.S. Holders described in (i) above may be subject to the additional branch profits tax at a 30 percent rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. If you are an individual Non-U.S. Holder described in (ii) above, you will be required to pay a flat 30 percent tax on the gain derived from the sale, which tax may be offset by U.S. source capital losses (even though you are not considered a resident of the United States).
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Generally, we must report information to the IRS with respect to any dividends we pay on our stock including the amount of any such dividends, the name and address of the recipient, and the amount, if any, of tax withheld. A similar report is sent to the holder to whom any such dividends are paid. Pursuant to tax treaties or certain other agreements, the IRS may make its reports available to tax authorities in the recipient's country of residence.
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Dividends paid by us (or our paying agents) to a Non-U.S. Holder may also be subject to U.S. backup withholding. U.S. backup withholding generally will not apply to a Non-U.S. Holder who provides a properly-executed IRS Form W-8BEN. The current backup withholding rate is 28 percent.
Under current U.S. federal income tax law, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding generally will apply to the proceeds of a disposition of our common stock effected by or through a U.S. office of a broker. Generally, U.S. backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds to a Non-U.S. Holder where the transaction is effected through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker, provided that the Non-U.S. Holder satisfies certain procedural requirements. Backup withholding generally will not apply to a Non-U.S. Holder who provides a properly-executed IRS Form W-8BEN or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding may, however, apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the broker has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is, in fact, a U.S. person.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may generally be obtained, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Federal Estate Tax
An individual who at the time of death is not a citizen or resident of the United States and who is treated as the owner of, or has made certain lifetime transfers of, an interest in our common stock will be required to include the value thereof in his gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, and may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise. The test for whether an individual is a resident of the United States for federal estate tax purposes differs from the test used for United States federal income tax purposes. Some individuals, therefore, may be "Non-U.S. Holders" for United States federal income tax purposes, but not for United States federal estate tax purposes, and vice versa.
THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. IT IS NOT TAX ADVICE. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAW.
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Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated September , 2009, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters named below, for whom Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC is acting as representative, the following respective numbers of shares of common stock:
Underwriter
|
Number of Shares | ||
---|---|---|---|
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC |
|||
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. |
|||
Thomas Weisel Partners LLC |
|||
Total |
6,000,000 | ||
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all the shares of common stock in the offering if any are purchased, other than those shares covered by the over-allotment option described below. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated.
We have granted to the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase on a pro rata basis up to 900,000 additional shares from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be exercised only to cover any over-allotments of common stock.
The underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock initially at the public offering price on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to selling group members at that price less a selling concession of $ per share. The underwriters and selling group members may allow a discount of $ per share on sales to other broker/dealers. After the initial public offering, the representative may change the public offering price and concession and discount to broker/dealers.
The following table summarizes the compensation and estimated expenses we will pay:
|
Per Share | Total | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Without Over-allotment |
With Over-allotment |
Without Over-allotment |
With Over-allotment |
|||||||||
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions paid by us |
$ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Expenses payable by us |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
We have agreed that we will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act, relating to, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC for a period of 45 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, except issuances of shares of our common stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities or the exercise of warrants or options, in each case outstanding as of the date of this prospectus supplement, grants of stock options or other equity awards pursuant to the terms of a plan in effect on the date of this prospectus supplement, issuances of shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise, vesting or settlement of such options or other equity awards, issuances of shares of our common stock pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan or issuances of shares of our common stock pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan as in effect on the date of this prospectus supplement.
Our officers and directors have agreed that they will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible
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into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC for a period of 45 days after the date of this prospectus supplement.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in that respect.
Our shares of common stock are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "RIGL".
Some of the underwriters and their respective affiliates may have from time to time performed and may in the future perform various financial advisor, commercial banking and investment banking services for us in the ordinary course of business, for which they received, or will receive, customary fees.
In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions, penalty bids and passive market making in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act.
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result the price of our common stock may be higher than
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the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on the NASDAQ Global Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering and one or more of the underwriters participating in this offering may distribute prospectuses electronically. The representative may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
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Resale Restrictions
The distribution of the common stock in Canada is being made only on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that we prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of common stock are made. Any resale of the common stock in Canada must be made under applicable securities laws which will vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the common stock.
Representations of Purchasers
By purchasing common stock in Canada and accepting a purchase confirmation a purchaser is representing to us and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that:
Further details concerning the legal authority for this information is available on request.
Rights of ActionOntario Purchasers Only
Under Ontario securities legislation, certain purchasers who purchase a security offered by this prospectus supplement during the period of distribution will have a statutory right of action for damages, or while still the owner of the common stock, for rescission against us in the event that this prospectus supplement contains a misrepresentation without regard to whether the purchaser relied on the misrepresentation. The right of action for damages is exercisable not later than the earlier of 180 days from the date the purchaser first had knowledge of the facts giving rise to the cause of action and three years from the date on which payment is made for the common stock. The right of action for rescission is exercisable not later than 180 days from the date on which payment is made for the common stock. If a purchaser elects to exercise the right of action for rescission, the purchaser will have no right of action for damages against us. In no case will the amount recoverable in any action exceed the price at which the common stock was offered to the purchaser and if the purchaser is shown to have purchased the securities with knowledge of the misrepresentation, we will have no liability. In the case of an action for damages, we will not be liable for all or any portion of the damages that are proven to not represent the depreciation in value of the common stock as a result of the misrepresentation relied upon. These rights are in addition to, and without derogation from, any other rights or remedies available at law to an Ontario purchaser. The foregoing is a summary of the rights available to an Ontario purchaser. Ontario purchasers should refer to the complete text of the relevant statutory provisions.
Enforcement of Legal Rights
All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a
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judgment against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside of Canada.
Taxation and Eligibility for Investment
Canadian purchasers of common stock should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the common stock in their particular circumstances and about the eligibility of the common stock for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.
Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Palo Alto, California will pass upon the validity of the issuance of the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Certain legal matters relating to the offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation, Palo Alto, California.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, as set forth in their reports, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements and our management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's reports, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
With respect to our unaudited condensed interim financial information for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, Ernst & Young LLP reported that they have applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for a review of such information. However, their separate reports dated May 1, 2009 and August 4, 2009 included in our Quarterly Reports on Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009, respectively, and incorporated by reference herein, state that they did not audit and therefore do not express an opinion on that interim financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their reports on such information should be restricted considering the limited nature of the review procedures applied. Ernst & Young LLP is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act, for their reports on the unaudited interim financial information because those reports are not "reports" or a "part" of the registration statement prepared or certified by Ernst & Young LLP within the meaning of Sections 7 or 11 of the Securities Act.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The SEC's Internet site can be found at www.sec.gov.
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and information that we file with the SEC in the future and incorporate by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings (other than information in current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, after the date of the prospectus supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of the common stock covered by this prospectus supplement (Commission File No. 0-29889):
We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You should direct any requests for documents to Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Our telephone number is (650) 624-1100.
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PROSPECTUS
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$100,000,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
From time to time, we may sell common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants, either individually or in units, with a total value of up to $100 million. We may also offer common stock or preferred stock issuable upon conversion of debt securities, common stock issuable upon conversion of preferred stock, or common stock, preferred stock or debt securities issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and free writing prospectus add, update or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, carefully before you invest in any securities.
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol "RIGL." The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing (if any) on The Nasdaq Stock Market's Global Market or any securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. On February 23, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $5.40 per share.
THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO OFFER OR SELL ANY SECURITIES UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled "Plan of Distribution" in this prospectus. If any underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters and any applicable commissions or discounts will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES DESCRIBED IN THE SECTION ENTITLED "RISK FACTORS" CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND ANY RELATED FREE WRITING PROSPECTUS AND UNDER SIMILAR HEADINGS IN THE OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUS.
The date of this prospectus is April 30, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using the "shelf" registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell from time to time in one or more offerings the common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, and units described in this prospectus up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration statement, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to the offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change the information set forth in this prospectus.
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be delivered to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus, is accurate as of any date other than its date regardless of the time of delivery of the prospectus, prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus, or any sale of the common stock. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
This prospectus and the information incorporated herein by reference includes trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or others. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement are the property of their respective owners.
We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be delivered to you, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information," before deciding whether to invest in any of the securities being offered.
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This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the risks of investing discussed under "Risk Factors" contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, the information incorporated by reference, including our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
References in this prospectus to "Rigel", "we", "us" and "our" refer to Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
Our Company
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a clinical-stage drug development company that discovers and develops novel, small-molecule drugs for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, as well as for certain cancers and metabolic diseases. Our pioneering research focuses on intracellular signaling pathways and related targets that are critical to disease mechanisms. Our productivity has resulted in strategic collaborations with large pharmaceutical partners to develop and market our product candidates. We have product development programs in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, thrombocytopenia and asthma, as well as in cancer.
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in June 1996. Our principal executive offices are located at 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080 and our telephone number is (650) 624-1100. Our web site address is http://www.rigel.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our web site is not part of this prospectus.
The Securities We May Offer
We may offer shares of our common stock and preferred stock, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in units, with a total value of up to $100,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable: designation or classification; aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price; maturity, if applicable; original issue discount, if any; rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any; redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any; conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; ranking; restrictive covenants, if any; voting or other rights, if any; and important United States federal income tax considerations.
A prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
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We may sell the securities directly to investors or to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through agents or underwriters, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement: the names of those agents or underwriters; applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them; details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and the net proceeds to us.
Common Stock. We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to any preferences of outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends when and if declared by our board of directors. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the common stock under "Description of Capital StockCommon Stock." We urge you, however, to read the prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to any common stock being offered.
Preferred Stock. We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Our board of directors shall determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. Convertible preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock. Conversion may be mandatory or at your option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.
If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements, we will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions of the preferred stock of such series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the preferred stock under "Description of Capital StockPreferred Stock." We urge you, however, to read the prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.
Debt Securities. We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any other unsubordinated debt that we may have and may be secured or unsecured. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument governing the debt, to all or some portion of our indebtedness. Any convertible debt securities that we issue will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other securities of ours. Conversion may be mandatory or at the holder's option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.
The debt securities will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are contracts between us and a trustee for the holders of the debt securities. Indentures have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will be incorporated by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities under "Description of Debt Securities." We urge you, however, to read the prospectus supplements and any free writing prospectus that we may
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authorize to be provided to you related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the series of debt securities.
Warrants. We may issue warrants for the purchase of our common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series, from time to time. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from those securities.
The warrants will be evidenced by warrant certificates issued under one or more warrant agreements, which are contracts between us and an agent for the holders of the warrants. Forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrants containing the terms of the warrants being offered have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental agreements and forms of warrants will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will be incorporated by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants under "Description of Warrants.". We urge you, however, to read the prospectus supplements and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.
Units. We may issue units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities in one or more series.
We will evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We will enter into the unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that describe the terms of the series of units we are offering before the issuance of the related series of units. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the units under "Description of Units." We urge you, however, to read the prospectus supplements and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of units being offered, as well as the unit agreements that contain the terms of the units.
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Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risk factors identified in any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and in our most recent annual and quarterly filings with the SEC, as well as other information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein before deciding to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registrations statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain forward-looking statements. These are based on our management's current beliefs, expectations and assumptions about future events, conditions and results and on information currently available to us. Discussions containing these forward-looking statements may be found, among other places, in the Sections entitled "Business," "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" incorporated by reference from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as well as any amendments thereto, filed with the SEC. Within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: our business and scientific strategies; the progress of our product development programs, including clinical testing, and the timing of results thereof; our corporate collaborations, including revenues that may be received from these collaborations; our drug discovery technologies; our research and development expenses; protection of our intellectual property; sufficiency of our cash resources; and our operations and legal risks.
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included or incorporated herein regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, plans, prospectus and objectives are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "will," "would" and similar expressions. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks, uncertainties and other factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the Section entitled "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as well as any amendments thereto filed with the SEC. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or developments occurring after the date of this prospectus, even if new information becomes available in the future.
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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to fixed charges and the ratio of our earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends earnings for the periods presented. Our earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges and combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends in each of the years in the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. "Earnings" consist of loss from operations before income taxes and fixed charges. "Fixed charges" consist of interest expense and the portion of operating lease expense that represents interest. The extent to which earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges and combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for those periods is shown below. Amounts shown are in thousands.
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Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
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|
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Deficiency of earnings available to cover fixed charges |
$ | (132,435 | ) | $ | (74,272 | ) | $ | (37,637 | ) | $ | (45,256 | ) | $ | (56,255 | ) | |
Deficiency of earnings available to cover combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends |
$ | (132,435 | ) | $ | (74,272 | ) | $ | (37,637 | ) | $ | (45,256 | ) | $ | (56,255 | ) |
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Except as described in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be delivered to you in connection with a specific offering, we anticipate using the net proceeds to us from the sale of securities offered hereby for research and development and other general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we are not currently planning or negotiating any such transactions. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.
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Our authorized capital stock consists of 100 million shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 10 million shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value. As of December 31, 2008, there were 36,646,397 shares of our common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding. We may issue shares of our common stock and/or our preferred stock from time to time in one or more offerings. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and/or in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be delivered to you in connection with a specific offering, a description of the terms of the offering of common stock and/or preferred stock, including the offering price, the net proceeds to us and other material terms relating to such offering.
The following summary description of our capital stock is based on the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. This information may not be complete in all respects and is qualified entirely by reference to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and the Delaware General Corporation Law. For information on how to obtain copies of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, see the section entitled "Where You Can Find More Information."
Common Stock
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any shares of our preferred stock that may become outstanding, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Rigel, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining available for distribution to our stockholders after payment of our liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any shares of our preferred stock then outstanding. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their common stock into any other securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are, and all shares of our common stock that may be issued under this prospectus will be, fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10 million shares of preferred stock, in one or more series. Our board of directors is authorized to fix or alter from time to time the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and sinking fund terms, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of any unissued series of preferred stock. Our board of directors may also establish from time to time the number of shares constituting any series of preferred stock, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but not below the number of shares of any series then outstanding.
We will fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms
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of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. This description will include:
If we issue shares of preferred stock under this prospectus, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable and will not have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights.
The General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our state of incorporation, provides that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on any proposal involving fundamental changes in the rights of holders of that preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided in the applicable certificate of designation.
The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power, liquidation rights, conversion or other rights of holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly with
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terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of decreasing the market price of common stock.
Stock Options and Warrants
As of December 31, 2008, there were 10,340,053 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance or future grant under our 2000 Equity Incentive Plan, 1,409,931 shares available for issuance under our 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 532,211 shares available for issuance or future grant under our 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan. In addition, as of such date, an entity held warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock and certain other individuals held options to purchase 6,386,625 shares of our common stock.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents
Delaware Takeover Statute. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, the statute prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation such as Rigel from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. For purposes of Section 203, a business combination includes a merger, asset sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder, and an interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years prior, did own) 15% or more of the corporation's voting stock.
Charter Documents. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by a consent in writing. Additionally, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation: does not provide for the use of cumulative voting in the election of directors; provides for a board of directors, classified into three classes of directors; provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of our board of directors; and provides for the authority of our board of directors to issue up to 10 million shares of "blank check" preferred stock and to determine the price, powers, preferences and rights of these shares, without stockholder approval.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that candidates for director may be nominated only by our board of directors or by a stockholder who gives written notice to us no later than 90 days prior nor earlier than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the last annual meeting of stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. The authorized number of directors is fixed in accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Our board of directors may appoint new directors to fill vacancies or newly created directorships. Our amended and restated bylaws also limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders.
Delaware law and these charter provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control of our management, which could depress the market price of our common stock.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Wells Fargo Bank, N. A. Its address is 161 North Concord Exchange, South St. Paul, MN 55075-1139 and its telephone number is (800) 468-9716.
Listing on the Nasdaq Global Market
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol "RIGL."
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements or free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below. However, no prospectus supplement shall fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the "indentures," we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.
We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.
The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We use the term "trustee" to refer to either the trustee under the senior indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.
General
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers' certificate or by a supplement indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:
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Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third-party). We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third-party) that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.
Events of Default under the Indenture
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:
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We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement any additional events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities.
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:
The indentures provide that if an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture, or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of the relevant series of debt securities, or that would involve the trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indentures, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification against all costs, expenses and liabilities that would be incurred by taking or not taking such action.
A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:
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These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities, or other defaults that may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.
The indentures provide that if a default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee must mail to each holder notice of the default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known by a responsible officer of the trustee or written notice of it is received by the trustee, unless such default has been cured or waived. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or premium of or interest on any debt security or certain other defaults specified in an indenture, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors, or responsible officers of the trustee, in good faith determine that withholding notice is in the best interests of holders of the relevant series of debt securities.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
Subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue, we and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to the following specific matters:
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any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred to us in the indenture; or
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue or otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
Discharge
Each indenture provides that, subject to the terms of the indenture and any limitation otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:
In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series. See the section entitled "Legal Ownership of Securities" below for a further description of the terms relating to any book-entry securities.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of
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any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture and is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. However, upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
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All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Ranking Debt Securities
The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally in right of payment to all our other senior unsecured debt. The senior indenture does not limit the amount of senior debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
Existing Subordinated Debt
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had no existing subordinated debt.
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The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.
We will issue the warrants under a warrant agreement that we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. The warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the warrants and will not act as an agent for the holders or beneficial owners of the warrants. We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants being offered under this prospectus as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus related to the particular series of warrants that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.
General
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of warrants, including:
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Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.
Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.
Governing Law
The warrants and warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
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Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants
Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.
Outstanding Warrants
As of December 31, 2008, an entity held warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock.
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The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of units that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.
General
We may issue units comprised of one or more debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock and warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units, including:
The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under "Description of Capital Stock," "Description of Debt Securities" and "Description of Warrants" will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.
Issuance in Series
We may issue units in such amounts and in numerous distinct series as we determine.
Governing Law
The units and unit agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
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Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units
Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.
Title
We, the unit agents and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary. See the section entitled "Legal Ownership of Securities."
Existing Units
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had no existing units.
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We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the "holders" of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as "indirect holders" of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.
Book-Entry Holders
We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary's book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.
Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.
As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary's book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.
Street Name Holders
We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in "street name." Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.
For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who
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hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.
For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.
Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:
Global Securities
A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.
Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under "Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated." As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
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If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.
Special Considerations For Global Securities
As an indirect holder, an investor's rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor's financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.
If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following:
Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.
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A global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:
The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.
We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement
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pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the Nasdaq Global Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on the Nasdaq Global Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's bid, however, the passive market maker's bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
In compliance with guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
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Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Palo Alto, California will pass for us upon the validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplement, and counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement will pass upon legal matters for any underwriters, dealers or agents.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, as set forth in their reports thereon which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements and our management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's reports given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Rigel. The SEC's Internet site can be found at http://www.sec.gov.
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document that we have filed separately with the SEC. You should read the information incorporated by reference because it is an important part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the following information or documents that we have filed with the SEC (Commission File No. 0-29889):
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus:
Any information in any of the foregoing documents will automatically be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that information in this prospectus or in a later filed document that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference modifies or replaces such information.
We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, until we file a post-effective amendment which indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and
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supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.
We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You should direct any requests for documents to Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Our telephone number is (650) 624-1100.
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR
SECURITIES ACT LIABILITY
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
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