PRICING SUPPLEMENT Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement Nos. 333-222672 and 333-222672-01 Dated December 27, 2018

JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC Trigger In-Digital Notes

$5,300,000 Linked to the SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF due December 30, 2021

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Investment Description

Trigger In-Digital Notes, which we refer to as the “Notes,” are unsecured and unsubordinated debt securities issued by JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMorgan Financial”), the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co., with a return linked to the performance of the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (the “Underlying”).  If the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold), JPMorgan Financial will repay your principal amount at maturity and pay a return equal to the Digital Return of at 24.75%.  However, if the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold, JPMorgan Financial will repay less than your principal amount at maturity, if anything, resulting in a loss of principal that is proportionate to the negative Underlying Return.  In this case, you will have full downside exposure to the Underlying from the Initial Value to the Final Value and could lose all of your principal amount.  The closing price of one share of the Underlying is subject to adjustments in the case of certain events described in the accompanying product supplement under “The Underlyings — Funds — Anti-Dilution Adjustments.”  Investing in the Notes involves significant risks.  You may lose some or all of your principal amount.  You will not receive dividends or other distributions paid on the Underlying or any stocks held by the Underlying, and the Notes will not pay interest.  The contingent repayment of principal and the Digital Return apply only if you hold the Notes to maturity.  Any payment on the Notes, including any repayment of principal, is subject to the creditworthiness of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the Notes, and the creditworthiness of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the Notes.  If JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on their payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Notes and you could lose your entire investment.

 

Features		Key Dates
q   Digital Return Feature — If the Underlying does not close below the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold) on the Final Valuation Date, JPMorgan Financial will repay your principal amount at maturity and pay a return equal to the Digital Return, regardless of any appreciation of the Underlying. However, if the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold, investors will be exposed to the negative Underlying Return at maturity.  q   Downside Exposure — If the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold (which is equal to the Digital Barrier), JPMorgan Financial will repay less than your principal amount at maturity, if anything, resulting in a loss of principal that is proportionate to the negative Underlying Return.  You may lose some or all of your principal. The contingent repayment of principal applies only if you hold the Notes to maturity. Any payment on the Notes, including any repayment of principal, is subject to the creditworthiness of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co.		Trade Date		December 27, 2018
		Original Issue Date (Settlement Date)		December 31, 2018
		Final Valuation Date1		December 27, 2021
		Maturity Date1		December 30, 2021
		1	Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption event and as described under “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to a Single Underlying –– Notes Linked to a Single Underlying (Other Than a Commodity Index)” and “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product supplement
THE NOTES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY RISKIER THAN CONVENTIONAL DEBT INSTRUMENTS. JPMORGAN FINANCIAL IS NOT NECESSARILY OBLIGATED TO REPAY THE FULL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THE NOTES AT MATURITY, AND THE NOTES CAN HAVE DOWNSIDE MARKET RISK SIMILAR TO THE UNDERLYING. THIS MARKET RISK IS IN ADDITION TO THE CREDIT RISK INHERENT IN PURCHASING A DEBT OBLIGATION OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL FULLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED BY JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. YOU SHOULD NOT PURCHASE THE NOTES IF YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND OR ARE NOT COMFORTABLE WITH THE SIGNIFICANT RISKS INVOLVED IN INVESTING IN THE NOTES. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS DESCRIBED UNDER “KEY RISKS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 6 OF THIS PRICING SUPPLEMENT, UNDER “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE PS-10 OF THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT SUPPLEMENT AND UNDER “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE US-1 OF THE ACCOMPANYING UNDERLYING SUPPLEMENT BEFORE PURCHASING ANY NOTES. EVENTS RELATING TO ANY OF THOSE RISKS, OR OTHER RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE MARKET VALUE OF, AND THE RETURN ON, YOUR NOTES. YOU MAY LOSE SOME OR ALL OF YOUR INITIAL INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES. THE NOTES WILL NOT BE LISTED ON ANY SECURITIES EXCHANGE.
Security Offering
We are offering Trigger In-Digital Notes linked to the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF.  The Notes are offered at a minimum investment of $1,000 in denominations of $10 and integral multiples thereof.

Underlying	Digital Return	Initial Value	Digital Barrier	Downside Threshold	CUSIP	ISIN
SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (Bloomberg ticker: XOP)	24.75%	$26.75	$13.38, which is 50% of the Initial Value	$13.38, which is 50% of the Initial Value	48130X802	US48130X8020

See “Additional Information about JPMorgan Financial, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and the Notes” in this pricing supplement. The Notes will have the terms specified in the prospectus and the prospectus supplement, each dated April 5, 2018, product supplement no. UBS-1-I dated April 5, 2018, underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 5, 2018 and this pricing supplement. The terms of the Notes as set forth in this pricing supplement, to the extent they differ or conflict with those set forth in the accompanying product supplement, will supersede the terms set forth in that product supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the Notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement, the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Price to Public1		Fees and Commissions2		Proceeds to Issuer
Offering of Notes	Total	Per Note	Total	Per Note	Total	Per Note
Notes Linked to the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF	$5,300,000	$10.00	$132,500	$0.25	$5,167,500	$9.75

 

1	See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the Notes.
2	UBS Financial Services Inc., which we refer to as UBS, will receive selling commissions from us of $0.25 per $10 principal amount Note.  See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement, as supplemented by “Supplemental Plan of Distribution” in this pricing supplement.

The estimated value of the Notes, when the terms of the Notes were set, was $9.589 per $10 principal amount Note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information.

The Notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

 

Additional Information about JPMorgan Financial, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and the Notes

You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes, of which these Notes are a part, and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

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Product supplement no. UBS-1-I dated April 5, 2018: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010318004522/dp87529_424b2-ubs1i.pdf

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Underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 5, 2018: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010318004514/crt_dp87766-424b2.pdf

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Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 5, 2018: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010318004508/dp87767_424b2-ps.pdf

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing supplement, the “Issuer,” “JPMorgan Financial,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC.

 

Supplemental Terms of the Notes

For purposes of the accompanying product supplement, the SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF is a “Fund.”

 

Investor Suitability

The Notes may be suitable for you if, among other considerations: ♦  You fully understand the risks inherent in an investment in the Notes, including the risk of loss of your entire principal amount. ♦  You can tolerate a loss of all or a substantial portion of your investment and are willing to make an investment that may have the same downside market risk as a hypothetical investment in the Underlying. ♦  You believe the price of the Underlying is likely to close at or above the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold) on the Final Valuation Date and will not increase by a greater percentage than the Digital Return over the term of the Notes. ♦  You understand and accept that you will not participate in any appreciation of the Underlying and your potential return is limited to the Digital Return. ♦  You are willing to invest in the Notes based on the Digital Return indicated on the cover hereof. ♦  You can tolerate fluctuations in the price of the Notes prior to maturity that may be similar to or exceed the downside price fluctuations of the Underlying. ♦  You do not seek current income from your investment and are willing to forgo dividends paid on the Underlying. ♦  You are willing and able to hold the Notes to maturity. ♦  You accept that there may be little or no secondary market for the Notes and that any secondary market will depend in large part on the price, if any, at which J.P. Morgan Notes LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, is willing to trade the Notes. ♦  You understand and accept the risks associated with the Underlying. ♦  You are willing to assume the credit risks of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. for all payments under the Notes, and understand that if JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. default on their obligations, you may not receive any amounts due to you including any repayment of principal.

The Notes may not be suitable for you if, among other considerations: ♦  You do not fully understand the risks inherent in an investment in the Notes, including the risk of loss of your entire principal amount. ♦  You require an investment designed to provide a full return of principal at maturity. ♦  You cannot tolerate a loss of all or a substantial portion of your investment, or you are not willing to make an investment that may have the same downside market risk as a hypothetical investment in the Underlying. ♦  You believe the price of the Underlying is unlikely to close at or above the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold)on the Final Valuation Date or will increase by a greater percentage than the Digital Return over the term of the Notes. ♦  You seek an investment that participates in any appreciation of the Underlying or that has unlimited return potential. ♦  You are unwilling to invest in the Notes based on the Digital Return indicated on the cover hereof. ♦  You cannot tolerate fluctuations in the price of the Notes prior to maturity that may be similar to or exceed the downside price fluctuations of the Underlying. ♦  You seek current income from your investment or prefer not to forgo dividends paid on the Underlying. ♦  You are unwilling or unable to hold the Notes to maturity or seek an investment for which there will be an active secondary market. ♦  You do not understand or accept the risks associated with the Underlying. ♦  You are not willing to assume the credit risks of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. for all payments under the Notes, including any repayment of principal.

The suitability considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the Notes are a suitable investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers have carefully considered the suitability of an investment in the Notes in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the “Key Risks” section of this pricing supplement and the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement for risks related to an investment in the Notes. For more information on the Underlying, please see the section titled “The Underlying” below.

 

 

What Are the Tax Consequences of the Notes?

You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product supplement no. UBS-1-I. The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of Notes.

Based on current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counsel it is reasonable to treat the Notes as “open transactions” that are not debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your Notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you hold your Notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of Notes at the issue price. However, the IRS or a court may not respect this treatment, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the Notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” regime, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.

Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations (such an index, a “Qualified Index”). Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January 1, 2021 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, our special tax counsel is of the opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the Notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the Notes.

Withholding under legislation commonly referred to as “FATCA” may (if the Notes are recharacterized as debt instruments) apply to amounts treated as interest paid with respect to the Notes, as well as to payments of gross proceeds of a taxable disposition, including redemption at maturity, of a Note. However, under a 2015 IRS notice, this regime will not apply to payments of gross proceeds (other than any amount treated as interest) with respect to dispositions occurring before January 1, 2019, and under recently proposed regulations (the preamble to which specifies that taxpayers are permitted to rely on them pending finalization), no withholding will apply to payments of gross proceeds (other than any amount treated as interest). You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of FATCA to the Notes.

 

Key Risks

An investment in the Notes involves significant risks. Investing in the Notes is not equivalent to investing directly in the Underlying. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement. We also urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes.

Risks Relating to the Notes Generally

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Your Investment in the Notes May Result in a Loss — The Notes differ from ordinary debt securities in that we will not necessarily repay the full principal amount of the Notes. We will pay you the principal amount of your Notes in cash only if the Final Value has not declined below the Downside Threshold. If the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold, you will be exposed to the full decline of the Underlying and will lose some or all of your principal amount in an amount proportionate to the negative Underlying Return. Accordingly, you could lose up to your entire principal amount.

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Credit Risks of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. — The Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated debt obligations of the Issuer, JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. The Notes will rank pari passu with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, and the related guarantee JPMorgan Chase & Co. will rank pari passu with all of JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. The Notes and related guarantees are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. Any payment to be made on the Notes, including any repayment of principal, depends on the ability of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. to satisfy their obligations as they come due. As a result, the actual and perceived creditworthiness of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. may affect the market value of the Notes and, in the event JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on their obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the terms of the Notes and you could lose your entire investment.

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As a Finance Subsidiary, JPMorgan Financial Has No Independent Operations and Limited Assets — As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of our securities. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase & Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of our affiliates to make payments under loans made by us or other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from our affiliates to meet our obligations under the Notes. If these affiliates do not make payments to us and we fail to make payments on the Notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co.

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The Appreciation Potential of the Notes Is Limited by the Digital Return — The appreciation potential of the Notes is limited by the Digital Return. If the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Digital Barrier, at maturity we will repay your principal amount, plus a return equal to the Digital Return, regardless of any appreciation of the Underlying. Accordingly, the appreciation potential of the Notes will be limited by the Digital Return even if the Underlying Return is greater than the Digital Return.

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The Digital Return Applies Only If You Hold the Notes to Maturity — You should be willing to hold your Notes to maturity. If you are able to sell your Notes prior to maturity in the secondary market, if any, the price you receive likely will not reflect the full economic value of the Digital Return or the Notes themselves, and the return you realize may be less than the Underlying’s return, even if that return is positive. You can receive the full benefit of the Digital Return from JPMorgan Financial only if you hold your Notes to maturity.

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The Contingent Repayment of Principal Applies Only If You Hold the Notes to Maturity — You should be willing to hold your Notes to maturity. If you are able to sell your Notes in the secondary market, if any, prior to maturity, you may have to sell them at a loss relative to your initial investment even if the closing price of one share of the Underlying is above the Downside Threshold. If you hold the Notes to maturity, JPMorgan Financial will repay your principal amount as long as the Final Value is not below the Downside Threshold. However, if the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold, JPMorgan Financial will repay less than the principal amount, if anything, resulting in a loss that is proportionate to the decline in the price of the Underlying from the Initial Value to the Final Value. The contingent repayment of principal based on whether the Final Value is below the Downside Threshold applies only if you hold your Notes to maturity.

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Your Ability to Receive the Digital Return May Terminate on the Final Valuation Date — If the Final Value is less than the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold), you will not be entitled to receive the Digital Return on the Notes. Under these circumstances, you will lose some or all of your principal amount in an amount proportionate to the negative Underlying Return.

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No Interest Payments — JPMorgan Financial will not make any interest payments to you with respect to the Notes.

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Potential Conflicts — We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the issuance of the Notes, including acting as calculation agent and hedging our obligations under the Notes and making the assumptions used to determine the pricing of the Notes and the estimated value of the Notes when the terms of the Notes are set, which we refer to as the estimated value of the Notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s economic interests and the economic interests of the calculation agent and other affiliates of ours are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the Notes. In addition, our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s business activities, including hedging and trading activities, could cause our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s economic interests to be adverse to yours and could adversely affect any payment on the Notes and the value of the Notes. It is possible that hedging or trading activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the Notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the Notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product supplement for additional information about these risks.

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The Probability That the Final Value Will Fall Below the Downside Threshold on the Final Valuation Date Will Depend on the Volatility of the Underlying — “Volatility" refers to the frequency and magnitude of changes in the price of the Underlying.

Greater expected volatility with respect to the Underlying reflects a higher expectation as of the Trade Date that the Underlying could close below the Downside Threshold on the Final Valuation Date, resulting in the loss of some or all of your investment. However, the Underlying’s volatility can change significantly over the term of the Notes. The price of the Underlying could fall sharply, which could result in a significant loss of principal.

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The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes — The estimated value of the Notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the Notes exceeds the estimated value of the Notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the Notes are included in the original issue price of the Notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the Notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the Notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

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The Estimated Value of the Notes Does Not Represent Future Values of the Notes and May Differ from Others’ Estimates — The estimated value of the Notes is determined by reference to internal pricing models of our affiliates when the terms of the Notes are set. This estimated value of the Notes is based on market conditions and other relevant factors existing at that time and assumptions about market parameters, which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors. Different pricing models and assumptions could provide valuations for the Notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the Notes. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On future dates, the value of the Notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at which JPMS would be willing to buy Notes from you in secondary market transactions. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

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The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate — The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the Notes is based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the Notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the Notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed-rate debt of JPMorgan Chase & Co. The use of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the Notes and any secondary market prices of the Notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

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The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period — We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the Notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your Notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances. See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period. Accordingly, the estimated value of your Notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the Notes as published by JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).

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Secondary Market Prices of the Notes Will Likely Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price of the Notes — Any secondary market prices of the Notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the Notes because, among other things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and, also, because secondary market prices (a) exclude selling commissions and (b) may exclude projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging costs that are included in the original issue price of the Notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy Notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you. See the immediately following risk factor for information about additional factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the Notes.

The Notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your Notes to maturity. See “— Lack of Liquidity” below.

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Many Economic and Market Factors Will Impact the Value of the Notes — As described under “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement, the Notes can be thought of as securities that combine a fixed-income debt component with one or more derivatives. As a result, the factors that influence the values of fixed-income debt and derivative instruments will also influence the terms of the Notes at issuance and their value in the secondary market. Accordingly, the secondary market price of the Notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging costs and the price of one share of the Underlying, including:

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any actual or potential change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads;

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customary bid-ask spreads for similarly sized trades;

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our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances;

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the actual and expected volatility in the price of one share of the Underlying;

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the time to maturity of the Notes;

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the dividend rates on the Underlying and the equity securities held by the Underlying;

 

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the occurrence of certain events affecting the Underlying that may or may not require an adjustment to the closing price and the Share Adjustment Factor of the Underlying;

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interest and yield rates in the market generally;

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the exchange rates and the volatility of the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and each of the currencies in which the equity securities held by the Underlying trade and the correlation among those rates and the price of the Underlying; and

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a variety of other economic, financial, political, regulatory and judicial events.

Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price for the Notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the price of the Notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your Notes in the secondary market.

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Investing in the Notes Is Not Equivalent to Investing in the Underlying or the Equity Securities Held by the Underlying — Investing in the Notes is not equivalent to investing in the Underlying or the equity securities held by the Underlying. As an investor in the Notes, you will not have any ownership interest or rights in the Underlying or the equity securities held by the Underlying, such as voting rights, dividend payments or other distributions.

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Your Return on the Notes Will Not Reflect Dividends on the Underlying or the Equity Securities Held by the Underlying — Your return on the Notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the Underlying or the equity securities held by the Underlying and received the dividends on the Underlying or those equity securities. This is because the calculation agent will calculate the amount payable to you at maturity of the Notes by reference to the Final Value, which reflects the closing price of one share of the Underlying on the Final Valuation Date without taking into consideration the value of dividends on the Underlying or the equity securities held by the Underlying.

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No Affiliation with the Underlying or the Issuers of the Equity Securities Held by the Underlying — We are not affiliated with the Underlying or, to our knowledge, the issuers of the equity securities held by the Underlying. We have not independently verified the information about the Underlying or the issuers of the equity securities held by the Underlying contained in this pricing supplement. You should make your own investigation into the Underlying and the issuers of the equity securities held by the Underlying. We are not responsible for the public disclosure of information by the Underlying or the issuers of the equity securities held by the Underlying, whether contained in SEC filings or otherwise.

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Lack of Liquidity — The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. JPMS intends to offer to purchase the Notes in the secondary market, but is not required to do so. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the Notes easily. Because other dealers are not likely to make a secondary market for the Notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your Notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the Notes.

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Potentially Inconsistent Research, Opinions or Recommendations by JPMS, UBS or Their Affiliates — JPMS, UBS or their affiliates may publish research, express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with investing in or holding the Notes, and that may be revised at any time. Any such research, opinions or recommendations may or may not recommend that investors buy or hold investments linked to the Underlying and could affect the value of the Underlying, and therefore the market value of the Notes.

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Tax Treatment — Significant aspects of the tax treatment of the Notes are uncertain. You should consult your tax adviser about your tax situation.

♦

Potential JPMorgan Financial Impact on the Market Price of the Underlying — Trading or transactions by JPMorgan Financial or its affiliates in the Underlying or in futures, options or other derivative products on the Underlying may adversely affect the market value of the Underlying and, therefore, the market value of the Notes.

Risks Relating to the Underlying

♦

There Are Risks Associated with the Underlying — Although shares of the Underlying are listed for trading on a securities exchange and a number of similar products have been trading on a securities exchange for varying periods of time, there is no assurance that an active trading market will continue for the shares of the Underlying or that there will be liquidity in the trading market.  The Underlying is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment strategies of the Underlying’s investment adviser, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results.  These constraints could adversely affect the market price of the shares of the Underlying, and consequently, the value of the Notes.

♦

The Performance and Market Value of the Underlying, Particularly During Periods of Market Volatility, May Not Correlate with the Performance of the Underlying’s Underlying Index as well as the Net Asset Value per Share — The Underlying does not fully replicate its Underlying Index (as defined under “The Underlying” below) and may hold securities different from those included in its Underlying Index.  In addition, the performance of the Underlying will reflect additional transaction costs and fees that are not included in the calculation of its Underlying Index.  All of these factors may lead to a lack of correlation between the performance of the Underlying and its Underlying Index.  In addition, corporate actions with respect to the equity securities underlying the Underlying (such as mergers and spin-offs) may impact the variance between the performances of the Underlying and its Underlying Index.  Finally, because the shares of the Underlying are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market value of one share of the Underlying may differ from the net asset value per share of the Underlying.

During periods of market volatility, securities underlying the Underlying may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the Underlying and the liquidity of the Underlying may be adversely affected.  This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares

of the Underlying.  Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and sell shares of the Underlying.  As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares of the Underlying may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the Underlying.  For all of the foregoing reasons, the performance of the Underlying may not correlate with the performance of its Underlying Index as well as the net asset value per share of the Underlying, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the Notes in the secondary market and/or reduce any payment on the Notes.

♦

Risks Associated with the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industry — All or substantially all of the equity securities held by the Underlying are issued by companies whose primary line of business is directly associated with the oil and gas exploration and production industry. As a result, the value of the Notes may be subject to greater volatility and be more adversely affected by a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting this industry than a different investment linked to securities of a more broadly diversified group of issuers. Issuers in energy-related industries can be significantly affected by fluctuations in energy prices and supply and demand of energy fuels. Markets for various energy-related commodities can have significant volatility, and are subject to control or manipulation by large producers or purchasers. Companies in the energy sector may need to make substantial expenditures, and to incur significant amounts of debt, in order to maintain or expand their reserves. Oil and gas companies develop and produce crude oil and natural gas and provide drilling and other energy resources production and distribution related services. Stock prices for these types of companies are affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for energy products in general. The price of oil and gas, exploration and production spending, government regulation, world events and economic conditions will likewise affect the performance of these companies. Correspondingly, securities of companies in the energy field are subject to swift price and supply fluctuations caused by events relating to international politics, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, and tax and other governmental regulatory policies. Weak demand for the companies’ products or services or for energy products and services in general, as well as negative developments in these other areas, would adversely impact the Underlying’s performance. Oil and gas exploration and production can be significantly affected by natural disasters as well as changes in exchange rates, interest rates, government regulation, world events and economic conditions. These companies may be at risk for environmental damage claims. These factors could affect the oil and gas exploration and production industry and could affect the value of the equity securities held by the Underlying and the price of the Underlying during the term of the Notes, which may adversely affect the value of your Notes.

♦

Anti-Dilution Protection Is Limited — Although the calculation agent will adjust the closing price of one share of the Underlying for certain events affecting the Underlying, the calculation agent is not required to make an adjustment for every event that can affect the Underlying.  If an event occurs that does not require the calculation agent to adjust the closing price of one share of the Underlying, the market value of your Notes and any payment on the Notes may be materially and adversely affected.

.

 

Hypothetical Examples and Return Table

Hypothetical terms only. Actual terms may vary. See the cover page for actual offering terms.

The following table and hypothetical examples below illustrate the payment at maturity per $10.00 principal amount Note for a hypothetical range of Underlying Returns from -100.00% to +100.00% on an offering of the Notes linked to a hypothetical Underlying, and assume a hypothetical Initial Value of $100, a hypothetical Digital Barrier of $90, a hypothetical Downside Threshold of $90 and a hypothetical Digital Return of 5.00%. The hypothetical Initial Value of $100 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual Initial Value. The actual Initial Value is based on the closing price of one share of the Underlying on the Trade Date and is specified on the cover of this pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing price of one share of the Underlying, please see the historical information set forth under “The Underlying” in this pricing supplement. The actual Digital Barrier, Downside Threshold and Digital Return are specified on the cover of this pricing supplement. The hypothetical payment at maturity examples set forth below are for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual returns applicable to a purchaser of the Notes. The actual payment at maturity may be more or less than the amounts displayed below and will be determined based on the actual terms of the Notes, including the Initial Value, the Digital Barrier, the Downside Threshold and the Digital Return, and the Final Value on the Final Valuation Date. You should consider carefully whether the Notes are suitable to your investment goals. The numbers appearing in the table below have been rounded for ease of analysis.

Final Value	Underlying Return (%)	Payment at Maturity ($)	Return at Maturity per $10.00 issue price (%)
$200.00	100.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$190.00	90.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$180.00	80.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$170.00	70.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$160.00	60.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$150.00	50.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$140.00	40.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$130.00	30.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$120.00	20.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$110.00	10.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$105.00	5.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$102.50	2.50%	$10.500	5.00%
$100.00	0.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$95.00	-5.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$90.00	-10.00%	$10.500	5.00%
$89.99	-10.01%	$8.999	-10.01%
$80.00	-20.00%	$8.000	-20.00%
$70.00	-30.00%	$7.000	-30.00%
$60.00	-40.00%	$6.000	-40.00%
$50.00	-50.00%	$5.000	-50.00%
$40.00	-60.00%	$4.000	-60.00%
$30.00	-70.00%	$3.000	-70.00%
$20.00	-80.00%	$2.000	-80.00%
$10.00	-90.00%	$1.000	-90.00%
$0.00	-100.00%	$0.000	-100.00%

Example 1 — The price of the Underlying increases by 2.50% from the Initial Value of $100 to the Final Value of $102.50. 
Because the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold), at maturity, JPMorgan Financial will pay you your principal amount plus a return equal to the Digital Return, regardless of the appreciation of the Underlying, resulting in a payment at maturity of $10.50 per $10 principal amount Note, calculated as follows:

$10.00 + ($10.00 × the Digital Return)
$10.00 + ($10.00 × 5.00%) = $10.50

Example 2 — The price of the Underlying increases by 10% from the Initial Value of $100 to the Final Value of $110.
Because the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold) and although the Underlying Return of 10% is greater than the Digital Return of 5.00%, at maturity, JPMorgan Financial will pay you your principal amount plus a return equal to only the Digital Return, regardless of the appreciation of the Underlying, resulting in a payment at maturity of $10.50 per $10 principal amount Note, calculated as follows:

$10.00 + ($10.00 × the Digital Return)
$10.00 + ($10.00 × 5.00%) = $10.50

Example 3 — The price of the Underlying decreases by 5% from the Initial Value of $100 to the Final Value of $95.
Even though the price of the Underlying has declined, because the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Digital Barrier (which is equal to the Downside Threshold), at maturity, JPMorgan Financial will pay you your principal amount plus a return equal to the Digital Return of 5.00%, resulting in a payment at maturity of $10.50 per $10 principal amount Note, calculated as follows:

$10.00 + ($10.00 × the Digital Return)
$10.00 + ($10.00 × 5.00%) = $10.50

Example 4 — The price of the Underlying decreases by 60% from the Initial Value of $100 to the Final Value of $40.
Because the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold and the Underlying Return is -60%, at maturity, JPMorgan Financial will pay you a payment at maturity of $4.00 per $10 principal amount Note, calculated as follows:

$10.00 + ($10.00 × Underlying Return)
$10.00 + ($10.00 × -60%) = $4.00

If the Final Value is less than the Downside Threshold, investors will be exposed to the negative Underlying Return at maturity, resulting in a loss of principal that is proportionate to the Underlying’s decline from the Initial Value to the Final Value. Investors could lose some or all of their principal amount.

The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the Notes shown above apply only if you hold the Notes for their entire term. These hypotheticals do not reflect fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would likely be lower.

 

 

The Underlying

The SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF is an exchange-traded fund of the SPDR^® Series Trust, a registered investment company, that seeks to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the total return performance of an index derived from the oil and gas exploration and production segment of a U.S. total market composite index, which we refer to as the Underlying Index with respect to the SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF. The Underlying Index with respect to the SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF is currently the S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production Select Industry^TM Index. The S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production Select Industry^TM Index is a modified equal-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of the following GICS^® sub-industries of the S&P Total Market Index: integrated oil & gas; oil & gas exploration & mining; and oil & gas refining & marketing. For additional information about the SPDR^® S&P^® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF, see the information set forth under “Fund Descriptions — The SPDR^® S&P^® Industry ETFs” in the accompanying underlying supplement. 

Historical Information

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low closing prices of one share of the Underlying, based on daily closing prices of one share of the Underlying as reported by the Bloomberg Professional^® service (“Bloomberg”), without independent verification. The information given below is for the four calendar quarters in each of 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 and the first, second and third calendar quarters of 2018. Partial data is provided for the fourth calendar quarter of 2018. The closing price of one share of the Underlying on December 27, 2018 was $26.75. We obtained the closing prices of one share of the Underlying above and below from Bloomberg, without independent verification. The closing prices may have been adjusted by Bloomberg for certain actions, such as stock splits. You should not take the historical prices of one share of the Underlying as an indication of future performance.

Quarter Begin	Quarter End	Quarterly Closing High	Quarterly Closing Low	Close
1/1/2013	3/31/2013	$62.10	$55.10	$60.49
4/1/2013	6/30/2013	$62.61	$54.71	$58.18
7/1/2013	9/30/2013	$66.47	$58.62	$65.85
10/1/2013	12/31/2013	$72.72	$65.02	$68.53
1/1/2014	3/31/2014	$71.83	$64.04	$71.83
4/1/2014	6/30/2014	$83.45	$71.19	$82.28
7/1/2014	9/30/2014	$82.08	$68.83	$68.83
10/1/2014	12/31/2014	$66.84	$42.75	$47.86
1/1/2015	3/31/2015	$53.94	$42.55	$51.66
4/1/2015	6/30/2015	$55.63	$46.43	$46.66
7/1/2015	9/30/2015	$45.22	$31.71	$32.84
10/1/2015	12/31/2015	$40.53	$28.64	$30.22
1/1/2016	3/31/2016	$30.96	$23.60	$30.35
4/1/2016	6/30/2016	$37.50	$29.23	$34.81
7/1/2016	9/30/2016	$39.12	$32.76	$38.46
10/1/2016	12/31/2016	$43.42	$34.73	$41.42
1/1/2017	3/31/2017	$42.21	$35.17	$37.44
4/1/2017	6/30/2017	$37.89	$30.17	$31.92
7/1/2017	9/30/2017	$34.37	$29.09	$34.09
10/1/2017	12/31/2017	$37.64	$32.25	$37.18
1/1/2018	3/31/2018	$39.85	$32.38	$35.22
4/1/2018	6/30/2018	$44.22	$34.03	$43.06
7/1/2018	9/30/2018	$44.52	$39.10	$43.29
10/1/2018	12/27/2018*	$44.57	$24.12	$26.75

 

*

As of the date of this pricing supplement, available information for the fourth calendar quarter of 2018 includes data for the period from October 1, 2018 through December 27, 2018.  Accordingly, the “Quarterly Closing High,” “Quarterly Closing Low” and “Close” data indicated are for this shortened period only and do not reflect complete data for the fourth calendar quarter of 2018.

 

The graph below illustrates the daily performance of the Underlying from January 2, 2008 through December 27, 2018, based on information from Bloomberg, without independent verification. The dotted line represents the Digital Barrier and Downside Threshold of $13.38, equal to 50% of the closing price of one share of the Underlying on December 27, 2018.

Past performance of the Underlying is not indicative of the future performance of the Underlying.

 

The historical performance of the Underlying should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the closing price of one share of the Underlying on the Final Valuation Date. We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Underlying will result in the return of any of your principal amount.

Supplemental Plan of Distribution

We and JPMorgan Chase & Co. have agreed to indemnify UBS and JPMS against liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments that UBS may be required to make relating to these liabilities as described in the prospectus supplement and the prospectus. We have agreed that UBS may sell all or a part of the Notes that it purchases from us to the public or its affiliates at the price to public indicated on the cover hereof.

Subject to regulatory constraints, JPMS intends to offer to purchase the Notes in the secondary market, but it is not required to do so.

We or our affiliates may enter into swap agreements or related hedge transactions with one of our other affiliates or unaffiliated counterparties in connection with the sale of the Notes, and JPMS and/or an affiliate may earn additional income as a result of payments pursuant to the swap or related hedge transactions. See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement and “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying product supplement.

The Estimated Value of the Notes

The estimated value of the Notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the Notes, valued using the internal funding rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the Notes. The estimated value of the Notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your Notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the Notes is based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding values of the Notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the Notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed-rate debt of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For additional information, see “Key Risks — Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this pricing supplement. The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the Notes is derived from internal pricing models of our affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the Notes is determined when the terms of the Notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time. See “Key Risks — Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — The Estimated Value of the Notes Does Not Represent Future Values of the Notes and May Differ from Others’ Estimates” in this pricing supplement.

The estimated value of the Notes is lower than the original issue price of the Notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the Notes are included in the original issue price of the Notes. These costs include the selling commissions paid to UBS, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the Notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the Notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. We or one or more of our affiliates will retain any profits realized in hedging our obligations under the Notes. See “Key Risks — Risks Relating to the

Notes Generally — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

Secondary Market Prices of the Notes

For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the Notes, see “Key Risks — Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — Secondary Market Prices of the Notes Will Be Impacted by Many Economic and Market Factors” in this pricing supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the Notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your Notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period that is intended to be up to nine months. The length of any such initial period reflects secondary market volumes for the Notes, the structure of the Notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the Notes and when these costs are incurred, as determined by our affiliates. See “Key Risks — Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing supplement.

Supplemental Use of Proceeds

The Notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the Notes. See “Hypothetical Examples and Return Table” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return profile of the Notes and “The Underlying” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the Notes.

The original issue price of the Notes is equal to the estimated value of the Notes plus the selling commissions paid to UBS, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the Notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the Notes.

 Validity of the Notes and the Guarantee

In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, as special products counsel to JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co., when the Notes offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by JPMorgan Financial and authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the indenture, and delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such Notes will be valid and binding obligations of JPMorgan Financial and the related guarantee will constitute a valid and binding obligation of JPMorgan Chase & Co., enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to (i) the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above or (ii) any provision of the indenture that purports to avoid the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law by limiting the amount of JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s obligation under the related guarantee. This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and its authentication of the Notes and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the indenture with respect to the trustee, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated March 8, 2018, which was filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 by JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co. on March 8, 2018.