UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

SCHEDULE 14A

(Rule 14a-101)

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No.     )

 

Filed by the Registrant   x                              Filed by a party other than the Registrant   ¨

Check the appropriate box:

 

MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

 

 

 

 

 

 

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MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.

3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500

San Diego, CA 92130

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held June 11, 2015

The 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Mast Therapeutics, Inc. will be held on June 11, 2015 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time at the Company’s offices located at 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130. The meeting is being held for the following purposes, as more fully described in the proxy statement accompanying this notice:

1. To elect five directors to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal;

2. To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015;

3. To approve the Mast Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan; and

4. To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on April 17, 2015 will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting will be available for inspection by any stockholder for any purpose relating to the meeting during ordinary business hours at our corporate offices located at 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130 for ten days prior to the meeting, and will also be available for inspection at the meeting. To obtain directions to the location of the meeting, please contact us at (858) 552-0866.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, and no matter how many shares you own, please vote as promptly as possible. This will help to ensure the presence of a quorum at the meeting and save us additional proxy solicitation costs.

All stockholders are cordially invited to attend the meeting.

 

San Diego, California

April 29, 2015

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholders’ Meeting To Be Held on June 11, 2015. This notice of meeting, the proxy statement for the meeting and our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 are available at https://materials.proxyvote.com/576314.

 

 

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

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Mast Therapeutics, Inc.

3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500

San Diego, CA 92130

(858) 552-0866

 

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MEETING

Mast Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Mast Therapeutics,” “we,” or “our company”), is making proxy materials, including this proxy statement, available to our stockholders via the Internet in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors for use at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 11, 2015, at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time at our offices located at 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130 (the “Annual Meeting”), and at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

This proxy statement, the attached notice of the Annual Meeting, a proxy card and our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 are collectively referred to as the “proxy materials.” The proxy materials are first being made available to our stockholders on or about April 29, 2015.

Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials

All stockholders have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the attached notice of the Annual Meeting. Pursuant to rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we have elected to send a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) to our stockholders instead of mailing printed copies of the proxy materials, unless you have previously elected to receive printed materials. The Notice provides instructions on how to access the proxy materials via the Internet and how to request a printed set of the proxy materials at no charge. In addition, stockholders can elect to receive future proxy materials electronically by email or in printed form by mail, and any such election will remain in effect until terminated by the stockholder. We encourage all stockholders to take advantage of the availability of the proxy materials on the Internet to help reduce the cost and environmental impact of our annual meetings.

Purposes of the Annual Meeting

The Annual Meeting is being held for the following purposes:

1. To elect five directors to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal;

2. To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015;

3. To approve the Mast Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan; and

4. To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Record Date; Shares Outstanding and Entitled to Vote

Our board of directors has fixed April 17, 2015 as the record date for the determination of holders of our common stock entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. At the close of business on the record date, we had 159,628,062 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Each stockholder of record as of the record date is entitled to one vote at the Annual Meeting for each share of common stock held by such stockholder on the record date. Stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights. We had no other class of capital stock outstanding as of the record date. No other shares are entitled to notice of, or to vote at, the Annual Meeting.

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How to Vote Your Shares

If you hold your shares in your own name as the stockholder of record: You may vote your shares by proxy over the Internet or by telephone by following the instructions provided in the Notice, or, if you requested to receive printed proxy materials, you may vote by marking, dating and signing the enclosed proxy card and returning it in the postage-paid envelope provided or you may vote over the Internet or by telephone pursuant to the instructions provided in the proxy card. Additionally, you may vote your shares in person at the Annual Meeting. Stockholders voting by Internet or telephone should understand that, while we and the party providing the service through which you may vote by Internet or by telephone do not charge any fees to our stockholders for voting by Internet or telephone, there may still be costs, such as usage charges from Internet access providers and telephone companies, for which you are responsible.

If your shares are held in the name of a broker or other nominee (that is, in “street name”): You will receive instructions from the holder of record that you must follow for your shares to be voted. The availability of telephonic or Internet voting will depend on your broker’s (or other nominee’s) voting process. Please check with your broker or other nominee and follow the voting procedure your broker or other nominee provides to vote your shares. If you wish to vote in person at the Annual Meeting, you must request a legal proxy from your broker or other nominee that holds your shares and present that proxy and proof of identification at the Annual Meeting.

By casting your vote by proxy, you are authorizing the holders of the proxies solicited by this proxy statement to vote your shares in accordance with your instructions.

YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT. We encourage you to submit your vote by proxy even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting and vote in person.

How to Change Your Vote

If you hold your shares in your own name: You may revoke your proxy and change your vote at any time before your proxy is exercised by:

Any written notice of revocation or later dated proxy should be delivered before the close of business on June 10, 2015 to:

Mast Therapeutics, Inc.
3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500
San Diego, CA 92130
Attention: Corporate Secretary

Alternatively, you may hand deliver a written revocation notice or a later dated proxy to our corporate secretary at the Annual Meeting before voting begins.

If your shares are held in street name: You must follow the instructions provided by the broker or other nominee if you wish to change your vote.

Proxies

If you provide specific voting instructions on your proxy card or when voting via the Internet or by telephone, your shares will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with your instructions. If you hold shares in your name and execute a proxy (either by submitting it via the Internet or telephone or signing and returning a proxy card) without making individual selections, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors, which are:

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At this time, we are unaware of any matters, other than those set forth above, that may properly come before the Annual Meeting. If any other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, the holders of proxies solicited by this proxy statement, or their duly constituted substitutes acting at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof, will be deemed authorized to vote or otherwise act on such matters in accordance with their judgment.

The holders of proxies solicited by this proxy statement, or their duly constituted substitutes acting at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof, may propose and vote for one or more adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting, including adjournments or postponements, to permit further solicitations of proxies. Proxies solicited may be voted only at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof and will not be used for any other meeting of our stockholders.

Broker Non-Votes

A “broker non-vote” occurs when a nominee (typically a broker or bank) holding shares for a beneficial owner (typically referred to as shares being held in “street name”) submits a proxy for those shares, but indicates on the proxy that it does not have authority to vote those shares on particular proposals because it has not received specific voting instructions from the beneficial owner for those proposals. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, brokers and other nominees have discretion to vote shares held in street name on “routine” matters but lack such discretion with regard to “non-routine” matters. The ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal year 2015 is considered a routine matter and, as such, brokers and other nominees may vote on that proposal in the absence of specific instructions from the beneficial owner. Each of the other proposals described in this proxy statement is considered a non-routine matter and brokers and other nominees do not have discretionary authority to vote on those proposals.

Quorum and Required Votes

A majority of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting must be present in person or by proxy in order for there to be a quorum at the Annual Meeting and for any action to be taken at the Annual Meeting. If you submit a properly executed proxy via the Internet or by telephone or mail, regardless of whether you abstain from voting on one or more matters, your shares will be counted as present at the Annual Meeting for the purpose of determining a quorum. Broker non-votes will also be counted as present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum at the Annual Meeting.

Proposal 1: If a quorum exists at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required for the election of each director nominee. This majority voting standard means that a director nominee will be elected if the number of shares voted “For” that director nominee exceeds the aggregate number of shares voted “Against” and that “Abstain” from voting with respect to that director nominee. As a result, an abstention will have the same effect as a negative vote. Broker non-votes will not be counted toward the vote total and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. In accordance with our corporate governance guidelines, each of our incumbent directors tendered his resignation in advance of being nominated for election at the Annual Meeting, with the effectiveness of such resignation subject to and contingent upon (a) the director’s failure to receive a sufficient number of votes for re-election at the Annual Meeting and (b) our board of directors’ acceptance of the resignation. Accordingly, the continued service on our board of directors by any director who is not re-elected because he does not receive the requisite affirmative votes at the Annual Meeting will be subject to our board of directors’ determination as to whether to accept or reject his resignation. Our board of directors will take into account and consider the voting results at the Annual Meeting, but has sole discretion to determine whether or not to accept the resignation of any director who does not receive the requisite number of votes for re-election.

Proposal 2: If a quorum exists at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. An abstention will have the same effect as a negative vote. Brokers and other nominees generally will have discretionary authority to vote on this proposal because it is considered a routine matter under NYSE rules; therefore, we do not expect broker non-votes with respect to this proposal.

Proposal 3: If a quorum exists at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to approve

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the Mast Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan. An abstention will have the same effect as a negative vote. Broker non-votes will not be counted toward the vote total and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Voting Agreements

In connection with our acquisition of SynthRx, Inc. in 2011, we and each of the former principal stockholders of SynthRx entered into a stockholders’ voting and transfer restriction agreement (the “SynthRx Voting Agreement”), pursuant to which each stockholder party agreed, with respect to every action or approval by written consent of our stockholders, to vote all shares of our common stock beneficially owned by that stockholder that were issued pursuant to our merger agreement with SynthRx (the “SynthRx Subject Shares”) in such manner as we direct. In addition, each stockholder party granted an irrevocable proxy to us for the term of the SynthRx Voting Agreement, which authorizes our executive officers to vote, or instruct nominees or record holders to vote, as applicable, all SynthRx Subject Shares in such manner as we direct. The SynthRx Voting Agreement terminates upon the transfer, in accordance with that agreement, of all the SynthRx Subject Shares by the stockholder parties and their affiliates to non-affiliates.

In connection with our acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in February 2014, we and each of the former principal stockholders of Aires entered into a stockholder agreement (the “Aires Voting Agreements” and, collectively with the SynthRx Voting Agreement, the “Voting Agreements”), pursuant to which each stockholder party executed and delivered an irrevocable proxy appointing our officers, or other designees, as the sole and exclusive attorneys and proxies to vote and exercise all voting and related rights with respect to each meeting or action by written consent of our stockholders from the effective time of our acquisition of Aires through the 30-month anniversary of the acquisition, or August 2016, covering all of the shares of our common stock issued to the former Aires stockholders in consideration for our acquisition of Aires (the “Aires Subject Shares” and, collectively with the SynthRx Subject Shares, the “Subject Shares”).

As of the record date for the Annual Meeting, 6,284,034 outstanding shares of our common stock are Subject Shares, which represent approximately 3.9% of the shares entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. While the Voting Agreements are in effect, they provide us with voting control over the Subject Shares. All of the Subject Shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of our board of directors with respect to each of the proposals described in this proxy statement. See “— Proxies” above, for a discussion regarding the recommendation of our board of directors with respect to each such proposal.

Solicitation of Proxies

We are soliciting proxies from our stockholders on behalf of our board of directors and will pay for all costs incurred in connection with the solicitation. In addition to solicitation by mail, our directors, officers and employees may solicit proxies from our stockholders in person or by telephone, facsimile, email or other electronic methods without additional compensation other than reimbursement for their actual expenses.

We may retain a proxy solicitation firm to assist us in the solicitation of proxies for the Annual Meeting. We would pay such firm, if any, customary fees, which we do not expect would exceed $20,000, and would reimburse the firm for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses.

Arrangements also will be made with brokerage firms and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for the forwarding of solicitation material to the beneficial owners of stock held of record by such persons, and we will reimburse such custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection therewith.

If You Receive More Than One Proxy Card

If you receive more than one proxy card, it means you hold shares that are registered in more than one account. To ensure that all of your shares are voted, please mark your votes and date, sign and return each proxy card, or vote your proxy via Internet or by telephone as instructed on each proxy card.

Householding Information

The SEC has adopted rules that permit brokers, banks and other nominees to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy statements and annual reports with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single copy of such document addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

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A number of brokers and other nominees with account holders who are our stockholders may be “householding” the proxy materials. This means that only one copy of this proxy statement and our annual report may have been sent to multiple stockholders in a household. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would prefer to receive a separate proxy statement and annual report from the other stockholder(s) sharing your address, please (i) notify your broker or other nominee, (ii) direct your written request to Mast Therapeutics, Inc., 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130, Attn: Corporate Secretary or (iii) contact us by phone at (858) 552-0866. We undertake to deliver promptly, upon any such oral or written request, a separate copy of the proxy materials to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of these documents was delivered. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the proxy materials at their address and would like to request householding of their communications should notify their broker or other nominee, or contact our corporate secretary at the above address or phone number.

If you have any questions about voting your shares, please contact us at (858) 552-0866.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The current members of our board of directors, their ages as of April 17, 2015, the positions they hold, and the month and year in which they commenced service on our board, are as follows:

 

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, provide that each director elected or appointed to our board of directors shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders following such election or appointment and until the director’s successor is elected and qualified, or until the director’s earlier resignation or removal. Our bylaws provide that vacancies on our board of directors, including those resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any director appointed as a result of a vacancy holds office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until a successor is elected and qualified. Pursuant to our bylaws, the authorized number of directors may be not less than three nor more than nine, with the exact number to be fixed by resolutions adopted from time to time by our board of directors. Our board of directors has set the current number of authorized directors at five and has nominated five directors for election at the Annual Meeting.

NOMINEES FOR ELECTION TO THE BOARD

Each of our current directors has been nominated for election to our board of directors. The paragraphs below provide information about each director that includes each director’s principal occupation and business experience during at least the past five years, the names of other publicly held companies at which he currently serves as a director or has served as a director during the past five years, information regarding involvement in certain legal or administrative proceedings during the past ten years, if applicable, and the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led the nominating and governance committee and our board of directors to determine that the person should serve on our board of directors. Dr. Dittrich, who was appointed to our board of directors in June 2014, was recommended to our nominating and governance committee by one of our non-employee directors and our nominating and governance committee recommended his appointment to our board of directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.

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Brian M. Culley, M.A., M.B.A.  Mr. Culley has served as our chief executive officer since February 2010 and as a member of our board of directors since December 2011. He has served as our principal executive officer since February 2009. Previously, from January 2007 to February 2010, he served as our chief business officer and senior vice president, from February 2006 to January 2007, he served as our senior vice president, business development, and, from December 2004 to February 2006, he served as our vice president, business development. From 2002 until 2004, Mr. Culley managed all strategic collaborations and licensing agreements for Immusol, Inc. in San Diego, where his most recent title was director of business development and marketing. From 1999 until 2000, he was a licensing and marketing associate at the University of California, San Diego, department of technology transfer & intellectual property services and from 1996 to 1999, he was a research associate for Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Mr. Culley has more than 20 years of experience in the life science industry. He received a B.S. in biology from Boston College, a masters in biochemistry from the University of California, Santa Barbara and an M.B.A. from The Johnson School of Business at Cornell University. Mr. Culley’s extensive experience with our company and our board of directors’ belief that our chief executive officer should serve on the board of directors, as well as Mr. Culley’s substantial business development experience, leadership skills and scientific background, led our board of directors to conclude that Mr. Culley should serve as a director.

Howard C. Dittrich.  Dr. Dittrich has served as a director since June 2014. A cardiologist with more than 20 years of experience in cardiac therapeutic research and clinical development, Dr. Dittrich currently serves as chief medical officer of Laguna Pharmaceuticals, a privately-held biopharmaceutical company developing a drug to treat atrial fibrillation. He has served as chief medical officer of Laguna Pharmaceuticals (formerly known as ChanRx Corp.) since November 2011, first as a consultant and, since February 2015, as a full-time employee. In addition, Dr. Dittrich is an adjunct professor of medicine at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and serves as chair of the board of directors of the François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine. He also co-founded and serves as chairman of the board of directors of IOWA Approach Inc., a privately-held company developing atrial fibrillation ablation technology. From April 2012 to July 2014, he served as chief medical officer of Sorbent Therapeutics, a privately-held biopharmaceutical company that commenced liquidation proceedings through an assignment for the benefit of creditors under California law in July 2014. Previously, from June 2003 until it was acquired by Merck & Co., Inc. in September 2007, Dr. Dittrich served as chief medical officer and senior vice president of clinical and regulatory affairs of NovaCardia, Inc., a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on cardiovascular diseases, and, from September 2007 to June 2011, he co-founded and served as chief medical officer of Sequel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a privately-held pharmaceutical company spun out from NovaCardia following its acquisition by Merck. Prior to NovaCardia, from 1996 to 2002, Dr. Dittrich held executive positions overseeing clinical development and regulatory affairs at Molecular Biosystems, Inc. and Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. From 1984 to 1996, he was a full-time faculty member of the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and, from 1996 to 2011, he served part-time as clinical professor of medicine at UCSD. Dr. Dittrich holds a B.S. degree from the University of Iowa and an M.D. from the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine. He completed his residency in internal medicine and clinical fellowship in cardiology at UCSD.  We believe that Dr. Dittrich’s extensive medical and pharmaceutical development expertise, including his background in the clinical practice of medicine, clinical research and development, and regulatory affairs and his experience with the successful development of medicinal products provide our board of directors with valuable medical and pharmaceutical development expertise.

Jack Lief.  Mr. Lief has served as a director since September 2006 and as chair of our board of directors since May 2007. Mr. Lief is a co-founder of and, since April 1997, has served as president, chief executive officer and a director of Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel drugs that target G protein-coupled receptors. He also served as chairman of Arena’s board of directors for more than eight years. From 1995 to April 1997, Mr. Lief served as an advisor and consultant to numerous biopharmaceutical organizations. From 1989 to 1994, Mr. Lief served as senior vice president, corporate development and secretary of Cephalon, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. From 1983 to 1989, Mr. Lief served as director of business development and strategic planning for Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, a manufacturer of biological products. Mr. Lief joined Abbott Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company, in 1972, where he served until 1983, most recently as the head of international marketing research. Mr. Lief is an executive board member of BIOCOM, a life science industry association representing more than 650 member companies, service providers and research institutions in Southern California, and he was the chairman of the board of directors of BIOCOM from March 2005 to March 2006. Mr. Lief holds a B.A. from Rutgers University and an M.S. in psychology (experimental and neurobiology) from Lehigh University. Mr. Lief’s extensive and current executive leadership and management experience in biopharmaceutical companies brings to our board of directors the perspective of a leader managing similar drug development, regulatory, commercialization and financing issues as our company. In addition, his over 40 years of experience in the life science industry provides unique insight to our board.

David A. Ramsay.  Mr. Ramsay has served as a director since June 2011. Mr. Ramsay is currently chief financial officer of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company developing and commercializing products targeting the extracellular matrix, a position he has held since May 2013. He previously served as Halozyme’s vice president, corporate development from May 2009 to May 2013. From 2003 to May 2009, he served as Halozyme’s vice president, chief financial officer. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Ramsay was vice president, chief financial officer of Lathian Systems, Inc., a provider of technology-based sales solutions for the life science industry. From 1998 to 2000, he was with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (formerly ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a multinational specialty pharmaceutical company, where he served as vice president, treasurer and

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director, corporate finance. Mr. Ramsay began his career at Deloitte & Touche, where he obtained his CPA license. Mr. Ramsay holds a B.S. in business administration from the University of California, Berkeley and a M.B.A. with a dual major in finance and strategic management from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Ramsay’s significant experience as chief financial officer of life science companies, particularly his experiences at Halozyme during its successful development and its commercialization of its first products, and at a large audit and financial advisory firm, provide our board of directors with valuable financial and accounting perspectives and skills.

Lewis J. Shuster.  Mr. Shuster joined our board of directors in April 2011 immediately following our acquisition of SynthRx, Inc. In 2002, Mr. Shuster founded Shuster Capital, a strategic and operating advisor to and angel investor in life science companies, and has served as its chief executive officer since that time. Since February 2014, Mr. Shuster has served as executive chairman of TissueNetix, Inc., a privately held company he co-founded that is developing novel tools for medical and drug discovery research applications. From June 2003 to November 2007, Mr. Shuster served as chief executive officer of Kemia, Inc., a drug discovery and development company. From February 2000 to December 2001, Mr. Shuster held various operating executive positions at Invitrogen Corporation, a biotechnology company that merged with Applied Biosystems Inc. and became Life Technologies Corporation. Between 1994 and 1999, Mr. Shuster served as chief financial officer and executive vice president corporate development of Pharmacopeia, Inc., a drug discovery product and service company, and also as president and chief operating officer of Pharmacopeia Labs, a division of Pharmacopeia, Inc. Mr. Shuster joined Human Genome Sciences, Inc. as its first employee in September 1992 and served as its executive vice president, operations and finance until 1994. Mr. Shuster currently serves as chairman of the board of directors of Response Biomedical Corporation, a company that develops, manufactures and markets diagnostic tools for clinical, biodefense and environmental applications, and as a member of the board of directors of HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., a company that develops and markets technologies to facilitate molecular profiling. From April 2010 to March 2013, he served as a director of Complete Genomics, Inc., a life science company, and, from September 2009 to February 2010, as a director of Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Shuster received a B.A. in economics from Swarthmore College and an M.B.A. from Stanford University. Mr. Shuster’s extensive executive background in strategic planning and managing rapid operations growth for multiple public and private life science companies and his service on boards of other companies in our industry provides our board of directors with perspective and expertise in evaluating and managing the operational and financial challenges and opportunities we may face as we grow our company.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Director Independence

Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Dittrich, Lief, Ramsay and Shuster, is an “independent director” as such term is defined in Section 803(A)(2) of the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide.

Board Committees

Our board of directors currently has a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and governance committee.

Audit Committee.  The audit committee currently consists of Mr. Ramsay (chair), Mr. Lief and Mr. Shuster. The composition of the audit committee was the same during 2014. Our board of directors has determined that each member of the audit committee is an independent director under Section 803(A)(2) of the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide and meets the applicable additional eligibility standards for audit committee service under Section 803(B)(2) of the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Mr. Ramsay qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The primary purpose of the audit committee is to oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes, including our internal controls system, and audits of our financial statements. The audit committee’s responsibilities include: appointing and providing for the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm to be engaged to prepare and issue an audit report and perform other audit, review or attest services for our company; approving any other permissible non-audit services to be provided to us by the independent auditor; overseeing the work and evaluating the performance of the independent auditor, and, if so determined by the audit committee, terminating and replacing the independent auditor; reviewing and discussing, including with management and the independent auditor, our annual and quarterly financial statements; reviewing any proposed significant changes to our accounting principles and practices; reviewing any material changes to our system of internal control over financial reporting; reviewing management’s report on effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, if applicable, our independent auditor’s audit of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; establishing a procedure for receipt, retention and treatment of any complaints or concerns received by us about our accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters; reviewing, approving and overseeing any related party transaction that would require disclosure pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K; overseeing the implementation and enforcement of our insider trading policy; and reviewing and evaluating any significant financial risk exposures facing our company

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and the steps our management has taken to control and monitor such exposures. The audit committee is governed by a written charter approved by our board of directors.

Compensation Committee.  The compensation committee currently consists of Mr. Lief (chair), Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Shuster. The composition of the compensation committee was the same during 2014. Our board of directors has determined that each member of the compensation committee is an independent director under Section 803(A)(2) of the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide. The compensation committee reviews, approves and administers compensation arrangements for our executive officers, administers our equity-based compensation plans, establishes and reviews general policies relating to the compensation and benefits of our executive officers and other personnel, evaluates the relationship between executive officer compensation policies and practices and corporate risk management to confirm those policies and practices do not incentivize excessive risk-taking, and evaluates and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding the compensation of our non-employee directors. The compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, select, retain, obtain the advice of, engage, compensate and terminate compensation consultants, legal counsel and such other advisors as it deems necessary and advisable to assist it in carrying out its responsibilities and functions. The compensation committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any of its compensation consultants, legal counsel and other advisors. We are required to provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the compensation committee, for payment of reasonable compensation to any compensation consultant, legal counsel and other advisor retained by the compensation committee. To the extent required by the listing standards of the national securities exchange on which our common stock is then principally listed, before selecting or receiving advice from any compensation consultant, legal counsel or other advisor, the compensation committee must conduct an independence assessment in accordance with the rules of such national securities exchange. In addition, with regard to any compensation consultant identified in response to Item 407(e)(3)(iii) of Regulation S-K, the compensation committee must assess whether the work of such compensation consultant has raised any conflict of interest, taking into consideration all relevant factors, including the factors listed in Rule 10C-1(b)(4)(i) through (vi) under the Exchange Act. The compensation committee is governed by a written charter approved by our board of directors.

Nominating and Governance Committee.  The nominating and governance committee currently consists of Mr. Shuster (chair), Mr. Lief and Mr. Ramsay. The composition of the nominating and governance committee was the same during 2014. Our board of directors has determined that each member of the nominating and governance committee is an independent director under Section 803(A)(2) of the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide. The nominating and governance committee’s responsibilities include identifying, evaluating and recommending to our board of directors nominees for possible election to our board of directors, evaluating and making recommendations to our board of directors regarding its size, composition and leadership structure, reviewing and assessing our corporate governance guidelines and recommending any proposed changes thereto to our board of directors, reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors regarding issues of executive officer succession planning and providing oversight with respect to corporate governance matters. The nominating and governance committee is governed by a written charter approved by our board of directors.

Charters for the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating and governance committee, as well as our corporate governance guidelines, are posted on our corporate website at: www.masttherapeutics.com.

Meetings of the Board and its Committees

As required under NYSE MKT listing standards and our corporate governance guidelines, our board of directors meets on a regular basis as often as necessary to fulfill its responsibilities, including at least once each quarter, and our independent directors meet at least annually in executive session outside the presence of non-independent directors and management. During 2014, our board of directors met nine times, the audit committee met four times, the compensation committee met three times and the nominating and governance committee met three times. In addition, the board of directors established a special pricing committee in the fourth quarter of 2014 and that committee met twice during 2014. Each member of our board of directors nominated for election at the Annual Meeting who served on our board during all or part of 2014 attended 75% or more of the aggregate of (i) the total number of board meetings held during the period of such member’s service and (ii) the total number of meetings of committees on which such member served during the period of such member’s service.

Procedures for Determining Executive and Director Compensation

The compensation committee was formed to, among other things, assist our board of directors in the discharge of its responsibilities with respect to compensation of our executive officers and non-employee directors. In accordance with its charter, the compensation committee has authority to determine the amount, form and terms of compensation of our chief executive officer and other officers (as such term is defined in the NYSE MKT LLC Company Guide), and to take such action, and to direct us to take such action, as it deems necessary or advisable to compensate our chief executive officer and other officers in a manner consistent with its determinations, and shall deliberate and vote on all such actions outside the presence of our chief executive officer and other officers. The compensation committee is responsible for reviewing, at least annually, the performance of our chief executive officer

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and other officers, including in light of any goals and objectives established for such performance, and, in light of such review, determining each officer’s compensation.

In accordance with its charter, the compensation committee also has authority to establish our general compensation policies and practices and to administer plans and arrangements established pursuant to such policies and practices. In addition, the compensation committee has authority to administer our equity compensation plans, including, without limitation, to recommend the adoption of such plans, recommend the reservation of shares of our common stock for issuance thereunder, amend and interpret such plans and the awards and agreements issued pursuant thereto, and make awards to eligible persons under the plans and determine the terms of such awards, including any such awards to our chief executive officer and other officers.

With respect to non-employee director compensation, the compensation committee reviews such compensation practices and policies at least annually and makes a recommendation to our board of directors as to the amount, form and terms of non-employee director compensation. Our board of directors, taking the compensation committee’s recommendation into consideration, sets the amount, form and terms of non-employee director compensation.

Except with respect to its responsibilities regarding setting compensation for our chief executive officer and our other officers, the compensation committee may delegate its authority to individual members of the compensation committee or other members of our board of directors. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law and regulations, the compensation committee may delegate to one or more of our officers (or other appropriate supervisory personnel) the authority to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance units to our employees (who are not officers or members of our board of directors), including employees of any of our subsidiaries; provided, however that (a) the number of shares of our common stock underlying such options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance units are consistent with guidelines previously approved by the compensation committee; (b) the per-share exercise or purchase price of such awards equals the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant; and (c) the vesting and other terms that apply to such awards are the same terms as apply under our standard form of agreement under the applicable equity compensation plan, provided that such officer(s) may, in such officer(s)’ discretion, grant awards that are fully vested on the date of grant of the award or grant awards with more restrictive vesting requirements.  However, our board of directors has determined that it’s in the best interests of our company that the board of directors administer our 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan, should it be approved by our stockholders, except to the extent our board of directors delegates its authority to the compensation committee or another committee formed or approved by the board of directors.  Consequently, if the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan is approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting, the compensation committee will not have authority to grant awards under that plan, except to the extent so authorized by the board of directors.  For more information regarding the terms of the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan, see Proposal 3 below.

With respect to executive officer compensation, the compensation committee met once during the fourth quarter of 2013 and once during the first quarter of 2014 to review and evaluate 2013 performance and set 2014 compensation for our executive officers, including our chief executive officer and our other officers who are our “named executive officers.” At those meetings, the compensation committee determined the components of 2014 compensation of our executive officers, set base salaries, granted stock option awards, and approved cash awards under the short-term incentive plan adopted by the compensation committee in February 2013. Additionally, the compensation committee met and adopted a short-term incentive plan for 2014 and corporate objectives under that plan in June 2014. At meetings held in the fourth quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, the compensation committee reviewed and evaluated 2014 performance, approved cash awards under the short-term incentive plan for 2014 and set 2015 compensation for our executive officers. For details regarding the compensation of Mr. Culley and our other named executive officers, see “Executive Officer Compensation” below.

In setting the compensation of our executive officers, the compensation committee takes into consideration the recommendations of Mr. Culley and, until his departure in February 2015, Patrick Keran, our former president and chief operating officer, who present the compensation committee with assessments of the performance of our company and individual officers, including against pre-established corporate goals, and proposals for executive officer compensation packages. Mr. Culley and, previously, together with Mr. Keran, also make proposals regarding the terms of long-term equity incentive plans, in which all of our employees and directors are eligible to participate, and goals under our short-term executive incentive plans. From time to time, other executive officers are invited to make presentations or provide financial or other information to the compensation committee to assist it in setting and assessing the achievement of corporate goals and reviewing other aspects of executive compensation. The compensation committee typically meets in executive session following presentations by management. While Mr. Culley and, previously, Mr. Keran may be present during the compensation committee’s deliberation and determination of other executive officers’ compensation, they are not present during the compensation committee’s deliberation and determination of their compensation. The compensation committee’s decisions are made by the compensation committee in its sole discretion.

For several years, management has utilized the compensation consulting firm, Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc. (“FW Cook”), to provide advice regarding executive officer and director compensation practices and programs. FW Cook has not been engaged to conduct a review and evaluation of our executive officer or director compensation program as a whole in any of the prior three fiscal

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years. Rather, in light of FW Cook’s familiarity with our company and industry, from time to time, our management contacts FW Cook with specific questions in order to assist management in providing information and making recommendations to the compensation committee regarding executive officer and non-employee director compensation. In addition, FW Cook provides advice to management regarding the terms our broad-based equity incentive plans, including our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which was approved by our stockholders in June 2014. Neither FW Cook nor any of its affiliates provided any services to us in 2014 apart from those described above. The compensation committee has conducted a conflict of interest assessment, which included taking into consideration the factors set forth in Rule 10C-1(b)(4) under the Exchange Act, and concluded that FW Cook’s work has not raised any conflict of interest.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Our leadership is structured such that the chair of our board of directors and chief executive officer positions are separated. Mr. Lief, an independent director, has served as chair of our board of directors since May 2007. We believe having an independent chair of our board of directors with extensive executive experience in the life science industry has provided our board of directors with experienced and independent leadership that enhances the effectiveness of our board of directors as a whole. Our corporate governance guidelines do not require our board of directors to choose an independent chair or to separate the roles of chair and chief executive officer, but our board of directors believes this leadership structure is the appropriate structure for our company at this time. Pursuant to our corporate governance guidelines, our board of directors may choose its chair in any manner that it deems to be in the best interests of our company. If, in the future, the chair of our board of directors is not an independent director, our board of directors may designate an independent director to serve as a lead independent director, with the responsibilities specified in our corporate governance guidelines.

Our board of directors is responsible for oversight of risks facing our company, while our management is responsible for day-to-day management of risk. Our board of directors, as a whole, directly administers its risk oversight function. In addition, the risk oversight function is also administered through the standing committees of our board of directors, which oversee risks inherent in their respective areas of responsibility, reporting to our board of directors regularly and involving our board of directors as necessary. For example, the audit committee oversees our financial exposure and financial reporting related risks, and the compensation committee oversees risks related to our compensation programs and practices. Our board of directors as a whole directly oversees our strategic and business risk, including product development risk, through regular interactions with our management and, from time-to-time, input from independent advisors. We believe our board’s leadership structure supports its role in risk oversight, with our executive officers responsible for assessing and managing risks facing our company on a day-to-day basis and the chair and other members of our board of directors providing oversight of such risk management.

Director Resignation Policy

Under Delaware law, an incumbent director may remain in office notwithstanding the failure to receive the required vote for re-election until the director’s successor is duly elected. To address this “holdover rule,” our corporate governance guidelines include a director resignation policy whereby our board of directors will nominate for re-election only those directors who tender an irrevocable, contingent resignation in writing to the chair of our board. The resignation becomes effective only if (a) the director fails to receive a sufficient number of votes for re-election at a meeting of stockholders at which director elections are held and (b) our board of directors accepts the resignation. If a director fails to receive the required vote for re-election, the nominating and governance committee, or such other committee designated by our board of directors, which we refer to as the “reviewing committee,” will act promptly to consider the director’s resignation and recommend to the full board of directors whether to accept or reject the resignation, or whether other action should be taken. Our board of directors expects the director whose resignation is under consideration to abstain from participating in any decision regarding that resignation. In considering whether to accept or reject a director’s resignation, each of the reviewing committee and our board of directors may consider any factors it deems relevant. Within 90 days after the date of the certification of the election results for the applicable stockholders’ meeting, our board of directors will act on the resignation, taking into account the reviewing committee’s recommendation, and publicly disclose its decision.

Prohibition on Hedging and Speculative Transactions Involving our Securities

As part of our insider trading policy, our directors and employees (including our executive officers) and designated consultants, advisors and contractors to our company are prohibited from engaging in speculative transactions involving our securities, including short sales, “sales against the box” or any equivalent transaction involving our securities (or the securities of any of our customers, vendors, suppliers or other business partners). In addition, as part of our insider trading policy, our directors, officers and other specified employees of and consultants, advisors and contractors to our company are prohibited from engaging in hedging or derivative transactions involving our securities, such as “cashless” collars, forward sales, equity swaps and other similar or related transactions, and all other employees and persons subject to the policy are discouraged from engaging in such transactions and required to pre-clear any such proposed transaction with the compliance officer for our insider trading policy. Further, our insider trading policy states that we recommend that our directors and employees (including our executive officers) and other persons

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subject to the policy not hypothecate or pledge our securities to secure a loan and that they not purchase our securities “on margin” (that is, borrow funds to purchase securities, including in connection with exercising any stock options), and requires that our directors, officers and other specified employees of and consultants, advisors and contractors to our company pre-clear any proposed margin transaction involving our securities with the compliance officer for our insider trading policy.

DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS

Criteria for Board Membership

In recommending candidates for appointment or election to our board of directors, the nominating and governance committee considers the appropriate balance of experience, skills and characteristics required of our board of directors, and seeks to insure that at least a majority of the directors are independent under NYSE MKT listing standards, that members of the audit committee meet the financial literacy and sophistication requirements under NYSE MKT listing standards and that at least one of member of the audit committee qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under SEC rules. Nominees for director are selected on the basis of their depth and breadth of experience, wisdom, integrity, ability to make independent analytical inquiries, understanding of our business environment, willingness to devote adequate time to board duties, the interplay of the nominee’s experience and skills with those of other directors and the extent to which the nominee would be a desirable addition to our board of directors and any of its committees. Directors generally will not be nominated for re-election at any annual or special meeting held after their 75th birthday. In addition, our corporate governance guidelines require that our directors limit their service on boards of directors of public companies to a total of four (including service on our board of directors). Other than the foregoing, there are no stated minimum criteria for director nominees, although the nominating and governance committee may also consider such other factors as it may deem are in the best interests of our company and our stockholders. The nominating and governance committee does not have a policy regarding board diversity, but it takes diversity of professional experience and perspective within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries into account in identifying and selecting director nominees.

Stockholder Recommendations

The nominating and governance committee will consider qualified candidates for director suggested by stockholders by applying the criteria for board membership described above. Stockholders wishing to suggest a qualified director candidate for review and consideration by the nominating and governance committee must provide a written statement to our corporate secretary that includes the following information: a statement that the proposing stockholder is recommending a candidate for consideration by the nominating and governance committee; the name, age, business address and residence address of the proposed nominee; a statement of the proposed nominee’s business experience and educational background; the proposed nominee’s principal occupation or employment; the class and number of shares of our capital stock beneficially owned by the proposed nominee; a detailed description of all relationships, arrangements or understandings between the proposing stockholder and the proposed nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which such proposed nomination is being made by the stockholder; a detailed description of all relationships, arrangements or understandings between the proposed nominee and any service-provider or supplier to, or competitor of, our company; information regarding each of the criteria for board membership described above in sufficient detail to allow the nominating and governance committee to evaluate the proposed nominee; and a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to be considered and willing to serve as a director if nominated and elected. The proposing stockholder must also include the following information with respect to such stockholder: documentation supporting that the proposing stockholder is a stockholder of our company; the proposing stockholder’s name and address, as they appear on our books; and the class and number of shares of our capital stock beneficially owned by the proposing stockholder. If a stockholder submits a director recommendation in compliance with the procedure described above, the nominating and governance committee will conduct an initial evaluation of the proposed nominee and, if it determines the proposed nominee may be a qualified candidate, the nominating and governance committee and one or more members of our management team will interview the proposed nominee to determine whether he or she might be suitable to be a director. If the nominating and governance committee determines the proposed nominee would be a valuable addition to our board of directors, based on the criteria for board membership described above and our board of directors’ specific needs at the time, it will recommend to our board of directors such person’s nomination. In connection with its evaluation, the nominating and governance committee may request additional information from the proposed nominee and/or the proposing stockholder.

Separately, our bylaws contain provisions that address the process by which a stockholder may nominate an individual to stand for election to our board of directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Such nominations may be made only if the stockholder has given timely written notice to our corporate secretary containing the information required by our bylaws. To be timely, such notice must be received at our principal executive offices not earlier than the 120th day, nor later than the close of business on the 90th day, prior to the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting as first specified in our notice of meeting (without regard to any postponements or adjournments of such meeting after such notice was first sent), except that if no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days earlier or later than such anniversary

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date, such notice must be received not earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of such annual meeting or the 10th day following the date on which we first publicly announce the date of such meeting.

Process for Identifying and Evaluating Nominees

Each year before recommending to our board of directors a slate of nominees for director, the nominating and governance committee considers each incumbent director’s performance on our board of directors and whether the incumbent director’s nomination would be consistent with the criteria for board membership described above and other guidelines included in our corporate governance guidelines, including ensuring that the composition of our board of directors is such that it maintains an openness to new ideas and a willingness to critically re-examine the status quo. In the ordinary course, absent special circumstances or a material change in the criteria for board membership, the nominating and governance committee will recommend for nomination incumbent directors with skills and experience that are relevant to our business and who are willing to continue in service. If an incumbent director is not willing to stand for re-election, or if a vacancy on our board of directors occurs between annual stockholder meetings and our board of directors determines to fill such vacancy, the nominating and governance committee will identify the desired skills and experience of a new nominee based on the criteria for board membership described above and any specific needs of our board of directors at the time. The nominating and governance committee will then seek suggestions from other members of our board of directors and our management team as to individuals meeting such criteria. Potential nominees will be selected based on input from members of our board of directors, our management team and, if the nominating and governance committee deems appropriate, a third-party search firm. The nominating and governance committee will evaluate each potential nominee’s qualifications and check relevant references. In addition, such individuals will be interviewed by at least one member of the nominating and governance committee. Following this process, the nominating and governance committee will determine whether to recommend to our board of directors that a potential nominee be presented as a nominee for election by the stockholders or appointed to fill a vacancy on our board of directors, as the case may be. Historically, our board of directors nominates for election at our annual stockholder meetings the individuals recommended by the nominating and governance committee.

COMMUNICATIONS WITH DIRECTORS

Stockholders who wish to communicate with our board of directors or an individual director may do so by sending a written communication addressed to the board or an individual director to: Mast Therapeutics, Inc., Attn: Investor Relations, 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130. Submitting stockholders should indicate they are a stockholder of our company. Depending on the subject matter, investor relations will: forward the inquiry to the chair of our board of directors, who may forward the inquiry to a particular director if the inquiry is addressed to a particular director; forward the inquiry to the appropriate personnel within our company (for instance, if it is primarily commercial in nature); attempt to handle the inquiry directly (for instance, if it is a request for information about our company or a stock-related matter); or not forward the inquiry, if it relates to an improper or inappropriate topic or is otherwise irrelevant.

Any stockholder who wishes to communicate with our board of directors to report complaints or concerns related to accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing may submit a report telephonically or through a web-based system via the toll-free telephone number or the internet address provided in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is available on our corporate website at www.masttherapeutics.com.

We encourage all of our directors to attend our annual meetings of stockholders. Mr. Lief, Mr. Culley and Mr. Ramsay attended our 2014 annual meeting of stockholders.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Our executive officers, their ages and positions held as of April 17, 2015, are as follows:

 

Biographical Information of Executive Officers

Set forth below is biographical information regarding each of our executive officers, other than Mr. Culley. For biographical information regarding Mr. Culley, see “Nominees for Election to the Board” above.

Edwin L. Parsley, D.O.  Dr. Parsley has served as our chief medical officer and senior vice president since October 2014. He served as our interim chief medical officer in September 2014 and has served as chief medical officer of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc., since we acquired Aires in February 2014. Prior to the acquisition, he had served as chief medical officer of Aires since April 2011. Dr. Parsley joined Aires from Pfizer where he oversaw clinical trials for Revatio® (sildenafil) and consulted across molecules in Pfizer’s pulmonary vascular disease portfolio on clinical trial design, conduct and data interpretation from January 2010 to April 2011. Prior to Pfizer, from January 2009 to September 2009, Dr. Parsley worked at CSL Biotherapies as its pulmonary hypertension medical science specialist and, from 2006 to December 2008, at Encysive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. where he most recently served as its executive director for global medical affairs and drug safety, developing endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, renal failure and resistant hypertension. Dr. Parsley is a practicing physician and certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in internal medicine, pulmonary disease, critical care medicine and sleep medicine. He earned his D.O. from Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and a B.S. Pharmacy from Southwestern Oklahoma State University. Prior to joining industry, Dr. Parsley was an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston and a medical director of Medical Intensive Care and Respiratory Therapy Services at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, where he had an active inpatient care and office practice with focus on pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis research. He also worked in the emergency department at Lyndon B. Johnson Hospital, a Harris County Hospital District facility in Houston. In the course of his practice, Dr. Parsley treated patients with a range of acute care needs, including patients with sickle cell disease, heart failure and stroke.

Brandi L. Roberts, C.P.A., M.B.A.  Ms. Roberts joined our company in March 2011 and currently serves as our chief financial officer and senior vice president. She previously served as our vice president, finance from March 2011 to January 2013 and from June 2008 to January 2009. From January 2009 to March 2011, Ms. Roberts served as vice president, accounting and corporate controller of Alphatec Spine, Inc., the wholly-owned operating subsidiary of Alphatec Holdings, Inc., a medical technology company listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market where she was responsible for managing all accounting activities, including SEC reporting and compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements. From June 2007 to June 2008, Ms. Roberts served as executive director, corporate controller of Artes Medical, Inc., a publicly traded medical technology company, and from September 2005 to June 2007, she served as director, finance of Stratagene Corporation, a publicly traded life science company acquired by Agilent Technologies, Inc. in June 2007. Ms. Roberts’ experience also includes seven years at Pfizer’s laboratories in La Jolla, California (formerly Agouron), most recently as director, finance, and three years with the public accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. She is a certified public accountant with the State of California. Ms. Roberts received a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Arizona and an M.B.A. from the University of San Diego.

R. Martin Emanuele, Ph.D., M.B.A.  Dr. Emanuele has served as our senior vice president, development since he joined our company in April 2011 following our acquisition of SynthRx, Inc., which he co-founded. Previously, from April 2010 to April 2011, Dr. Emanuele was vice president, pharmaceutical strategy at DaVita, Inc., a FORTUNE 500® company and leading provider of kidney care in the United States. Dr. Emanuele’s responsibilities while at DaVita focused on evaluating business opportunities related to emerging renal therapeutics, biomarkers and diagnostics. Prior to DaVita, from June 2008 to April 2010, Dr. Emanuele provided consulting services to a range of life science companies regarding corporate partnering and business development. From November 2006 to May 2008, Dr. Emanuele was senior vice president, business development at Kemia, Inc., a venture-backed privately-held company focused on discovering and developing small molecule therapeutics. From 2002 to 2006, Dr. Emanuele held various senior-level positions with Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., most recently as vice president, business development and portfolio management, and from 1988 to 2002, Dr. Emanuele held positions of increasing responsibility at CytRx Corporation, most recently as vice president, research and business development. He earned a Ph.D. in pharmacology and experimental therapeutics from Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine and a B.S. in biology from Colorado State University. He also holds an M.B.A. with an emphasis in healthcare and pharmaceutical management from the University of Colorado.

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Gregory D. Gorgas, M.B.A.  Mr. Gorgas joined our company in July 2011 as our senior vice president, commercial. He has more than 28 years of commercial experience in the life science industry, including more than 10 years at IDEC Pharmaceuticals and its successor, Biogen Idec, Inc.  Prior to joining our company, from November 2009 to July 2011, Mr. Gorgas was managing director at Theragence, Inc., a privately-held company he co-founded, that applies proprietary computational intelligence to analyze clinical data. From November 2008 to July 2011, Mr. Gorgas also served as an independent consultant, providing commercial and business development consulting services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. From 1997 to October 2008, Mr. Gorgas held positions of increasing responsibility with Biogen Idec Inc., a publicly held biotechnology company that develops therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, hemophilia and autoimmune disorders. Most recently, from March 2006 to October 2008, Mr. Gorgas served as senior director, global and U.S. marketing at Biogen Idec, where he was responsible for the strategic vision and operational commercialization of the company’s worldwide cancer business, and, prior to such time, he had responsibilities in sales, commercial operations and project team and alliance management. Prior to Biogen Idec, he held sales and manager positions with Chiron Corporation, Cetus Corporation and The Upjohn Company. Mr. Gorgas holds an M.B.A. from the University of Phoenix and a B.A. in economics from California State University, Northridge.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 17, 2015 (the “Evaluation Date”), or an earlier date for information based on filings with the SEC, by (a) each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (b) each director and nominee for director, (c) each of the named executive officers listed in the compensation tables included in this proxy statement, and (d) all of our current directors and executive officers as a group. The information in this table is based solely on statements in filings with the SEC or other reliable information. Percent of beneficial ownership is based on 159,628,062 shares of our common stock outstanding as of the Evaluation Date. The information in this table reflects the proportionate adjustments made to stock options exercisable for our common stock that we issued prior to the 1-for-25 reverse split of our common stock effected on April 23, 2010.

 

 

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Our audit committee’s charter requires that it reviews and approves any proposed related-party transaction that would require disclosure pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.  If the audit committee approves a related-party transaction, it will regularly review the status of the transaction and any proposed material change to the previously approved terms or conditions.  

Other than the following transactions and the transactions described under “Executive Officer Compensation” and “Director Compensation” below, since January 1, 2013, there has not been, nor currently are there proposed, any transactions or series of similar transactions in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, which is approximately $628,750, and in which any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our common stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Consulting and Employment Arrangements between Aires Pharmaceuticals and Edwin Parsley

Immediately prior to completion of our acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in February 2014, Dr. Parsley’s employment with Aires was terminated.  After completion of the acquisition, Aires, then our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a consulting agreement with Dr. Parsley whereby he agreed to provide certain services to Aires, including serving as its chief medical officer, through June 2014.  Subsequently, on July 1, 2014, Dr. Parsley became a temporary employee of Aires, serving as its chief medical officer.  In September 2014, Dr. Parsley was appointed by our board of directors as Mast’s interim chief medical officer and, as of October 1, 2014, pursuant to terms approved by our board of directors, Dr. Parsley commenced full-time employment with Mast as our chief medical officer and senior vice president.  

Pursuant to Aires’ post-acquisition consulting agreement with Dr. Parsley, for services rendered from February through June 2014, Dr. Parsley earned an aggregate of $108,290 in consulting fees and reimbursement for travel and lodging-related expenses.  Pursuant to the terms of his temporary employment with Aires, Dr. Parsley earned an aggregate of $30,058 from July through September 2014, consisting of his salary and reimbursement for certain travel and lodging-related costs incurred in commuting between his home in Houston, Texas and our offices in San Diego, California.  In addition, pursuant to his pre-acquisition employment agreement with Aires, from February through September 2014, Dr. Parsley received an aggregate of $5,456 in reimbursement of costs from Aires to continue his healthcare insurance coverage pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended (COBRA).

SynthRx Acquisition — Issuance of Milestone Shares

We acquired SynthRx, Inc. in April 2011. The merger agreement pursuant to which we acquired SynthRx provided that the former stockholders of SynthRx would receive, for no additional consideration, additional shares of our common stock upon achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones related to SynthRx’s lead product candidate, which we refer to as MST-188. The first of the three milestones in the merger agreement was achieved in May 2013 and, as a result, we issued an aggregate of 250,000 shares of our common stock to the former stockholders of SynthRx. Dr. Emanuele, our senior vice president, development, was a former stockholder of SynthRx and we issued 52,543 of such shares to him.

Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, each as amended, provide that we will indemnify each of our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Further, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers, and we have purchased directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment under certain circumstances.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock, to file reports of securities ownership and changes in such ownership with the SEC. Our officers and directors and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock also are required by rules promulgated by the SEC to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations from our directors and executive officers, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were timely met during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2014 regarding equity compensation plans previously approved by our stockholders. We do not have any equity compensation plans that have not been approved by our stockholders. All share and per share information included in this table reflects retrospective application of the 1-for-25 reverse split of our outstanding common stock effected on April 23, 2010.

 

 

 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

We qualify as a “smaller reporting company” and have elected to comply with the scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules.  Accordingly, the information provided in this section does not include all of the information required of larger companies. For example, the overview below of our executive compensation program is not intended to meet the compensation discussion and analysis requirements applicable to non-smaller reporting companies.

Overview

Our executive compensation program is intended to enable us to attract and retain qualified executive officers and to align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by incentivizing and rewarding achievement of business objectives that we believe will enhance the value of our company and by promoting commitment to long-term success. The primary components of our executive compensation program are base salary, annual performance-based cash incentives, and stock option awards. Executive compensation is determined by our compensation committee, which consists entirely of independent directors.

As a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, we are focused on advancing our product candidates through clinical studies and other development activities and seeking approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to commercialize them, and we expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses for the next several years. As such, the compensation committee evaluates corporate performance principally based on progress with product development and not on financial metrics. However, our annual performance objectives also typically include the maintenance of a specified level of capital. In 2014, our primary focus was advancing our vepoloxamer (MST-188) programs in sickle cell disease, arterial disease (in combination with thrombolytics) and heart failure, including enrollment in EPIC, our pivotal Phase 3 study of vepoloxamer in sickle cell disease, and in our Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer in acute limb ischemia.  Accordingly, the performance objectives under our annual executive incentive plan were predominantly related to development of vepoloxamer. However, performance objectives related to advancing Phase 2 clinical development of AIR001, a program that was added to our pipeline through our acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in February 2014, also were included.

In setting the compensation of our executive officers, the compensation committee evaluates whether the compensation program encourages excessive risk-taking and the attributes of our executive compensation policies and practices that mitigate excessive risk-taking. The risk-mitigating factors considered by the compensation committee include:

For 2014, our “named executive officers,” or NEOs, were Brian Culley, our chief executive officer, Patrick Keran, our former president and chief operating officer, Santosh Vetticaden, our former chief medical officer and senior vice president, and R. Martin Emanuele, our senior vice president, development.  Below is an overview of the components of their 2014 compensation.  Mr. Keran’s and Dr. Vetticaden’s employment with us concluded in February 2015 and September 2014, respectively.  

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Base Salary

The purpose of the base salary component of our NEOs’ compensation is to provide a level of income that allows us to attract and retain executive talent and mitigates pressure to focus on stock price performance to the detriment of other important aspects of our business. In 2014, the base salaries of Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran, Dr. Vetticaden and Dr. Emanuele were $405,000, $399,500, $360,500 and $300,000, respectively.

In January 2015, our compensation committee approved an approximately 3.5% increase to our NEOs’ base salaries relative to their 2014 base salaries.  Therefore, effective January 1, 2015, the base salaries of Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran and Dr. Emanuele were $419,175, $413,500 and $310,500, respectively.

Annual Performance-Based Cash Incentives

Our annual performance-based incentive plans are designed to motivate our executive officers to achieve near-term goals intended to enhance the long-term value of our company.  In June 2014, our compensation committee approved the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan, pursuant to which executive officers were eligible for incentive awards, generally payable in cash, based on achievement of corporate and, potentially, individual performance objectives. Under the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan, each participant was assigned an incentive target that was expressed either as a specific dollar amount or as a percentage of annual base salary, and the participant’s actual incentive award would be based on the level of achievement of the corporate objectives approved by the compensation committee and, if applicable, individual objectives approved by the chair of the compensation committee. The corporate objectives, which were set by the compensation committee at the time it adopted the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan, were applicable to all participants in order to align the interests of all our executive officers with one another and with our stockholders. To the extent individual objectives were adopted for a participant, that participant’s award would be based 25% on the participant’s achievement of individual objectives and 75% on the corporate objectives.  For 2014, no individual objectives were adopted and awards for all executives were based entirely (100%) on achievement of corporate objectives. The following table lists the NEOs and their incentive targets under the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan:

 

 

*Percentage of the officer’s base salary.

Under the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan, the compensation committee had discretion to grant an incentive award that was less than the incentive target if it determined performance partially met objectives or was less than acceptable, and to grant an incentive award that exceeded the incentive target if it determined performance exceeded objectives or was excellent in view of prevailing conditions. Pursuant to the plan, in evaluating performance, the compensation committee was to consider the achievement of objectives, the degree to which performance exceeded the objective or an objective was partially achieved, the quality of achievement of partially achieved objectives, the degree of difficulty in achieving an objective, conditions that affected the ability to achieve objectives and such other factors as it determined appropriate.

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As discussed above, because we are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, our compensation committee typically focuses on progress with product development in setting corporate objectives and determining actual award amounts under our annual incentive plans. The corporate objectives for the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan involved achieving research and development-related objectives for vepoloxamer and AIR001 during 2014 and achieving a specified level of capital at year-end. The corporate objectives under the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan and the compensation committee’s assessment of achievement of such objectives are summarized below:

 

 

In determining the amounts of awards under the 2014 Executive Incentive Plan, the compensation committee considered the weighting associated with each objective, whether the objective had been met within the targeted timeframe, the degree and quality of performance for partially achieved objectives, and the rationales as to why particular objectives were partially achieved or not achieved during the year. The compensation committee determined to award approximately 93.6% of their incentive targets, or $189,591, to each of Messrs. Culley and Keran and $84,263 to Dr. Emanuele.  Dr. Vetticaden’s employment ended in September 2014 and he did not receive any performance-based incentive award for 2014.

Stock Option Awards

We typically grant stock option awards to our employees, including our executive officers, with multi-year, time-based vesting. In 2014 and 2013, all option awards were granted under our stockholder-approved plans that do not permit repricing or exercise prices below 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant (i.e., the closing sale price of our common stock on the NYSE MKT on the date of grant). Stock options granted to employees who have been employed by us for more than one year as of the grant date generally vest monthly over four years after the date of grant. Stock options granted to new employees generally vest monthly over four years after a one-year anniversary “cliff” vesting of 25% of their option grant.  All option awards typically have a 10-year term. Because stock options are valuable only if our stock price is greater when the option is exercised than it was at the time the option was granted, we believe these equity awards promote a long-term perspective on corporate success and directly incentivize our NEOs to build long-term value. The multi-year vesting feature and 10-year term also foster employee retention.

Employee stock option awards typically are granted twice a year.  Our compensation committee believes that granting option awards twice a year, rather than once a year, better serves their intended retention and motivational purposes, and transitioned to a twice-yearly schedule in 2013.  Employee option awards generally are granted around the beginning of the year (January) and around the time of our annual meeting of stockholders (June), with the size of each semi-annual award generally equal to one-half of the amount that would have been granted on a once-per-year schedule.

Since 2010, we generally have used what we refer to as a “carried interest” framework to determine the size of stock option awards for all of our employees, including our NEOs. The target carried interest for each employee, expressed as a percentage that we refer to as the carried interest percentage (“CIP”), refers to the targeted ownership stake in our company that the employee is expected to achieve over time, typically over four years. The CIP is then translated into a share number by multiplying it by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock, on an adjusted fully-diluted basis (which, for 2014, added only shares underlying outstanding warrants with exercise prices of $2.75 or less per share). The resulting share number is then allocated over the designated period (generally, four years), with the aggregate size of year 1 awards typically about 50% (or 25% at each semi-annual grant date) of the total amount to be granted over the four-year period, and the aggregate size of awards granted in years 2 – 4 typically about 16.6% (or 8.3% at each semi-annual grant date) of the total amount for the four-year period.  For example, if the share-equivalent of the

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target CIP was 100 shares, an employee’s option awards in year 1 would be for a total of 50 shares and in each of years, 2 – 4, that employee’s option awards would be for a total of approximately 16 shares, assuming that the total number of our outstanding shares, on an adjusted fully-diluted basis, did not change between year 1 and year 4. If the number of our outstanding shares, on an adjusted fully-diluted basis, increases, the target share number increases, so the size of option awards may also increase.  For grants to Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran, and other employees who received their first option award under the carried interest framework in 2010, the size of option awards after the first four-year period generally has been determined as approximately 5% of the share-equivalent of the employee’s CIP.   The compensation committee or the board of directors, as applicable, always has discretion to make the size of an award smaller than a strict application of the carried interest framework may call for, and has done so in the past, including with regard to the NEO and other employee option awards granted in January and June 2014.  

We believe the carried interest framework is well-suited for our company because it provides for a coherent approach to achieving targeted ownership levels for our NEOs following changes to our capitalization, which helps ensure that these equity awards continue to achieve their intended retention and motivational purposes. To determine the CIP for each NEO, the compensation committee considers the NEO’s role, responsibilities and past performance, executive compensation survey data published by the San Diego Biotechnology Employee Development Coalition regarding ownership stakes of executives in similar positions, and the CIPs for other of our executive officers. The aggregate target CIP for our NEOs was approximately 7.3%, but, in light of Mr. Keran’s and Dr. Vetticaden’s departures, as of the record date for the Annual Meeting, the aggregate target CIP for our currently-employed NEOs is approximately 3.4%, and, as of the record date for the Annual Meeting, the aggregate deemed ownership stake of our currently-employed NEOs, for purposes of applying the carried interest framework, is approximately 2.9% on an adjusted fully-diluted basis (which, in addition to outstanding shares, includes only shares underlying outstanding warrants with exercise prices of $2.75 or less per share). The ownership stake utilized for the carried interest framework does not reflect the NEOs’ current “beneficial ownership” (calculated in accordance with SEC rules) because the carried interest framework (unlike the beneficial ownership calculation) takes into account all shares underlying outstanding stock options, including those that are not vested or exercisable and will not be vested or exercisable within 60 days, but does not include options with exercise prices per share of $57.50 or greater. Because the NEOs’ options vest and become exercisable over a minimum of four years from the grant date, the NEOs deemed ownership stake for purposes of the carried interest framework is significantly larger than the NEOs’ beneficial ownership calculated in accordance with SEC rules. Notwithstanding the compensation committee’s general practice of applying the carried interest framework to determine stock option awards, as noted above, the compensation committee and the board of directors have complete discretion with regard to size and terms of stock option awards. For our NEOs, the compensation committee may determine to adjust the CIP or, for any particular award, may determine to make the size of the grant greater or less than what would be granted by following a strict application of the carried interest framework. The compensation committee may exercise this discretion for a variety of reasons, including the number of shares that remain available under our stockholder-approved equity plan, an officer’s ownership in our company apart from company-granted stock options, anticipated changes to an officer’s role or responsibilities, and anticipated changes to our company’s capitalization. For example, in Dr. Emanuele’s case, the compensation committee has taken into consideration his stock ownership resulting from our acquisition of SynthRx, Inc. in determining the size of his option awards and granted option awards that were smaller than a strict application of the carried interest framework would call for.

In 2014, our NEOs were granted option awards in January and in June. In January 2014, Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran, Dr. Vetticaden and Dr. Emanuele each received an option to purchase 650,300, 650,300, 295,100 and 115,900 shares of our common stock, respectively. The options have a 10-year term, an exercise price of $0.47 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE MKT on the grant date, and vest and become exercisable, subject to the officer’s continued service to us, in 48 substantially equal monthly installments. In June 2014, Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran, Dr. Vetticaden and Dr. Emanuele each received an option to purchase 1,114,250, 1,114,250, 529,300 and 285,400 shares of our common stock, respectively. The options have a 10-year term, an exercise price of $0.65 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE MKT on the grant date, and vest and become exercisable, subject to the officer’s continued service to us, in 48 substantially equal monthly installments.  

Other Benefits and Post-Termination Compensation

Our NEOs, as well as our other regular, full-time employees are eligible for a variety of health and welfare and paid time-off benefits. We believe that these benefits enable us to offer more competitive compensation packages and support employee focus and productivity. In addition, as described below, our NEOs may be entitled to receive additional benefits upon termination of their employment. These arrangements are intended to keep our NEOs focused on corporate interests while employed, including in the face of potential change in control transactions, and, at the time they were implemented, were deemed necessary to attract or retain the employment of the NEOs. Additional advantages to us include our receipt of a release of claims as a precondition to paying any cash severance.

401(k) Plan and Company Match.  We have a defined contribution savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The plan is for the benefit of all employees and permits voluntary contributions by qualifying employees of up to 100% of eligible compensation, subject to Internal Revenue Service-imposed maximum limits. Under the terms of the plan, we are required to make matching contributions equal to 100% of employee contributions up to 6% of eligible compensation, limited by

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the IRS-imposed maximum, for all employees. With respect to the NEOs, we incurred total expenses of approximately $62,200 and $45,900 in matching contributions in 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Life Insurance Policies.  We provide all regular, full-time employees, including the NEOs, with a life insurance policy equal to two times the employee’s annual base salary, up to a maximum coverage of $750,000.

Paid Time-off.  Mr. Culley and Dr. Emanuele accrue 30 and 23 vacation days per year, respectively, subject to annual adjustment based on the number of years of the officer’s employment with us.  Prior to the conclusion of their employment, Mr. Keran and Dr. Vetticaden accrued 28 and 22 vacation days per year, respectively.  Under our policy, the maximum number of vacation days that an employee, including our NEOs, can accrue is two times the employee’s annual accrual limit. Upon conclusion of his employment with us in September 2014, we paid Dr. Vetticaden approximately $12,000 for accrued, but unused vacation time.  If the other NEOs’ employment with us had terminated as of December 31, 2014, our payment obligations to Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran and Dr. Emanuele for accrued, but unused vacation time would have been approximately $93,000, $86,000 and $51,000, respectively.  Upon conclusion of his employment with us in February 2015, we paid Mr. Keran approximately $89,000 for accrued, but unused vacation time.  

Perquisites.  We did not provide any of our NEOs with perquisites in 2014 that exceeded $10,000 in the aggregate for any person.

Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options.  As described in more detail below under “Acceleration of Vesting of Option Awards,” the vesting and exercisability of stock options held by our NEOs may accelerate to various degrees under circumstances involving a change in control and/or involuntary termination, depending on the particular terms of the agreement governing the stock option.

Employment Retention and Severance Arrangements.  The employment of each of our NEOs is at-will and they or we may terminate their employment with us at any time with or without prior notice. In July 2009, the compensation committee adopted a retention and severance plan (the “Retention Plan”) applicable to each of Messrs. Culley and Keran, the terms of which are discussed below. The compensation committee determined that this plan was necessary to incentivize and retain Messrs. Culley and Keran, who at the time were our only employees, and reinforce their dedication to us during a period when they would have been likely to seek alternative employment otherwise. In connection with negotiating the terms of Dr. Vetticaden’s and Dr. Emanuele’s employment with our company, which commenced in September 2012 and April 2011, respectively, we agreed to provide them with similarly structured severance arrangements. The terms of Dr. Vetticaden’s and Dr. Emanuele’s arrangements are set forth in their respective offer letter agreements with us and are discussed below.  

Under the Retention Plan, in the cases of Messrs. Culley and Keran, and pursuant to the terms of Dr. Vetticaden’s and Dr. Emanuele’s respective offer letters, if the employment of the NEO terminates at any time as a result of an involuntary termination, and the NEO delivers and does not revoke a general release of claims, which confirms any post-termination obligations and/or restrictions applicable to him, he will be entitled to (i) an amount equal to 12 months (for Messrs. Culley and Keran) or nine months (for Drs. Vetticaden and Emanuele) of his then-current base salary, less applicable withholdings, and (ii) an amount equal to the estimated cost of continuing his healthcare coverage and the coverage of his dependents who are covered at the time of the involuntary termination under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, for a period equal to 12 months (for Messrs. Culley and Keran) or nine months (for Drs. Vetticaden and Emanuele). These severance benefits will be paid in a lump-sum on the date the general release of claims becomes effective. If Mr. Culley’s, Mr. Keran’s and Dr. Emanuele’s employment with us had been involuntarily terminated as of December 31, 2014, our aggregate severance obligations to them under the above-described arrangements would have been approximately $435,000, $429,000, and $248,000, respectively.  Dr. Vetticaden’s departure in September 2014 was deemed an involuntary termination for purposes of his offer letter and, as a result, upon effectiveness of his general release of claims, we paid Dr. Vetticaden severance of approximately $298,000 in accordance with the terms of his offer letter.  Mr. Keran’s departure in February 2015 was deemed an involuntary termination for purposes of the Retention Plan and, as a result, upon effectiveness of his general release of claims, we paid Mr. Keran severance of approximately $443,000 in accordance with the terms of the Retention Plan.  

For purposes of the Retention Plan, an “involuntary termination” means (i) without the officer’s express written consent, an action by our board of directors or external events causing or immediately portending a material reduction or alteration of the officer’s duties, position or responsibilities relative to the officer’s duties, position or responsibilities in effect immediately prior to such reduction or alteration, or the removal of the officer from such position, duties or responsibilities; provided, however, that an involuntary termination will not be deemed to occur with respect to Mr. Culley, if he remains the head of and most senior individual within our company’s (or our successor’s) business development function, and with respect to Mr. Keran, if he remains the head of and most senior individual within our company’s (or our successor’s) legal function; (ii) without the officer’s express written consent, a material reduction by us of the officer’s base salary as in effect immediately prior to such reduction; (iii) without the officer’s express written consent, the relocation of the officer’s principal place of employment with us by more than 50 miles; (iv) any termination of the officer’s employment by us without cause (as defined below), or (v) a material breach of the

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plan, including, but not limited to our failure to obtain the assumption of the plan by any successors, as contemplated in the plan. For purposes of the Retention Plan, “cause” means (A) any act of personal dishonesty taken by the officer in connection with his responsibilities as an employee which is intended to result in substantial personal enrichment of the officer; (B) the officer’s conviction of a felony that our board of directors reasonably believes has had or will have a material detrimental effect on our reputation or business; (C) a willful act by the officer that constitutes misconduct and is materially injurious to us, or (D) continued willful violations by the officer of the officer obligations to us after there has been delivered to the officer a written demand for performance from us that describes the basis for our belief that the officer has not substantially performed his duties.

Dr. Vetticaden’s and Dr. Emanuele’s offer letters contain substantially the same definitions of involuntary termination except that, in Dr. Vetticaden’s case, in lieu of clause (v) above, the offer letter includes,“(v) our failure to obtain the assumption of the offer letter by any successors as contemplated in the offer letter,” and, in Dr. Emanuele’s case, there is no clause (v). With regard to the definition of “cause,” in Dr. Vetticaden’s case, it is substantially the same as under the Retention Plan except that it includes any act of personal dishonesty by Dr. Vetticaden in connection with his hiring process that our board of directors believes has had or will have a material detrimental effect on our reputation or business.  Dr. Emanuele’s offer letter defines “cause” as: (I) any significant act of personal dishonesty by him in connection with his responsibilities as an employee; (II) acts or omissions constituting recklessness or willful misconduct on his part with respect to his obligations or otherwise relating to our business; (III) any material breach or continued willful violations by him of his obligations to us, including under any offer letter, confidentiality and inventions assignment agreement or other agreement by and between him and us (other than in his capacity as stockholders’ agent under our merger agreement with SynthRx), which is not cured during a period of 30 days after written notice from us; (IV) his conviction (including any plea of guilty or nolo contendere) of any felony or other criminal act involving dishonesty or moral turpitude; or (V) any material failure by him to comply with our written policies.  

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth compensation information for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 for individuals who served as: (a) our principal executive officer, or PEO, (b) our two most highly compensated executive officers other than our PEO who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2014, and (c) one additional individual who would have been one of our two most highly compensated executive officers, other than our PEO, but for the fact that he was no longer an executive officer as of December 31, 2014. We refer to the executive officers listed in the following table as the “named executive officers” or “NEOs.”  

 

 

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End 2014

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2014. Share and per share information included in this table for option awards granted before April 23, 2010 reflects retrospective application of the 1-for-25 reverse split of our outstanding common stock effected on April 23, 2010.

 

 

 

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Acceleration of Vesting of Option Awards

Stock option awards granted to Mr. Culley, Mr. Keran, Dr. Vetticaden and Dr. Emanuele contain vesting acceleration provisions triggered by certain change in control and/or involuntary termination circumstances. With regard to option awards granted to Messrs. Culley and Keran, in the event Mr. Culley or Mr. Keran ceases to provide services to us as an employee by reason of an involuntary termination, his option award will, immediately prior to such involuntary termination, vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option award, and the exercisability of the then-vested portion of the option award (after taking into account the foregoing acceleration) will be extended such that the option award will be exercisable for a period of 12 months following the date of such involuntary termination but not later than the 10-year term expiration, subject to limited exceptions. In addition, the vesting and/or exercisability of each option award will accelerate or be extended under certain circumstances, including, (a) in the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2008 Plan, the Amended and Restated 2008 Plan, the 2013 Plan or the 2014 Plan, depending upon the plan under which the option was granted), acceleration of vesting with respect to 50% of the then unvested shares on the day prior to the date of the change in control and, subject to the respective officer’s continuous service, with respect to the remaining 50% of the then unvested shares on the one year anniversary of the date of the change in control, (b) subject to the preceding clause (a), in the event of a change of control, to the extent the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) does not assume or substitute for the option award, acceleration in full on the day prior to the date of the change in control if the officer is then providing services or was the subject of an involuntary termination in connection with, related to or in contemplation of the change in control and exercisability for a period of 24 months following the date of such involuntary termination but not later than the 10-year term expiration, subject to limited exceptions, and (c) subject to the preceding clause (a), in the event of a change in control, to the extent the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) assumes or substitutes for the option award, and in the event of an involuntary termination of the officer within 12 months following the date of the change in control, acceleration in full of vesting and exercisability for a period of 24 months following the date of such involuntary termination but not later than the 10-year term expiration, subject to limited exceptions. Under the terms of Mr. Culley’s and Mr. Keran’s option awards, the definitions of “involuntary termination” and “cause” are the same as described above with respect to the Retention Plan, except that the definition of involuntary termination does not include exceptions in the event that Mr. Culley remains the head of and most senior individual within our company’s (or our successor’s) business development function or in the event that Mr. Keran remains the head of and most senior individual within our company’s (or our successor’s) legal function.

Mr. Keran concluded his employment with us in February 2015.  For purposes of his option awards, his departure was deemed an involuntary termination, resulting in the acceleration of vesting described above, such that 1,338,476 additional shares subject to his option awards vested the date his employment ended (valued at approximately $12,665, based on the difference between the closing sale price of our common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the date his employment ended (because his employment ended on a weekend), and the applicable exercise prices that are less than that closing sale price).  Of the shares subject to accelerated vesting, 949,075 shares, or approximately 71%, were “out-of-the-money” on the date Mr. Keran’s employment ended because the option exercise prices exceeded the closing sale price.  In March 2015, we entered into an amendment of stock option agreements with Mr. Keran whereby we agreed to extend the period during which the vested portions of his outstanding options with exercise prices of $13.50 per share or less would be exercisable to November 15, 2016.  

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Dr. Vetticaden’s stock option agreements provide that in the event he ceases to provide services to us as an employee by reason of an involuntary termination, his option award will, immediately prior to such involuntary termination, vest and become exercisable with respect to 18.75% of the total number of shares subject to the option award, and the exercisability of the then-vested portion of the option award (after taking into account the foregoing acceleration) will be extended such that the option award will be exercisable for a period of nine months following the date of such involuntary termination but not later than the 10-year term expiration, subject to limited exceptions.  Dr. Vetticaden’s employment with us concluded in September 2014.  For purposes of his option awards, his departure was deemed an involuntary termination, resulting in the acceleration of vesting described above, such that 290,511 additional shares subject to his option awards vested the date his employment ended (valued at approximately $9,537, based on the difference between the closing sale price of our common stock on the date his employment ended and the applicable exercise prices that are less than that closing sale price).  Of the shares subject to accelerated vesting, 211,743 shares, or approximately 73%, were “out-of-the-money” on the date Dr. Vetticaden’s employment ended because the option exercise prices exceeded the closing sale price. In accordance with the terms of his option agreements, Dr. Vetticaden may exercise the vested portions of his options through the close of business on June 30, 2015, after which time the options will terminate.  

Dr. Emanuele’s option awards may vest and become exercisable in full (100%) in the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2013 Plan and 2014 Plan) if the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) does not assume or substitute for the option awards or the successor company assumes or substitutes for the option awards but Dr. Emanuele’s employment is subsequently terminated by us or the successor company without cause or by Dr. Emanuele for good reason within 24 months after the change in control. For purposes of Dr. Emanuele’s option awards, “cause” means the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by him, any unauthorized use or disclosure by him of our confidential information or trade secrets, or any other intentional misconduct by him adversely affecting our business affairs in a material manner. For purposes of Dr. Emanuele’s option awards, “good reason” means, in each case without his explicit written consent, which he may withhold or provide in his sole and absolute discretion, (i) a reduction by us or a successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) of more than 10% in his annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to the change in control; (ii) a reduction by us or a successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) of more than 10% of his individual annual target or bonus opportunity, except under circumstances where we or the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) implement changes to the bonus structure of similarly situated employees, including but not limited to changes to the bonus structure designed to integrate our personnel with other personnel of the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof); (iii) a change in position that materially reduces his level of responsibility, including the level of person to whom he reports; or (iv) a relocation following the change in control of his primary office location by more than 50 miles or that would reasonably be expected to increase his commute such that his round-trip commute would reasonably be expected to increase by more than one hour per day.

Generally, under the 2008 Plan and the Amended and Restated 2008 Plan, a change in control occurs upon (a) a merger or consolidation of our company with or into another entity, (b) the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets, (c) certain changes in the majority of our board of directors within a period of 36 consecutive months, (d) the acquisition, pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to our stockholders that our board of directors does not recommend, of more than 50% of the total combined voting power in our outstanding securities, (e) approval by our stockholders of a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution, or (f) a determination by the majority of our board of directors that a change in control has occurred. The definition of change in control under the 2013 Plan and the 2014 Plan is substantially the same except that it does not include a determination by the majority of our board of directors that a change in control has occurred.

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table shows compensation information for the individuals who served as our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2014. Mr. Culley, our only director who is also one of our employees, does not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director.

Director Compensation for Fiscal Year 2014

 

 

 

 

Overview of Non-Employee Director Compensation

Compensation of the non-employee members of our board of directors for their service on the board and its committees is set forth in a written policy adopted by our board of directors. With the assistance of its compensation committee, our board of directors periodically reviews and evaluates the director compensation policy and adopts changes designed to allow us to recruit and retain individuals with the requisite experience, skills and characteristics for membership on our board of directors. During 2014, our non-employee director compensation was governed by the director compensation policy adopted by our board of directors in March 2011, as modified in March 2013 to increase the cash retainers payable to the chairs of the compensation committee and the nominating and governance committee. The policy provided for a combination of cash compensation in the form of a fixed retainer and meeting attendance fees and equity compensation in the form of stock option awards. We also reimburse our directors for travel and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance at meetings of our board of directors and its committees.

In December 2014, our board of directors adopted changes to our director compensation policy that became effective on January 1, 2015.  Under our current director compensation policy, our non-employee directors will no longer receive meeting attendance fees (except in the case of service on ad hoc or special committees established by the board), but will receive an annual cash retainer of $35,000, payable quarterly, for service on the board, as well as an additional annual retainer for service as chair of the board or on any committee of the board.  Non-employee directors who serve on the board’s audit committee receive an annual retainer of $7,500, provided that the chair of that committee receives an annual retainer of $15,000. Non-employee directors who serve on the board’s compensation committee and nominating and governance committee receive an annual retainer of $5,000, provided that the chairs of those committees receive an annual retainer of $10,000.  The chair of our board (or if the chair is an employee, the lead independent director) receives an annual retainer of $25,000 in addition to the retainer for service as a director.

The equity compensation component of our current director compensation policy is substantially the same as was in effect for 2014.  

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Retainer

As reflected in the table below, the amount of the cash retainer payable to non-employee directors under the policy that was in effect during 2014 was based on the director’s role on our board and its committees. The amounts set forth in the following table are annualized amounts, which we paid in four equal installments on a quarterly basis. A non-employee director whose service began during a quarter received a pro-rated portion of the applicable payment.

2014 Cash Retainer

 

As discussed above, our board of directors adopted changes to the director compensation policy in December 2014, which eliminated per meeting fees (except in the case of service on ad hoc or special committees established by the board) and increased the annual cash retainers payable to our non-employee directors.  The amounts payable are still based on the director’s role on our board and its committees.  The amended policy became effective January 1, 2015.  The amounts shown below are payable in four equal installments on a quarterly basis. A non-employee director whose service begins or ends during a quarter receives a pro-rated portion of the applicable payment.

2015 Cash Retainer

 

Meeting Fees

During 2014, we paid our non-employee directors $1,000 for attendance at each meeting of our board of directors and each meeting of a board committee of which such director was a member (whether such attendance was in person or by telephone, videoconference or other comparable communication device).

Under our amended director compensation policy, effective January 1, 2015, we will not pay meeting attendance fees except in the case of meetings of ad hoc or special committees established by our board of directors.  Each non-employee director who serves on such a committee will be eligible to receive $1,000 for each meeting attended (whether such attendance was in person or by telephone, videoconference or other comparable communication device).

Equity Compensation

Pursuant to our director compensation policy (as was in effect for 2014 and as is in effect for 2015), non-employee directors are eligible, in connection with each annual meeting of our stockholders, to receive an “annual option” to purchase up to such number of shares of our common stock that is equal to the sum of (a) an amount, which we refer to as the “allocated amount,” equal to the product of 0.0396% multiplied by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders and (b) an amount, which we refer to as the “adjustment amount,” equal to the difference between (i) the allocated amount for the current year’s annual meeting of stockholders, minus (ii) the allocated amount that was applicable to the prior year’s annual meeting of stockholders (unless a director was not a non-employee director at the time of the prior year’s annual meeting of stockholders, in which case the adjustment amount for that director will be based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the date of that director’s appointment or election to our board of directors). However, the adjustment amount will be included in the annual option for a director only if (x) the adjustment amount for that director exceeds 20% of the allocated amount for the current year’s annual meeting of stockholders, (y) our company’s market capitalization (shares outstanding multiplied by stock price) has not exceeded $100 million for a sustained period, as determined unanimously by our board of directors, and (z) our board of directors unanimously determines to include the adjustment amount in such annual option. Each annual option will vest and become exercisable in 12 substantially equal monthly installments of 1/12th of the shares subject to the option at the end of each successive month following the date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders, subject to the director’s continuing services (as defined in the 2014 Plan).

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In addition, any newly appointed or elected non-employee director is eligible to receive an “inducement option” and a “pro-rated annual option.” An inducement option entitles the director to purchase up to such number of shares of our common stock that is equal to the amount, which we refer to as the “new director allocated amount,” that is the product of 0.0396% multiplied by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the date of the director’s initial appointment or election to our board of directors. A pro-rated annual option entitles the director to purchase up to such number of shares of our common stock that is equal to the product of (A) the quotient of the new director allocated amount, divided by 12, and (B) the number of full 30-day periods between the new director’s date of appointment or election and the date of our next annual meeting of stockholders (or, if, on the new director’s date of appointment or election, the date of our next annual meeting of stockholders has not been set, the one-year anniversary of the new director’s date of appointment or election). Each inducement option will vest and become exercisable in 36 substantially equal monthly installments of 1/36th of the shares subject to the option at the end of each successive month following the date of the director’s initial appointment or election to our board of directors, subject to the director’s continuing services (as defined in the 2014 Plan). Each pro-rated annual option will vest and become exercisable in such number of substantially equal monthly installments as is equal to the number of full 30-day periods between the director’s initial appointment or election to our board of directors and the date of the next annual meeting of our stockholders.

Each stock option award granted pursuant to our director compensation policy will be granted under the 2014 Plan, or any amendment or restatement thereof, will have an exercise price per share equal to the fair market value (as defined in the 2014 Plan) of a share of our common stock on the date the option award is granted, and will have a term equal to the shorter of (i) ten years from the date the option award is granted (subject to a 30-day extension in certain limited circumstances) and (ii) three years from the date such non-employee director ceases to provide services (as defined in the 2014 Plan) to us for any reason other than such director’s death or disability. In addition, in the event of a change of control of our company, each option award will vest and become exercisable on the day prior to the date of the change in control if the director is then providing services (as defined in the 2014 Plan), and each option award will terminate on the date of the change in control to the extent not exercised.

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AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

Our management has the primary responsibility for our financial reporting process, accounting principles and internal controls as well as the preparation of our financial statements. Under the guidance of a written charter, the audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting process and audits of our financial statements on behalf of our board of directors. Each of the members of the audit committee meets the independence standards and other qualification requirements of the NYSE MKT LLC.

The audit committee appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as our independent auditor for fiscal year 2014. As such, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP was responsible for expressing an opinion on our annual financial statements based on an audit conducted in accordance with the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

In this context and in connection with the audited financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, the audit committee:

 

The preceding “Audit Committee Report” shall not be deemed soliciting material or filed with the SEC, nor shall any information in this report be incorporated by reference into any past or future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

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PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The audit committee has appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), an independent registered public accounting firm, as our independent auditor for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. We are asking our stockholders to ratify this appointment.

The following table presents the fees billed by PwC during the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 for professional services rendered to us by PwC:

 

 

Policy Regarding Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services by Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The charter for our audit committee requires that all audit, review and attest services and all permissible non-audit services (including any permissible tax or internal control-related services) to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm will be approved by the audit committee in advance of their performance. The audit committee may pre-approve services as part of its approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm or on an individual case-by-case basis. The audit committee considers whether the provision of any non-audit service is compatible with maintaining the independence of our auditors. The audit committee’s charter provides that it may adopt policies and procedures for the pre-approval of permissible services, which may include delegation of authority to a designated member or members of the audit committee to approve permissible services so long as any such approvals are disclosed to the full audit committee.

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PROPOSAL 1 — ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

At the Annual Meeting, our stockholders will vote on the election of five directors to serve for one-year terms until the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation or removal. Our board of directors has unanimously nominated Brian M. Culley, Howard C. Dittrich, Jack Lief, David A. Ramsay and Lewis J. Shuster for election to our board of directors at the Annual Meeting. The director nominees have indicated that they are willing and able to serve as directors. If any of the nominees becomes unable or unwilling to serve, the proxies being solicited by this proxy statement will be voted for the election of any substitute nominee who shall be designated by our board of directors to fill the vacancy. The proxies being solicited by this proxy statement will be voted for no more than five nominees at the Annual Meeting.

Assuming a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting, each director nominee who receives an affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting will be elected. Abstentions will have the same effect as negative votes. Broker non-votes will not be counted toward the vote total and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. Stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Our board of directors unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the election of Brian M. Culley, Howard C. Dittrich, Jack Lief, David A. Ramsay and Lewis J. Shuster as directors.

PROPOSAL 2 — RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

At the Annual Meeting, our stockholders will be asked to ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. Stockholder ratification of the appointment of PwC as our independent registered public accounting firm is not required by our bylaws or otherwise. Our board of directors is submitting the appointment of PwC to our stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If our stockholders do not ratify the appointment of PwC, the audit committee will reconsider this appointment. Even if the appointment is ratified, the audit committee, in its discretion, may appoint a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if the audit committee determines that such a change would be in the best interests of our company and our stockholders.

Assuming a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to approve this proposal. Abstentions will have the same effect as negative votes. Brokers and other nominees generally will have discretionary authority to vote on this proposal because it is considered a routine matter under NYSE rules, and therefore we do not expect broker non-votes with respect to this proposal.

We expect a representative of PwC to be present at the Annual Meeting and that representative will have the opportunity to make a statement at the Annual Meeting if so desired. We also expect such representative to be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Our board of directors unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015.

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PROPOSAL 3 — APPROVAL OF THE MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.
2015 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

At the Annual Meeting, we are asking our stockholders to approve the Mast Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Our board of directors approved the 2015 Plan on April 17, 2015, subject to approval from our stockholders at the Annual Meeting. The 2015 Plan amends, restates and renames our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Existing Plan”). We are requesting approval of the 2015 Plan primarily because we view the number of shares that remain available for awards under the Existing Plan as inadequate for that plan to continue to serve its purposes of enabling us to attract and retain the services of employees and non-employee directors and to motivate participants to achieve long-term objectives that we believe will benefit our stockholders. Our board of directors believes that the effective use of stock-based long-term incentive compensation is essential for our company to maintain a balanced and competitive compensation program and important to our ability to achieve long-term business objectives.

As a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with limited cash focused on funding our development programs, we believe that equity, in particular stock option awards, is an important and significant component of our employees’ compensation. If our stockholders do not approve this proposal, we may be unable to use equity compensation to the extent needed to make our compensation packages competitive and to motivate our employees and we could be required to increase cash compensation to attract, retain and motivate our employees, which may compromise funding of our development programs.

If the 2015 Plan is approved at the Annual Meeting it will become effective as of that date and no new awards will be granted under the Existing Plan, which currently is our sole active plan for providing equity incentive compensation to eligible employees, consultants and non-employee directors. On the other hand, if the 2015 Plan does not receive the required stockholder approval at the Annual Meeting, the Existing Plan will remain in effect, and future grants may occur under the Existing Plan in accordance with its terms. Regardless of whether or not the 2015 Plan is approved at the Annual Meeting, all outstanding awards under the Existing Plan, as well as outstanding awards granted under our 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, our Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, and our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Prior Plans”) will continue to be governed under the terms of the plan under which they were granted.

The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan is 30,888,691 shares, which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted made under the Existing Plan after December 31, 2014, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the Existing Plan and the Prior Plans are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2015 Plan). The maximum number of shares will be subject to adjustment for certain corporate events, including mergers and stock splits. The table below outlines our estimate of shares that would be available for grants under the 2015 Plan as of the Annual Meeting date, if the 2015 Plan is approved at the Annual Meeting. The estimate below is based on information available as of April 17, 2015, which is the record date for the Annual Meeting. To the extent that our compensation committee or board of directors grants additional awards or additional awards are forfeited, expire or are otherwise added back to the Existing Plan pursuant to its terms between the record date and the Annual Meeting, the total shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan as of the Annual Meeting date will be different than as shown in the table below.

 

In determining the number of additional shares to request for the 2015 Plan, our board of directors reviewed the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding, the total number of shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants, the total number of shares subject to outstanding options and shares that remain available under the Existing Plan, the total number of shares issuable to former stockholders of SynthRx, Inc. pursuant to the terms of our merger agreement relating to the acquisition of SynthRx in April 2011, and the potential timing of those issuances, an estimated amount of shares issuable in connection with the “at the market” equity offering program we commenced in February 2014, potential dilution scenarios related to increased shares available for plan awards and the resulting costs to our stockholders, management’s projections regarding future equity compensation needs, and our award burn rates for the prior three fiscal years.  

Management’s projections regarding future equity compensation needs were based on our current “carried interest” framework that we generally apply to determine the size of employee option awards, as discussed above under “Executive Officer Compensation — Overview — Stock Option Awards.” We apply a similar framework to determine the size of stock option awards for our non-employee directors, as discussed above under “Director Compensation — Equity Compensation.” Estimating our future equity compensation needs is subject to significant assumptions, particularly for a clinical-stage company such as ours, including our future

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operations and progress with development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates, the rate of growth and nature of our workforce and the types and sizes of awards our compensation committee or board of directors may determine to grant, our need for additional capital to fund operations and the means by which we obtain additional funding, and our future capitalization, including issuance of additional shares of our common stock in financing transactions, upon exercise of options and/or warrants, in the event of achievement of milestones under our merger agreement with SynthRx, all of which are difficult to predict and actual outcomes may be materially different than the assumptions used by management. Based upon these projections and assumptions, the share pool under the 2015 Plan is intended to manage our equity compensation needs for approximately 2.5 years. However, there can be no assurance that the number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan, if approved, will be sufficient for that period and we may request an increase in shares available for incentive awards prior to the end of that period.  For example, the shares available for awards under the Existing Plan have been used at a greater rate than anticipated when the Board approved the plan in March 2014 due in part to our issuance of a significant number of additional shares and common stock warrants in November 2014 upon completion of an underwritten public offering and the increase in size of option awards granted to employees after the offering to maintain equity compensation levels deemed adequate to attract, retain and incentivize employees.  

The following tables provide certain additional information regarding our annual equity award burn rates and shares of common stock outstanding and available for grant under the Existing Plan and the Prior Plans.  In the prior three fiscal years, we have not granted any awards other than stock option awards. On April 17, 2015, the fair market value of our common stock (as determined by the closing sale price on the NYSE MKT on that date) was $0.47 per share.

Burn Rate

 

 

Shares Outstanding and Available for Grant

 

Approval of the 2015 Plan is also intended to serve as re-approval of the material terms of the performance goals under the Existing Plan for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The material terms of the performance goals include the eligible class of employees, the business criteria on which performance objectives may be based and the maximum amounts payable for the various types of awards under the 2015 Plan, as described below. If the 2015 Plan is approved by our stockholders, the effectiveness of the approval of the performance goals is intended to last until our annual meeting of stockholders in 2020 for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code.

The complete text of the 2015 Plan is attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement. Stockholders are urged to review the 2015 Plan together with the information in this Proxy Statement in evaluating this Proposal 3. The description of terms of the 2015 Plan contained in this Proposal 3 is qualified in its entirety by reference to Appendix A. If there is any inconsistency between this Proposal 3 and the 2015 Plan or any inaccuracy in this Proposal 3, the actual terms of the 2015 Plan, as set forth in Appendix A, shall govern.

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Principal Differences between the 2015 Plan and the Existing Plan

The principal differences between the 2015 Plan and the Existing Plan are as follows:

Summary of the 2015 Plan

Purpose of the Plan.  The purpose of the 2015 Plan is to assist us, through the incentives inherent in the awards under the plan, in attracting and retaining selected individuals to serve as our employees, directors, consultants and/or advisors and contribute to our success and achievement of long-term objectives that will benefit our stockholders.

Shares Available.  The maximum number of shares of our common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan, subject to adjustment for certain corporate events, including mergers and stock splits (see “Adjustments upon Changes in Capitalization” below), is 30,888,691 shares of our common stock. This amount consists of 10,388,691 shares that were available for grant under the Existing Plan as of December 31, 2014 and 20,500,000 new shares.  Stock options and SARs granted under the Existing Plan after December 31, 2014 or under the 2015 Plan reduce the number of available shares under the 2015 Plan by one (1) share for each share subject to such awards.  Awards other than stock options and SARs granted under the Existing Plan after December 31, 2014 or under the 2015 Plan reduce the number of available shares under the 2015 Plan by 1.34 shares for each share subject to such awards.  

Shares that, after December 31, 2014, are released from awards granted under the Existing Plan, the Prior Plans or the 2015 Plan because the awards are forfeited, expire, or are settled for cash will increase the number of shares available under the 2015 Plan by one (1) share for each share released from a stock option or SAR and by 1.34 shares for each share released from an award other than

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a stock option or SAR. However, the following shares will not be added to the number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan: (i) shares tendered or withheld in payment of the purchase price of an option, (ii) shares tendered or withheld to satisfy any tax withholding obligation with respect to any award, (iii) shares subject to a SAR that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the SAR on exercise thereof, and (iv) shares reacquired by us in the open market or otherwise using cash proceeds from the exercise of options granted under the 2015 Plan, the Existing Plan or any of the Prior Plans.

Shares of our common stock issued under awards granted under the 2015 Plan in assumption of or in substitution or exchange for awards previously granted by a company acquired by us or a subsidiary or parent of ours, or with which we or a subsidiary or parent combine (“Substitute Awards”), will not reduce the shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan. In addition, if a company acquired by us or a subsidiary or parent of ours, or with which we or a subsidiary or parent combine, has shares remaining available under a plan approved by its stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the available shares (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio of formula applied to determine the consideration payable to stockholders in the acquisition or combination) may be used for awards under the 2015 Plan and will not reduce the shares available for grant; provided that awards using such available shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not our employees or directors prior to the acquisition or combination.

Shares issued under the 2015 Plan may consist of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares or shares purchased in the open market or otherwise.

The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan pursuant to the exercise of options intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” as defined in Section 422 of the Code is the same as the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan.

Eligibility; Awards to Certain Individuals and Groups.  Options, SARs, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, other share-based awards and performance awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan. Options may be either incentive stock options (as defined in Section 422 of the Code) or nonstatutory stock options. Awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan to any employee, non-employee member of our board of directors, consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provides services to us or a subsidiary or parent of ours, except for incentive stock options, which may be granted only to employees.

As of April 17, 2015, approximately 23 employees of Mast Therapeutics or its subsidiaries, which includes five executive officers, and four non-employee directors, were eligible to participate in the 2015 Plan. Our board of directors will select the individuals to whom awards under the 2015 Plan may be granted and will determine the type or types of awards to be granted, the time or times at which such awards will be granted, the number of shares subject to each such award (or the dollar value of certain performance awards) and other terms and conditions relating to the awards, except to the extent it delegates its authority to its compensation committee or any other committee or subcommittee formed by the board of directors or by the compensation committee with the approval of the board of directors. Consequently, it is not possible to determine the benefits or amounts that will be received by or allocated to any particular individual or group of individuals in the future under the 2015 Plan.

Limits on Awards to Participants.  With respect to awards intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, the 2015 Plan provides that, subject to adjustment as provided in the plan, no participant may, in any 12-month period (i) be granted options or SARs with respect to more than 4,000,000 shares of our common stock, (ii) earn more than 4,000,000 shares of our common stock under restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance awards and/or other share-based awards, or (iii) earn more than $2,000,000 under an award; provided, however, that each of these limitations shall be multiplied by two (2) with respect to awards granted to a participant during the first calendar year in which the participant commences employment with us or any of our subsidiaries. If an award is cancelled, the cancelled award will continue to count against the applicable limitations.

The 2015 Plan also imposes a limit on awards to non-employee directors. The aggregate grant date fair value (calculated as of the date of grant in accordance with applicable financial accounting rules) of all awards granted to any non-employee member of our board of directors during any 12-month period shall not exceed $3,000,000.

Administration.  The 2015 Plan will be administered by our board of directors, except to the extent the board of directors delegates its authority to its compensation committee or any other committee or subcommittee formed by the board of directors or by the compensation committee with the approval of the board of directors.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent required by the rules of principal U.S. national securities exchange on which our common stock is traded (the “Principal Exchange”), or to the extent required by applicable law, any award under the 2015 Plan to our chief executive officer or any other officer (as defined in Rule 16(a)-1(f) of the Exchange Act) shall be determined and granted solely by directors who qualify as “independent directors” under the rules of that securities exchange or applicable law. Our board of directors has authorized the compensation committee to determine and grant awards under the 2015 Plan to non-officer participants.  Our board of directors or the compensation committee, pursuant to

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authority delegated to it by the board, has the authority to select the participants who will receive awards under the 2015 Plan, determine the types and terms and conditions of awards, and to interpret and administer the 2015 Plan. The board of directors may (i) delegate to a committee of one or more directors the right to grant, cancel, suspend or amend awards and otherwise take action on its behalf under the 2015 Plan (to the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, including Section 162(m) of the Code, and the rules of the Principal Exchange), and (ii) to the extent permitted by law, delegate to an one or more officers (as that term is defined in Rule 16(a)-1(f) of the Exchange Act) or a committee of such officers the right to grant awards to employees who are not directors or such officers and the authority to take action on behalf of the board of directors, or the compensation committee (if applicable), pursuant to the 2015 Plan to cancel or suspend awards under the 2015 Plan to employees who are not directors or such officers of our company.

Stock Options.  The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), may grant either nonstatutory stock options or incentive stock options (as defined in Section 422 of the Code). A stock option entitles the recipient to purchase a specified number of shares of our common stock at a fixed price subject to terms and conditions set by the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable). The purchase price of shares of common stock covered by a stock option cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date the option is granted, except in the case of Substitute Awards. Fair market value of the common stock is generally equal to the closing price for the common stock on the Principal Exchange on the date the option is granted (or if there was no closing price on that date, on the last preceding date on which a closing price was reported), except for Substitute Awards.  

The 2015 Plan permits payment of the purchase price of stock options to be made by cash or cash equivalents, shares of our common stock previously acquired by the participant, through same-day sales through a broker, any other form of consideration approved by our board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), and permitted by applicable law (including withholding of shares of common stock that would otherwise be issued on exercise, including the specified net exercise procedure), or any combination thereof. In no event may any option be exercised for a fraction of a share. No adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date of issuance of shares upon exercise. Options granted under the 2015 Plan expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant, except in the event of the participant’s death or disability or if the exercise of an option, other than an incentive stock option, is prohibited by applicable law or the holder cannot purchase or sell shares of our common stock due to a “black-out period” under our insider trading policy, in which case the term of the option shall be automatically extended for a 30-day period from the end of the prohibition or black-out period.

The written agreement governing an option award may provide for the automatic exercise on the last day of the term of an “in the money” option through payment of the purchase price and required withholding taxes by withholding of shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the option.

Stock Appreciation Rights.  The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), is authorized to grant SARs in conjunction with a stock option or other award granted under the 2015 Plan, and to grant SARs separately. The grant price of a SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date the SAR is granted, except in the case of Substitute Awards. The term of an SAR may be no more than 10 years from the date of grant, except in the event of the participant’s death or disability or if the exercise of the SAR is prohibited by applicable law or the holder cannot purchase or sell shares of our common stock due to a “black-out period” under our insider trading policy, in which case the term of the option shall be automatically extended for a 30-day period from the end of the prohibition or black-out period. SARs are subject to terms and conditions set by the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable).

Upon exercise of an SAR, the participant will have the right to receive the excess of the fair market value of the shares covered by the SAR on the date of exercise over the grant price. Payment may be made in cash, shares of our common stock or other property, or any combination thereof, as the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), may determine. Shares issued upon the exercise of SARs are valued at their fair market value as of the date of exercise.  In no event may any SAR be exercised for a fraction of a share. No adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date of issuance of shares upon exercise.

The written agreement governing a SAR may provide for the automatic exercise on the last day of the term of an “in the money” SAR through payment of the required withholding taxes by withholding of shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the SAR.

Restricted Stock Awards.  Restricted stock awards may be issued either alone or in addition to other awards granted under the 2015 Plan, and are also available as a form of payment of performance awards and other earned cash-based incentive compensation. The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock awards, including the number of shares of common stock granted, and conditions for vesting that must be satisfied, which may be based principally or solely on continued provision of services, and also may include a performance-based component. Unless otherwise provided in the award agreement, the holder of a restricted stock award will have the rights of a stockholder from the date of grant of the award, including the right to vote the shares of common stock and the right to receive

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distributions on the shares (subject to the requirements for dividends on restricted stock awards that vest based on the achievement of performance goals as described under “Dividends; Dividend Equivalents” below). Except as otherwise provided in the award agreement, any shares or other property (other than cash) distributed with respect to the award will be subject to the same restrictions as the award (subject to the requirements for dividends on restricted stock awards that vest based on the achievement of performance goals as described under “Dividends; Dividend Equivalents” below).

Restricted Stock Unit Awards.  Awards of restricted stock units having a value equal to an identical number of shares of common stock may be granted either alone or in addition to other awards granted under the 2015 Plan, and are also available as a form of payment of performance awards granted under the 2015 Plan and other earned cash-based incentive compensation. The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock units, including conditions for vesting that must be satisfied, which may be based principally or solely on continued provision of services, and also may include a performance-based component. The holder of a restricted stock unit award will not have voting rights with respect to the award. Except as otherwise provided in the award agreement, any shares or other property (other than cash) distributed with respect to the award will be subject to the same restrictions as the award (subject to the requirements for dividend equivalents on restricted stock unit awards that vest based on the achievement of performance goals as described under “Dividends; Dividend Equivalents” below).

Other Share-Based Awards.  The 2015 Plan also provides for the award of shares of our common stock and other awards that are valued by reference to our common stock or other property (“Other Share-Based Awards”). Such awards may be granted above or in addition to other awards under the 2015 Plan. Other Share-Based Awards may be paid in cash, shares of our common stock or other property, or a combination thereof, as determined by the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable). The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), determines the terms and conditions of Other Share-Based Awards, including any conditions for vesting that must be satisfied.

Performance Awards.  Performance awards provide participants with the opportunity to receive shares of our common stock, cash or other property based on performance and other vesting conditions. Performance awards may be granted from time to time as determined at the discretion of the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable). Subject to the share limit and maximum dollar value set forth above under “Limits on Awards to Participants,” the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), has the discretion to determine (i) the number of shares of common stock under, or the dollar value of, a performance award and (ii) the conditions that must be satisfied for grant or for vesting, which typically will be based principally or solely on achievement of performance goals.

Performance Criteria.  With respect to awards intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under Code Section 162(m), a committee of “outside directors” (as defined in Code Section 162(m)) with authority delegated by our board of directors will determine the terms and conditions of such awards, including the performance criteria. The performance goals for restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards or other share-based awards shall be based on the attainment of specified levels of one or any combination of the following:

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The performance goals may be based solely by reference to our performance or the performance of one or more of our subsidiaries, parents, divisions, business segments or business units, or based upon the relative performance of other companies or upon comparisons of any of the indicators of performance relative to other companies. The authorized committee of outside directors may also exclude under the terms of the performance awards, the impact of an event or occurrence that the committee determines should appropriately be excluded, including (i) restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges, (ii) an event either not directly related to our operations or not within our management’s reasonable control, or (iii) the cumulative effects of tax or accounting changes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

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In connection with the approval of the 2015 Plan, the stockholders also are being asked to approve the above criteria for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code.

Adjustments to Awards Subject to Performance Criteria.  The authorized committee of outside directors may make downward, but not upward, adjustments with respect to any amount payable pursuant to any restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award, performance award or other share-based payment award that is subject to performance criteria. The committee may not waive achievement of performance goals, except in the case of death, disability or as otherwise determined by the committee in special circumstances.

Dividends; Dividend Equivalents.  Awards other than options and SARs may, if determined by the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), provide that the participant will be entitled to receive, currently or on a deferred basis, cash, stock or other property dividends, or cash payments in amounts equivalent to cash, stock, or other property dividends declared with respect to shares of common stock covered by an award. The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), may provide that such amounts will be deemed to have been reinvested in additional shares of common stock or otherwise, and that they are subject to the same vesting or performance conditions as the underlying award. Any dividends or dividend equivalents provided with respect to performance awards or restricted stock, restricted stock unit or other share-based awards that are subject to the attainment of specified performance goals will be subject to the same restrictions and risk of forfeiture as the underlying awards.

No Repricing.  The 2015 Plan prohibits option and SAR repricings (other than to reflect mergers, stock splits, spin-offs or other corporate events as described under “Adjustments upon Changes in Capitalization” below, or in connection with a change in control of the Company) unless stockholder approval is obtained. For purposes of the 2015 Plan, a “repricing” means a reduction in the exercise price of an option or the grant price of a SAR, the exchange or cancellation of an option or SAR for cash or another award under the 2015 Plan if the exercise price or grant price of the option or SAR is greater than the fair market value of our common stock (except in connection with a change in control, or for awards granted in assumption of or in substitution for awards previously granted by a company acquired by the Company or a subsidiary or with which the Company or a subsidiary combines), or any other action with respect to an option or SAR that may be treated as a repricing under the rules of the Principal Exchange.

Nontransferability of Awards.  No award under the 2015 Plan, and no shares subject to awards that have not been issued or as to which any applicable restriction, performance or deferral period has not lapsed, may be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and an award may be exercised during the participant’s lifetime only by the participant or the participant’s guardian or legal representative, except that the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), may provide in an award agreement that a participant may transfer an award without consideration to certain family members, family trusts, or other family-owned entities, or for charitable donations under such terms and conditions determined by the board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable).

Adjustments upon Changes in Capitalization.  In the event of any merger, reorganization, consolidation, recapitalization, dividend or distribution (whether in cash, shares or other property, other than a regular cash dividend), stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off or similar transaction or other change in our corporate structure affecting our common stock or the value thereof, appropriate adjustments to the 2015 Plan and awards will be made as the board of directors determines to be equitable or appropriate, including adjustments in the number and class of shares of stock available for awards under the 2015 Plan, the number, class and exercise or grant price of shares subject to awards outstanding under the 2015 Plan, and the limits on the number of awards that any person may receive.

Change in Control.  Agreements evidencing awards under the 2015 Plan may provide that upon a Change in Control (as defined in the 2015 Plan), unless otherwise provided in the agreement evidencing an award), outstanding options and SARs shall be cancelled and terminated without payment if the fair market value of one share of our common stock as of the date of the change in control is less than the per share option exercise price or SAR grant price.

Except as otherwise provided in the agreement evidencing an award, in the event of a Change in Control in which the successor company assumes or substitutes for an option, SAR, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award or other share-based award, if a participant’s employment with such successor company terminates within 24 months following such Change in Control, outstanding options and SARs will immediately vest, become fully exercisable and may thereafter be exercised for 24 months and restrictions, limitations and other conditions applicable to restricted stock, restricted stock units and other share-based compensation shall lapse and they shall become free of all restrictions and limitations and become fully vested. Except as otherwise provided in the agreement evidencing an award, to the extent the successor company does not assume or substitute for outstanding awards, then upon such Change in Control those outstanding options and SARs shall immediately vest and become fully exercisable and restrictions and other limitations on restricted stock, restricted stock units and other share-based awards shall lapse and they shall become fully vested.

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Except as otherwise provided in the agreement evidencing an award, in the event of a Change in Control in which the successor company does not assume or substitute for an option, SAR, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award, other share-based award, or performance award, (i) options and SARs outstanding as of the date of the Change in Control hat are not assumed or substituted for shall immediately vest and become fully exercisable, (ii) restrictions and other limitations placed on restricted stock and restricted stock units that are not assumed or substituted for shall become free of all restrictions and limitations and become fully vested, (iii) the restrictions, other limitations and other conditions applicable to any other share-based award or any other awards shall become free of all restrictions, limitations or conditions and become fully vested and transferable to the full extent of the original grant, (iv) all performance awards not assumed or substituted for shall be considered earned and payable in full, and any deferral or other restriction shall lapse and the performance award shall be settled or distributed immediately, and (v) all awards not assumed or substituted for shall terminate immediately after the Change in Control.

The board of directors, in its discretion, may determine that, upon a Change in Control, each outstanding option and SAR shall terminate within a specified number of days after notice to the participant, and/ or that each participant shall receive, with respect to each share subject to such option or SAR, an amount equal to the excess of fair market value of such share immediately prior to the occurrence of such Change in Control over the exercise price per share of such option and/or SAR; such amount to be payable in cash, in one or more kinds of stock or property, or in a combination thereof, as the board of directors, in its discretion, shall determine.

Generally, under the 2015 Plan, a Change in Control occurs upon (i) the consummation of a merger or consolidation of our company with or into another entity, (ii) the consummation of the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets, (iii) certain changes in the majority of our board of directors within a period of 36 consecutive months, (iv) the acquisition, pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to our stockholders that our board of directors does not recommend, of more than 50% of the total combined voting power in our outstanding securities, or (v) approval by our stockholders of a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution.

Termination of Employment.  The board of directors, or the compensation committee (as applicable), will determine and set forth in the award agreement whether any awards will continue to be exercisable, and the terms of such exercise, on and after the date the participant ceases to be employed by, or to otherwise provide services to, us, whether by reason of death, disability, voluntary or involuntary termination of employment or service, or otherwise.

Recoupment of Compensation; Forfeiture Events.  If we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to our material noncompliance, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, any participant who knowingly or through gross negligence engaged in the misconduct, or who knowingly or through gross negligence failed to prevent the misconduct, and any participant who is one of the individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, shall reimburse us for (i) the amount of any payment in settlement of an award received by such participant during the 12-month period following the first public issuance or filing with the SEC (whichever first occurred) of the financial document embodying such financial reporting requirement, and (ii) any profits realized by such participant from the sale of our securities during such 12-month period. In addition, to the extent claw-back or similar provisions applicable to awards are required by applicable law, listing standards and/or policies we adopt, awards granted under the 2015 Plan shall be subject to such provisions.

Effective Date of Plan; Amendment and Termination.  The 2015 Plan shall be effective on the date of its approval by the holders of a sufficient number of the shares entitled to vote at a duly constituted meeting of our stockholders, and on such date, the 2015 Plan shall amend and restate in its entirety the Existing Plan. No awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan until its effective date. The 2015 Plan shall be null and void and of no effect if not duly approved by our stockholders. The 2015 Plan may be amended or terminated by our board of directors except that stockholder approval is required for any amendment to the 2015 Plan that:

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In addition, no amendment or termination may materially impair a participant’s rights under an award previously granted without the written consent of the participant.

The 2015 Plan will expire on and no further awards may be granted after the 10th anniversary of its effective date, which, if the 2015 Plan is approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting, will be June 11, 2025. Awards granted under the 2015 Plan on or prior to its expiration date shall remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated or have expired.

Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations (as of the date this proxy statement is first delivered to our stockholders) of awards under the 2015 Plan. However, it does not purport to be complete and does not describe the state, local or foreign tax considerations or the consequences for any particular individual.

Stock Options.  A participant does not realize ordinary income on the grant of a stock option. Upon exercise of a nonstatutory stock option, the participant will realize ordinary income equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares of common stock over the option exercise price. The cost basis of the shares acquired for capital gain treatment is their fair market value at the time of exercise. Upon exercise of an incentive stock option, the excess of the fair market value of the shares of common stock acquired over the option exercise price will be an item of tax preference to the participant, which may be subject to an alternative minimum tax for the year of exercise. If no disposition of the shares is made within two years from the date of granting of the incentive stock option or within one year after exercise of the option by the participant, the participant does not realize ordinary income for tax purposes as a result of exercising the incentive stock option. Instead, the sale of the shares will be a capital transaction. In this case, the tax basis of the shares received for capital gain treatment is the option exercise price and any gain or loss realized on the sale of the shares is long-term capital gain or loss. If the participant disposes of the shares within the two-year or one-year periods referred to above, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value over the exercise price of the shares on the date of exercise, or (ii) the excess of the amount realized on the disposition over the exercise price for the shares. Any remaining gain or loss will be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss depending on whether the participant has held the shares for more than one year. Utilization of losses is subject to special rules and limitations.

Stock Appreciation Rights.  No ordinary income will be realized by a participant in connection with the grant of a SAR. When the SAR is exercised, the participant will realize ordinary income in an amount equal to the sum of the amount of any cash received and the fair market value of the shares of common stock or other property received upon the exercise.

Restricted Stock, Performance and Restricted Stock Unit Awards.  The participant will not realize ordinary income on the grant of a restricted stock award (or a performance award if the shares of common stock are issued on grant), but will realize ordinary income when the shares subject to the award become vested in an amount equal to the excess of (i) the fair market value of the shares on the vesting date over (ii) the purchase price, if any, paid for the shares. The participant may, however, elect under Section 83(b) of the Code to include as ordinary income in the year the shares are granted an amount equal to the excess of (i) the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance, over (ii) the purchase price, if any, paid for the shares. If the Section 83(b) election is made, the participant will not realize any additional taxable income when the shares become vested.

The participant will not realize ordinary income on the grant of a restricted stock unit award, (or a performance award under which shares of common stock are not issued on grant), but will realize ordinary income when the shares subject to the award are issued to the participant after they become vested. The amount of ordinary income will generally be equal to the fair market value of the shares on the date they are issued.

Upon disposition of shares of common stock acquired under a restricted stock award, performance award or restricted stock unit award, the participant will realize a capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the selling price and the sum of the amount paid for the shares plus any amount realized as ordinary income upon grant (or vesting) of the shares.

Company Tax Deduction.  We generally will be entitled to a tax deduction in connection with an award under the 2015 Plan, subject to the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, in an amount equal to the ordinary income realized by a participant at the time the participant realizes such income (for example, on the exercise of a nonqualified stock option). Section 162(m) of the Code may limit the deductibility of compensation paid to the Company’s chief executive officer and to each of the next three most highly compensated executive officers other than the Company’s chief financial officer. Under Section 162(m) of the Code, the annual compensation paid to any of these executives will be deductible to the extent that it does not exceed $1,000,000 or if the compensation is “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code. Compensation attributable to stock options and SARs under the 2015 Plan may qualify as performance-based compensation if the awards (subject to the limitations set forth above) are made by a committee composed of “outside directors” (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Code), the exercise or grant price of the award is no less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, and the grants are not in excess

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of the limits set forth in the 2015 Plan. Compensation attributable to restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards and performance awards (subject to the limitations set forth above) may qualify as performance-based compensation if (i) the compensation is approved by the committee of outside directors, (ii) the compensation is paid only upon the achievement of an objective performance goal(s) established in writing by the committee of outside directors while the outcome is substantially uncertain, and (iii) the committee of outside directors certifies in writing prior to the payment of the compensation that the performance goal(s) has been satisfied. In addition to the foregoing, other technical requirements must be satisfied in order for awards granted under the 2015 Plan to qualify as performance-based compensation. The board of directors, and the compensation committee (as applicable), will have discretion to grant one or more awards under the 2015 Plan that do not qualify as performance-based compensation.

Past Awards under the Existing Plan

The following table sets forth awards granted under the Existing Plan and its predecessor plans (the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, and the 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan) through April 17, 2015 to the persons and groups specified below. The information in the table reflects retrospective application of the 1-for-25 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock effected on April 23, 2010.

 

 

Registration under the Securities Act of 1933

We plan to register the securities issuable under the 2015 Plan pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 as soon as practicable following stockholder approval of the 2015 Plan.

Interest of Certain Persons

Each of our directors and executive officers would be eligible to participate in the 2015 Plan. As a result, approval of the 2015 Plan impacts each of our directors and executive officers and each of them has a personal interest in this proposal and its approval by our stockholders.

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Vote Required

Assuming a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to approve this proposal. Abstentions will have the same effect as negative votes. Broker non-votes will not be counted toward the vote total and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Our board of directors unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the approval of the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

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OTHER MATTERS

As of the time of preparation of this proxy statement, neither our board of directors nor our management knows of any matter to be presented at the Annual Meeting that is not listed in the Notice of Annual Meeting accompanying this proxy statement and described in this proxy statement. If any other matters should properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, however, the holders of proxies solicited by this proxy statement will vote on such matters in accordance with their judgment.

STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 2015 ANNUAL MEETING

The deadline for submitting a stockholder proposal for inclusion in our proxy materials for our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders is December 31, 2015, which is 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the mailing date of this proxy statement. These proposals must be delivered to our principal executive offices and comply with the requirements as to form and substance established by the SEC for such proposals in order to be included in our proxy materials. Stockholders who wish to nominate persons for election to our board of directors or make a proposal at the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders without including the proposal in our proxy materials relating to that meeting must notify us in writing delivered to our principal executive offices no earlier than February 12, 2016 and no later than March 14, 2016. Stockholders are advised to review our bylaws, which contain additional advance notice requirements. A copy of our bylaws is available to stockholders upon written request to our corporate secretary.

 

 

San Diego, California

April 29, 2015

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT!

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, to ensure the presence of a quorum and that your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting, as well as to save us additional proxy solicitation costs, we encourage you to submit your proxy or voting instructions as soon as possible. For specific instructions as to how to vote your shares, please refer to the instructions in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials you received in the mail, or, if you’ve requested and received printed proxy materials, please refer to the instructions in the enclosed proxy card. Even if you have voted by proxy, you may still vote in person if you attend the Annual Meeting. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker or other nominee and you wish to vote at the meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from that record holder.

 

 

 

 

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Appendix A

MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.

2015 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

Mast Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby establishes and adopts the following 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (this “Plan”), which amends, restates and renames the 2014 Plan (defined below), effective as of the Effective Date.

The purpose of this Plan is to assist the Company and its Affiliates in attracting and retaining selected individuals to serve as employees, directors, consultants and/or advisors of the Company and its Affiliates who are expected to contribute to the Company's success and achievement of long-term objectives that will benefit the stockholders of the Company through the additional incentives inherent in the Awards hereunder.

2.1“2014 Plan” shall mean the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which amended, restated and renamed the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of June 19, 2014, the date on which it was approved by the stockholders of the Company.

2.2“Affiliate” shall mean, at the time of determination, any “parent” or “subsidiary” of the Company as such terms are defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  The Board or the Committee shall have the authority to determine the time or times at which “parent” or “subsidiary” status is determined within the foregoing definition.

2.3“Award” shall mean any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Other Share-Based Award, Performance Award or any other right, interest or option relating to Shares or other property (including cash) granted pursuant to the provisions of this Plan.

2.4“Award Agreement” shall mean any written agreement, contract or other instrument or document evidencing any Award granted hereunder, including through an electronic medium.

2.5“Board” shall mean the board of directors of the Company.

2.6“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

2.7“Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board or any other committee or subcommittee formed by the Board or by the Compensation Committee with the approval of the Board to act as the Committee.  The Committee may consist of no fewer than two Directors, each of whom is (i) a “Non-Employee Director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, (ii) an “outside director” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent the Board has members meeting such qualifications, and (iii) an “independent director” for purpose of the rules of the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are traded, to the extent required by such rules.  Anything to the contrary in this Plan notwithstanding, the Committee shall only have such authority as delegated to it by the Board.  The Board reserves all authority to administer this Plan.  

2.8“Consultant” shall mean any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and who provides services to the Company or any Affiliate, so long as such person (i) renders bona fide services that are not in connection with the offer and sale of the Company's securities in a capital‑raising transaction and (ii) does not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company's securities.

2.9“Covered Employee” shall mean an employee of the Company or its subsidiaries who is a “covered employee” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.

2.10“Director” shall mean a non-employee member of the Board.

2.11“Dividend Equivalents” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.

2.12“Effective Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.13.

2.13“Employee” shall mean any employee of the Company or any Affiliate and any prospective employee conditioned upon, and effective not earlier than, such person becoming an employee of the Company or any Affiliate.  

 

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2.14“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

2.15“Fair Market Value” shall mean, with respect to Shares as of any date, (i) the per Share closing sale price of the Shares reported as having occurred on the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are listed and traded on such date, or, if there was no such sale on that date, then on the last preceding date on which such a sale was reported; (ii) if the Shares are not then listed on any national securities exchange but are quoted in an inter-dealer quotation system on a last sale basis, the final ask price reported on such date, or, if there is no such sale on such date, then on the last preceding date on which a sale was reported; or (iii) if the Shares are not listed on a national securities exchange nor quoted on an inter-dealer quotation system on a last sale basis, the amount determined by the Board to be the fair market value of the Shares as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. The Fair Market Value of any property other than Shares shall mean the market value of such property determined by such methods or procedures as shall be established from time to time by the Board, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.  

2.16“Incentive Stock Option” shall mean an Option that when granted is intended to be, and qualifies as, an incentive stock option for purposes of Section 422 of the Code.

2.17“Limitations” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.5.

2.18“Net Exercise” shall mean the delivery of a properly executed exercise notice followed by a procedure pursuant to which (1) the Company will reduce the number of shares otherwise issuable to a Participant upon the exercise of an Option by the largest whole number of shares having a Fair Market Value that does not exceed the aggregate exercise price for the shares with respect to which the Option is exercised, and (2) the Participant shall pay to the Company in cash the remaining balance of such aggregate exercise price not satisfied by such reduction in the number of whole shares to be issued.

2.19“Option” shall mean any right granted to a Participant under this Plan allowing such Participant to purchase Shares at such price or prices and during such period or periods as the Board shall determine.

2.20“Other Share-Based Award” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.1.

2.21“Participant” shall mean an Employee, Consultant or Director who is selected by the Board to receive an Award under this Plan.

2.22“Payee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.2.

2.23“Performance Award” shall mean any Award of Performance Cash, Performance Shares or Performance Units granted pursuant to Article 9.

2.24“Performance Cash” shall mean any cash incentives granted pursuant to Article 9 payable to the Participant upon the achievement of such performance goals as the Board shall establish.

2.25“Performance Period” shall mean the period established by the Board during which any performance goals specified by the Board with respect to such Award are to be measured.

2.26“Performance Share” shall mean any grant pursuant to Article 9 of a unit valued by reference to a designated number of Shares, which value will be paid to the Participant upon achievement of such performance goals as the Board shall establish.

2.27“Performance Unit” shall mean any grant pursuant to Article 9 of a unit valued by reference to a designated amount of cash or property other than Shares, which value will be paid to the Participant upon achievement of such performance goals during the Performance Period as the Board shall establish.

2.28“Permitted Assignee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 12.3.

2.29“Prior Plans” shall mean, collectively, (i) the Company’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved by the stockholders of the Company on May 24, 2005, (ii) the Company’s 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which was approved by the stockholders of the Company on May 28, 2008, (iii) the Company’s Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which amended, restated and renamed the 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of June 15, 2011, the date it was approved by the stockholders of the Company, (iv) the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which amended, restated and renamed the Company’s Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of June 19, 2013, the date on which it was approved by the stockholders of the Company, and (v) the 2014 Plan.  Awards granted under the Prior Plans continue to be governed under the terms of the Prior Plans.  

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2.30“Restricted Stock” shall mean any Share issued with the restriction that the holder may not sell, transfer, pledge or assign such Share and with such other restrictions as the Board, in its sole discretion, may impose (including any restriction on the right to vote such Share and the right to receive any dividends), which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in installments or otherwise, as the Board may deem appropriate.

2.31“Restricted Stock Award” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1.

2.32“Restricted Stock Unit” means an Award that is valued by reference to a Share, which value may be paid to the Participant by delivery of such property as the Board shall determine, including without limitation, cash or Shares, or any combination thereof, and that has such restrictions as the Board, in its sole discretion, may impose, including without limitation, any restriction on the right to retain such Awards, to sell, transfer, pledge or assign such Awards, and/or to receive any cash Dividend Equivalents with respect to such Awards, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in installments or otherwise, as the Board may deem appropriate,

2.33“Restricted Stock Unit Award” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1

2.34“Services” shall mean services provided to the Company or any Affiliate or any successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof), whether as an Employee, Consultant or Director, unless, in connection with the conversion, if any, of a Participant from one classification (i.e., Employee, Consultant or Director) to another, the Board, in its sole and absolute discretion, determines that any on-going services to the Company or any Affiliate or any successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) shall not constitute “Services.”  

2.35“Shares” shall mean the shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share.

2.36“Stock Appreciation Right” shall mean the right granted to a Participant pursuant to Article 6.

2.37“Substitute Awards” shall mean Awards granted or Shares issued by the Company in assumption of, or in substitution or exchange for, awards previously granted, or the right or obligation to make future awards, in each case by a company acquired by the Company or any Affiliate or with which the Company or any Affiliate combines.

3.1Number of Shares.  (a)  Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 12.2, a total of 30,888,691 Shares shall be authorized for Awards granted under this Plan, less one (1) Share for every one (1) Share that was subject to an option or a stock appreciation right granted after December 31, 2014 under the 2014 Plan and 1.34 Shares for every one (1) Share that was subject to an award other than an option or stock appreciation right granted after December 31, 2014 under the 2014 Plan.  Any Shares that are subject to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights granted under this Plan shall be counted against this limit as one (1) Share for every one (1) Share granted, any Shares that are subject to Awards other than Options or Stock Appreciation Rights shall be counted against this limit as 1.34 Shares for every one (1) Share granted.  As of the Effective Date, no awards may be granted under any of the Prior Plans.

(b)Subject at all times to Section 13.17, if any Shares subject to an Award are forfeited or an Award expires or is settled for cash (in whole or in part) or, after December 31, 2013, any Shares subject to an award under any of the Prior Plans are forfeited or an award under any Prior Plan expires or is settled for cash (in whole or in part), the Shares subject to such Award or award under the Prior Plan shall, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration or cash settlement, again be available for Awards under this Plan, in accordance with Section 3.1(d) below.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the following Shares shall not be added to the Shares authorized for grant under paragraph (a) of this Section: (i) Shares tendered by the Participant or withheld by the Company in payment of the purchase price of an Option, or, after December 31, 2013, an option under any Prior Plan, (ii) Shares tendered by the Participant or withheld by the Company to satisfy any tax withholding obligation with respect to an Award or an award granted under any of the Prior Plans, (iii) Shares subject to a Stock Appreciation Right or, after December 31, 2014, a stock appreciation right under any Prior Plan that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the Stock Appreciation Right on exercise thereof, and (iv) Shares reacquired by the Company on the open market or otherwise using cash proceeds from the exercise of Options or options granted under any of the Prior Plans.

(c)Shares issued under Substitute Awards shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under this Plan or authorized for grant to a Participant under Section 10.5 nor shall Shares subject to a Substitute Award be added to the Shares available for Awards under the Plan as provided in paragraph (b) above.  Additionally, in the event that a company acquired by the Company or any Affiliate or with which the Company or any Affiliate combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for grant pursuant to the terms

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of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Awards under this Plan and shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under this Plan (and Shares subject to such Awards shall not be added to the Shares available for Awards under the Plan as provided in paragraphs (b) above); provided that Awards using such available shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not Employees or Directors prior to such acquisition or combination.

(d)Any Share that again becomes available for grant pursuant to this Article shall be added back as (i) one (1) Share if such Share was subject to an Option or a Stock Appreciation Right granted under this Plan or an option or a stock appreciation right granted under any of the Prior Plans, and (ii) 1.34 Shares if such Share was subject to an Award other than an Option or a Stock Appreciation Right granted under this Plan or an award other than an option or a stock appreciation right granted under any of the Prior Plans.

3.2Character of Shares.  Any Shares issued hereunder may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares or shares purchased in the open market or otherwise.

4.1Eligibility.  Any Employee, Consultant or Director shall be eligible to be selected as a Participant.

4.2Administration.  (a) This Plan shall be administered by the Board, except to the extent the Board delegates its authority to the Committee.  The Board shall have full power and authority, subject to the provisions of this Plan and subject to such orders or resolutions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan as may from time to time be adopted by the Board, to: (i) select the Employees and Directors to whom Awards may from time to time be granted hereunder; (ii) determine the type or types of Awards, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan, to be granted to each Participant hereunder; (iii) determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award granted hereunder; (iv) determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan, of any Award granted hereunder; (v) determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances Awards may be settled in cash, Shares or other property; (vi) determine whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances cash, Shares, other property and other amounts payable with respect to an Award made under this Plan shall be deferred either automatically or at the election of the Participant; (vii) determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances any Award shall be canceled or suspended; (viii) interpret and administer this Plan and any instrument or agreement entered into under or in connection with this Plan, including any Award Agreement; (ix) correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in this Plan or any Award in the manner and to the extent that the Board shall deem desirable to carry it into effect; (x) establish such rules and regulations and appoint such agents as it shall deem appropriate for the proper administration of this Plan; (xi) determine whether any Award, other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, will have Dividend Equivalents; and (xii) make any other determination and take any other action that the Board deems necessary or desirable for administration of this Plan.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent required by the rules of the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are traded or otherwise required by applicable law, any Award granted to the Company’s chief executive officer or any other officer (as that term is defined in Rule 16(a)-1(f) of the Exchange Act) shall be determined and granted solely by Directors who qualify as “independent directors” under the rules of that exchange or applicable law.

(b)Decisions of the Board shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons or entities, including the Company, any Participant, and any Affiliate.

(c)To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, including Section 162(m) of the Code, or the rules and regulations of the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are traded, the Board may delegate to (i) a committee of one or more directors of the Company any of the authority of the Board under this Plan, including the right to grant, cancel, suspend or amend Awards and (ii) to the extent permitted by law, to one or more “officers” (as that term is defined in Rule 16(a)-1(f) of the Exchange Act) of the Company, or a committee of such officers, the right to grant Awards to Employees who are not Directors or such officers and the authority to take action on behalf of the Board (or Committee (if applicable)) pursuant to this Plan to cancel or suspend Awards to Employees who are not Directors or such officers of the Company.  In the event the Board delegates any of its authority, references to the Board in this Plan shall be understood to refer to the Committee.  In addition, any reference to the “Committee” in this Plan or any Award Agreement shall mean the Board to the extent the Board has retained authority over the applicable Plan or Award Agreement provisions.

4.3Annual Limit on Awards to Directors.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan to the contrary, the aggregate grant date fair value (calculated as of the date of grant in accordance with applicable financial accounting rules) of all Awards granted to any Director during any 12-month period shall not exceed $3,000,000.

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5.1Grant of Options.  Options may be granted hereunder to Participants either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under this Plan.  Any Option shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Article and to such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan, as the Board shall deem desirable.

5.2Award Agreements.  All Options granted pursuant to this Article shall be evidenced by a written Award Agreement in such form and containing such terms and conditions as the Board shall determine which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan.  The terms of Options need not be the same with respect to each Participant.  Granting an Option pursuant to this Plan shall impose no obligation on the recipient to exercise such Option.  Any individual who is granted an Option pursuant to this Article may hold more than one Option granted pursuant to this Plan at the same time.

5.3Option Price.  Other than in connection with Substitute Awards, the option price per each Share purchasable under any Option granted pursuant to this Article shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date of grant of such Option.  Other than pursuant to Section 12.2, the Board shall not without the approval of the Company’s stockholders (a) lower the option price per Share of an Option after it is granted, (b) cancel an Option when the option price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of one Share in exchange for cash or another Award (other than in connection with a Change in Control or a Substitute Award), or (c) take any other action with respect to an Option that would be treated as a repricing under the rules and regulations of the principal securities exchange on which the Shares are traded.

5.4Option Term.  The term of each Option shall be fixed by the Board in its sole discretion; provided that no Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10) years from the date the Option is granted, except in the event of death or disability.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that on the last business day of the term of an Option that was granted under this Plan, (i) the exercise of the Option, other than an Incentive Stock Option, is prohibited by applicable law or (ii) Shares may not be purchased or sold by certain employees or directors of the Company due to the “black-out period” of a Company insider trading policy, the term of the Option shall be extended for a period of thirty (30) days following the end of the legal prohibition or black-out period, as applicable.

5.5Exercise of Options.  (a) Options granted under this Plan shall be exercised by the Participant or by a Permitted Assignee thereof (or by the Participant’s executors, administrators, guardian or legal representative, as may be provided in an Award Agreement) as to all or part of the Shares covered thereby, by giving notice of exercise to the Company or its designated agent, specifying the number of Shares to be purchased.  The notice of exercise shall be in such form, made in such manner, and in compliance with such other requirements consistent with the provisions of this Plan as the Board may prescribe from time to time.

(b)Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, full payment of such purchase price shall be made at the time of exercise and shall be made (i) in cash or cash equivalents (including certified check or bank check or wire transfer of immediately available funds), (ii) by tendering previously acquired Shares (either actually or by attestation, valued at their then Fair Market Value), (iii) with the consent of the Board, by delivery of other consideration  having a Fair Market Value on the exercise date equal to the total purchase price, (iv) with the consent of the Board, by withholding Shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Option, including a Net Exercise procedure, (v) through same-day sales through a broker, unless the Board provides otherwise in an Award Agreement, (vi) through any other method specified in an Award Agreement, or (vii) through any combination of any of the foregoing.  The notice of exercise, accompanied by such payment, shall be delivered to the Company at its principal business office or such other office as the Board may from time to time direct, and shall be in such form, containing such further provisions consistent with the provisions of this Plan, as the Board may from time to time prescribe.  In no event may any Option granted hereunder be exercised for a fraction of a Share.  No adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date of such issuance.

(c)Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Award Agreement may provide that if on the last day of the term of an Option the Fair Market Value of one Share exceeds the option price per Share, the Participant has not exercised the Option (or a tandem Stock Appreciation Right, if applicable) and the Option has not expired, the Option shall be deemed to have been exercised by the Participant on such day with payment made by withholding Shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Option.  In such event, the Company shall deliver to the Participant the number of Shares for which the Option was deemed exercised, less the number of Shares required to be withheld for the payment of the total purchase price and required withholding taxes; provided, however, any fractional Share shall be settled in cash.

(d)No Option granted to an Employee who is a non-exempt employee for purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, shall be first exercisable for any Shares until at least six months following the date of grant of the Option. Notwithstanding the foregoing, consistent with the provisions of the Worker Economic Opportunity Act, (i) in the event of such Employee’s death or disability, (ii) upon a corporate transaction in which such Option is not assumed, continued or substituted, (iii) upon a Change in Control, or (iv) upon such Employee’s retirement (as such term may be defined in the Award Agreement governing

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the Option or, if not so defined therein, as such term may be defined in the Company’s then current employment policies or guidelines), any such vested Options may be exercised earlier than six months following the date of grant.  The foregoing provision is intended to operate so that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise or vesting of an Option will be exempt from his or her regular rate of pay.

5.6Form of Settlement.  In its sole discretion, the Board may provide that the Shares to be issued upon an Option's exercise shall be in the form of Restricted Stock or other similar securities.

5.7Incentive Stock Options.  The Board may grant Options intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” as defined in Section 422 of the Code, to any employee of the Company or any Affiliate, subject to the requirements of Section 422 of the Code.  Solely for purposes of determining whether Shares are available for the grant of Incentive Stock Options under this Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be issued pursuant to Incentive Stock Options granted under this Plan shall be the number of Shares set forth in the first sentence of Section 3.1(a), subject to adjustments provided in Section 12.2.  

6.1Grant and Exercise.  The Board may provide Stock Appreciation Rights (a) in conjunction with all or part of any Option granted under this Plan or at any subsequent time during the term of such Option, (b) in conjunction with all or part of any Award (other than an Option) granted under this Plan or at any subsequent time during the term of such Award, or (c) without regard to any Option or other Award in each case upon such terms and conditions as the Board may establish in its sole discretion.  

6.2Terms and Conditions.  Stock Appreciation Rights shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan, as shall be determined from time to time by the Board, including the following:

(a)Upon the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the holder shall have the right to receive the excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date of exercise (or such amount less than such Fair Market Value as the Board shall so determine at any time during a specified period before the date of exercise) over (ii) the grant price of the Stock Appreciation Right on the date of grant, which, except in the case of Substitute Awards or in connection with an adjustment provided in Section 12.2, shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of one Share on such date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right.  

(b)The Board shall determine in its sole discretion whether payment of a Stock Appreciation Right shall be made in cash, in whole Shares or other property, or any combination thereof.

(c)The provisions of Stock Appreciation Rights need not be the same with respect to each recipient.  

(d)The Board may impose such other conditions or restrictions on the terms of exercise and the grant price of any Stock Appreciation Right, as it shall deem appropriate.  A Stock Appreciation Right shall have (i) a grant price not less than Fair Market Value on the date of grant (subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code with respect to a Stock Appreciation Right granted in conjunction with, but subsequent to, an Option), and (ii) a term not greater than ten (10) years except in the event of death or disability.  Notwithstanding clause (ii) of the preceding sentence, in the event that on the last business day of the term of a Stock Appreciation Right granted under this Plan (x) the exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right is prohibited by applicable law or (y) Shares may not be purchased or sold by certain employees or directors of the Company due to the “black-out period” of a Company insider trading policy, the term of the Stock Appreciation Right shall be extended for a period of thirty (30) days following the end of the legal prohibition or black-out period, as applicable.

(e)Without the approval of the Company’s stockholders, other than pursuant to Section 12.2, the Board shall not (i) reduce the grant price of any Stock Appreciation Right after the date of grant (ii) cancel any Stock Appreciation Right when the grant price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares in exchange for cash or another Award (other than in connection with a Change in Control or a Substitute Award)), or (iii) take any other action with respect to a Stock Appreciation Right that would be treated as a repricing under the rules and regulations of the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are traded.

(f)The Board may impose such terms and conditions on Stock Appreciation Rights granted in conjunction with any Award (other than an Option) as the Board shall determine in its sole discretion.

(g)In no event may any Stock Appreciation Right granted under this Plan be exercised for a fraction of a Share.  No adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date of such issuance.

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(h)Notwithstanding the foregoing, An Award Agreement may provide that if on the last day of the term of a Stock Appreciation Right the Fair Market Value of one Share exceeds the grant price per Share of the Stock Appreciation Right, the Participant has not exercised the Stock Appreciation Right or the tandem Option (if applicable), and the Stock Appreciation Right has not otherwise expired, the Stock Appreciation Right shall be deemed to have been exercised by the Participant on such day.  In such event, the Company shall make payment to the Participant in accordance with this Section, reduced by the number of Shares (or cash) required for withholding taxes; any fractional Share shall be settled in cash.

(i)No Stock Appreciation Right granted to an Employee who is a non-exempt employee for purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, shall be first exercisable for any Shares until at least six months following the date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right. Notwithstanding the foregoing, consistent with the provisions of the Worker Economic Opportunity Act, (i) in the event of such Employee’s death or disability, (ii) upon a corporate transaction in which such Stock Appreciation Right is not assumed, continued or substituted, (iii) upon a Change in Control, or (iv) upon such Employee’s retirement (as such term may be defined in the Award Agreement governing the Stock Appreciation Right or, if not so defined therein, as such term may be defined in the Company’s then current employment policies or guidelines), any such vested Stock Appreciation Rights may be exercised earlier than six months following the date of grant.  The foregoing provision is intended to operate so that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise or vesting of a Stock Appreciation Right will be exempt from his or her regular rate of pay.

7.1Grants.  Awards of Restricted Stock and of Restricted Stock Units may be issued hereunder to Participants either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under this Plan (a “Restricted Stock Award” or “Restricted Stock Unit Award,” respectively), and such Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Unit Awards shall also be available as a form of payment of Performance Awards and other earned cash-based incentive compensation.  A Restricted Stock Award or Restricted Stock Unit Award may be subject to vesting restrictions imposed by the Board covering a period of time specified by the Board.  The Board has absolute discretion to determine whether any consideration (other than Services) is to be received by the Company or any Affiliate as a condition precedent to the issuance of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units.

7.2Award Agreements.  The terms of any Restricted Stock Award or Restricted Stock Unit Award granted under this Plan shall be set forth in an Award Agreement which shall contain provisions determined by the Board and not inconsistent with this Plan.  The terms of Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Unit Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant.

7.3Rights of Holders of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units.  Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, beginning on the date of grant of the Restricted Stock Award and subject to execution of the Award Agreement, the Participant shall become a stockholder of the Company with respect to all Shares subject to the Award Agreement and shall have all of the rights of a stockholder, including the right to vote such Shares and the right to receive distributions made with respect to such Shares.  A Participant receiving a Restricted Stock Unit Award shall not possess voting rights with respect to such Award.  Except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement any Shares or any other property (other than cash) distributed as a dividend or otherwise with respect to any Restricted Stock Award or Restricted Stock Unit Award as to which the restrictions have not yet lapsed shall be subject to the same restrictions as such Restricted Stock Award or Restricted Stock Unit Award.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section, cash dividends, stock and any other property (other than cash) distributed as a dividend or otherwise with respect to any Restricted Stock Award or Restricted Stock Unit Award that vests based on achievement of performance goals shall either (i) not be paid or credited or (ii) be accumulated, shall be subject to restrictions and risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units with respect to which such cash, stock or other property has been distributed and shall be paid at the time such restrictions and risk of forfeiture lapse.

7.4Issuance of Shares.  Any Restricted Stock granted under this Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Board may deem appropriate, including book-entry registration or issuance of a stock certificate or certificates, which certificate or certificates shall be held by the Company or its designee.  Such certificate or certificates shall be registered in the name of the Participant and shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock.

8.1Grants.  Other Awards of Shares and other Awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based on, Shares or other property (“Other Share-Based Awards”), including deferred stock units, may be granted hereunder to Participants either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under this Plan.  Other Share-Based Awards shall also be available as a form of payment of other Awards granted under this Plan and other earned cash-based compensation.  Other Share-Based Awards may be subject to vesting restrictions imposed by the Board covering a period of time specified by the Board.  The Board has absolute discretion to determine whether any consideration (other than Services) is to be received by the Company or any Affiliate as a condition precedent to the issuance of Other Share-Based Awards.

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8.2Award Agreements.  The terms of Other Share-Based Awards granted under this Plan shall be set forth in a written Award Agreement which shall contain provisions determined by the Board and not inconsistent with this Plan.  The terms of such Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section, Dividend Equivalents and any property (other than cash) distributed as a dividend or otherwise with respect to the number of Shares covered by a Other Share-Based Award that vests based on achievement of performance goals shall be subject to restrictions and risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Shares covered by a Other Share-Based Award with respect to which such cash, Shares or other property has been distributed.

8.3Payment.  Except as may be provided in an Award Agreement, Other Share-Based Awards may be paid in cash, Shares, other property, or any combination thereof, in the sole discretion of the Board.  Other Share-Based Awards may be paid in a lump sum or in installments or, in accordance with procedures established by the Board, on a deferred basis subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

9.1Grants.  Performance Awards in the form of Performance Cash, Performance Shares or Performance Units, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, may be granted hereunder to Participants, for no consideration or for such minimum consideration as may be required by applicable law, either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under this Plan. The performance goals to be achieved for each Performance Period shall be conclusively determined by the Board and may be based upon the criteria set forth in Section 10.2.  

9.2Award Agreements.  The terms of any Performance Award granted under this Plan shall be set forth in an Award Agreement which shall contain provisions determined by the Board and not inconsistent with this Plan.  If a Performance Award will have Dividend Equivalents, provision for such shall be contained in the applicable Award Agreement, subject to Section 12.5 below. The terms of Performance Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant.

9.3Terms and Conditions.  The performance criteria to be achieved during any Performance Period and the length of the Performance Period shall be determined by the Board prior to the grant of each Performance Award.  The amount of the Award to be distributed shall be conclusively determined by the Board.  

9.4Payment.  Except as provided in Article 11 or as may be provided in an Award Agreement, Performance Awards will be distributed only after the end of the relevant Performance Period.  Performance Awards may be paid in cash, Shares, other property, or any combination thereof, in the sole discretion of the Board.  Performance Awards may be paid in a lump sum or in installments following the close of the Performance Period or, in accordance with procedures established by the Board, on a deferred basis subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

10.1Covered Employees.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, if a Committee of “outside directors” (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Code) has been delegated authority to make grants hereunder and if such Committee determines at the time a Restricted Stock Award, a Restricted Stock Unit Award, a Performance Award or an Other Share-Based Award is granted to a Participant who is, or is likely to be, as of the end of the tax year in which the Company would claim a tax deduction in connection with such Award, a Covered Employee, then the Committee may provide that this Article 10 is applicable to such Award.

10.2Performance Criteria.  If the Committee determines that a Restricted Stock Award, a Restricted Stock Unit, a Performance Award or an Other Share-Based Award is intended to be subject to this Article 10, the lapsing of restrictions thereon and the distribution of cash, Shares or other property pursuant thereto, as applicable, shall be subject to the achievement of one or more objective performance goals established by the Committee, which shall be based on the attainment of specified levels of one or any combination of the following: net sales; revenue; revenue growth or product revenue growth; operating income (before or after taxes); pre- or after-tax income (before or after allocation of corporate overhead and bonus); earnings per share; net income (before or after taxes); return on equity; total shareholder return; return on assets or net assets; return on capital (including return on total capital or return on invested capital); cash flow return on investment; appreciation in and/or maintenance of the price of the Shares or any other securities of the Company, including its publicly-traded securities or a tracking security whether actual or constructed; appreciation in and/or maintenance of the Company’s market capitalization; market share; gross profits; earnings (including earnings before taxes, earnings before interest and taxes or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization); economic value-added models or equivalent metrics; comparisons with various stock market indices or other companies; reductions in costs; cash flow or cash flow per share (before or after dividends); improvement in or attainment of expense levels, working capital levels or other levels of cash, cash equivalents and/or short-term investments at specified points in time, including year-end; operating margins, gross margins or cash margin; reductions in debt or accrued liabilities; stockholders’ equity; research and development achievements; manufacturing achievements (including manufacturing registration on process validation batches, scale-up activities, obtaining particular yields from manufacturing runs and other measurable objectives related to process development activities); regulatory achievements (including

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submitting or filing applications or other documents with regulatory authorities, having any such applications or other documents accepted for review by the applicable regulatory authority or receiving approval of any such applications or other documents); passing pre-approval inspections (whether of the Company or the Company’s third-party manufacturer) and validation of manufacturing processes (whether the Company’s or the Company’s third-party manufacturer’s); clinical achievements (including initiating clinical or bioequivalence studies; initiating enrollment, achieving particular rates of enrollment or enrollment of particular numbers of subjects, or completing enrollment in clinical or bioequivalence studies; dosing the first patient in a clinical or bioequivalence study; completing phases of a clinical or bioequivalence study (including the treatment phase) or announcing or presenting preliminary or final data from clinical or bioequivalence studies (in each case, whether on particular timelines or generally)); strategic partnerships or transactions (including in-licensing and out-licensing of intellectual property; establishing relationships with commercial entities with respect to the marketing, distribution and sale of the Company’s products (including with group purchasing organizations, distributors and other vendors); supply chain achievements (including establishing relationships with manufacturers or suppliers of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other component materials and manufacturers of the Company’s products); co-development, co-marketing, profit sharing, joint venture or other similar arrangements; financing and other capital raising transactions (including sales of the Company’s equity or debt securities; factoring transactions; sales or licenses of the Company’s assets, including its intellectual property, whether in a particular jurisdiction or territory or globally; or through partnering transactions); and implementation, completion or attainment of measurable objectives with respect to research, development, manufacturing, commercialization, products or projects, production volume levels, acquisitions and divestitures and recruiting and maintaining personnel.  Such performance goals also may be based solely by reference to the Company’s performance or the performance of an Affiliate, division, business segment or business unit of the Company, or based upon the relative performance of other companies or upon comparisons of any of the indicators of performance relative to other companies.  The Committee may also exclude charges related to an event or occurrence which the Committee determines should appropriately be excluded, including (a) restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges, (b) an event either not directly related to the operations of the Company or not within the reasonable control of the Company’s management, or (c) the cumulative effects of tax or accounting changes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  Such performance goals (and any exclusions) shall be set by the Committee within the time period prescribed by, and shall otherwise comply with the requirements of, Section 162(m) of the Code, and the regulations thereunder.

10.3Adjustments.  Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan (other than Article 11), with respect to any Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Performance Award or Other Share-Based Award that is subject to this Section 10, the Committee may adjust downwards, but not upwards, the amount payable pursuant to such Award, and the Committee may not waive the achievement of the applicable performance goals, except in the case of the death or disability of the Participant or as otherwise determined by the Committee in special circumstances.

10.4Restrictions.  The Committee shall have the power to impose such other restrictions on Awards subject to this Article as it may deem necessary or appropriate to ensure that such Awards satisfy all requirements for “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.

10.5Limitations on Grants to Individual Participants.  Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 12.2, no Participant may (i) be granted Options or Stock Appreciation Rights during any 12-month period with respect to more than 4,000,000 Shares and (ii) earn more than 4,000,000 Shares under Restricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Unit Awards, Performance Awards and/or Other Share-Based Awards in any 12-month period that are intended to comply with the performance-based exception under Code Section 162(m) and are denominated in Shares (collectively, the “Limitations”).  In addition to the foregoing, the maximum dollar value that may be earned by any Participant in any 12-month period with respect to Performance Awards that are intended to comply with the performance-based exception under Code Section 162(m) and are denominated in cash is $2,000,000.  Each of the limitations in this section shall be multiplied by two (2) with respect to Awards granted to a Participant during the first calendar year in which the Participant commences employment with the Company or any Company subsidiaries.  If an Award is cancelled, the cancelled Award shall continue to be counted toward the applicable Limitations.  

11.1Impact on Certain Awards.  Award Agreements may provide that in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in Section 11.3), Options and Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding as of the date of the Change in Control shall be cancelled and terminated without payment if the Fair Market Value of one Share as of the date of the Change in Control is less than the per Share Option exercise price or Stock Appreciation Right grant price.

11.2Assumption or Substitution of Certain Awards.  (a)  Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, in the event of a Change in Control in which the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) assumes or substitutes for an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Share-Based Award, if a Participant’s employment with such successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) terminates within 24 months following such Change in Control (or such other period set forth in the Award Agreement, including prior thereto if applicable) and under the circumstances

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specified in the Award Agreement: (i) Options and Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding as of the date of such termination of employment will immediately vest, become fully exercisable, and may thereafter be exercised for 24 months (or the period of time set forth in the Award Agreement), (ii) restrictions, limitations and other conditions applicable to Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units shall lapse and the Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units shall become free of all restrictions and limitations and become fully vested, and (iii) the restrictions, limitations and other conditions applicable to any Other Share-Based Awards or any other Awards shall lapse, and such Other Share-Based Awards or such other Awards shall become free of all restrictions, limitations or conditions and become fully vested and transferable to the full extent of the original grant.  For the purposes of this Section 11.2, an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Share-Based Award shall be considered assumed or substituted for if following the Change in Control the Award (or its substitute) confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share subject to the Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Share-Based Award immediately prior to the Change in Control, the consideration (whether stock, cash or other securities or property) received in the transaction constituting a Change in Control by holders of Shares for each Share held on the effective date of such transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the transaction constituting a Change in Control is not solely common stock of the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof), the Board may, with the consent of the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof), provide that the consideration to be received upon the exercise or vesting of an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Share-Based Award, for each Share subject thereto, will be solely common stock of the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) substantially equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Shares in the transaction constituting a Change in Control.  The determination of such substantial equality of value of consideration shall be made by the Board in its sole discretion and its determination shall be conclusive and binding.

(b)Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, in the event of a Change in Control to the extent the successor company (or a subsidiary or parent thereof) does not assume or substitute for an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Other Share-Based Award, or Performance Award: (i) those Options and Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding as of the date of the Change in Control that are not assumed or substituted for shall immediately vest and become fully exercisable, (ii) restrictions and other limitations on Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units that are not assumed or substituted for shall lapse and the Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units shall become free of all restrictions and limitations and become fully vested, (iii) the restrictions, other limitations and other conditions applicable to any Other Share-Based Awards or any other Awards that are not assumed or substituted for shall lapse, and such Other Share-Based Awards or such other Awards shall become free of all restrictions, limitations or conditions and become fully vested and transferable to the full extent of the original grant, (iv) all Performance Awards not assumed or substituted for shall be considered earned and payable in full, and any deferral or other restriction shall lapse and such Performance Award shall be settled or distributed immediately, and (v) all Awards not assumed or substituted for shall terminate immediately after the Change in Control.  

(c)The Board, in its discretion, may determine that, upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, each Option and Stock Appreciation Right outstanding shall terminate within a specified number of days after notice to the Participant, and/or that each Participant shall receive, with respect to each Share subject to such Option or Stock Appreciation Right, an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of such Share immediately prior to the occurrence of such Change in Control over the exercise price per share of such Option and/or Stock Appreciation Right; such amount to be payable in cash, in one or more kinds of stock or property (including the stock or property, if any, payable in the transaction) or in a combination thereof, as the Board, in its discretion, shall determine.

11.3Change in Control.  For purposes of this Plan, unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, Change in Control means the occurrence of any one of the following events after the date of approval of this Plan by the Board:

(a)Over a period of 36 consecutive months or less, there is a change in the composition of the Board such that a majority of the Board members (rounded up to the next whole number, if a fraction) ceases, by reason of one or more proxy contests for the election of Board members, to be composed of individuals who either (i) have been Board members continuously since the beginning of that period, or (ii) have been elected or nominated for election as Board members during such period by at least a majority of the Board members described in the preceding clause (i) who were still in office at the time that election or nomination was approved by the Board; provided, however, that no individual initially elected or nominated as a director of the Company as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to directors or as a result of any other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies by or on behalf of any person other than the Board shall be deemed to satisfy the criteria described in the preceding clause (ii);

(b)Any person or group of persons (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) directly or indirectly acquires beneficial ownership (determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of securities possessing more than 50% of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to the Company’s stockholders that the Board does not recommend such stockholders accept, other than (i) the Company or any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, business trust, or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common

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control with the Company (each, for purposes of this Section 11.3(b), an “affiliate”), (ii) an employee benefit plan of the Company or an affiliate, (iii) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or an affiliate, or (iv) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities;

(c)The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another person or the sale, transfer, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to one or more other persons in a single transaction or series of related transactions that requires the approval of the Company’s stockholders, whether for such transaction or the issuance of securities in such transaction (a “Business Combination”), unless in connection with such Business Combination securities possessing more than 50% of the total combined voting power of the survivor’s or acquiror’s outstanding securities (or the securities of any parent thereof) are held by a person or persons who held securities possessing more than 50% of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities (“Company Voting Securities”) immediately prior to such Business Combination and such voting power among the holders thereof is in substantially the same proportion as the voting power of such Company Voting Securities among the holders thereof immediately prior to such Business Combination;

(d)The stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or the consummation of a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; or

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur solely because any person acquires beneficial ownership of more than 50% of the Company Voting Securities as a result of the acquisition of Company Voting Securities by the Company which reduces the number of Company Voting Securities outstanding; provided, that if after such acquisition by the Company such person becomes the beneficial owner of additional Company Voting Securities that increases the percentage of outstanding Company Voting Securities beneficially owned by such person, a Change in Control shall then occur.

12.1Amendment and Termination of this Plan.  The Board may, from time to time, alter, amend, suspend or terminate this Plan as it shall deem advisable, subject to any requirement for stockholder approval imposed by applicable law, including the rules and regulations of the principal U.S. national securities exchange on which the Shares are traded; provided that the Board may not amend this Plan in any manner that would result in noncompliance with Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act; and further provided that the Board may not, without the approval of the Company's stockholders, amend this Plan to (a) increase the number of Shares that may be the subject of Awards under this Plan (except for adjustments pursuant to Section 12.2), (b) expand the types of awards available under this Plan, (c) materially expand the class of persons eligible to participate in this Plan, (d) amend any provision of Section 5.3 or Section 6.2(e), (e) increase the maximum permissible term of any Option specified by Section 5.4 or the maximum permissible term of a Stock Appreciation Right specified by Section 6.2(d), or (f) increase the Limitations.  The Board may not, without the approval of the Company’s stockholders, take any other action with respect to an Option or Stock Appreciation Right that would be treated as a repricing under the rules and regulations of the principal securities exchange on which the Shares are traded, including a reduction of the exercise price of an Option or the grant price of a Stock Appreciation Right, the exchange or cancellation of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right for another Award, or the exchange or cancellation of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right for cash.  In addition, no amendments to, or termination of, this Plan shall impair the rights of a Participant in any material respect under any Award previously granted without such Participant's consent.

12.2Adjustments.  In the event of any merger, reorganization, consolidation, recapitalization, dividend or distribution (whether in cash, shares or other property, other than a regular cash dividend), stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off or similar transaction or other change in corporate structure affecting the Shares or the value thereof, such adjustments and other substitutions shall be made to this Plan and to Awards as the Board deems equitable or appropriate taking into consideration the accounting and tax consequences, including such adjustments in the aggregate number, class and kind of securities that may be delivered under this Plan, the Limitations, the maximum number of Shares that may be issued as Incentive Stock Options and, in the aggregate or to any one Participant, in the number, class, kind and option or exercise price of securities subject to outstanding Awards granted under this Plan (including, if the Board deems appropriate, the substitution of similar options to purchase the shares of, or other awards denominated in the shares of, another company) as the Board may determine to be appropriate; provided, however, that the number of Shares subject to any Award shall always be a whole number.

12.3Transferability of Awards.  Except as provided below, no Award and no Shares that have not been issued or as to which any applicable restriction, performance or deferral period has not lapsed, may be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and such Award may be exercised during the life of the Participant only by the Participant or the Participant’s guardian or legal representative.  To the extent and under such terms and conditions as determined by the Board, a Participant may assign or transfer an Award without consideration (each transferee thereof, a “Permitted Assignee”) to (i) the Participant’s spouse, children or grandchildren (including any adopted and step children or grandchildren), parents, grandparents or siblings, (ii) to a trust for the benefit of one or more of the Participant or the persons referred to in clause (i), (iii) to a partnership, limited liability company or corporation in which the Participant or the persons referred to in

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clause (i) are the only partners, members or shareholders or (iv) for charitable donations; provided that such Permitted Assignee shall be bound by and subject to all of the terms and conditions of this Plan and the Award Agreement relating to the transferred Award and shall execute an agreement satisfactory to the Company evidencing such obligations; and provided further that such Participant shall remain bound by the terms and conditions of this Plan.  The Company shall cooperate with any Permitted Assignee and the Company’s transfer agent in effectuating any transfer permitted under this Section.

12.4Termination of Employment.  The Board shall determine and set forth in each Award Agreement whether any Awards granted in such Award Agreement will continue to be exercisable, and the terms of such exercise, on and after the date that a Participant ceases to be employed by or to provide services to the Company or any Affiliate (including as a Director), whether by reason of death, disability, voluntary or involuntary termination of employment or services, or otherwise.  The date of termination of a Participant’s employment or services will be determined by the Board, which determination will be final.

12.5Deferral; Dividend Equivalents.  The Board shall be authorized to establish procedures pursuant to which the payment of any Award may be deferred.  Subject to the provisions of this Plan and any Award Agreement, the recipient of an Award other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right may, if so determined by the Board, be entitled to receive, currently or on a deferred basis, cash, stock or other property dividends, or cash payments in amounts equivalent to cash, stock or other property dividends on Shares (“Dividend Equivalents”) with respect to the number of Shares covered by the Award, as determined by the Board, in its sole discretion.  The Board may provide that such amounts and Dividend Equivalents (if any) shall be deemed to have been reinvested in additional Shares or otherwise reinvested and may provide that such amounts and Dividend Equivalents are subject to the same vesting or performance conditions as the underlying Award.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Dividend Equivalents credited in connection with an Award that vests based on the achievement of performance goals shall be subject to restrictions and risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Award with respect to which such Dividend Equivalents have been credited.

13.1Award Agreements.  Each Award Agreement shall either be (a) in writing in a form approved by the Board and executed by the Company by an officer duly authorized to act on its behalf, or (b) an electronic notice in a form approved by the Board and recorded by the Company (or its designee) in an electronic recordkeeping system used for the purpose of tracking one or more types of Awards as the Board may provide; in each case and if required by the Board, the Award Agreement shall be executed or otherwise electronically accepted by the recipient of the Award in such form and manner as the Board may require.  The Board may authorize any officer of the Company to execute any or all Award Agreements on behalf of the Company.  The Award Agreement shall set forth the material terms and conditions of the Award as established by the Board consistent with the provisions of this Plan.

13.2Tax Withholding.  The Company shall have the right to make all payments or distributions pursuant to this Plan to a Participant (or a Permitted Assignee thereof) (any such person, a “Payee”) net of any applicable federal, state and local taxes required to be paid or withheld as a result of (a) the grant of any Award, (b) the exercise of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, (c) the delivery of Shares or cash, (d) the lapse of any restrictions in connection with any Award or (e) any other event occurring pursuant to this Plan.  The Company or any Affiliate shall have the right to withhold from wages or other amounts otherwise payable to such Payee such withholding taxes as may be required by law, or to otherwise require the Payee to pay such withholding taxes.  If the Payee shall fail to make such tax payments as are required, the Company or its Affiliates shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to such Payee or to take such other action as may be necessary to satisfy such withholding obligations.  The Board shall be authorized to establish procedures for election by Participants to satisfy such obligation for the payment of such taxes by tendering previously acquired Shares (either actually or by attestation, valued at their then Fair Market Value), or by directing the Company to retain Shares (up to the Participant’s minimum required tax withholding rate or such other rate that will not cause an adverse accounting consequence or cost) otherwise deliverable in connection with the Award.

13.3Right of Discharge Reserved; Claims to Awards.  Nothing in this Plan nor the grant of an Award hereunder shall confer upon any Employee or Director the right to continue in the employment or service of the Company or any Affiliate or affect any right that the Company or any Affiliate may have to terminate the employment or service of (or to demote or to exclude from future Awards under this Plan) any such Employee or Director at any time for any reason.  Except as specifically provided by the Board, the Company shall not be liable for the loss of existing or potential profit from an Award granted in the event of termination of an employment or other relationship.  No Employee or Participant shall have any claim to be granted any Award under this Plan, and there is no obligation for uniformity of treatment of Employees or Participants under this Plan.

13.4Substitute Awards.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, the terms of Substitute Awards may vary from the terms set forth in this Plan to the extent the Board deems appropriate to conform, in whole or in part, to the provisions of the awards in substitution for which they are granted.

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13.5Cancellation of Award; Forfeiture of Gain.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, an Award Agreement may provide that the Award shall be canceled if the Participant, without the consent of the Company, while employed by, or providing services to, the Company or any Affiliate or after termination of such employment or services, violates a non-competition, non-solicitation or non-disclosure covenant or agreement or otherwise engages in activity that is in conflict with or adverse to the interest of the Company or any Affiliate (including conduct contributing to any financial restatements or financial irregularities), as determined by the Board.  The Board may provide in an Award Agreement that if within the time period specified in the Agreement the Participant establishes a relationship with a competitor or engages in an activity referred to in the preceding sentence, the Participant will forfeit any gain realized on the vesting or exercise of the Award and must repay such gain to the Company.

13.6Stop Transfer Orders.  All certificates for Shares delivered under this Plan pursuant to any Award shall be subject to such stop-transfer orders and other restrictions as the Board may deem advisable under the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which the Shares are then listed, and any applicable federal or state securities law, and the Board may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

13.7Nature of Payments.  All Awards made pursuant to this Plan are in consideration of services performed or to be performed for the Company or any Affiliate, division or business unit of the Company.  Any income or gain realized pursuant to Awards under this Plan constitute a special incentive payment to the Participant and shall not be taken into account, to the extent permissible under applicable law, as compensation for purposes of any of the employee benefit plans of the Company or any Affiliate except as may be determined by the Board or board of directors of the applicable Affiliate.

13.8Other Plans.  Nothing contained in this Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements, subject to stockholder approval if such approval is required; and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

13.9Severability.  If any provision of this Plan shall be held unlawful or otherwise invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part by a court of competent jurisdiction, such provision shall (a) be deemed limited to the extent that such court of competent jurisdiction deems it lawful, valid and/or enforceable and as so limited shall remain in full force and effect, and (b) not affect any other provision of this Plan or part thereof, each of which shall remain in full force and effect.  If the making of any payment or the provision of any other benefit required under this Plan shall be held unlawful or otherwise invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, such unlawfulness, invalidity or unenforceability shall not prevent any other payment or benefit from being made or provided under this Plan, and if the making of any payment in full or the provision of any other benefit required under this Plan in full would be unlawful or otherwise invalid or unenforceable, then such unlawfulness, invalidity or unenforceability shall not prevent such payment or benefit from being made or provided in part, to the extent that it would not be unlawful, invalid or unenforceable, and the maximum payment or benefit that would not be unlawful, invalid or unenforceable shall be made or provided under this Plan.

13.10Construction.  As used in this Plan, the words “include” and “including,” and variations thereof, shall not be deemed to be terms of limitation, but rather shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.”  

13.11Unfunded Status of this Plan.  This Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive compensation.  With respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant by the Company, nothing contained herein shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the Company.  In its discretion, the Board may authorize the creation of trusts or other arrangements to meet the obligations created under this Plan to deliver the Shares or payments in lieu of or with respect to Awards hereunder; provided, however, that the existence of such trusts or other arrangements is consistent with the unfunded status of this Plan.

13.12Governing Law.  This Plan and all determinations made and actions taken thereunder, to the extent not otherwise governed by the Code or the laws of the United States, shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, without reference to principles of conflict of laws, and construed accordingly.

13.13Effective Date of Plan; Termination of Plan.  This Plan shall be effective on the date of the approval of this Plan by the holders of a sufficient number of the shares entitled to vote at a duly constituted meeting of the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”), and on such date this Plan shall amend and restate in its entirety the 2014 Plan.  This Plan shall be null and void and of no effect if the foregoing condition is not fulfilled and, in such event, the 2014 Plan shall remain in effect as adopted on June 19, 2014.  Awards may be granted under this Plan at any time and from time to time on or prior to the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, on which date this Plan will expire except as to Awards then outstanding under this Plan.  Such outstanding Awards shall remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired.

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13.14Foreign Participants.  Awards may be granted to Participants who are foreign nationals or employed or providing Services outside the United States, or both, on such terms and conditions different from those applicable to Awards to Participants employed or providing Services in the United States as may, in the judgment of the Board, be necessary or desirable in order to recognize differences in local law or tax policy.  The Board also may impose conditions on the exercise or vesting of Awards in order to minimize the Company's obligation with respect to tax equalization for Participants on assignments outside their home country.

13.15Compliance with Section 409A of the Code. This Plan is intended to comply and shall be administered in a manner that is intended to comply with Section 409A of the Code and shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent.  To the extent that an Award or the payment, settlement or deferral thereof is subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Award shall be granted, paid, settled or deferred in a manner that will comply with Section 409A of the Code, including regulations or other guidance issued with respect thereto, except as otherwise determined by the Board.  Any provision of this Plan that would cause the grant of an Award or the payment, settlement or deferral thereof to fail to satisfy Section 409A of the Code shall be amended to comply with Section 409A of the Code on a timely basis, which may be made on a retroactive basis, in accordance with regulations and other guidance issued under Section 409A of the Code.

13.16Captions.  The captions in this Plan are for convenience of reference only, and are not intended to narrow, limit or affect the substance or interpretation of the provisions contained herein.

13.17No Registration Rights; No Right to Settle in Cash.  The Company has no obligation to register with any governmental body or organization (including, without limitation, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission “SEC”)) any of (a) the offer or issuance of any Award, (b) any Shares issuable upon the exercise of any Award, or (c) the sale of any Shares issued upon exercise of any Award, regardless of whether the Company in fact undertakes to register any of the foregoing.  In particular, in the event that any of (x) any offer or issuance of any Award, (y) any Shares issuable upon exercise of any Award, or (z) the sale of any Shares issued upon exercise of any Award are not registered with any governmental body or organization (including, without limitation, the SEC), the Company will not under any circumstance be required to settle its obligations, if any, under this Plan in cash.

13.18Forfeiture Events.  If the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, any Participant who knowingly or through gross negligence engaged in the misconduct, or who knowingly or through gross negligence failed to prevent the misconduct, and any Participant who is one of the individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, shall reimburse the Company for (i) the amount of any payment in settlement of an Award received by such Participant during the 12‑month period following the first public issuance or filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (whichever first occurred) of the financial document embodying such financial reporting requirement, and (ii) any profits realized by such Participant from the sale of securities of the Company during such 12‑month period. In addition, to the extent claw-back or similar provisions applicable to Awards are required by applicable law, listing standards and/or policies adopted by the Company, Awards granted under the Plan shall be subject to such provisions.

 

 

 

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MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC. ATTN: CORPORATE SECRETARY 3611 Valley Centre Drive, SUITE 500 SAN DIEGO, CA 92130  VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.  Electronic Delivery of Future PROXY MATERIALS If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years.  VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.  VOTE BY MAIL Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.  IF YOU HAVE VOTED VIA THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE, THERE IS NO NEED FOR YOU TO MAIL BACK YOUR PROXY CARD. THANK YOU FOR VOTING.  TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS:  M90782-TBD  KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS  THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.  DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY  MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.  The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following:  1. To elect five directors to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are elected or until their earlier resignation or removal.  Nominees:  1a. Brian M. Culley  1b. Howard C. Dittrich  1c. Jack Lief  1d. David A. Ramsay  1e. Lewis J. Shuster  For Against Abstain  The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 and 3:  2. To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015.  3. To approve the Mast Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive plan.  NOTE: Such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.  For Against Abstain  For address changes and/or comments, please check this box and write them on the back where indicated.  Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer.  Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX]  Date  Signature (Joint Owners)  Date  

 

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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 11, 2015: The Notice and Proxy Statement and Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com.   MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC. This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors for use at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 11, 2015  The stockholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Brian M. Culley and Brandi L. Roberts, or either of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his or her substitute, and hereby authorize(s) them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this proxy card and in their discretion upon any other matter than may properly come before the meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof, all shares of common stock of MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC. that the stockholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at 9:00 AM PDT on June 11, 2015, at the Company's offices located at 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130, and any adjournment or postponement thereof. By signing this proxy, the stockholder(s) revoke any prior proxy given for use at the Annual Meeting.  This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted as specified by the stockholder(s) on the reverse side. If no choice is specified, this proxy will be voted "FOR" each of the director nominees listed on the reverse side and"FOR" Proposals 2 and 3.  Address Changes/Comments:  (If you noted any Address Changes/Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.)  Continued and to be signed on reverse side