FORM 6-K
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549


Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934


For August 6, 2010

Commission File Number: 001-10306

The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc

RBS, Gogarburn, PO Box 1000
Edinburgh EH12 1HQ

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F    X     Form 40-F        

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):_________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):_________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes           No    X  



If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82- ________





The following information was issued as a Company announcement in London, England and is furnished pursuant to General Instruction B to the General Instructions to Form 6-K:


 

Risk and capital management

 

Except as otherwise indicated by an asterix (*), the information in the Risk and capital management section on pages 78 to 143 has been reviewed by the Group's external auditors as part of the half year report.

 

Presentation of information

The disclosures in this section have been prepared to include only those business units of ABN AMRO that have been retained by RBS.

 

Overview*

Risk and capital management across the Group is based on the risk appetite set by the Board, which sets strategic direction, contributes to, and ultimately approves annual plans for each division and regularly reviews and monitors the Group's performance in relation to risk through monthly risk management reports and meetings.

 

The Group's 2009 accounts articulate the enhanced risk governance structure implemented to support execution of the Group's risk and capital management strategy.  In the first half of 2010, the Group's risk appetite has been reviewed by the Board and the Group's strategic plans have been reassessed and are aligned to that appetite.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Capital

The Group aims to maintain an appropriate level of capital to meet its business needs and regulatory requirements as capital adequacy and risk management are closely aligned. The Group's regulatory capital resources calculated in accordance with FSA definitions are set out below. 

 

 

30 June 

 2010 

31 March 

2010 

31 December 

 2009 

Composition of regulatory capital (proportional)

£m 

£m 

£m 

       

Tier 1

     

Ordinary and B shareholders' equity

72,058 

70,830 

69,890 

Minority interests

2,109 

2,305 

2,227 

Adjustments for:

     

- Goodwill and other intangible assets - continuing businesses

(14,482)

(14,683)

(14,786)

- Goodwill and other intangible assets - discontinued businesses

(757)

(678)

(238)

- Unrealised losses on available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities

1,553 

1,654 

1,888 

- Reserves: revaluation of property and unrealised gains on AFS equities

(117)

(209)

(207)

- Reallocation of preference shares and innovative securities

(548)

(656)

(656)

- Other regulatory adjustments

(1,229)

(833)

(950)

Less excess of expected losses over provisions net of tax

(1,903)

(2,197)

(2,558)

Less securitisation positions

(2,004)

(1,858)

(1,353)

Less APS first loss

(4,936)

(4,992)

(5,106)

       

Core Tier 1 capital

49,744 

48,683 

48,151 

Preference shares

5,630 

10,906 

11,265 

Innovative Tier 1 securities

4,768 

2,857 

2,772 

Tax on the excess of expected losses over provisions

759 

876 

1,020 

Less deductions from Tier 1 capital

(271)

(347)

(310)

       

Total Tier 1 capital

60,630 

62,975 

62,898

       

Tier 2

     

Reserves: revaluation of property and unrealised gains on AFS equities

117 

209 

207 

Collective impairment provisions

763 

769 

796 

Perpetual subordinated debt

1,839 

4,301 

4,200 

Term subordinated debt

16,829 

18,742 

18,120 

Minority and other interests in Tier 2 capital

11 

11 

11 

Less deductions from Tier 2 capital

(4,937)

(5,278)

(5,241)

Less APS first loss

(4,936)

(4,992)

(5,106)

       

Total Tier 2 capital

9,686 

13,762 

12,987 

       

Supervisory deductions

     

Unconsolidated Investments

     

- RBS Insurance

(4,016)

(4,123)

(4,068)

- Other investments

(176)

(416)

(404)

Other deductions

(274)

(73)

(93)

       

Deductions from total capital

(4,466)

(4,612)

(4,565)

       

Total regulatory capital

65,850 

72,125 

71,320 




 
 


Risk and capital management(continued)

 

Capital (continued)

 

 

30 June 

 2010 

31 March 

2010 

31 December 

 2009 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

       

Risk-weighted assets*

     

Credit risk

409,400 

433,200 

410,400 

Counterparty risk

80,200 

55,000 

56,500 

Market risk

70,600 

62,000 

65,000 

Operational risk

37,100 

35,300 

33,900 

       
 

597,300 

585,500 

565,800 

Asset Protection Scheme relief

(123,400)

(124,800)

(127,600)

       
 

473,900 

460,700 

438,200 



 

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

Risk asset ratio*

       

Core Tier 1

10.5 

10.6 

11.0 

Tier 1

12.8 

13.7 

14.4 

Total

13.9 

15.7 

16.3 



 

Key points*

·

Risk-weighted assets increased by 3% to £474 billion between Q1 2010 and Q2 2010. 

   

·

The RWAs relating to credit and counterparty risk in aggregate were broadly flat. The increase in market risk RWAs was due to a new event risk charge.



 

 

 

 

 

  

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Regulatory developments*

 

European Directives

The European Commission has issued various proposals to change the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD).

 

The first set of changes (usually referred to as CRD2) dealing with own funds, large exposures, supervisory arrangements and crisis management must be applied from 31 December 2010.

 

The second set of changes (dealing primarily with capital requirements for the trading book and re-securitisations, and remuneration requirements - CRD3), has taken longer to go through the EU legislative process. It is expected that CRD3 will be adopted by the EU in the near future, and that the provisions on remuneration will take effect as of 1 January 2011, and the deadline for implementing CRD3's capital requirements will be 31 December 2011.

 

The consultative paper on the third set of changes (CRD4) dealing with the definition of capital, capital requirements for counterparty exposures on derivatives, repurchase agreements and securities financing activities, introduction of a leverage ratio, countercyclical capital measures and minimum liquidity standards is anticipated shortly after the finalisation of the Basel Committee's proposals on these matters.

 

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

In December 2009, the Basel Committee issued proposals to strengthen the capital and liquidity of banks.  The key elements include: raising the quality, consistency and transparency of regulatory capital; increased capital requirements for counterparty exposures on derivatives, repurchase agreements and securities financing activities; the introduction of a leverage ratio; promotion of countercyclical measures to encourage build up of capital buffers and more forward-looking provisioning based on expected losses instead of the current 'incurred loss' provisioning model; and the introduction of a global minimum liquidity standard for internationally active banks, including a short-term liquidity coverage ratio requirement underpinned by a longer-term structural liquidity ratio. The Committee is carrying out an impact assessment to calibrate the new requirements before issuing final proposals by the end of 2010 for a phased implementation commencing in 2012.

 

The Committee is continuing to work on its proposals to strengthen the capital and liquidity of banks issued in December 2009 in the light of comments received from the industry and the results of the quantitative impact study. A complete package of reforms, including design and calibration, is expected to be delivered in time for the November 2010 G20 leaders summit in Seoul.

 

The Group is working with trade bodies and also responding directly to the various consultations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed


 

Risk and capital management(continued)

 

Regulatory developments* (continued)

 

US

The US has passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. This includes provisions covering: (i) the establishment of a Financial Stability Oversight Council to monitor systemic risk, including the identification of systemically important firms which will be subject to stricter prudential measures; (ii) setting up a liquidation process for failed firms without recourse to the taxpayer; (iii) increased scrutiny of private equity and hedge funds; (iv) the preclusion of most proprietary trading and limits the amount of a bank's investments in private equity and hedge firms; (v) regulation of derivatives, requiring most over-the-counter instruments to be routed through exchanges and clearing houses and riskier derivatives to be undertaken by a banks' affiliates. The various US regulators must now develop the necessary rules to implement the Act.

 

 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management(continued)

 

Credit risk

 

Credit risk is the risk arising from the possibility that the Group will incur losses owing to the failure of customers to meet their financial obligations.  The quantum and nature of credit risk assumed across the Group's different businesses varies considerably, while the overall credit risk outcome usually exhibits a high degree of correlation to the macroeconomic environment.

 

Credit risk assets*

Credit risk assets consist of gross loans and advances (including overdraft facilities), instalment credit, trade finance, finance lease receivables, trade-related instruments, financial guarantees and traded instruments across all customer types.  Reverse repurchase agreements and issuer risk (primarily debt securities - see page 100) are excluded.  Where relevant, and unless otherwise stated, the data reflects the effect of credit mitigation techniques.  During the first quarter of 2010, the integration of RBS N.V. onto the Group's risk management and reporting systems was substantially completed.  Prior period figures were revised to reflect the alignment of RBS N.V. data definitions and specifications with Group standards.

 

The table below analyses the Group's credit risk assets by division.

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

       

UK Retail

105,611 

102,978 

103,029 

UK Corporate

108,965 

112,142 

110,009 

Wealth

17,481 

17,010 

16,553 

Global Banking & Markets

181,285 

204,397 

205,588 

Global Transaction Services

36,775 

38,360 

32,428 

Ulster Bank

40,523 

43,617 

42,042 

US Retail & Commercial

55,177 

54,758 

52,104 

Other

17,982 

3,520 

3,305 

       

Core

563,799 

576,782 

565,058 

Non-Core

143,072 

154,903 

158,499 

       

Group

706,871 

731,685 

 

723,557 



 

Key points

·

The aggregate portfolio continued to contract during the first half of the year, driven by a 10% reduction in Non-Core.

   

·

The reduction in Global Banking & Markets, in part, reflects a transfer of liquidity management activity to Group Treasury, now reported under 'Other' in the table above.

   

·

The growth in US Retail & Commercial reflects the weakening of Sterling against US dollar in the period - in constant currency terms, the portfolio contracted by 2%.



 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management(continued)

 

Credit risk (continued)

 

Credit risk assets: Country concentration risk*

 

The country risk table below shows credit risk assets exceeding £1 billion by borrowers domiciled in countries with an external rating of A+ and below, from Standard & Poor's, Moody's and/or Fitch, and is stated gross of mitigating action, which may have been taken to reduce or eliminate exposure to country risk events.

 

 

Personal 

Central 

 and local 

 government 

Banks and 

financial 

 institutions 

Corporate 

Total 

Core 

Non-Core 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

               

30 June 2010

             

Italy

28 

165 

2,210 

3,495 

5,898 

3,607 

2,291 

India

458 

1,616 

3,800 

5,876 

5,033 

843 

China

39 

118 

1,862 

1,097 

3,116 

2,784 

332 

Turkey

11 

297 

555 

1,757 

2,620 

1,742 

878 

South Korea

1,537 

965 

2,503 

2,438 

65 

Russia

66 

217 

1,938 

2,221 

2,024 

197 

Mexico

42 

189 

1,339 

1,571 

1,065 

506 

Brazil

1,127 

334 

1,465 

1,311 

154 

Romania

445 

80 

214 

680 

1,419 

31 

1,388 

Poland

20 

94 

1,205 

1,327 

1,175 

152 

Portugal

21 

414 

811 

1,252 

846 

406 

Pakistan

129 

197 

837 

1,164 

129 

1,035 

               

31 December 2009

             

Italy

27 

91 

1,704 

5,697 

7,519 

3,921 

3,598 

India

619 

305 

1,045 

3,144 

5,113 

4,308 

805 

China

51 

50 

1,336 

1,102 

2,539 

2,198 

341 

Turkey

11 

302 

628 

2,010 

2,951 

2,190 

761 

South Korea

1,575 

1,448 

3,024 

2,916 

108 

Russia

41 

172 

2,045 

2,258 

1,782 

476 

Mexico

276 

1,304 

1,583 

694 

889 

Brazil

902 

423 

1,328 

1,113 

215 

Romania

508 

102 

438 

753 

1,801 

66 

1,735 

Poland

57 

85 

1,582 

1,730 

1,617 

113 

Portugal

42 

324 

1,007 

1,378 

952 

426 

Pakistan

137 

203 

573 

921 

100 

821 



 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - by country concentration risk* (continued)

 

Key points

·

Under the Group's country risk framework, country exposures continue to be closely managed; both those countries that represent a larger concentration and those that, under the country watch list process, have been identified as exhibiting signs of actual or potential stress. The latter includes countries in the eurozone facing fiscal pressures and rising debt service costs.

   

·

Credit risk assets relating to most of the countries listed in the table above have declined. This reflected active exposure management, including Turkey, Romania and South Korea. In addition to overall exposure reductions, granular portfolio reviews were and continue to be undertaken with an eye to adjusting the tenor profile and robustness under stress of the Group's country portfolios to ongoing country developments. Some countries in Asia have seen moderate increases including two of the Group's strategic primary countries in this region, China and India, following reductions in 2008-2009.

   

·

Eurozone country exposures were and continue to be tightly managed given the pressures on vulnerable member states. Overall reductions, in-depth reviews and de-risking of portfolios were applied to Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Ireland. The implications of this active portfolio management for Italy and Portugal are shown in the table above. Credit risk assets relating to Greece were £632 million at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009 - £849 million). The equivalent for Spain (rated AA/Aaa/AA+ by S&P/Moody's/Fitch) was £10,637 million (31 December 2009 - £10,841 million), and for the Republic of Ireland (rated AA/Aa2/AA-, respectively) was £47,934 million (31 December 2009 - £52,289 million). The Group's gross and net exposures to central and local governments of the thirty European Economic Area countries were disclosed on 23 July 2010 in the context of the EU stress test exercise.  The Group continued to reduce exposures to countries with credit ratings of A+ or below during the second quarter of 2010.

   

·

Debt securities exposure on a number of countries with total balances greater than £0.5 billion are detailed on page 102.



 

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets by industry and geography*

 

Industry analysis plays an important part in assessing potential concentration risk in the loan portfolio. Particular attention is given to industry sectors where the Group believes there is a high degree of risk or potential for volatility in the future.

 

The table below analyses the Group's credit risk assets by industry sector and geography.

 

 

UK 

Western  Europe 

 (excl. 

 UK) 

North 

 America 

Asia 

 Pacific 

Latin 

 America 

Other (1) 

Total 

Core 

 

 

Non-Core 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

                     

30 June 2010

                   

Personal

120,740 

21,462 

38,761 

1,888 

91 

1,309 

184,251 

166,141 

 

18,110 

Banks and financial institutions

35,976 

64,846 

32,822 

16,602 

9,729 

5,234 

165,209 

143,484 

 

21,725 

Property

60,473 

24,867 

8,427 

1,937 

3,188 

712 

99,604 

55,522 

 

44,082 

Transport and storage

15,006 

10,443 

7,574 

6,133 

2,886 

7,129 

49,171 

32,231 

 

16,940 

Manufacturing

8,199 

9,589 

6,942 

2,807 

1,201 

3,652 

32,390 

26,505 

 

5,885 

Public sector 

12,471 

6,342 

7,989 

2,837 

257 

749 

30,645 

27,752 

 

2,893 

Wholesale and retail trade

15,530 

7,289 

5,137 

1,003 

581 

914 

30,454 

24,409 

 

6,045 

TMT (2)

6,926 

6,400 

4,152 

2,668 

562 

1,264 

21,972 

14,642 

 

7,330 

Building

10,097 

6,650 

1,822 

596 

176 

825 

20,166 

15,521 

 

4,645 

Tourism and leisure

11,975 

2,634 

2,329 

775 

604 

338 

18,655 

15,552 

 

3,103 

Business services

9,675 

3,006 

2,390 

950 

1,021 

638 

17,680 

14,303 

 

3,377 

Natural resources and nuclear

2,436 

2,378 

5,211 

1,958 

918 

2,756 

15,657 

12,247 

 

3,410 

Power, water and waste

4,667 

4,106 

3,387 

1,200 

1,138 

993 

15,491 

10,205 

 

5,286 

Agriculture and fisheries

3,122 

891 

1,265 

147 

42 

59 

5,526 

5,285 

 

241 

                     
 

317,293 

170,903 

128,208 

41,501 

22,394 

26,572 

706,871 

563,799 

 

143,072 



 

                     

31 December 2009

                   

Personal

118,050 

23,596 

37,679 

3,072 

63 

1,368 

183,828 

163,549 

 

20,279 

Banks and financial institutions

40,415 

75,937 

24,273 

15,739 

10,004 

5,182 

171,550 

149,166 

 

22,384 

Property

62,507 

27,802 

8,323 

2,480 

2,902 

429 

104,443 

58,009 

 

46,434 

Transport and storage

14,887 

7,854 

7,265 

5,475 

2,592 

7,168 

45,241 

30,030 

 

15,211 

Manufacturing

9,283 

13,998 

7,690 

3,483 

1,559 

3,848 

39,861 

30,249 

 

9,612 

Public sector 

11,171 

5,120 

5,899 

2,452 

300 

723 

25,665 

22,219 

 

3,446 

Wholesale and retail trade

15,712 

7,642 

5,573 

1,531 

843 

1,344 

32,645 

24,787 

 

7,858 

TMT (2)

7,716 

8,689 

5,039 

2,117 

697 

1,502 

25,760 

15,424 

 

10,336 

Building

10,520 

7,607 

1,882 

985 

203 

897 

22,094 

16,945 

 

5,149 

Tourism and leisure

11,581 

2,922 

2,626 

786 

632 

499 

19,046 

15,439 

 

3,607 

Business services

9,206 

2,337 

2,605 

790 

1,259 

533 

16,730 

13,980 

 

2,750 

Natural resources and nuclear

2,592 

2,999 

5,447 

1,355 

1,442 

2,375 

16,210 

11,149 

 

5,061 

Power, water and waste

4,810 

4,950 

3,470 

1,212 

1,625 

965 

17,032 

10,836 

 

6,196 

Agriculture and fisheries

937 

667 

1,615 

92 

59 

82 

3,452 

3,276 

 

176 

                     
 

319,387 

192,120 

119,386 

41,569 

24,180 

26,915 

723,557 

565,058 

 

158,499 



 

Notes:

(1)

'Other' comprises Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East, Central Asia and Africa.

(2)

Telecommunication, media and technology.



 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets by industry and geography* (continued)

 

Key points

·

Reductions occurred across most industry sectors and geographic regions.

   

·

Growth in North America is in part attributable to the 8% weakening of sterling against the US dollar during the period with the remainder relating to the growth in mostly short-term exposures to banks and public sector entities.



 

Credit risk assets by asset quality band 

 

Internal reporting and oversight of risk assets is principally differentiated by credit grades.  Customers are assigned credit grades, based on various credit grading models that reflect the key drivers of default for the customer type.  All credit grades across the Group map to both a Group level asset quality scale, used for external financial reporting, and a master grading scale for wholesale exposures used for internal management reporting across portfolios.  Accordingly, measurement of risk is easily aggregated and can be reported at increasing levels of granularity depending on the audience and business needs.

 

The table below analyses the Group's credit risk assets by asset quality banding.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

Asset quality

band

Probability of default range

Core 

£m 

Non-Core 

£m 

Total 

£m 

of total 

 

Core 

£m 

Non-Core 

£m 

Total 

£m 

of total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AQ1

0% - 0.03%

152,573 

22,617 

175,190 

24.8 

 

149,132 

23,226 

172,358 

23.8 

AQ2

0.03% - 0.05%

16,430 

2,830 

19,260 

2.7 

 

18,029 

3,187 

21,216 

2.9 

AQ3

0.05% - 0.10%

31,101 

4,394 

35,495 

5.0 

 

26,703 

7,613 

34,316 

4.7 

AQ4

0.10% - 0.38%

73,595 

14,062 

87,657 

12.4 

 

78,144 

18,154 

96,298 

13.3 

AQ5

0.38% - 1.08%

90,451 

20,797 

111,248 

15.7 

 

92,908 

24,977 

117,885 

16.3 

AQ6

1.08% - 2.15%

76,995 

15,070 

92,065 

13.0 

 

76,206 

18,072 

94,278 

13.0 

AQ7

2.15% - 6.09%

44,440 

17,718 

62,158 

8.8 

 

44,643 

15,732 

60,375 

8.3 

AQ8

6.09% - 17.22%

17,079 

3,880 

20,959 

3.0 

 

18,923 

4,834 

23,757 

3.4 

AQ9

17.22% - 100%

10,845 

8,204 

19,049 

2.7 

 

11,589 

8,074 

19,663 

2.7 

AQ10

100%

18,320 

22,464 

40,784 

5.8 

 

16,756 

22,666 

39,422 

5.5 

Other (1)

 

31,970 

11,036 

43,006 

6.1 

 

32,025 

11,964 

43,989 

6.1 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

563,799 

143,072 

706,871 

100.0 

 

565,058 

158,499 

723,557 

100.0 




Note:

(1)

'Other' largely comprises assets covered by the standardised approach for which a probability of default equivalent to those assigned to assets covered by the internal ratings based approach is not available.



 

Key points

·

Negative credit grade migration continued to moderate during the period.

   

·

Growth in credit AQ10 (default) exposures slowed, notably in the second quarter of 2010, as a consequence of a reduced flow of new defaults and the restructuring of existing defaulted cases.

   

·

These moderating trends are evident in most of the Group's portfolios.  A notable exception is Ulster Bank where economic weakness continues to impact portfolio trends, particularly in the property sector where the stock of defaulted assets (AQ10) continues to grow.



* not reviewed


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets*

 

Key credit portfolios

The following discussions analyse the credit risk assets relating to certain key credit portfolios.

 

Personal lending

The following table analyses the credit risk assets of the personal lending portfolio.

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

Personal credit risk assets (1)

£m 

£m 

£m 

     

UK Retail:

   

- Mortgage

89,065 

85,529 

- Cards, loans and overdrafts

19,174 

20,316 

Ulster Bank:

   

- Mortgage

20,497 

22,304 

- Other personal

1,047 

1,172 

Citizens:

   

- Mortgage

26,948 

26,534 

- Auto and cards

6,412 

6,917 

- Other - mainly student loans and recreational vehicles/marine

4,645 

4,205 

EMEA and Asia Pacific Non-Core

1,780 

3,084 

Other

14,683 

13,767 

     
 

184,251 

183,828 



 

Note:

(1)

Analysis includes Core and Non-Core but does not compare to divisional analysis on page 83.



 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending (continued)

 

Residential mortgages

The table below analyses the distribution of residential mortgages by loan-to-value (LTV) (indexed) of the main mortgage brands in each of the Group's three main consumer markets.

 

 

UK Retail

 

Ulster Bank

 

Citizens

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 (2) 

By average LTV (1)

 

 

                 

<= 50%

39.1 

39.2 

 

35.3 

40.7 

 

26.4 

26.4

> 50% and <= 60%

10.2 

10.1 

 

8.1 

7.6 

 

7.8 

7.8

> 60% and <= 70%

12.3 

10.9 

 

7.0 

7.6 

 

9.3 

8.8

> 70% and <= 80%

13.9 

13.3 

 

6.9 

7.5 

 

13.4 

12.4

> 80% and <= 90%

11.7 

11.2 

 

7.0 

8.0 

 

13.8 

13.9

> 90% and <= 100%

7.1 

7.6 

 

7.8 

9.0 

 

10.4 

11.3

> 100%

5.7 

7.7 

 

27.9 

19.6 

 

18.9 

19.4

                 

Total portfolio average LTV

58.2 

59.1 

 

69.3 

62.5 

 

74.4 

74.5 

                 

Average LTV on new

  originations during the period

68.9 

67.2 

 

77.1 

72.8 

 

65.0 

62.6 



 

Notes:

(1)

LTV averages are calculated by transaction volume.

(2)

Restated to reflect updated data and analysis completed after the reporting date.



 

The table below details the residential mortgages which are three months or more in arrears (by volume).

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

 2009 

 

     

UK Retail (1)

1.8 

1.8 

Ulster Bank

4.8 

3.3 

Citizens

1.3 

1.5 



 

Note:

(1)

Based on the 3+ month arrears rate for RBS and NatWest (76% of standard mortgages) together with the equivalent collections status flag for RBS/NatWest offset and other brand mortgages.  The 3+ arrears rate also includes accounts in repossession and cases with shortfalls post property sale. The 'One Account' current account mortgage is excluded (£8 billion of assets), which had 0.7% of accounts 90 days continually in excess of the limit at June 2010 (31 December 2009 - 0.6%).



 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending sectors: Residential mortgages (continued)

 

UK residential mortgages

The UK Retail mortgage portfolio totalled £89.1 billion at 30 June 2010, an increase of 4% from 31 December 2009, due to strong growth and lower redemption rates. Of the total portfolio, 98% is designated as Core business with the primary brands being RBS, NatWest and the One Account.  The assets comprise prime mortgage lending and include 6.7% or £5.9 billion (31 December 2009 - £5.6 billion) of exposure to residential buy-to-let. There is a small legacy self certification book (0.4% of total assets) which was withdrawn from sale in 2004.

 

UK gross new mortgage lending in the six months to 30 June 2010 was strong at £7.6 billion. The average LTV for new business in the same period was 68.9% compared to 68.7% in the second half of 2009 and 67.2% for the full year 2009. LTV for mortgages that are awaiting drawdown at 30 June 2010 (63%) is lower than the levels seen for completions in Q2 2010.  The maximum LTV available to new customers remains at 90%.  The book averaged indexed LTV,  based on the Halifax House Price Index to March 2010, has declined to 58.2% from 59.1% at year end 2009 influenced by recent favourable house price movements with the proportion of balances in negative equity at 30 June 2010 dropping to 7.5% from 10.9% at 31 December 2009.

 

After a period of deterioration the arrears rate (three or more payments missed) has stabilised and stood at 1.8% at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009 - 1.8%, 30 June 2009 - 1.7% and 31 December 2008 - 1.4%).  The arrears rate on the buy-to-let portfolio was 1.5% at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009 - 1.6% and 30 June 2009 - 1.6%).

 

The mortgage impairment charge was £96 million in the H1 2010 compared with the FY 2009 of £129 million, with a proportion of the H1 2010 charge being the result of assumption changes reflecting reduced expectations of recovery on defaulted debt. Underlying default trends have improved in the first half of 2010 compared with the previous six month period.  Provisions cover has increased to 0.32% at 30 June 2010 from 0.25% at 31 December 2009. Default and arrears rates remain sensitive to economic developments and are currently supported by the low interest rate environment and strong book growth with recent business yet to mature. 

 

A number of initiatives aimed at supporting customers experiencing financial difficulties remain in place and the Group does not initiate repossession proceedings for at least six months after arrears are evident. The level of possessions has remained at similar levels to that observed in the second half of 2009.

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending sectors: Residential mortgages (continued)

 

Ulster Bank residential mortgages

The residential mortgage portfolio across the Ulster Bank brand totalled £20.5 billion at 30 June 2010; 90% of the portfolio is in the Republic of Ireland and 10% in Northern Ireland. Portfolio size declined by 10% in the period in the Republic of Ireland from 31 December 2009 with Northern Ireland increasing by 7% over the same period. 

 

The increase in the percentage of the portfolio in negative equity is driven by continuing house price depreciation in the Republic of Ireland in the first half of the year. The arrears rate continues to increase owing to the continued challenging economic environment.  At 30 June 2010, the arrears rate was 4.8%, compared with 3.3% at 31 December 2009.  The impairment charge to June 2010 was £109 million compared with £43 million H1 2009 and £115 million for the full year 2009.  Repossessions in H1 2010 totalled 43, compared with 96 for FY 2009; 72% of the repossessions were voluntary.

 

Ulster Bank has a number of initiatives in place aimed at increasing the level of support to customers experiencing financial difficulties. At 30 June 2010, 3% of customers were on forbearance arrangements.

 

Citizens residential mortgages

Citizens total residential real estate portfolio totalled $40.4 billion at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009 - $42.5 billion).  The real estate portfolio comprises $10.5 billion (Core - $9.3 billion, Non-Core - $1.2 billion) of first lien residential mortgages and $29.8 billion (Core - $24.4 billion, Non-Core - $5.4 billion Non-Core) of home equity loans and lines (first and second lien). Home equity loans in Core consist of 47% first lien positions while Non-Core consists of 97% second lien positions. The Core business comprises 84% of the portfolio and Non-Core comprises 16% with the serviced by others (SBO) portfolio being the largest component (76%) of the Non-Core portfolio.

 

Citizens continues to focus on the 'footprint states' of New England, Mid Atlantic and Mid West targeting low risk products and maintaining conservative risk policies. Loan acceptance criteria were tightened during 2009 to address deteriorating economic and market conditions.  At 30 June 2010, the portfolio consisted of $32.4 billion (80% of the total portfolio) in these footprint states.

 

The SBO portfolio consists of purchased pools of home equity loans and lines (96% second lien) whose current LTV (30 June 2010 - 107%) and geographic profiles (outside of Citizens footprint - 73%) have resulted in an annualised charge-off rate of 12.2% in H1 2010.  The SBO book has been closed to new purchases since the third quarter of 2007 and is in run-off, with exposure down from $5.5 billion at 31 December 2009 to $5.0 billion at 30 June 2010.  The arrears rate of the SBO portfolio has decreased from 3.1% at 31 December 2009 to 2.5% at 30 June 2010 due to more effective account servicing and collections following a systems conversion in 2009.

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending sectors: Residential mortgages (continued)

 

Citizens residential mortgages (continued)

The current weighted average LTV of the real estate portfolio reduced slightly from 74.5% at 31 December 2009 to 74.4% at 30 June 2010, due to lower LTV for new originations (65.0%), pay-downs and marginal house price declines in H1 2010. The current weighted average of the real estate portfolio excluding SBO is 68.3%.

 

The arrears rate decreased slightly from 1.5% at 31 December 2009 to 1.3% at 30 June 2010. Delinquency rates have stabilised in recent months for both residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines. Citizens participates in the US government home modification programme, alongside other bank-sponsored initiatives. The cumulative effect of these arrangements has helped the Group's customers. Modified balances were $505 million at 30 June 2010 compared with $235 million at 31 December 2009.

 

Personal lending sectors: Consumer lending

The Group's consumer lending portfolio includes credit cards, unsecured loans, auto finance and overdrafts.  The majority of consumer lending exposures are in the UK and the US.  The table below shows loans and impairment charges as a proportion of average loans and advances.

 

 

Half year ended

30 June 2010

 

Year ended

31 December 2009

 

Half year ended
30 June 2009

 

 

Average 

 loans and 

advances 

Impairment 

charge as a % of loans and advances 

 

Average 

 loans and 

 advances 

Impairment 

charge as a % 

of loans and 

 advances 

 

Average 

 loans and 

 advances 

Impairment 

charge as a % 

of loans and 

 advances 

 

£m 

 

£m 

 

£m 

                 

UK: Retail cards (1)

5,927 

6.5 

 

6,069 

8.8 

 

5,986 

8.9 

UK: Retail loans (1)

10,744 

5.2 

 

11,740 

6.1 

 

12,742 

6.0 

                 
 

$m 

 

$m 

 

$m 

                 

US consumer lending: Citizens cards (2,3)

1,535 

8.8 

 

1,684 

9.9 

 

2,287 

8.4 

US consumer lending: Citizens auto loans (2)

8,067 

1.1 

 

8,800 

1.1 

 

9,834 

1.3 



 

Notes:

(1)

The charge for UK Retail assets refers to impairment on assets in the period.

(2)

The charge for Citizens assets refers to charge-offs in the period net of recoveries realised in the period.

(3)

2009 data restated to exclude Kroger Personal Finance portfolio, sold in 2010.



 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending sectors: Consumer lending (continued)

 

UK Retail's personal lending portfolio, of which 97% is in Core businesses, includes overdrafts, credit cards and unsecured loans, predominantly offered to customers who have a current account with the Group. The personal lending portfolio totalled £19.2 billion at 30 June 2010, a decrease of 6% from £20.3 billion at 31 December 2009, due to a general market trend of customers repaying debt and a reduction in new lending. Impairments were £0.2 billion lower at £0.6 billion compared to £0.8 billion in H1 2009.

 

The Non-Core business comprises 3% of the UK personal lending portfolio (£0.5 billion) and contains personal loans originated through direct channels, with a total impairment charge of £1.7 million in the first half of 2010, benefiting from a release arising from recoveries on the defaulted stock.

 

Risk appetite continues to be actively managed across all unsecured products and support continues for customers in financial difficulties through breathing space initiatives on all unsecured products. A thirty day breathing space allows customers to work with a not-for-profit debt advice agency to establish a debt repayment plan and during this time the Group suspends collection activity.  A further extension of thirty days can be granted if progress is made and discussions are continuing. Investment in collection and recovery processes continues to address both support for our customers and management of impairments. 

 

Impairment losses on unsecured lending peaked in the fourth quarter of 2009; the impairment charge for the first half of 2010 was £596 million (H2 2009 - £809 million; H1 2009 - £793 million). Impairments will remain sensitive to the external economic environment, notably unemployment rates.

 

The Citizens credit card portfolio outstandings totalled US$1.5 billion at 30 June 2010, excluding the Kroger Personal Finance portfolio, which was sold to U.S. Bancorp with effect from 27 May 2010. Core assets comprised 83% of this portfolio.

 

Given the economic climate over the past 24 months the Citizens cards business has introduced tighter lending criteria and lower credit limits.  These actions have led to improving new business quality. Overall portfolio level performance is in line with industry benchmarks (provided by VISA): 60+ days delinquency was 4.0% in June 2010 (compared to an industry figure of 4.1%); and net contractual charge-offs as a percentage of total outstandings was 7.6% in June 2010 (compared to an industry figure of 7.6%).

 

 

  

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Personal lending sectors: Consumer lending (continued)

Citizens is a leading regional provider of retail auto financing to US consumers through a network of 3,500 auto dealers located in 23 US states but is now focused on its core footprint only.  Citizens maintain a conservative prime indirect auto lending credit programme with loss rates that have historically been below national averages.  Current outstanding retail auto loan balances totalled $8.1 billion at 30 June 2010 of which 94% relates to Core businesses.  $454 million of Non-Core auto assets are anticipated to run-off by 2013. The tightening of credit parameters in 2008/09, together with enhanced collection activities and seasonal factors, has resulted in improved credit performance. The net charge-off rate on the total auto portfolio fell to 0.4% at 30 June 2010, down from 1.2% at 31 December 2009.  The 30+ days delinquency rate fell from 2.6% at 31 December 2009 to 1.8% at 30 June 2010 even as balances fell by $734 million.  At 31 March 2010 (the latest data available for comparison), the 1.7% 30+ days delinquency rate on the Core auto loan portfolio compared favourably to the 2.5% nationwide indirect auto delinquency rate reported by the American Bankers' Association.

 

 

Corporate sectors

 

This section discusses the components of property, transport and storage (automotive, shipping and aviation) and retail sectors, given their significance in the current market environment.

 

Wholesale property

The table below analyses wholesale property credit risk assets.

 

30 June 

2010 

 

31 December 

2009 

 

£m 

 

£m 

       

UK Corporate

32,329 

 

35,329 

Ulster Bank

10,328 

 

10,671 

Global Banking & Markets

7,456 

 

5,825 

US Retail & Commercial

4,627 

 

4,231 

Non-Core

44,082 

 

46,434 

Other

782 

 

1,953 

       
 

99,604 

 

104,443 



 

The Group's exposure to the wholesale property sector totals £99.6 billion, down 5% in the period, of which £83.8 billion is commercial property financing.  The remainder comprises lending to property related sectors, including housing associations, estate agents and management companies, non-lending exposures on off-balance sheet instruments and foreign exchange derivatives. The portfolios were generally stable or reducing in all divisions during the first half of the year.  Growth in the Global Banking & Markets portfolio is attributable to mark-to-market movements on derivatives and not lending.

 

The property financing portfolio, of which 44% is in Non-Core, is split across investment property, (approximately 75%) and development property (approximately 25%). These proportions remained stable during the period.

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Corporate sectors: Wholesale property (continued)

 

Whilst there has been some recovery in value of primary properties in the UK, we observe that it has been selective, has not fed through into lower quality properties and has not been evident in other geographic locations, notably the Republic of Ireland and the United States. The outlook remains challenging with limited liquidity to support refinancing, even for conservatively structured debt on prime properties.  There has been emerging interest from specialist investors at discounted pricing. In common with the industry, the Group remains focussed on the schedule of refinancing in coming years - on the size of the aggregate requirement, on the extent to which recoveries in valuation will enable refinancing and on recovery in funding markets, notably commercial mortgage-backed securities, to support the scale of debt outstanding.

 

Approximately half of the Group's defaulted credit risk assets relate to the property portfolio; 20% of commercial property credit risk assets were defaulted (AQ10) at 30 June 2010, up from 16% at 31 December 2009 and 12% at 30 June 2009, although in common with the trend seen in the total portfolio, the rate of migration to default slowed during the second quarter of 2010 in most portfolios. The notable exception is Ulster Bank where property remains the primary driver of growth in the defaulted loan book.

 

In view of these trends, heightened monitoring has been and remains in place in originating divisions and in Non-Core. There is a dedicated unit in the Global Restructuring Group to ensure that specialist expertise is deployed to manage the portfolio on a consistent basis and to address the volume of cases. 

 

Corporate sectors: Transport and storage

The table below analyses the transport and storage credit risk assets.

 

 

30 June 

2010 

 

31 December 

 2009 

 

£m 

 

£m 

       

Shipping

14,072 

 

13,112 

Aviation

10,946 

 

 9,757 

Automotive

10,033 

 

9,116 

Other

14,120 

 

13,256 

       
 

49,171 

 

45,241 



 

The automotive, shipping and aviation portfolios form part of the transport and storage industry sector which stood at £49.2 billion at 30 June 2010, an increase of 9% during the last six months, 4% on a constant currency basis. The remainder of the exposure largely comprises land-based freight, storage and logistics activities.

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Corporate sectors: Transport and storage (continued)

 

Shipping

The Group's shipping portfolio is focussed on vessel secured mortgage finance, primarily in the dry bulk and tanker sectors with a limited exposure to container and other specialist vessels.  Performance within the sector has been impacted by both the global downturn and a high volume of new tonnage entering the market.

 

The Group's strategy is to focus on modern ships with a long working life to trade through the economic cycle and to work with long-term industry participants with a track record of support. The average age of the Group's mortgaged fleet is 8 years.

 

Whilst there have been no material impairment charges to date, there is approximately £2 billion of shipping exposure subject to heightened monitoring and one material case undergoing restructuring. Based on a quarterly review of the fleet, undertaken by external brokers, the Group remains confident that the majority of its exposure is fully secured.

 

Conditions will remain challenging for the foreseeable future; however, the Group continues to support clients on a selective basis to benefit from the current market conditions of lower asset prices and higher returns whilst at the same time maintaining a significant presence in the sector.

 

Aviation

The Group's aviation portfolio is primarily focussed on its Dublin based Aviation Capital business in Non-Core.  The Group's Core aviation portfolio consists mainly of aerospace manufacturers and airport operators.

 

The aviation sector continues to face challenging conditions owing to the global downturn, compounded by the impact of the Icelandic volcano, overcapacity and intense competition.  That said there are early indicators that market conditions may be improving as traffic volumes, particularly related to cargo, have increased compared with H1 2009.

 

Aviation Capital's strategy is to focus on modern assets that are widely used across airlines and to maintain relationships with the strongest operators with the most flexible cost base. The majority of the portfolio is secured on modern aircraft and, although asset prices have weakened, exposures remain fully secured. Notwithstanding reduced passenger volumes, the leased fleet remains fully utilised. 

 

The Group's aviation portfolio has very low incidences of payment default and exposures requiring restructuring. The young age and commodity nature of the assets and the quality of lessees result in a limited expectation of aircraft being returned.

 

 

 

 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Credit risk assets - Key credit portfolios* (continued)

 

Corporate sectors: Transport and storage (continued)

 

Automotive

The Group's automotive portfolio comprises automotive retail and rental sectors together with the larger Original Equipment Manufacturers and parts suppliers.  The geographic distribution is weighted towards the UK and Europe, which represent 80% of the portfolio exposure.

 

The long term structural problems of the global automotive industry, such as over capacity, rising input costs and weak consumer demand continue to be features of the sector.  Demand in 2009 and the first quarter of 2010 was heavily supported by government schemes that are now being withdrawn at the same time as governments across core markets in Europe, the UK and North America address budget deficits.  This is likely to result in reduced spending, slow growth in employment and reduced demand.  Whilst there has not been any material deterioration in the quality of the portfolio since 31 December 2009, the combination of these factors drives a continuing cautious stance towards this sector.

 

Corporate sectors: Tourism and leisure

 

The table below analyses tourism and leisure credit risk assets by division.

 

 

30 June 

2010 

 

31 December 

2009 

 

£m 

 

£m 

       

UK Corporate

8,539 

 

7,669 

Global Banking & Markets

3,471 

 

4,105 

Ulster Bank

1,471 

 

1,583 

US Retail & Commercial

1,553 

 

1,421 

Non-Core

3,103 

 

3,607 

Other

518 

 

661 

       
 

18,655 

 

19,046 



 

The Group's tourism and leisure portfolio is primarily focussed on the hospitality sector, including hotel, restaurant and pub businesses, notably in the UK. The remainder of the portfolio comprises travel, gaming and, to a lesser extent, sporting activities.

 

The average credit quality of the portfolio is lower than the Group's average, reflecting challenging industry conditions that are closely linked to the wider economy, particularly the level of discretionary consumer spending. Whilst there has been some flow of leisure customers into the Global Restructuring Group, the total value of debt managed remains low.  Conditions will remain challenging in the context of slow economic recovery and consumer spending impacted by fiscal and monetary conditions.


 
 
 
 

* not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Loans and advances to customers by geography and industry

 

The following table analyses the balance sheet value of loans and advances to customers (excluding reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing) by industry and geography.
 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

               

Total

             

Central and local government

9,568 

1,370 

10,938 

 

6,128 

1,532 

7,660 

Finance

54,373 

8,979 

63,352 

 

50,673 

9,713 

60,386 

Individuals - home

132,508 

11,933 

144,441 

 

127,975 

12,932 

140,907 

Individuals - other

35,003 

5,397 

40,400 

 

35,313 

6,358 

41,671 

Manufacturing

28,477 

9,894 

38,371 

 

30,272 

14,402 

44,674 

Construction

9,194 

3,723 

12,917 

 

9,502 

5,258 

14,760 

Service industries and business activities

100,604 

26,538 

127,142 

 

100,438 

33,638 

134,076 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

3,940 

144 

4,084 

 

3,726 

553 

4,279 

Property

47,025 

46,746 

93,771 

 

49,054 

50,372 

99,426 

Finance leases and instalment credit

8,076 

10,529 

18,605 

 

8,147 

11,956 

20,103 

Interest accruals

920 

426 

1,346 

 

1,179 

549 

1,728 

               

Loans and advances to customers - gross

429,688 

125,679 

555,367 

 

422,407 

147,263 

569,670 

Loan impairment provisions

(7,504)

(8,523)

(16,027)

 

(6,786)

(8,230)

(15,016)

               

Total loans and advances to customers

422,184 

117,156 

539,340 

 

415,621 

139,033 

554,654 

               

By geographical region (location of office):

             

UK domestic

             

Central and local government

4,160 

183 

4,343 

 

2,951 

223 

3,174 

Finance

18,595 

3,497 

22,092 

 

14,658 

2,365 

17,023 

Individuals - home

95,170 

1,775 

96,945 

 

90,687 

1,896 

92,583 

Individuals - other

23,414 

768 

24,182 

 

24,109 

1,136 

25,245 

Manufacturing

8,252 

2,162 

10,414 

 

8,747 

2,678 

11,425 

Construction

4,500 

2,260 

6,760 

 

4,493 

3,287 

7,780 

Service industries and business activities

38,477 

10,851 

49,328 

 

39,188 

12,472 

51,660 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

2,858 

78 

2,936 

 

2,775 

138 

2,913 

Property

18,083 

27,877 

45,960 

 

18,057 

30,802 

48,859 

Finance leases and instalment credit

5,192 

9,638 

14,830 

 

5,343 

10,843 

16,186 

Interest accruals

486 

130 

616 

 

718 

175 

893 

               
 

219,187 

59,219 

278,406 

 

211,726 

66,015 

277,741 

               

UK international (1)

             

Central and local government

3,253 

46 

3,299 

 

1,402 

53 

1,455 

Finance

15,296 

3,194 

18,490 

 

14,615 

3,640 

18,255 

Individuals - home

427 

427 

 

Individuals - other

366 

373 

 

504 

505 

Manufacturing

4,953 

637 

5,590 

 

5,715 

577 

6,292 

Construction

2,606 

357 

2,963 

 

2,471 

353 

2,824 

Service industries and business activities

23,042 

3,303 

26,345 

 

23,558 

3,393 

26,951 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

184 

14 

198 

 

171 

171 

Property

18,912 

3,969 

22,881 

 

18,350 

4,585 

22,935 

Interest accruals

 

               
 

69,039 

11,529 

80,568 

 

66,787 

12,604 

79,391 



 

Note:

(1)

UK International represents transactions concluded through offices in the UK which service international banking transactions.




 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Loans and advances to customers by geography and industry (continued)

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

               

Europe

             

Central and local government

827 

1,047 

1,874 

 

334 

1,164 

1,498 

Finance

2,771 

1,399 

4,170 

 

3,973 

904 

4,877 

Individuals - home

13,790 

5,765 

19,555 

 

15,055 

6,718 

21,773 

Individuals - other

1,947 

1,026 

2,973 

 

1,877 

1,009 

2,886 

Manufacturing

6,924 

5,080 

12,004 

 

7,311 

8,609 

15,920 

Construction

1,533 

878 

2,411 

 

1,946 

1,167 

3,113 

Service industries and business activities

18,739 

6,508 

25,247 

 

19,088 

9,883 

28,971 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

858 

52 

910 

 

737 

356 

1,093 

Property

7,730 

9,392 

17,122 

 

10,812 

9,417 

20,229 

Finance leases and instalment credit

378 

864 

1,242 

 

379 

1,094 

1,473 

Interest accruals

131 

196 

327 

 

165 

246 

411 

               
 

55,628 

32,207 

87,835 

 

61,677 

40,567 

102,244 

               

US

             

Central and local government

207 

65 

272 

 

196 

64 

260 

Finance

9,744 

719 

10,463 

 

9,524 

1,771 

11,295 

Individuals - home

22,715 

4,221 

26,936 

 

21,842 

4,317 

26,159 

Individuals - other

7,881 

3,155 

11,036 

 

7,373 

3,599 

10,972 

Manufacturing

5,555 

1,015 

6,570 

 

5,895 

1,200 

7,095 

Construction

479 

127 

606 

 

490 

132 

622 

Service industries and business activities

14,900 

3,625 

18,525 

 

14,078 

4,505 

18,583 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

34 

34 

 

27 

27 

Property

1,631 

3,862 

5,493 

 

1,498 

3,788 

5,286 

Finance leases and instalment credit

2,498 

2,498 

 

2,417 

2,417 

Interest accruals

219 

88 

307 

 

204 

94 

298 

               
 

65,863 

16,877 

82,740 

 

63,544 

19,470 

83,014 

               

Rest of the World

             

Central and local government

1,121 

29 

1,150 

 

1,245 

28 

1,273 

Finance

7,967 

170 

8,137 

 

7,903 

1,033 

8,936 

Individuals - home

406 

172 

578 

 

390 

391 

Individuals - other

1,395 

441 

1,836 

 

1,450 

613 

2,063 

Manufacturing

2,793 

1,000 

3,793 

 

2,604 

1,338 

3,942 

Construction

76 

101 

177 

 

102 

319 

421 

Service industries and business activities

5,446 

2,251 

7,697 

 

4,526 

3,385 

7,911 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

 

16 

59 

75 

Property

669 

1,646 

2,315 

 

337 

1,780 

2,117 

Finance leases and instalment credit

27 

35 

 

19 

27 

Interest accruals

84 

10 

94 

 

92 

32 

124 

               
 

19,971 

5,847 

25,818 

 

18,673 

8,607 

27,280 



 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Debt securities

 

The table below analyses debt securities by issuer and external ratings.

 

 

Central and local government

Bank and 

building 

society 

ABS (1)

Corporate 

Other 

Total 

 

UK 

US 

Other 

       

External rating

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

             

30 June 2010

               

AAA

20,589 

33,836 

44,520 

3,626 

56,330 

1,088 

159,989 

AA and above

20,869 

3,482 

7,367 

1,090 

11 

32,819 

A and above

8,762 

4,490 

4,848 

1,680 

568 

20,348 

BBB- and above

2,014 

864 

4,232 

2,147 

9,266 

Non-investment grade

1,739 

163 

4,616 

3,075 

9,596 

Unrated

501 

238 

1,312 

1,619 

572 

4,242 

                 
 

20,589 

33,836 

78,405 

12,863 

78,705 

10,699 

1,163 

236,260 

                 

31 December 2009

               

AAA

26,601 

23,219 

44,396 

4,012 

65,067 

2,263 

165,558 

AA and above

22,003 

4,930 

8,942 

1,429 

37,304 

A and above

13,159 

3,770 

3,886 

1,860 

22,675 

BBB- and above

3,847 

823 

4,243 

2,187 

11,100 

Non-investment grade

353 

169 

3,515 

2,042 

6,079 

Unrated

504 

289 

1,949 

2,601 

1,036 

6,379 

                 
 

26,601 

23,219 

84,262 

13,993 

87,602 

12,382 

1,036 

249,095 



 

Note:

(1)

Asset-backed securities.



 

Key points

·

56% (31 December 2009 - 54%) were issued by central and local governments.

   

·

68% (31 December 2009 - 66%) of securities were AAA rated.

   

·

Of the ABS portfolios 72% (31 December 2009 - 74%) were AAA rated and 48% (31 December 2009 - 49%) were guaranteed by G10 governments or covered bonds.

   

·

56% (31 December 2009 - 63%) of corporate debt securities were investment grade.

   

·

Unrated securities declined from £6.4 billion at 31 December 2009 to £4.2 billion at 30 June 2010.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Debt securities (continued)

 

The table below analyses debt securities by issuer and measurement classification.

 

 

Central and local government

Bank and 

building 

society 

ABS 

Corporate 

Other 

Total 

 

UK 

US 

Other 

       

Measurement classification

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

             

30 June 2010

               

Held-for-trading

8,993 

16,642 

40,589 

5,471 

23,614 

7,077 

775 

103,161 

DFV (1)

357 

234 

24 

619 

Available-for-sale

11,584 

17,194 

37,459 

7,371 

47,709 

2,324 

300 

123,941 

Loans and receivables

11 

18 

7,148 

1,274 

88 

8,539 

                 

Total

20,589 

33,836 

78,405 

12,863 

78,705 

10,699 

1,163 

236,260 

Short positions

(5,609)

(10,002)

(16,890)

(2,171)

(1,768)

(3,053)

(720)

(40,213)

                 

Net

14,980 

23,834 

61,515 

10,692 

76,937 

7,646 

443 

196,047 

                 

31 December 2009

               

Held-for-trading

8,128 

10,427 

50,150 

6,103 

28,820 

6,892 

893 

111,413 

DFV (1)

122 

385 

418 

394 

1,087 

20 

2,429 

Available-for-sale

18,350 

12,789 

33,727 

7,472 

50,464 

2,550 

30 

125,382 

Loans and receivables

7,924 

1,853 

93 

9,871 

                 

Total

26,601 

23,219 

84,262 

13,993 

87,602 

12,382 

1,036 

249,095 

Short positions

(5,805)

(8,957)

(14,491)

(1,951)

(3,616)

(2,199)

(512)

(37,531)

                 

Net

20,796 

14,262 

69,771 

12,042 

83,986 

10,183 

524 

211,564 



 

Note:

(1)

Designated as at fair value through profit or loss.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Debt securities (continued)

 

Analysis of available-for sale (AFS) debt securities and related net fair value losses net of tax recorded within AFS reserves relating to securities issued by governments and other entities exceeding £0.5 billion at 30 June 2010 or 31 December 2009 are detailed in the table below.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Government 

ABS 

Other 

Total 

 

AFS 

 reserves 

 

 

Government 

ABS 

Other 

Total 

 

AFS 

 reserves 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

                           

US

17,194 

25,603 

900 

43,697 

 

745 

 

12,789 

24,788 

668 

38,245 

 

(302)

UK

11,584 

4,171 

2,758 

18,513 

 

(68)

 

18,350 

4,372 

3,267 

25,989 

 

(169)

Germany

12,027 

918 

400 

13,345 

 

179 

 

12,283 

1,036 

406 

13,725 

 

(24)

Netherlands

4,482 

6,503 

513 

11,498 

 

(324)

 

4,329 

7,522 

1,558 

13,409 

 

(115)

France

7,207 

535 

914 

8,656 

 

86 

 

6,456 

543 

812 

7,811 

 

Spain

108 

6,591 

217 

6,916 

 

(665)

 

162 

8,070 

355 

8,587 

 

(117)

Japan

4,661 

258 

4,919 

 

(2)

 

1,426 

100 

1,526 

 

(7)

Australia

832 

1,670 

2,502 

 

(62)

 

581 

1,213 

1,794 

 

(85)

Italy

1,200 

248 

31 

1,479 

 

(77)

 

1,007 

380 

72 

1,459 

 

(39)

Ireland

121 

581 

421 

1,123 

 

(132)

 

150 

529 

319 

998 

 

(154)

Belgium

743 

32 

270 

1,045 

 

48 

 

788 

34 

397 

1,219 

 

(24)

Singapore

759 

14 

182 

955 

 

 

564 

13 

105 

682 

 

Switzerland

855 

93 

948 

 

13 

 

653 

28 

681 

 

11 

Greece

919 

919 

 

(494)

 

1,389 

1,389 

 

(196)

Denmark

660 

213 

873 

 

 

659 

256 

915 

 

Hong Kong

819 

10 

829 

 

 

975 

975 

 

India

628 

184 

812 

 

(74)

 

480 

-- 

480 

 

Austria

397 

145 

10 

552 

 

(31)

 

249 

202 

142 

593 

 

(17)

Luxembourg

186 

356 

542 

 

20 

 

222 

307 

529 

 

11 

Portugal

96 

107 

41 

244 

 

(25)

 

552 

125 

45 

722 

 

(18)

South Korea

164 

164 

 

 

526 

526 

 

(3)

Other

1,777 

1,079 

554 

3,410 

 

(696)

 

1,605 

1,521 

3,128 

 

(654)

                           
 

66,237 

47,709 

9,995 

123,941 

 

(1,553)

 

64,866 

50,464 

10,052 

125,382 

 

(1,888)



 

Key points

·

All the countries above were rated higher than A+ except Italy, Greece, India, Portugal and South Korea.

   

·

UK government holdings declined by £6.8 billion as treasury bills received as part of the consideration for the issue of B shares in December 2009, matured.  The proceeds were reinvested in other G10, primarily US government securities.

   

·

The Netherlands ABS exposures are residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) guaranteed by the Dutch government.

   

·

Spanish ABS exposures primarily relate to RMBS covered bonds issued by financial institutions.  The increase in the AFS reserve reflects mark downs on Spanish banks as credit spreads widened. There were also sales of bonds in the second quarter.

   

·

The reduction in Greek exposures reflects disposal of £0.3 billion of bonds in Q2 2010.

   

·

Additionally, the Group has Italian (£820 million), UK (£2,901 million) and US (£887 million) of ABS classified as loans and receivables.




 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Derivatives

 

The table below analyses the Group's derivative assets by contract type and residual maturity.

 

 

0 - 3 

 months 

3 - 6 

 months 

6 - 12 

 months 

1 - 5 

 years 

Over 5 

 years 

Gross 

 assets 

Counterparty 

mtm netting  (1)

Net 

 exposure 

Contract type

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                 

30 June 2010

               

Exchange rate

29,147 

8,394 

9,712 

23,892 

13,948 

85,093 

(64,879) 

20,214 

Interest rate

8,277 

4,636 

14,288 

118,683 

246,946 

392,830 

(323,262) 

69,568 

Credit derivatives

375 

141 

455 

19,357 

18,653 

38,981 

(29,462) 

9,519 

Equity and commodity

1,090 

1,133 

311 

2,936 

497 

5,967 

(4,094) 

1,873 

                 
 

38,889 

14,304 

24,766 

164,868 

280,044 

522,871 

(421,697) 

101,174 

                 

Cash collateral held against derivative exposures

       

(36,709)

                 

Net exposure

             

64,465 

                 

31 December 2009

               

Exchange rate

19,127 

5,824 

7,603 

23,831 

11,967 

68,352 

(47,885) 

20,467 

Interest rate

8,415 

8,380 

16,723 

111,144 

176,799 

321,461 

(270,791) 

50,670 

Credit derivatives

201 

112 

390 

19,859 

21,186 

41,748 

(36,411) 

5,337 

Equity and commodity

1,562 

436 

1,109 

3,057 

474 

6,638 

(3,830) 

2,808 

                 
 

29,305 

14,752 

25,825 

157,891 

210,426 

438,199 

(358,917) 

79,282 

                 

Cash collateral held against derivative exposures

       

(33,667)

                 

Net exposure

             

45,615 



 

Note:

(1)

Mark-to-market.



 

Key points

·

Exchange and interest rate contracts fair values increased during H1 2010, due to higher trading volumes compared with Q4 2009, significant reductions in yields across all major curves and the effect of exchange rates relative to the currency mix of the portfolio.

   

·

Credit derivative fair values declined principally due to de-risking within GBM.



 

The Group enters into master netting agreements in respect of its derivative activities. These arrangements, which give the Group a legal right to set-off derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty, do not result in a net presentation in the Group's balance sheet for which IFRS requires an intention to settle net, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously, as well as a legally enforceable right to set-off.  These arrangements are, however, effective in reducing the credit exposure from derivative assets. The Group has executed master netting agreements with the majority of its derivative counterparties, resulting in a significant reduction in the net exposure to derivative assets. Furthermore, the Group holds substantial collateral against this net derivative asset exposure.




 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Cross border exposures

 

Cross border exposures are loans and advances including finance leases and instalment credit receivables and other monetary assets, including non-local currency claims of overseas offices on local residents. The Group monitors the geographical breakdown of these exposures based on the country of domicile of the borrower or guarantor of ultimate risk.

 

The table below sets out the Group's cross border exposures greater than 0.5% of the Group's total assets. None of these countries have experienced repayment difficulties that have required restructuring of outstanding debt.

 

 

30 June 2010

   
 

Government 

Banks and 

 financial 

 institutions 

Other 

Total 

   

31 December 

 2009 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

Total 

             

United States

21,986 

12,766 

39,581 

74,333 

 

74,409 

France

17,568 

16,878 

6,064 

40,510 

 

37,489 

Germany

19,981 

10,167 

8,612 

38,760 

 

41,727 

Japan

9,520 

7,756 

5,454 

22,730 

 

18,939 

Spain

1,614 

9,470 

8,197 

19,281 

 

27,118 

Netherlands

3,570 

2,980 

11,407 

17,957 

 

20,262 

Republic of Ireland

327 

6,172 

3,694 

10,193 

 

14,902 

Cayman Islands

48 

9,715 

9,763 

 

10,786 

Italy

5,047 

1,495 

2,706 

9,248 

 

14,421 



 

Key point

·

Most cross border exposures have reduced during H1 2010, excluding the effect of foreign exchange movements, reflecting active exposure management, to countries facing higher than average economic difficulties.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Balance sheet by internal credit quality bands

 

The following table provides an analysis of the credit quality and distribution of financial assets by the Group's internal credit quality gradings.

 

 

Cash and balances at central banks

Loans and advances to banks (1)

Loans and advances to customers

Settlement balances

Derivatives

Other financial instruments

Commitments

Contingent liabilities

Total

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                   

30 June 2010

                 

AQ1

29,583 

88,958 

105,238 

11,544 

476,629 

582 

73,952 

11,400 

797,886 

AQ2

3,198 

10,406 

1,873 

9,016 

22 

27,187 

5,541 

57,243 

AQ3

2,796 

34,328 

769 

10,005 

26,270 

6,180 

80,349 

AQ4

1,529 

94,669 

1,472 

8,006 

10 

49,221 

13,443 

168,350 

AQ5

1,908 

122,880 

371 

5,540 

39 

34,755 

6,410 

171,906 

AQ6

610 

89,995 

255 

5,083 

24,875 

2,172 

122,993 

AQ7

48 

46,578 

48 

2,238 

197 

22,352 

1,630 

73,092 

AQ8

113 

19,575 

12 

2,257 

9,403 

779 

32,139 

AQ9

145 

14,380 

16 

2,191 

78 

4,456 

968 

22,234 

AQ10

72 

9,888 

1,906 

2,775 

385 

15,027 

Accruing past due

14,074 

4,357 

18,431 

Non-accrual

180 

32,752 

32,932 

Impairment provision

(139)

(16,027)

(16,166)

                   
 

29,591 

99,418 

578,736 

20,718 

522,871 

928 

275,246 

48,908 

1,576,416 

                   

31 December 2009

                 

AQ1

51,521 

72,384 

106,062 

6,582 

389,019 

755 

62,084 

9,446 

697,853 

AQ2

1,725 

10,780 

306 

11,550 

27,598 

4,526 

56,494 

AQ3

2,175 

29,958 

199 

10,791 

28,364 

6,088 

77,576 

AQ4

23 

1,357 

102,922 

605 

8,296 

52,496 

14,948 

180,647 

AQ5

2,497 

124,724 

149 

8,270 

37 

43,239 

7,387 

186,305 

AQ6

424 

94,513 

40 

2,548 

30,847 

2,448 

130,821 

AQ7

110 

46,928 

33 

2,181 

98 

26,724 

2,352 

78,426 

AQ8

137 

23,593 

1,448 

12,507 

1,008 

38,693 

AQ9

184 

16,025 

2,030 

5,141 

1,279 

24,659 

AQ10

368 

9,051 

2,026 

3,618 

507 

15,573 

Accruing past due

36 

14,475 

3,910 

39 

18,460 

Non-accrual

115 

31,679 

197 

31,992 

Impairment provision

(157)

(15,016)

(15,173)

                   
 

51,548 

81,355 

595,694 

12,024 

438,199 

899 

292,618 

49,989 

1,522,326 



 

Notes:

(1)

Excludes items in the course of collection of £2,716 million (31 December 2009 - £2,519 million).

(2)

The table above excludes debt securities as these are analysed by external ratings on page 100.



 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments

 

Risk elements in lending (REIL) and potential problem loans (PPL)

The table below analyses the Group's loans that are classified as REIL and PPL.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total  

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total  

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

               

Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis (1):

             

-  Domestic (2)

7,100 

7,924 

15,024 

 

6,348 

7,221 

13,569 

-  Foreign

5,382 

12,526 

17,908 

 

4,383 

13,859 

18,242 

               
 

12,482 

20,450 

32,932 

 

10,731 

21,080 

31,811 

               

Accruing loans past due  90 days or more (3):

             

-  Domestic (2)

1,470 

1,192 

2,662 

 

1,135 

1,089 

2,224 

-  Foreign

340 

320 

660 

 

223 

731 

954 

               
 

1,810 

1,512 

3,322 

 

1,358 

1,820 

3,178 

               

Total REIL

14,292 

21,962 

36,254 

 

12,089 

22,900 

34,989 

               

PPL (4):

             

-  Domestic (2)

292 

174 

466 

 

137 

287 

424 

-  Foreign

179 

353 

532 

 

135 

365 

500 

               

Total PPL

471 

527 

998 

 

272 

652 

924 

               

Total REIL and PPL

14,763 

22,489 

37,252 

 

12,361 

23,552 

35,913 

               

REIL as a % of gross loans to customers (5)

3.3%

16.8%

6.5%

 

2.8%

15.1%

6.1%

               

REIL and PPL as a % of gross loans to

  customers (5)

3.4%

17.3%

6.6%

 

2.9%

15.5%

6.2%



 

Notes:

(1)

All loans against which an impairment provision is held are reported in the non-accrual category.

(2)

Domestic activities consist of the UK domestic transactions of the Group.  Foreign activities comprise the Group's transactions conducted through the offices outside the UK and those offices in the UK specifically organised to service international banking transactions.

(3)

Loans where an impairment event has taken place but no impairment recognised.  This category is used for fully collateralised non-revolving credit facilities.

(4)

Loans for which an impairment has occurred but no impairment provision is necessary.  This category is used for fully collateralised advances and revolving credit facilities where identification as 90 days overdue is not feasible.

(5)

Excludes reverse repos and includes gross loans relating to disposal groups.



 

Key points

·

REIL increased by 4%, with increases in Ulster Bank, primarily property, UK Retail and UK Corporate being partly offset by a reduction in Non-Core, reflecting one large individual write- off.

   

·

REIL and PPL represent 6.6% of gross loans to customers, up from 6.2% at year-end.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Loans, REIL and impairments by industry and geography

 

The table below analyses loans, REIL and impairment provisions by industry sector and geography.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Gross 

loans 

(1) 

REIL 

(2) 

Provisions 

(3) 

REIL 

 as a % 

 of loans 

Provisions 

as a % of REIL 

 

Gross 

 loans 

 (1) 

REIL 

(2) 

Provisions  (3) 

REIL 

as a % 

of  loans 

Provisions  as a % 

 of REIL 

Total

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                       

Central and local

  government

10,938 

 

7,660 

Finance

63,352 

1,156 

460 

1.8 

39.8 

 

60,386 

1,539 

419 

2.5 

27.2 

Individuals - home

144,441 

3,795 

732 

2.6 

19.3 

 

140,907 

3,284 

551 

2.3 

16.8 

Individuals - other

40,400 

3,826 

3,056 

9.5 

79.9 

 

41,671 

3,940 

2,926 

9.5 

74.3 

Manufacturing

38,371 

1,317 

544 

3.4 

41.3 

 

44,674 

3,131 

2,088 

7.0 

66.7 

Construction

12,917 

1,749 

691 

13.5 

39.5 

 

14,760 

2,232 

519 

15.1 

23.3 

Service and

  business (4)

127,142 

5,584 

2,220 

4.4 

39.8 

 

134,076 

5,308 

1,860 

4.0 

35.0 

Agriculture, forestry

  and fishing

4,084 

150 

69 

3.7 

46.0 

 

4,279 

137 

73 

3.2 

53.3 

Property

93,771 

17,895 

5,199 

19.1 

29.1 

 

99,426 

14,318 

3,422 

14.4 

23.9 

Finance leases (5)

18,605 

603 

348 

3.2 

57.7 

 

20,103 

894 

418 

4.4 

46.8 

Interest accruals

1,346 

         

1,728 

       

Latent

   

2,708 

         

2,740 

   
                       
 

555,367 

36,075 

16,027 

6.5 

44.4 

 

569,670 

34,783 

15,016 

6.1 

43.2 

of which:

                     

UK domestic

278,406 

17,688 

8,103 

6.4 

45.8 

 

277,741 

15,791 

6,811 

5.7 

43.1 

UK international

80,568 

278 

127 

0.3 

45.7 

 

79,391 

313 

111 

0.4 

35.5 

Europe

87,835 

13,313 

4,954 

15.2 

37.2 

 

102,244 

13,184 

5,292 

12.9 

40.1 

US

82,740 

2,870 

1,915 

3.5 

66.7 

 

83,014 

4,115 

2,020 

5.0 

49.1 

RoW (6)

25,818 

1,926 

928 

7.5 

48.2 

 

27,280 

1,380 

782 

5.1 

56.7 

                       
 

555,367 

36,075 

16,027 

6.5 

44.4 

 

569,670 

34,783 

15,016 

6.1 

43.2 



 

For notes to this table see page 109.

 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Loans, REIL and impairment provisions by industry and geography

 

The table below analyses loans, REIL and impairment provisions relating to the Core businesses, by industry sector and geography.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Gross 

loans 

 (1) 

REIL (2) 

Provisions 

(3) 

REIL 

 as a % 

 of loans 

Provisions 

as a %of REIL 

 

Gross 

 loans 

 (1) 

REIL 

(2) 

Provisions  (3) 

REIL 

as a % 

of loans 

Provisions  as a % 

 of REIL 

Core

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

%  

                       

Central and local

  government

9,568 

 

6,128 

Finance

54,373 

638 

307 

1.2 

48.1 

 

50,673 

1,038 

259 

2.0 

25.0 

Individuals - home

132,508 

3,076 

515 

2.3 

16.7 

 

127,975 

2,670 

341 

2.1 

12.8 

Individuals - other

35,003 

3,361 

2,707 

9.6 

80.5 

 

35,313 

3,344 

2,560 

9.5 

76.6 

Manufacturing

28,477 

379 

199 

1.3 

52.5 

 

30,272 

491 

191 

1.6 

38.9 

Construction

9,194 

418 

210 

4.5 

50.2 

 

9,502 

457 

131 

4.8 

28.7 

Service and

  business (4)

100,604 

2,518 

905 

2.5 

35.9 

 

100,438 

1,762 

669 

1.8 

38.0 

Agriculture, forestry

  and fishing

3,940 

101 

46 

2.6 

45.5 

 

3,726 

90 

46 

2.4 

51.1 

Property

47,025 

3,432 

755 

7.3 

22.0 

 

49,054 

1,766 

468 

3.6 

26.5 

Finance leases (5)

8,076 

208 

124 

2.6 

59.6 

 

8,147 

303 

116 

3.7 

38.3 

Interest accruals

920 

         

1,179 

       

Latent

   

1,736 

         

2,005 

   
                       
 

429,688 

14,131 

7,504 

3.3 

53.1 

 

422,407 

11,921 

6,786 

2.8 

56.9 

of which:

                     

UK domestic

219,187 

8,574 

4,615 

3.9 

53.8 

 

211,726 

7,481 

4,171 

3.5 

55.8 

UK international

69,039 

165 

29 

0.2 

17.6 

 

66,787 

314 

38 

0.5 

12.1 

Europe

55,628 

3,473 

1,730 

6.2 

49.8 

 

61,677 

2,348 

1,574 

3.8 

67.0 

US

65,863 

1,001 

906 

1.5 

90.5 

 

63,544 

1,497 

876 

2.4 

58.5 

RoW (6)

19,971 

918 

224 

4.6 

24.4 

 

18,673 

281 

127 

1.5 

45.2 

                       
 

429,688 

14,131 

7,504 

3.3 

53.1 

 

422,407 

11,921 

6,786 

2.8 

56.9 



 

For notes to this table see page 109.


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Loans, REIL and impairments by industry and geography (continued)

 

The table below analyses loans, REIL and impairment provisions relating to Non-Core, by industry sector and geography.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Gross 

loans 

 (1) 

REIL (2) 

Provisions 

(3) 

REIL 

as a % 

 of loans 

Provisions 

as a % 

of REIL 

 

Gross 

 loans 

 (1) 

REIL 

(2) 

Provisions  (3) 

REIL 

as a % 

of loans 

Provisions  as a % 

 of REIL 

Non-Core

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                       

Central and local

  government

1,370 

 

1,532 

Finance

8,979 

518 

153 

5.8 

29.5 

 

9,713 

501 

160 

5.2 

31.9 

Individuals - home

11,933 

719 

217 

6.0 

30.2 

 

12,932 

614 

210 

4.7 

34.2 

Individuals - other

5,397 

465 

349 

8.6 

75.1 

 

6,358 

596 

366 

9.4 

61.4 

Manufacturing

9,894 

938 

345 

9.5 

36.8 

 

14,402 

2,640 

1,897 

18.3 

71.9 

Construction

3,723 

1,331 

481 

35.8 

36.1 

 

5,258 

1,775 

388 

33.8 

21.9 

Service and

  business (4)

26,538 

3,066 

1,315 

11.6 

42.9 

 

33,638 

3,546 

1,191 

10.5 

33.6 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

144 

49 

23 

34.0 

46.9 

 

553 

47 

27 

8.5 

57.4 

Property

46,746 

14,463 

4,444 

30.9 

30.7 

 

50,372 

12,552 

2,954 

24.9 

23.5 

Finance leases (5)

10,529 

395 

224 

3.8 

56.7 

 

11,956 

591 

302 

4.9 

51.1 

Interest accruals

426 

         

549 

       

Latent

   

972 

         

735 

   
                       
 

125,679 

21,944 

8,523 

17.5 

38.8 

 

147,263 

22,862 

8,230 

15.5 

36.0 

of which:

                     

UK domestic

59,219 

9,114 

3,488 

15.4 

38.3 

 

66,015 

8,310 

2,640 

12.6 

31.8 

UK international

11,529 

113 

98 

1.0 

86.7 

 

12,604 

90 

73 

0.7 

81.1 

Europe

32,207 

9,840 

3,224 

30.6 

32.8 

 

40,567 

10,745 

3,718 

26.5 

34.6 

US

16,877 

1,869 

1,009 

11.1 

54.0 

 

19,470 

2,618 

1,144 

13.4 

43.7 

RoW (6)

5,847 

1,008 

704 

17.2 

69.8 

 

8,607 

1,099 

655 

12.8 

59.6 

                       
 

125,679 

21,944 

8,523 

17.5 

38.8 

 

147,263 

22,862 

8,230 

15.5 

36.0 



 

Notes:

(1)

Gross loans and advances to customers (excluding reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing).

(2)

Excludes gross loans and advances relating to disposal groups.

(3)

Closing provisions relating to loans and advances to customers.

(4)

Service industries and business activities.

(5)

Includes instalment credit.

(6)

Rest of the World.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Movement in REIL and PPL

 

The table below details the movement in REIL and PPL for the half year ended 30 June 2010.

 

 

REIL 

PPL 

 Total 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

       

At 1 January 2010

34,989 

924 

35,913 

Currency translation and other  adjustments

(667)

(5)

(672)

Additions

10,679 

630 

11,309 

Transfers

102 

(102)

Disposals, restructurings and repayments

(4,671)

(449)

(5,120)

Amounts written-off

(4,178)

(4,178)

       

At 30 June 2010

36,254 

998 

37,252 



 

Key points

·

Total REIL increased by £1.3 billion in the first half of the year. Additions of £4.8 billion in Core and £5.8 billion in Non-Core were partly offset by disposals, restructurings and repayments (Core - £1.9 billion; Non-Core - £2.7 billion) and write-offs (Core - £1.2 billion; Non-Core - £2.9 billion).

   

·

Net increases in Core REIL were mainly due to growth in Ulster Bank of £1.2 billion, primarily relating to property portfolios, and in UK Corporate of £0.6 billion.

   

·

Total REIL of £36.3 billion at 30 June 2010 was broadly unchanged from 31 March 2010, with decreases in Non-Core of £1.0 billion, offset by increases in Ulster Bank and GBM of £0.5 billion each.



 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

REIL and PPL by division

 

The table below analyses REIL, PPL and impairment provisions by division.

 

REIL 

PPL 

REIL 

 & PPL 

Total 

 provision 

Total 

 provision as 

 % of REIL 

Total 

 provision 

 as % of 

 REIL & PPL 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

             

30 June 2010

           

UK Retail

4,845 

4,845 

2,887 

60 

60 

UK Corporate

2,928 

245 

3,173 

1,477 

50 

47 

Wealth

229 

48 

277 

64 

28 

23 

Global Banking & Markets

1,767 

159 

1,926 

1,201 

68 

62 

Global Transaction Services

174 

13 

187 

169 

97 

90 

Ulster Bank

3,484 

3,490 

1,321 

38 

38 

US Retail & Commercial

865 

865 

514 

59 

59 

             

Core

14,292 

471 

14,763 

7,633 

53 

52 

Non-Core

21,962 

527 

22,489 

8,533 

39 

38 

             
 

36,254 

998 

37,252 

16,166 

45 

43 

.

           

31 March 2010

           

UK Retail

4,706 

4,706 

2,810 

60 

60 

UK Corporate

2,496 

106 

2,602 

1,367 

55 

53 

Wealth

219 

45 

264 

58 

26 

22 

Global Banking & Markets

1,237 

177 

1,414 

1,298 

105 

92 

Global Transaction Services

184 

191 

184 

100 

96 

Ulster Bank

2,987 

2,990 

1,157 

39 

39 

US Retail & Commercial

710 

710 

523 

74 

74 

             

Core

12,539 

338 

12,877 

7,397 

59 

57 

Non-Core

23,997 

255 

24,252 

9,430 

39 

39 

             
 

36,536 

593 

37,129 

16,827 

46 

45 

             

31 December 2009

           

UK Retail

4,641 

4,641 

2,677 

58 

58 

UK Corporate

2,330 

97 

2,427 

1,271 

55 

52 

Wealth

218 

38 

256 

55 

25 

21 

Global Banking & Markets

1,800 

131 

1,931 

1,289 

72 

67 

Global Transaction Services

197 

201 

189 

96 

94 

Ulster Bank

2,260 

2,262 

962 

43 

43 

US Retail & Commercial

643 

643 

478 

74 

74 

             

Core

12,089 

272 

12,361 

6,921 

57 

56 

Non-Core

22,900 

652 

23,552 

8,252 

36 

35 

             
 

34,989 

924 

35,913 

15,173 

43 

42 



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

REIL and PPL by division (continued)

 

Key points

·

Provision coverage of REIL increased from 43% to 45%.

   

·

Provision coverage of REIL for Core was 53% while that for Non-Core was 39%. The differing ratios arise from product mix with Core REIL containing a higher proportion of unsecured credit exposures whilst Non-Core contains more secured exposures which require relatively lower provisions.

   

·

Provisions coverage was down slightly from 46% at 31 March 2010 to 45% at 30 June 2010.



 

Movement in loan impairment provisions

The following table shows the movement in impairment provisions for loans and advances to customers and banks.

 

 

First half 2010

 

Quarter ended 31 March 2010

 

 

Full year 

31 December 

2009 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

   
 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

                 

At beginning of period

6,921 

8,252 

15,173 

 

6,921 

8,252 

15,173 

 

9,451 

Transfers to disposal groups

(67)

(67)

 

(29)

(29)

 

(321)

Currency translation and

  other adjustments

(279)

119 

(160)

 

30 

185 

215 

 

(428)

Disposals

(17)

(17)

 

 

(65)

Amounts written-off

(1,063)

(2,718)

(3,781)

 

(501)

(596)

(1,097)

 

(6,478)

Recoveries of amounts

  previously written-off

104 

46 

150 

 

45 

25 

70 

 

325 

Charge to income statement

2,046 

3,035 

5,081 

 

950 

1,652 

2,602 

 

13,090 

Unwind of discount

(96)

(117)

(213)

 

(48)

(59)

(107)

 

(401)

                   

At end of period

7,633 

8,533 

16,166 

 

7,397 

9,430 

16,827 

 

15,173 



 

Loan impairment provisions on loans to customers

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 March 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

Core 

Non-Core 

Total 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                       

Latent loss

1,736 

972 

2,708 

 

2,017 

809 

2,826 

 

2,005 

735 

2,740 

Collectively

  assessed

3,938 

1,166 

5,104 

 

3,783 

1,164 

4,947 

 

3,509 

1,266 

4,775 

Individually

  assessed

1,830 

6,385 

8,215 

 

1,459 

7,437 

8,896 

 

1,272 

6,229 

7,501 

                       

Total (1)

7,504 

8,523 

16,027 

 

7,259 

9,410 

16,669 

 

6,786 

8,230 

15,016 



 

Note:

(1)

Excludes £139 million relating to loans and advances to banks at 30 June 2010 (31 March 2010 - £158 million; 31 December 2009 - £157 million).



 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Analysis of loan impairment charge

 

The following table analyses impairment losses.

 

 

Quarter ended

 

Half year ended

 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

2010 

30 June 

2009 

 

30 June 

2010 

30 June 

2009 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

 £m 

             

Latent loss

(76)

31 

616 

 

(45)

724

Collectively assessed

752 

841 

1,008 

 

1,593 

2,003

Individually assessed - customer loans

1,803 

1,730 

2,889 

 

3,533 

4,061

             

Customer loans

2,479 

2,602 

4,513 

 

5,081 

6,788

Bank loans

 

8

Securities

73 

143 

 

81 

725

             

Charge to income statement

2,487 

2,675 

4,663 

 

5,162 

7,521

             

Charge relating to customer loans as a % of

  gross customer loans (1)

1.8%

1.8%

3.0%

 

1.8%

2.2%



 

Note:

(1)

Gross of provisions excluding reverse repurchase agreements and including gross loans relating to disposal groups.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Credit risk: Risk elements and impairments (continued)

 

Impairment charge

The following table details the total impairment losses charged to the income statement by division.

 

 

Quarter ended

 

Half year ended

 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

2010 

30 June 

2009 

 

30 June 

2010 

30 June 

2009 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

 £m 

             

UK Retail

300 

387 

470 

 

687 

824 

UK Corporate

198 

186 

450 

 

384 

550 

Wealth

16 

 

11 

22 

Global Banking & Markets

164 

32 

(31)

 

196 

238 

Global Transaction Services

 

13 

Ulster Bank

281 

218 

90 

 

499 

157 

US Retail & Commercial

144 

143 

146 

 

287 

369 

RBS Insurance

 

Central items

 

(2)

             

Core

1,097 

971 

1,147 

 

2,068 

2,177 

Non-Core

1,390 

1,704 

3,516 

 

3,094 

5,344 

             

 

Charge to income statement

2,487 

2,675 

4,663 

 

5,162 

7,521 

             

Comprising:

         

 

 

 

- Loan impairment losses

2,479 

2,602 

4,520 

 

5,081 

6,796 

 

- Securities impairment losses

73 

143 

 

81 

725 

             

Charge to income statement

2,487 

2,675 

4,663 

 

5,162 

7,521 



 

Key points

·

Impairment charges fell overall from £7.5 billion in H1 2009 to £5.2 billion in H1 2010, primarily in Non-Core, reflecting the improving trends seen since H2 2009, particularly in the UK corporate sector.

   

·

Impairment charges in Q2 2010 were £188 million less than in Q1 2010. Lower charges in Non-Core (£0.3 billion) and UK Retail (£0.1 billion) were partially offset by increases in Ulster Bank (£0.1 billion) and GBM (£0.1 billion).

   

·

Impairments in Ulster Bank increased significantly reflecting continued downward pressures on commercial and residential property asset values and the resultant impact on credit quality of customers.

   

·

The increased charge in GBM in Q2 2010 relates to a few individual provisions; Q1 2010 benefited from the absence of any such provisions.




 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Funding and liquidity risk

 

The objective of the Group's funding and liquidity management framework is to ensure that at all times the Group can meet its obligations as they fall due.

 

Liquidity management within the Group specifies prudent limits and controls over risk arising from the mismatch of maturities across the balance sheet and from the exposure to undrawn commitments and other contingent obligations.

 

Loan to deposit ratio (net of provisions): This ratio has improved from 131% at 31 March 2010 to 128% at 30 June 2010 for the Group and is stable at 102% at 31 March 2010 and 30 June 2010 for the Core businesses.  The Group has a target for this ratio of 100% by 2013.  The gap between customer loans and customer deposits (excluding repurchase agreements and Bancassurance) narrowed by £13 billion from £131 billion at 31 March 2010 to £118 billion at 30 June 2010, due primarily to a reduction in Non-Core and GBM customer loans.

 

Short-term wholesale funding: The Group's funding objective is to diversify its funding sources and to reduce the amount of its wholesale funding with remaining maturity of less than one year. The Group's overall reliance on wholesale funding with less than one year residual maturity has decreased from £222 billion at 31 March 2010 to £198 billion at 30 June 2010 (including £92 billion of deposits from banks).

 

Undrawn commitments: The Group actively manages the amount of undrawn commitments to align them with its ability to meet those obligations. Undrawn commitments decreased by £12 billion from £283 billion at 31 March 2010 to £271 billion at 30 June 2010.

 

Liquidity reserves: The following table shows the composition of the liquidity reserves which comprise government securities, a pool of unencumbered secured assets eligible for discounting at central banks and other liquid assets. The Group's 2013 target for its liquidity reserves remains at £150 billion.

 

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

   2010 

31 December 

2009 

Liquidity reserves

£m 

£m 

£m 

       

Central Group Treasury portfolio

25,243 

25,212 

19,655 

Treasury bills

15,647 

19,810 

27,547 

Other government securities

13,177 

14,333 

10,205 

       

Total government securities

54,067 

59,355 

57,407 

Cash and central bank balances

29,591 

42,008 

51,500 

Unencumbered collateral (1)

39,580 

46,370 

42,055 

Other liquid assets

13,731 

17,158 

19,699 

       
 

136,969 

164,891 

170,661 



 

Note:

(1)

Includes secured assets which are eligible for discounting at central banks.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Funding and liquidity risk (continued)

 

Key points

The Group's liquidity reserves of £137 billion at 30 June 2010 were £28 billion lower than at 31 March 2010 primarily due to the following factors:

 

·

A reduction of £16 billion in surplus cash balances held at central banks and other liquid assets, which had been built up as a prudent measure ahead of the legal separation of RBS NV and ABN AMRO in April 2010. Following successful separation, the liquid assets and associated short-term wholesale funding were managed down to business as usual levels.

   

·

A reduction of £4 billion of contingent liquidity available through central bank schemes introduced in 2008 and 2009. This reflects the Group's strategy to reduce reliance on central bank liquidity and funding schemes.

   

·

Exchange rate movements in Q2 2010 which reduced reported liquidity reserves by £4 billion.



 

Repurchase agreements: At 30 June 2010 the Group had £71 billion of customer repurchase agreements compared with £81 billion at 31 March 2010. In addition the Group had £44 billion of bank repurchase agreements against £48 billion at 31 March 2010 and £38 billion at 31 December 2009; this includes borrowing using central bank funding schemes.

 

Wholesale funding: The tables below show the composition of the sources of wholesale funding. 

 

 

30 June 2010

 



 

31 March 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

£m 

 

£m 

 

£m 

                 

Deposits by banks (1)

96,614 

12.7 

 



 

100,168 



 

12.6 

 

115,642 

14.3 

                 

Debt securities in issue:

               

-  Commercial paper

30,865 

4.1 

 



 

36,588 



 

4.6 

 

44,307 

5.5 

-  Certificates of deposits

45,888 

6.0 

 



 

57,369 



 

7.2 

 

58,195 

7.2 

-  Medium-term notes and

    other bonds

122,981 

16.1 

 

126,610 

15.9 

 

125,800 

15.6 

-  Securitisations

17,583 

2.3 

 



 

18,645 



 

2.3 

 

18,027 

2.2 

                 
 

217,317 

28.5 

 



 

239,212 



 

30.0 

 

246,329 

30.5 

                 

Subordinated liabilities

27,523 

3.6 

 



 

31,936 



 

4.0 

 

31,538 

3.9 

                 

Total wholesale funding

341,454 

44.8 

 



 

371,316 



 

46.6 

 

393,509 

48.7 

Customer deposits (1)

420,890 

55.2 

 



 

425,102 



 

53.4 

 

414,251 

51.3 

                 
 

762,344 

100.0 

 



 

796,418 



 

100.0 

 

807,760 

100.0 



 

Note:

(1)

Excludes repurchase agreements and stock lending.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Funding and liquidity risk (continued)

 

Wholesale funding (continued)

 

Key points

·

The Group has continued to execute its strategic objective to reduce reliance on wholesale funding. Each source of wholesale funding has reduced during the first half of 2010: deposits by banks (16% reduction), debt securities in issue (12% reduction), and subordinated liabilities (13% reduction).

   

·

The Group has increased the proportion of its funding base from customer deposits during the first half of the year by 4%, from 51% at 31 December 2009 to 55% at 30 June 2010.



 

The table below analyses the Group's debt securities and subordinated debt by maturity.

 

 

30  June 2010

 

31 March 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Debt 

 securities 

 in issue 

Sub 

debt 

 (1) 

Total 

   

Debt 

securities  in issue 

Sub 

debt 

(1) 

Total 

   

Debt 

securities 

 in issue 

Sub 

 debt 

(1) 

Total 

 
 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                             

< one year

103,630 

2,422 

106,052 

43.3 

 

126,102 

1,835 

127,937 

47.2 

 

136,901 

2,144 

139,045 

50.0 

1-5 years

77,266 

7,575 

84,841 

34.7 

 

73,842 

6,079 

79,921 

29.5 

 

70,437 

4,235 

74,672 

26.9 

> 5 years

36,421 

17,526 

53,947 

22.0 

 

39,268 

24,022 

63,290 

23.3 

 

38,991 

25,159 

64,150 

23.1 

                             
 

217,317 

27,523 

244,840 

100.0 

 

239,212 

31,936 

271,148 

100.0 

 

246,329 

31,538 

277,867 

100.0 



 

Note:

(1)

Subordinated liabilities.



 

Key points

·

Debt securities in issue and subordinated debt with a remaining maturity of less than 1 year decreased by £22 billion during Q2 2010, and by £33 billion in the first half primarily due to a focused strategy around asset reductions and terming out of the remaining wholesale funding.

   

·

The proportion of debt instruments with a remaining maturity of greater than one year has increased from 50% at 31 December 2009 to 57% at 30 June 2010.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Funding and liquidity risk (continued)

 

Wholesale funding (continued)

 

Long-term debt securities issuance: The table below shows the amount and type of debt securities issued by the Group, by quarter for the year to date. This table includes long term debt securities issued with a maturity greater than one year; in addition the Group executes other long-term funding arrangements which are not reflected here.

 

 

Quarter ended

Half year 

 ended 

30 June 

2010 

Quarter ended

Half year 

 ended 

30 June 

2009 

30 June 

2010 

31 March 

2010 

 

30 June 

2009 

31 March 

2009 

 
 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£bn 

             

Public

           

-  unsecured

1,882 

3,976 

5,858 

3,123 

3,123 

-  unsecured: government guaranteed

4,520 

8,804 

13,324 

-  secured

1,030 

1,030 

Private

           

-  unsecured

2,370 

4,158 

6,528 

2,654 

1,637 

4,291 

-  unsecured: government guaranteed

2,428 

6,493 

8,921 

             
 

5,282 

8,134 

13,416 

12,725 

16,934 

29,659 



 

Key points 

·

Term funding markets were very strong in Q1 2010 but became more challenging in Q2 due to eurozone concerns. The Group managed during the period to issue £8.1 billion and £5.3 billion in Q1 and Q2 2010 respectively.

   

·

Issuances in public and private markets in H1 2010 exceeded 50% of the Group's original full year target funding plan of c. £20-25 billion.

   

·

An additional £3.1 billion was issued in July, and it appears markets are improving post the CEBS stress test results.

   

·

The Group launched a €15 billion covered bond programme in April 2010 as one important step towards its goal of diversifying funding sources across product types and markets as much as possible. In June 2010, €1.25 billion of covered bonds were issued from this programme.



 

 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Funding and liquidity risk (continued)

 

Net stable funding ratio:

The net stable funding ratio (NSFR) shows the proportion of structural term assets which are funded by stable funding, including customer deposits, long-term wholesale funding and equity.  The measure has improved slightly to 92% at 30 June 2010. The Group is considering an alternative methodology in light of the Basel Committee's decision to delay the requirement of the NSFR until 2018.

 

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

   
   

ASF(1) 

   

ASF(1) 

 

Weighting 

 

£bn 

£bn 

 

£bn 

£bn 

 

               

Equity

77 

77 

 

80 

80 

 

100 

Wholesale funding > 1 year

143 

143 

 

144 

144 

 

100 

Wholesale funding < 1 year

198 

 

249 

 

Derivatives

509 

 

422 

 

Repos

115 

 

106 

 

Customer deposits

421 

358 

 

415 

353 

 

85 

Other (deferred taxation, insurance liabilities, etc)

118 

 

106 

 

               

Total liabilities and equity

1,581 

578 

 

 1,522 

577 

   
               
               

Cash

30 

 

52 

 

Inter bank lending

54 

 

49 

 

Debt securities

236 

47 

 

249 

50 

 

20 

Derivatives

523 

 

438 

 

Reverse repos

87 

 

76 

 

Advances < 1 year

135 

67 

 

139 

69 

 

50 

Advances >1 year

404 

404 

 

416 

416 

 

100 

Other (prepayments, accrued income, deferred taxation)

112 

112 

 

103 

103 

 

100 

               

Total assets

1,581 

630 

 

 1,522 

638 

   
               

Net stable funding ratio

 

92% 

   

90% 

   


 

Note:

(1)

Available stable funding.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk 

Market risk arises from changes in interest rates, foreign currency, credit spread, equity prices and risk related factors such as market volatilities.  The Group manages market risk centrally within its trading and non-trading portfolios through a comprehensive market risk management framework.  This framework includes limits based on, but not limited to, VaR, scenario analyses, position and sensitivity analyses.

 

At the Group level, the risk appetite is expressed in the form of a combination of VaR, sensitivity and scenario limits.  VaR is a technique that produces estimates of the potential change in the market value of a portfolio over a specified time horizon at given confidence levels.  For internal risk management purposes, the Group's VaR assumes a time horizon of one trading day and a confidence level of 99%.  The Group's VaR model is based on a historical simulation model, utilising data from the previous two years trading results.

 

The VaR disclosure is broken down into trading, non-trading and interest rate risk. Trading VaR relates to the main trading activities of the Group and non-trading reflects the VaR associated with reclassified assets, money market business and the management of internal funds flow within the Group's businesses. Interest rate risk disclosures reflect the Group's structural and non-traded interest rate exposure.

 

As part of the ongoing review and analysis of the suitability of the Group's VaR model, a methodology enhancement to the ABS VaR was approved and incorporated into the regulatory model in H1 2010. The credit crisis in the US in 2007-2009 caused large price changes for some structured bonds and the spread based approach to calculating VaR for these instruments started to give inaccurate risk levels, particularly for bonds trading at a significant discount to par.  The methodology enhancement harmonised the VaR approach in the US and Europe by replacing the absolute spread-based approach with a more reliable and granular relative price-based mapping scheme. The enhancement better reflects the risk in the context of position changes, downgrades and vintages as well as improving the differentiation between prime, Alt-A and sub-prime exposures.

 

All VaR models have limitations, which include:

 

·

Historical simulation VaR may not provide the best estimate of future market movements.  It can only provide a prediction of the future based on events that occurred in the time series horizon therefore, events more severe than those in the historical data series cannot be predicted;

   

·

VaR that uses a 99% confidence level does not reflect the extent of potential losses beyond that percentile;

   

·

VaR that uses a one-day time horizon will not fully capture the profit and loss implications of positions that cannot be liquidated or hedged within one day; and

   

·

The Group computes the VaR of trading portfolios at the close of business.  Positions may change substantially during the course of the trading day and intra-day profits and losses will be incurred.



 

These limitations mean that the Group cannot guarantee that profits or losses will not exceed the VaR.


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Traded portfolios

 

The table below analyses the VaR for the Group's trading portfolios segregated by type of market risk exposure.

 

30 June 2010 (1)

 

31 December 2009 (1)

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                   

Interest rate

45.8 

42.8 

64.2 

32.5 

 

48.5 

50.5 

84.6 

28.1 

Credit spread

158.2 

203.0 

203.2 

113.0 

 

170.8 

174.8 

211.6 

135.7 

Currency

20.6 

21.4 

28.0 

13.9 

 

18.0 

20.7 

26.2 

10.5 

Equity

10.4 

6.7 

17.3 

6.6 

 

13.0 

13.1 

23.2 

2.7 

Commodity

10.7 

8.1 

15.8 

6.7 

 

15.8 

8.9 

32.1 

6.6 

Diversification

 

(71.5)

       

(86.1)

   
                   

Total

152.9 

210.5 

210.5 

103.0 

 

166.9 

181.9 

214.7 

121.2 

                   

Core

95.5 

118.1 

145.4 

58.9 

 

104.6 

127.3 

135.4 

73.8 

CEM (2)

45.1 

75.5 

76.5 

30.3 

 

38.1 

38.6 

41.3 

29.4 

Core excluding CEM (2)

82.8 

78.6 

108.7 

53.6 

 

83.8 

97.4 

116.5 

55.3 

                   

Non-Core

90.4 

104.9 

108.1 

63.2 

 

97.3 

84.8 

147.7 

58.6 



 

Notes:

(1)

As of and for the six months ended.

(2)

Counterparty Exposure Management.



 

Key points

·

The credit spread, Core and total VaR have decreased overall in H1 2010 compared with H2 2009.  A significant decrease in VaR was observed primarily due to the implementation of the relative price-based mapping scheme described above; however this was partially offset by the novation of counterparty risk hedging trades from RBS NV to RBS plc.  For RBS NV there is no local regulatory requirement for counterparty hedges to be included in VaR, as they are treated on a standardised basis but on novation to CEM in RBS plc, under UK regulatory requirements, the trades were captured by the VaR model resulting in an increase in VaR.

   

·

The period end and maximum VaR for CEM is significantly higher in H1 2010 compared to H2 2009 due to the novation of the counterparty risk hedging trades described above.  CEM manages the counterparty risk on behalf of GBM, by actively controlling risk concentrations and reducing unwanted risk exposures. The hedging transactions CEM enters into are booked in the trading book, and therefore contribute to the market risk VaR exposure of the Group. The counterparty exposures themselves are not captured in VaR regulatory capital.

   

·

The Non-Core average VaR also decreased due to the implementation of the price mapping scheme, but this was more than offset by the weakening of sterling against the US dollar through the period.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Non-traded portfolios

 

The tables below analyse the risk of the Group's non-trading portfolios.

 

VaR is not always the most appropriate measure of risk for assets in the non-trading book and particularly for those in Non-Core, which will diminish over time as the asset inventory is sold down.

 

The first VaR table below represents the VaR for all non-trading portfolios as reported in previous disclosures for comparative purposes. To better represent the risk of the non-traded portfolios, the second table below analyses the VaR for the non-trading portfolios, but excludes the Non-Core structured credit portfolio (SCP). These assets are shown separately on a drawn notional and fair value basis by maturity profile and asset class. The risk in this portfolio is managed on both an asset and RWA basis.

 

VaR for the Group's non-trading portfolios (including SCP), segregated by type of market risk exposure is shown below.

 

 

30 June 2010 (1)

 

31 December 2009 (1)

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                   

Interest rate

10.6 

9.3 

15.8 

6.5 

 

13.4 

16.5 

17.2 

9.5 

Credit spread

161.3 

135.2 

226.9 

133.8 

 

223.2 

213.3 

245.8 

180.3 

Currency

1.7 

3.0 

7.9 

0.3 

 

1.6 

0.6 

7.0 

0.5 

Equity

0.9 

0.4 

3.4 

0.2 

 

3.2 

2.3 

3.7 

1.7 

Diversification

 

(19.9)

       

(26.0)

   
                   

Total

153.1 

128.0 

216.2 

128.0 

 

214.4 

206.7 

234.3 

182.7 

                   

Core

71.8 

31.9 

145.7 

30.6 

 

127.0 

129.4 

142.7 

81.0 

Non-Core

101.2 

113.4 

120.8 

79.6 

 

102.3 

87.6 

120.2 

80.3 



 

Note:

(1)

As of and for the six months ended.



 

Key points

·

Sales of available-for-sale securities contributed to the VaR reduction.

 

 

·

As for traded VaR, the non-traded credit spread, Core and total VaR have decreased significantly due to the implementation of the relative price-based mapping scheme in the VaR methodology discussed above.

 

 

·

The H1 2010 period end Non-Core VaR increased due to:

 

(a)

Loan collateral came back on the balance sheet in April 2010 following the failure of some real estate investment trusts that had pledged commercial real estate loans; and

 

(b)

The implementation in March 2010 of the relative price-based ABS VaR methodology described above.  The enhancement for these Non-Core banking book positions resulted in mapping to a relatively more volatile time series and hence increased VaR.



 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Non-traded portfolios (continued)

 

VaR for non-trading portfolios (excluding SCP), segregated by type of mark risk exposure, is presented below.

 

30 June 2010

 

31 December 2009

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                   

Interest rate

9.8 

10.1 

13.6 

6.5 

 

12.7 

15.0 

16.0 

9.1 

Credit spread

154.4 

125.1 

227.2 

123.0 

 

214.5 

209.5 

232.8 

176.5 

Currency

1.7 

3.4 

7.6 

0.3 

 

1.6 

0.6 

7.0 

0.5 

Equity

0.9 

0.4 

3.4 

0.2 

 

3.2 

2.3 

3.7 

1.7 

Diversification

 

(22.4)

       

(31.6)

   
                   

Total

148.1 

116.6 

216.2 

115.0 

 

201.1 

195.8 

221.9 

167.7 

                   

Core

71.8 

31.9 

145.7 

30.6 

 

127.0 

129.4 

142.7 

81.0 

Non-Core

80.6 

85.5 

94.7 

70.2 

 

83.2 

72.9 

98.5 

72.9 



 

Structured Credit Portfolio

 

 

CDOs (1)

 

CLOs (2)

 

MBS (3)

 

Other ABS

 

Total

 

30 

 June 

 2010 

31 

December  2009 

 

30 

 June 

 2010 

31 

December  2009 

 

30 

 June 

 2010 

31 

December  2009 

 

30 

 June 

 2010 

31 December 2009 

 

30 

 June 

2010 

31 

December2009 

 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

                             

Drawn notional:

                           

1-2 years

 

 

 

67.5 

81.5 

 

67.5 

81.5 

2-3 years

75.0 

39.9 

 

20.0 

 

42.5 

 

85.0 

19.4 

 

222.5 

59.3 

3-4 years

29.8 

18.8 

 

36.7 

18.5 

 

19.0 

42.3 

 

297.9 

99.0 

 

383.4 

178.6 

4-5 years

20.2 

17.4 

 

10.8 

47.1 

 

38.1 

36.4 

 

58.6 

331.7 

 

127.7 

432.6 

5-10 years

90.1 

107.2 

 

438.8 

684.8 

 

393.6 

424.0 

 

547.8 

521.5 

 

1,470.3 

1,737.5 

>10 years

624.2 

593.5 

 

1,004.5 

1,113.6 

 

688.7 

820.0 

 

607.4 

572.9 

 

2,924.8 

3,100.0 

                             
 

839.3 

776.8 

 

1,510.8 

1,864.0 

 

1,181.9 

1,322.7 

 

1,664.2 

1,626.0 

 

5,196.2 

5,589.5 

                             

Fair value:

                           

1-2 years

 

 

 

61.2 

67.7 

 

61.2 

67.7 

2-3 years

70.3 

23.9 

 

18.3 

 

31.4 

 

79.5 

18.1 

 

199.5 

42.0 

3-4 years

23.3 

16.4 

 

31.8 

16.8 

 

17.9 

31.2 

 

239.3 

75.6 

 

312.3 

140.0 

4-5 years

17.2 

3.5 

 

10.4 

41.3 

 

32.9 

28.8 

 

52.8 

275.0 

 

113.3 

348.6 

5-10 years

80.1 

89.7 

 

389.9 

593.5 

 

254.5 

251.4 

 

454.6 

394.0 

 

1,179.1 

1,328.6 

>10 years

232.5 

192.7 

 

810.4 

895.6 

 

419.5 

468.4 

 

386.8 

324.9 

 

1,849.2 

1,881.6 

                             
 

423.4 

326.2 

 

1,260.8 

1,547.2 

 

756.2 

779.8 

 

1,274.2 

1,155.3 

 

3,714.6 

3,808.5 



 

Notes:

(1)

Collateralised debt obligations.

(2)

Collateralised loan obligations.

(3)

Mortgage-backed securities.



 

MBS include sub-prime RMBS with a notional amount of £562.3 million (31 December 2009 - £681.7 million) and a fair value of £349.5 million (31 December 2009 - £415.1 million), all with residual maturities greater than 10 years.


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Structured Credit Portfolio (continued)

 

Key points

·

The reduction of total portfolio notionals was driven by sales of AUD and USD denominated CLO assets and amortisation of MBS assets. The sales were partially offset by foreign exchange translation on USD denominated assets, particularly CDO and other ABS assets.

   

·

Fair values reduced significantly less than the notionals. The divergence was due to a rally in risk assets during 2010, where CDO and other ABS assets rallied strongly from the 2009 year end prices.



 

Interest rate risk

 

The table below shows the structural interest rate VaR for the Group's retail and commercial businesses and non-traded interest rate VaR, analysed by currency.

 

 

30 June 2010 (1)

 

31 December 2009 (1)

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

                   

Interest rate VaR

56.8 

42.1 

77.5 

42.1 

 

72.6 

101.3 

101.3 

53.3 



 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

 

£m 

£m 

     

EUR

4.3 

32.2 

GBP

12.0 

111.2 

USD

36.9 

42.1 

Other

14.6 

9.0 



 

Note:

(1)

As of and for the six months ended.



 

Key points

·

The sterling interest rate VaR has reduced significantly as a result of the hedging of the proceeds from the B-share issuance in December 2009.

   

·

The Euro interest rate VaR significantly reduced following legal separation of ABN AMRO and RBS NV on 1 April 2010.





 


 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Sensitivity of net interest income*

 

The Group seeks to mitigate the effect of prospective interest rate movements which could reduce future net interest income (NII) through its management of market risk in the Group's retail and commercial portfolios, whilst balancing the cost of such hedging activities on the current net revenue stream.

 

The following table shows the sensitivity of NII over the next twelve months to an immediate up and down 1% change to all interest rates.

 

 

30 June 

2010 

31 December 

2009 

 

£m 

£m 

     

+ 100bp shift in yield curves

429 

510 

- 100bp shift in yield curves

(364)

(687)



 

The base case projected NII is based on the Group's period end balance sheetand forward rate paths implied by the yield curve at 30 June 2010. Contractual repricing dates are used when available. Where contractual repricing dates are not held an estimate of the likely timing and extent of any rate change is used. The projection also includes the expected effects of behavioural options such as the prepayment of residential mortgages. The reported sensitivities show how this projected NII would change in response to an immediate parallel shift to all market rates.

 

The scenarios used are simplified in that they assume all interest rates for all currencies and maturities move simultaneously and by the same amount. The scenarios do not incorporate new business or potential management actions taken to mitigate the impact of the interest rate risk shock.

 

The Group remains asset sensitive. The position reflects the assumed margin uplift from the removal of embedded deposit floors and slower mortgage prepayment speeds in higher rate environments. The position also reflects the Group's view that market rates are more likely to rise than decline from levels implied by the forward yield curve.

 

 

 

 

* Not reviewed

 

Risk and capital management (continued)

 

Market risk: Currency risk

 

The Group does not maintain material non-trading open currency positions other than the structural foreign currency translation exposures arising from its investments in foreign subsidiaries and associated undertakings and their related currency funding.  For more details, refer to the Group's 2009 Report and Accounts - Risk, capital and liquidity management section, included within the Business review.

 

The table below details the Group's structural foreign currency exposures.
 

 

Net assets 

 of overseas 

 operations 

RFS 

Holdings 

 minority 

 interest 

Net 

investments 

in foreign 

 operations 

Net 

 investment 

 hedges 

Structural 

 foreign 

 currency 

 exposures 

pre-economic 

hedges 

Economic 

 hedges (1) 

Residual 

structural 

foreign 

currency 

exposures 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

               

30 June 2010

             

US dollar

17,536 

17,534 

(2,846)

14,688 

(4,205)

10,483 

Euro

7,192 

104 

7,088 

(778)

6,310 

(2,191)

4,119 

Other non-sterling

5,219 

266 

4,953 

(3,703)

1,250 

-

1,250 

               
 

29,947 

372 

29,575 

(7,327)

22,248 

(6,396)

15,852 

               

31 December 2009

             

US dollar

15,589 

(2)

15,591 

(3,846)

11,745 

(5,696)

6,049 

Euro

21,900 

13,938 

7,962 

(2,351)

5,611 

(3,522)

2,089 

Other non-sterling

5,706 

511 

5,195 

(4,001)

1,194 

1,194 

               
 

43,195 

14,447 

28,748 

(10,198)

18,550 

(9,218)

9,332 



 

Note:

(1)

The economic hedges represent US dollar and Euro preference shares in issue that are treated as equity under IFRS, and do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes.



 

Key point

·

Structural foreign currency exposures have increased in sterling terms due to exchange rate movements and reduced hedging. The increased exposures more effectively offset retranslation movements in RWAs, reducing the sensitivity of the Group's capital ratios to exchange rate movements.



 

 






Signatures



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



Date:   August 6, 2010

  THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc (Registrant)


  By: /s/ Jan Cargill

  Name:
Title:
Jan Cargill
Deputy Secretary