As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 6, 2008
Registration No. 333-152825
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its declaration of trust)
MARYLAND (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
26-2730129 (I.R.S. Employer Identification) |
|||
30699 Russell Ranch Road Suite 200 Westlake Village, CA 91362 (800) 370-9431 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices) |
||||
James J. Pieczynski President and Chief Executive Officer CapitalSource Healthcare REIT 30699 Russell Ranch Road Suite 200 Westlake Village, CA 91362 (800) 370-9431 (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) |
Copies of communications to: |
||||
James E. Showen, Esq. Kevin L. Vold, Esq. Hogan & Hartson LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20004 (202) 637-5600 |
Steven A. Museles Chief Legal Officer CapitalSource Inc. 4445 Willard Avenue, 12th Floor Chevy Chase, MD 20815 (301) 841-2700 |
David J. Goldschmidt, Esq. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP 4 Times Square New York, NY 10036 (212) 735-3000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer ý (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may change. The selling shareholder may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities, nor is it a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or sale is not permitted.
PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 6, 2008 |
14,000,000 Shares
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT is a newly organized real estate investment trust, or REIT, formed principally to invest in healthcare-related real estate assets. We are managed and advised by a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource Inc. (NYSE: CSE), or CapitalSource. Upon completion of this offering and its contribution to us of our initial assets as described in this prospectus, CapitalSource will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares of beneficial interest, or common shares.
We intend to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Our common shares are subject to ownership limitations that are intended to assist us in qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a REIT. Our board of trustees intends to grant to CapitalSource and certain other persons deemed to own our common shares as a result of CapitalSource's ownership a limited exemption from the ownership limitation applicable to our common shares.
This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for our common shares. CapitalSource is offering all of the common shares to be sold in this offering. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common shares by CapitalSource. We anticipate that the initial public offering price of these common shares will be between $18.00 and $21.00 per share. After this offering, the market price for our common shares may be outside this range. We have applied to list our common shares on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CHR."
Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 16.
|
|||||||
|
Per Share |
Total |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offering price |
$ | $ | |||||
Discounts and commissions to underwriters |
$ | $ | |||||
Offering proceeds to CapitalSource, before expenses |
$ | $ | |||||
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
CapitalSource has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to 2,100,000 additional common shares on the same terms and conditions as set forth above if the underwriters sell more than 14,000,000 common shares in this offering. The underwriters can exercise this right at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, within 30 days after the offering. The underwriters expect to deliver the common shares to investors on or about , 2008.
Banc of America Securities LLC Citi Deutsche Bank Securities
KeyBanc Capital Markets |
BMO Capital Markets |
Cohen & Steers | JMP Securities | Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P. |
The date of this prospectus is , 2008.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We and CapitalSource have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. CapitalSource is not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front of this prospectus only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
Information contained in our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.
The trademarks and trade names "CapitalSource" and "CapitalSource Healthcare REIT" are the property of CapitalSource; other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY |
1 | |
RISK FACTORS |
16 | |
CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |
45 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS |
46 | |
DISTRIBUTION POLICY |
46 | |
CAPITALIZATION |
49 | |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
50 | |
SELECTED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA |
58 | |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
60 | |
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
82 | |
BUSINESS |
84 | |
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT |
110 | |
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH CAPITALSOURCE |
117 | |
MANAGEMENT |
120 | |
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERS |
133 | |
OTHER ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN CAPITALSOURCE AND US |
134 | |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST |
141 | |
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS |
150 | |
UNDERWRITING |
175 | |
LEGAL MATTERS |
181 | |
EXPERTS |
181 | |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |
181 | |
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-1 |
This prospectus includes market share, industry data and forecasts that we obtained from various U.S. government agencies, including the U.S. Census Bureau and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In this prospectus, we also refer to additional information regarding market data obtained from internal sources, market research, and publicly available information.
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common shares. You should read this entire prospectus, including the information set forth under "Risk Factors" and our historical combined financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common shares.
In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to "we," "our company," "our," and "us" refer to CapitalSource Healthcare REIT and its subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to "CapitalSource" are to CapitalSource Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including CapitalSource Finance LLC, the wholly owned subsidiary that will serve as our manager, and CSE Mortgage LLC, the wholly owned subsidiary that will sell all of the shares offered hereby. References to CapitalSource do not include us. All references in this prospectus to information about our assets, financial condition and results of operations are on a pro forma basis and reflect the contribution to us of all assets immediately prior to the closing of this offering, including those that may be transferred post-closing due to consent requirements. See "Other Arrangements Between CapitalSource and UsMaster Transaction AgreementThe Contribution."
OVERVIEW OF OUR COMPANY
We are a newly organized Maryland real estate investment trust, or REIT, investing in income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities, or SNFs, located in the United States. Upon consummation of this offering, we believe we will own one of the largest portfolios of SNFs in the United States. As of June 30, 2008, our portfolio of properties consisted of 186 facilities located in 23 states and operated by 41 third-party operator groups. Approximately 98% of these facilities are SNFs, with the remainder being either long-term acute care facilities or assisted living facilities, or ALFs. In addition to these properties, we will hold a $150 million interest in a $375 million, five-year mezzanine loan made by CapitalSource in 2007. In this prospectus, we refer to this loan as the Genesis mezzanine loan.
We are managed by CapitalSource Finance LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource Inc., a NYSE-listed, middle market commercial finance, investment and asset management company which will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares following this offering. CapitalSource has been a significant lender to middle market healthcare companies since its inception in 2000. CapitalSource commenced its healthcare net lease business in January 2006 and, through June 30, 2008, made approximately $1.1 billion of direct real estate investments, all of which will be contributed to us. We believe that CapitalSource's expertise, knowledge and relationships will enable us to originate, manage and enhance our healthcare-related investments. In addition, we believe that, along with our sale leaseback product, CapitalSource's commercial lending business allows us to offer a broader array of healthcare financing solutions to facility operators than other healthcare REITs. As a result, we expect to see a wider range of quality investment opportunities.
We expect to continue to invest primarily in SNFs. These properties fill an important and growing need in the healthcare industry by offering restorative, rehabilitative and custodial nursing care to seniors and other people not requiring the more extensive treatment available at hospitals. SNFs provide services to residents beyond room and board, including occupational, physical, speech, respiratory and intravenous therapy, wound care, and orthopedic therapy as well as sales of pharmaceutical products and other services, which are generally not available in other forms of senior housing, such as ALFs or independent living facilities, or ILFs. We believe that SNFs represent a highly attractive investment opportunity due to the aging of the United States population, the declining number of nursing homes, barriers to entry for new SNF construction and CapitalSource's in-depth knowledge of the healthcare reimbursement system.
1
We generate most of our revenues from our ownership of healthcare facilities through long-term triple-net leases with qualified operators. Under a typical triple-net lease, an operator agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment, subject to annual escalations, and all facility operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, as well as make capital improvements. We also generate interest and fee income from our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. For the year ended December 31, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008, on a pro forma basis, we generated total revenues of $106.0 million and $63.6 million, net income of $29.1 million and $27.2 million and funds from operations, or FFO, of $60.9 million and $45.1 million, respectively. We use the NAREIT definition of FFO. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means net income, computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, exclusive of gains (or losses) from sales of real estate, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. FFO is not a financial measure recognized under GAAP and therefore, should not be considered a measure of liquidity, an alternative to net income or an indicator of any other performance measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Like many other REITs, we use FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance, as historical cost accounting for real estate assets assumes that the value of these assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we believe that FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income to facilitate a clear understanding of our combined historical results. For more information with respect to FFO and a reconciliation of FFO to GAAP net income, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
OUR MANAGER
We have a long-term management agreement with a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource. CapitalSource provides senior and subordinate commercial loans, invests in real estate and residential mortgage assets, and engages in asset management and servicing activities. CapitalSource has approximately 94 professionals dedicated to the healthcare industry, including 14 employees focused on healthcare real estate investment origination and 18 portfolio management employees, whose primary focus is healthcare real estate. In addition, our relationship with CapitalSource offers us access to CapitalSource's proprietary asset management database, its unique systems and its disciplined processes for underwriting and monitoring our operators' asset performance. Our officers, who are employees of CapitalSource, have extensive experience investing in healthcare-related assets at CapitalSource and with other healthcare finance companies. Although our officers will not be dedicating all of their time to us, we believe the equity incentives we will grant to them in connection with this offering will ensure that their interests are aligned with those of our shareholders.
Under our management agreement, our manager is responsible for administering our business activities and day-to-day operations, including sourcing originations, providing underwriting services and processing approvals for all real estate investments. Our manager also provides administrative, servicing and portfolio management functions with respect to our business and assets. Our manager's well-established operations and services benefit us in each of these areas.
In exchange for these services, we have agreed to pay our manager a management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets for that month. For these purposes, our gross invested assets constitute the sum of our net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus our net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which our balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our manager will use the proceeds from this fee in part to pay compensation to its employees providing services to us who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, will receive no cash compensation directly from us.
2
Pursuant to the management agreement, we will pay all our operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by our manager or its affiliates, including our manager's and its affiliates' insurance costs, overhead expenses, information technology costs and the expenses incurred in connection with this offering and our formation. Our manager is also responsible for the employment expenses (including, without limitation, salary, benefits, employment taxes, other wages, bonus and equity incentive plans of it and its affiliates) of its and its affiliates' employees, including our officers and any trustees who are also employees of our manager and its affiliates, but excluding equity incentive compensation provided by us.
On a pro forma basis, we would have paid CapitalSource management fees of approximately $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and approximately $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
We have established a policy designed to minimize potential conflicts of interests with CapitalSource and to allocate investment opportunities between us. Under this policy, we will have the first right to invest in all types of healthcare-related real property that are originated by or presented to CapitalSource through direct acquisitions of healthcare-related real property or equity investments in entities owning healthcare-related real property, and CapitalSource will have the first right to provide mortgage and other debt financing to healthcare-related companies through its commercial finance business. In addition, if CapitalSource elects to syndicate a portion of any healthcare-related real property loan, then CapitalSource has agreed to give us the first right to purchase all or part of the syndicated portion of such loan. Our conflicts of interest policy also provides that all pari passu co-investments we make with CapitalSource must be on terms at least as favorable to us as to CapitalSource. All of our investments, regardless of whether originated or sourced by CapitalSource, will require approval of our independent trustees pursuant to our management agreement. For more information on these matters, see "Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with CapitalSource."
OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS
We believe several characteristics distinguish us from our competitors, including:
3
As
of June 30, 2008, our average asset acquisition cost per bed was $47,102. Since January 2006, when we acquired our first healthcare net lease assets, through June 30, 2008, we have
collected over 99% of the rents billed.
4
connection
with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, which we believe will provide us with significant capacity to fund future investments.
OUR ASSETS
Our Portfolio of Properties
As of June 30, 2008, our healthcare net lease portfolio consisted of 186 facilities with 22,179 beds in 23 states leased to 41 third-party operator groups. These facilities, which are principally SNFs, are subject to long-term, triple-net leases. We may lease an individual property to a single operator as part of an individual lease or we may lease multiple properties to a single operator as part of a master lease. We may also enter into multiple leases with a single operator. In addition, certain of our individual operators may be different subsidiaries of a common parent company or may have received guarantees from a common guarantor. As such, for determining concentrations of risk, we aggregate properties into operator groups based upon (1) related acquired properties under leases that share the same operator or guarantor or (2) a single entity that may be held liable for the rental payments on two or more properties as either operator or guarantor (through cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions). As of June 30, 2008, 156 of our 186 properties were subject to master leases or were cross-defaulted, providing additional credit support for the performance of those properties.
The following tables summarize information about these properties as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2008:
Operator Diversification
Operator Group
|
Facilities | Beds | Percentage of Contractual Rental Income |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delta Health Group |
17 | 2,186 | 13.3 | % | ||||||
Florida Institute for Long Term Care, LLC |
18 | 2,439 | 12.4 | % | ||||||
New Bell Facilities Services, L.P. |
36 | 4,216 | 11.1 | % | ||||||
TenInOne Acquisition Group, LLC |
10 | 1,574 | 7.7 | % | ||||||
Signature Holdings II, LLC |
10 | 937 | 6.0 | % | ||||||
Other (36 operator groups) |
95 | 10,827 | 49.5 | % | ||||||
Total |
186 | 22,179 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
5
Geographic Diversification
State
|
Facilities | Beds | Percentage of Contractual Rental Income |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida |
59 | 7,302 | 37.1 | % | ||||||
Texas |
46 | 5,517 | 16.2 | % | ||||||
Tennessee |
10 | 1,589 | 9.7 | % | ||||||
Indiana |
14 | 1,392 | 6.4 | % | ||||||
Mississippi |
6 | 634 | 3.9 | % | ||||||
Other (18 states) |
51 | 5,745 | 26.7 | % | ||||||
Total |
186 | 22,179 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Our Loan Asset
Our loan asset is a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan, a $375 million, five-year mezzanine loan made to FC-Gen Acquisition, Inc., a subsidiary of the entity that acquired the assets formerly owned by Genesis. The Genesis mezzanine loan matures in July 2012 and bears interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 7.5%. Interest on the loan is payable monthly in arrears. There is also a $3.75 million termination fee due at the time of repayment of the loan, of which we are entitled to $1.5 million. There is also an additional termination fee that accrues monthly at the rate of 1% per annum on the outstanding principal balance of the loan and is payable at the time of the repayment of the loan. As of June 30, 2008, Genesis operated 137 owned properties (16,633 beds), 43 leased properties (5,261 beds), and 28 joint venture or managed facilities (3,830 beds). Of these facilities, 184 are SNFs and 24 are ALFs. In addition, as of June 30, 2008, Genesis operated an ancillary division that provides rehabilitation therapy services to providers. CapitalSource will continue to hold a $175 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan and also holds a $47.8 million interest in the $1.3 billion first mortgage loan made to the property owning entities of the Genesis facilities and their ultimate parent. The remaining $50 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan is held by an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., one of the underwriters in this offering.
Recent Developments
In September 2008, CapitalSource entered into a letter of intent with one of our operators to sell all four of our facilities in Nevada and one of our facilities in Kansas for aggregate proceeds of $26 million. These assets will be contributed subject to the terms of this proposed sale transaction, and we will retain the proceeds from the sale, which we intend to use for general corporate purposes. The proposed transaction remains subject to completion of due diligence and other customary closing conditions. If this transaction is consummated, our portfolio of properties will be reduced to 181 facilities with 21,685 beds.
We have obtained $290 million of commitments from affiliates of certain of the underwriters of this offering in connection with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, which we expect to be in place upon consummation of this offering. We are in the process of soliciting additional commitments. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this facility on terms that are consistent with those described in this prospectus. For a description of these terms, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesRevolving Credit Facility."
OUR INDUSTRY AND MARKET OPPORTUNITY
Healthcare is one of the largest industries in the United States and has strong growth characteristics. According to the 2007 National Health Expenditures forecast published by the Centers
6
for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, healthcare spending in the United States is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of approximately 6.7% through 2017. As a percentage of gross domestic product, or GDP, healthcare spending is projected to increase by over 3% to 19.5% of GDP in 2017 with an expected spending level of over $4.3 trillion. CMS projects that national nursing home expenditures will grow from $124.9 billion in 2006 to $217.5 billion in 2017, representing a 5.2% CAGR.
A primary reason for the rapid expected growth in healthcare spending and a primary growth driver for long-term care facilities is the aging of the U.S. population and increasing life expectancies. According to a 2008 report by the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, in 2006, there were approximately 37 million people aged 65 or older, comprising just over 12% of the total U.S. population. The number of Americans aged 65 or older is expected to climb from approximately 37 million in 2006 to approximately 49 million in 2017, representing a CAGR of 2.5%, compared to a total U.S. population which is expected to grow at a CAGR of 0.5% over the same period. In 2030, the population of this age category is expected to be twice as large as in 2006, growing from 37 million to 71.5 million and representing nearly 20% of the total U.S. population. In addition, CMS projects that the number of Americans aged 85 or older is expected to increase 15% by 2010 and 38% by 2020. We believe these statistics validate our investment thesis, as there is a direct correlation between increased usage of SNFs and increases in age. In 2005, there were 30 SNF stays per 1,000 Medicare enrollees aged 65-74, compared with 228 stays per 1,000 Medicare enrollees age 85 and over. Overall, for Medicare enrollees aged 65 and over, SNF stays increased significantly from 28 per 1,000 Medicare enrollees in 1992 to 79 per 1,000 Medicare enrollees in 2005.
In addition to positive demographic trends, the demand for services provided by operators of SNFs is expected to increase substantially during the next decade primarily due to the impact of cost containment measures by government and private-pay sources. We expect payors to continue to transfer higher acuity patients from hospitals to less expensive care settings, such as SNFs.
According to CMS, in 2007 there were approximately 15,800 nursing homes with approximately 1.7 million beds. We believe that the demand for these properties will continue to increase over time as a result of the aging population and limited new construction, coupled with a slight reduction in the number of nursing homes over the past several years. In addition to the typical zoning concerns and construction costs that generally limit all new construction projects, there are two other reasons why we expect new SNF construction to be limited. First, in many states it is a condition precedent to construction and operation of a new SNF that the operator obtain a certificate of need, or CON, from appropriate state regulators. Typically, state regulators grant CONs only if there is a clearly demonstrated need for additional facilities, which generally requires the operator/applicant to show that all other facilities in the targeted area are operating at or above 95% occupancy levels. This regulatory hurdle creates a considerable barrier to entry for new facility construction. Second, although private pay options and Medicare reimbursement represent the high margin portion of the nursing home industry, CMS notes that approximately 65% of the occupants of SNFs receive Medicaid benefits. As a result, facility operators must obtain and maintain long-term Medicaid contracts to provide them with suitable assurances that they will be able to operate with stable revenue streams. Medicaid contracts must be entered into with state agencies that are the payors of Medicaid reimbursement. These agencies operate within budgets and typically approve new reimbursement contracts only if there is a clearly demonstrated need. Again, this barrier to entry puts owners of existing facilities at a competitive advantage as compared to prospective new entrants into the SNF market.
7
OUR STRATEGY
Our strategy is to capitalize on CapitalSource's platform to identify, evaluate and invest in properties that will provide us with strong, stable cash flow and capital appreciation. We expect to expand and further diversify our portfolio over time as follows:
Utilize the CapitalSource Platform to Source New Investments
As a provider of financing alternatives to SNF operators and other middle market healthcare companies, CapitalSource has developed a platform to source potential healthcare real estate investments. CapitalSource has many significant relationships within the healthcare real estate industry and a team of dedicated employees who are responsible for identifying, evaluating, acquiring and monitoring new healthcare investments. We believe that CapitalSource's broad network of industry relationships and extensive resources will provide us with access to a strong pipeline of future acquisition opportunities.
Capitalize on Current Attractive Industry Conditions
We believe that our industry is characterized by several attractive attributes that increase the number and the quality of investment
opportunities available to us, including:
Identify Attractive Investment Opportunities with New and Existing Operators
We intend to focus our business and investment efforts on locating established, creditworthy, small owners and regional chains with operators that meet our standards for high quality and managerial experience. Our past, current and prospective clients and the clients of CapitalSource provide us with the foundation for an attractive investment strategy. We intend to pursue acquisitions that diversify our portfolio geographically and increase the number of our operators. We believe CapitalSource's underwriting experience allows it to accurately assess the quality of the operators with which we do business. CapitalSource has developed systems and personnel to evaluate potential investments to ensure we continue to invest in quality and profitable assets. Prior to making an investment, CapitalSource considers the facility's historical and forecasted cash flow and its ability to meet operational needs, including capital expenditures. In addition, CapitalSource considers qualitative factors, such as the quality and experience of management, the creditworthiness of the operator of the facility, the physical condition and geographic location of the facility, the reimbursement environment,
8
the occupancy and demand for similar healthcare facilities in the same or nearby communities, the payor mix and the overall general economic environment.
Opportunistically Expand into Additional Asset Classes
Pursuant to the terms of our management agreement, we will have the first right to make all direct acquisitions of real property or equity investments in entities owning healthcare-related real property originated by or presented to CapitalSource. We may expand our portfolio of properties opportunistically to include other types of healthcare properties, such as ILFs and ALFs or add additional loans to qualified operators. We may also expand our investment strategy to include other net leased assets that we believe would benefit from CapitalSource's underwriting and servicing expertise.
OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, CapitalSource will contribute all of its healthcare net lease assets and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan to us in exchange for 41,845,308 common shares. CapitalSource will sell all of the shares to be sold in this offering. After this offering, we will have 42,105,000 shares outstanding. Approximately 1% of our outstanding shares will be held by our officers, trustees, and certain other employees of CapitalSource, as more fully described under "Management." The following chart shows the structure of our organization following completion of this offering:
9
SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in the section "Risk
Factors" beginning on page 16 prior to deciding whether to invest in our common shares. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
OUR TAX STATUS
We intend to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2008. We generally will not be subject to federal taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we distribute our taxable income to shareholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT. As a REIT, we are permitted to own up to 100% of a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. We intend to form a TRS to hold a $100 million portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. To the extent
10
that a TRS is formed and generates income, it would pay federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income.
To maintain REIT status, we must meet, on a continuing basis, a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income or property. See "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations."
DISTRIBUTION POLICY
We intend to distribute to our shareholders each year all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income. By making these distributions, we will not be required to pay corporate income tax or excise tax on our REIT income as we will be able to qualify for the tax benefits afforded to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code. While we expect to make distributions quarterly, the actual amount, timing and frequency of distributions will be determined by our board of trustees based upon those factors they deem relevant. See "Distribution Policy."
OWNERSHIP RESTRICTIONS
To assist us in complying with the limitations on the concentration of ownership of a REIT imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, our declaration of trust will generally prohibit any shareholder from directly or indirectly owning (or being deemed to own by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code) more than 5.0% or 9.9% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our common shares or preferred shares, respectively. In addition, our declaration of trust will generally prohibit direct or indirect ownership (or deemed ownership by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code) of our shares by any person that would cause us to own, actually or constructively (taking into account certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code), a 10% or greater interest in any of our operators. Our board of trustees intends to grant to CapitalSource and certain other persons deemed to own our common shares as a result of CapitalSource's ownership a limited exemption from the ownership limitation applicable to our common shares. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial InterestRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
CORPORATE INFORMATION
We were organized in the State of Maryland on May 30, 2008. Our principal executive offices are located at 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362 and our telephone number is (800) 370-9431. Our website address is www.cshealthcarereit.com. Information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus.
CapitalSource's principal executive offices are located at CapitalSource Inc., 4445 Willard Avenue, 12th Floor, Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Information contained on CapitalSource's website is not part of this prospectus.
11
The Offering
Common shares offered by CapitalSource |
14,000,000 shares | |
Common shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering |
42,105,000 shares | |
Use of Proceeds |
We will not receive any proceeds from the common shares being offered for sale by CapitalSource. | |
Listing |
We have applied to list our common shares on the NYSE under the symbol "CHR." |
The number of common shares outstanding after this offering includes 259,692 shares that we will grant to our trustees and officers and other employees of CapitalSource, and excludes 1,440,308 common shares available for future grant under our equity incentive plan. Unless otherwise stated, all information in this prospectus assumes that the grants to our trustees are made in the form of restricted common shares and not restricted share units, or RSUs, and that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional common shares.
12
SUMMARY FINANCIAL AND PRO FORMA INFORMATION
We are newly organized and will not acquire our assets until completion of this offering. The financial statements included in this prospectus reflect the operations of the healthcare net lease segment of CapitalSource and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan as if the CapitalSource healthcare net lease segment and $150 million loan asset had been operated together in a single business as a separate, stand-alone company throughout all relevant periods. We refer to these operations as those of the "Carve-out Entity" in this prospectus. To facilitate an analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, we also present financial information in this prospectus on a pro forma basis.
The following summary historical combined financial, pro forma and other data should be read in connection with "Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements," "Selected Combined Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical combined financial statements and related notes thereto of the Carve-out Entity included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The summary historical combined financial data as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from the Carve-out Entity's audited combined financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The summary historical combined financial data as of June 30, 2008 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 have been derived from the Carve-out Entity's unaudited historical combined financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future and results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.
The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007 have been prepared as though the contribution to us of our initial assets and the related transactions, had occurred as of January 1, 2007. We have not made any pro forma adjustments to reflect a full period of operations for those initial assets that we acquired during 2007 or the six months ended June 30, 2008. The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2008 has been prepared as though the contribution to us of our initial assets and the related transactions, had occurred on June 30, 2008.
Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, CapitalSource will contribute all of its healthcare net lease assets and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan to us in exchange for common shares. SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 48 ("SAB 48") specifically states that transfers of non-monetary assets to a company by its promoters or by shareholders in exchange for stock prior to or at the time of the company's initial public offering normally should be recorded by the company at the transferor's historical cost basis. We plan to follow SAB 48 and record the healthcare net lease assets and the $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan at CapitalSource's historical cost basis.
We intend to form a TRS to hold a $100 million portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. To the extent that a TRS is formed and generates income, it would pay federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income. Revenues generated by our TRS may be offset in part by interest expense it incurs on amounts borrowed from us.
The
pro forma adjustments include the following items:
13
Our unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations do not give effect to the initial expenses directly attributable to this offering because these non-recurring charges will be incurred by CapitalSource.
|
Year Ended December 31, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Pro Forma |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
Pro Forma |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Operating Information |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 30,380 | $ | 95,191 | $ | 95,191 | $ | 41,454 | $ | 54,150 | $ | 54,150 | ||||||||
Interest and fee income |
194 | 10,805 | 10,805 | 333 | 9,418 | 9,418 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
30,574 | 105,996 | 105,996 | 41,787 | 63,568 | 63,568 | ||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
13,373 | 46,262 | 25,793 | 20,806 | 20,921 | 10,304 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
11,464 | 31,955 | 31,955 | 14,127 | 17,959 | 17,959 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
3,809 | 10,460 | 11,762 | 5,017 | 5,046 | 5,685 | ||||||||||||||
Loss on impairment of assets |
| 1,225 | 1,225 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment |
2,497 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
31,143 | 89,902 | 70,735 | 39,950 | 43,926 | 33,948 | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
(569 | ) | 16,094 | 35,261 | 1,837 | 19,642 | 29,620 | |||||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
| 156 | 156 | | 105 | 105 | ||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(4,711 | ) | (4,951 | ) | (4,951 | ) | (2,553 | ) | (1,545 | ) | (1,545 | ) | ||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
(5,280 | ) | 11,299 | 30,466 | (716 | ) | 18,202 | 28,180 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
| | 1,333 | | | 980 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5,280 | ) | $ | 11,299 | $ | 29,133 | $ | (716 | ) | $ | 18,202 | $ | 27,200 | ||||||
|
As of June 30, 2008 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Pro Forma | |||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||
Balance Sheet Information |
|||||||
Real estate investments, net |
$ | 1,007,699 | $ | 1,007,699 | |||
Loan, net |
151,875 | 151,875 | |||||
Total debt |
600,731 | 352,988 | |||||
Total equity |
543,060 | 790,803 | |||||
Total liabilities and equity |
1,235,500 | 1,235,500 |
14
|
Year Ended December 31, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
Pro Forma |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash Flows |
|||||||||||||||||||
Provided by (used in) operating activities |
$ | (10,139 | ) | $ | (103,484 | ) | $ | 15,355 | $ | 28,038 | |||||||||
Used in investing activities |
(513,664 | ) | (266,300 | ) | (253,268 | ) | 1,720 | ||||||||||||
Provided by (used in) financing activities |
530,311 | 379,364 | 244,607 | (35,983 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other Information |
|||||||||||||||||||
FFO |
$ | 6,184 | $ | 43,098 | $ | 60,932 | $ | 13,411 | $ | 36,056 | $ | 45,054 |
Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. To overcome these problems, we consider FFO an appropriate performance measure for a public REIT. We use the NAREIT definition of FFO. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, exclusive of gains (or losses) from sales of real estate, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
We believe that FFO, viewed as a supplemental measure to (and not as a replacement of) the GAAP measures contained in the Statements of Operations and Statement of Cash Flows, provides additional information about our operating performance by eliminating certain GAAP components of net income. FFO as presented herein is not necessarily comparable to FFO presented by other real estate companies due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definition. Although we use the NAREIT definition, FFO as we report it may not, however, be directly comparable to FFO as reported by other healthcare REITs, including those that use the NAREIT definition, because we record a high amount of straight-line rent and no adjustment has been made in our calculation of FFO to eliminate the impact of straight-line rent. However, management believes that FFO is similar to performance measures presented by other REITs, and provides a useful measure of comparison of our performance relative to other REITs.
FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indicator of our financial performance, nor is FFO necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs, including distributions. FFO is not a financial measure recognized under GAAP and is unaudited for all periods presented. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our combined historical operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income as presented in the combined financial statements and data included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following table is a reconciliation of our net income (loss) to FFO:
|
Year Ended December 31, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
Pro Forma |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5,280 | ) | $ | 11,299 | $ | 29,133 | $ | (716 | ) | $ | 18,202 | $ | 27,200 | |||||
Adjustments: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation on real estate assets |
11,464 | 31,955 | 31,955 | 14,127 | 17,959 | 17,959 | |||||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
| (156 | ) | (156 | ) | | (105 | ) | (105 | ) | |||||||||
FFO |
$ | 6,184 | $ | 43,098 | $ | 60,932 | $ | 13,411 | $ | 36,056 | $ | 45,054 | |||||||
15
An investment in our common shares involves significant risk. You should carefully consider the material risks described below before making an investment decision. These risks are not the only ones that we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the price of our common shares could decline significantly and you could lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH CAPITALSOURCE
We are highly dependent upon CapitalSource in the performance of its obligations under our management agreement, and we may not find a suitable replacement or be able to operate successfully as a stand-alone entity if CapitalSource is unable to perform or if our management agreement expires without being renewed or is terminated.
We do not, and do not expect to, have any employees. Our officers and all of the professionals at CapitalSource that are dedicated to the healthcare industry are employees of CapitalSource and are providing services to us under the management agreement. We do not have any separate facilities and rely completely on CapitalSource, which has significant discretion in implementing our operating policies and strategies. We depend on CapitalSource's diligence, skill and network of business contacts. CapitalSource will source, evaluate, negotiate, structure, close, service and monitor our investments. CapitalSource is currently, and from time to time may be, subject to various risks which could negatively impact or impair its business, operations or financial condition, including, without limitation, risks resulting from CapitalSource's recent formation and organization and future integration and operation of CapitalSource Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource that is subject to regulation by the California Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Events or factors having a negative impact on CapitalSource's business or financial condition, or the industries in which it operates, may negatively impact CapitalSource's ability to provide us with essential services, which could harm our operations and performance.
We are also subject to the risk that our manager will not renew the management agreement and that no suitable replacement will be found. Upon the expiration of the initial three-year term of the management agreement, or upon the expiration of any automatic one-year renewal term, CapitalSource may elect not to renew the management agreement without cause and without penalty, on 180 days' prior written notice to us. We can offer no assurance that CapitalSource will remain our manager, that we will be able to find an adequate replacement for it should our manager elect not to renew the management agreement, or that we will continue to have access to CapitalSource's principals and professionals and their information or deal flow. We are highly dependent upon CapitalSource for our success, and we may not be able to operate successfully as a stand-alone entity.
Termination of our management agreement may be costly, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We may not terminate the management agreement without cause during the initial three-year term or any renewal term without incurring a termination fee. If we elect to not renew the agreement upon expiration of the initial three-year term or any renewal term or choose to terminate it without cause during its term, we will be required to pay a termination fee, within 90 days of termination, equal to the base management fee earned by our manager for the twelve-month period preceding termination, multiplied by two, unless, at the time of non-renewal or termination, CapitalSource owns less than 15% of our common shares, in which case the termination fee would be equal to the base management fee earned by our manager for the twelve-month period preceding termination, but would not be multiplied
16
by two. In addition, if a change in control of our company occurs, the management agreement will terminate automatically and our manager will be entitled to receive a termination fee within 90 days of termination, equal to the base management fee earned by our manager for the twelve-month period preceding termination, multiplied by three. Furthermore, if a change of control of our company occurs within one year after the management agreement has expired or been terminated, other than following a non-renewal by our manager or a termination by us for cause, we will be required to pay our manager an amount equal to the difference between any termination fee paid previously and the amount described in the preceding sentence. The termination fee will be calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, we must pay our manager all compensation accruing to the date of the termination and reimburse our manager for any expenses incurred in connection with post-termination transition services. These provisions increase the cost of terminating the management agreement and may limit our ability to terminate the management agreement even if we believe CapitalSource's performance is not satisfactory.
The proposed terms of our senior secured revolving credit facility may make termination of the management agreement more costly or difficult, as these terms require us to obtain the requisite consent of our lenders as a condition to termination or nonrenewal. In addition, we may not extend the term of the credit facility in accordance with its proposed terms if the management agreement has been terminated or notice of nonrenewal has been provided, unless our lenders consent. Furthermore, we may not materially amend or modify the management agreement without the consent of our lenders. Taken together, these provisions may have the effect of reducing the likelihood that we terminate or elect not to renew the management agreement, even if we are not satisfied with the performance of our manager.
We do not have the ability to choose the personnel performing the obligations of our manager, and the management agreement does not limit the additional business activities in which CapitalSource, its affiliates or its personnel may engage, which could reduce the amount of time they dedicate to us.
The management agreement does not require CapitalSource to dedicate specific personnel to fulfilling its obligations to us or require personnel to dedicate a specific amount of time to our affairs. CapitalSource is free, at any time and without consulting us, to change the composition, responsibilities and tenure of its personnel, including those persons who are performing the functions of our key officers. We can offer no assurance that CapitalSource will not remove or significantly change the responsibilities of key personnel at any time or, if it does so, that CapitalSource will appoint or provide a suitable replacement. If CapitalSource elects to change the composition of the key personnel providing services under the management agreement (or such persons are no longer available or employed by CapitalSource), we are not entitled to terminate the management agreement, and any such change may have a material and adverse effect on our performance. In addition, the departure of a significant number of CapitalSource's professionals would have a material adverse effect on our performance. The ability of CapitalSource and its affiliates and employees to engage in other business activities could reduce the time and effort spent on the management of us.
Additionally, the management agreement contains non-solicitation provisions that prohibit us from hiring certain employees of CapitalSource, except under very limited circumstances. Furthermore, Messrs. Delaney, Pieczynski and Gilleland are restricted by their respective employment agreements with CapitalSource and/or its affiliates from joining any entity that competes with CapitalSource, including us. These restrictions significantly reduce the number of qualified executive candidates that may comprise our management team if we were to elect to internalize our management functions.
17
The management agreement does not require CapitalSource to utilize any particular resources available to it and any failure by CapitalSource to utilize its resources for our benefit could have a negative impact on our performance.
CapitalSource has proprietary information systems and access to the skills of professionals with experience and expertise that it intends to apply in its approach to real estate origination and the underwriting approval process. See "BusinessOrigination, Underwriting and Servicing." We can provide no assurance, however, that our manager will use these or any other particular resources available to it in its management of us, and the management agreement does not require that our manager utilize any of these resources in fulfilling its obligations to us. Furthermore, the failure of our manager to use any particular resources does not give us the right to terminate the management agreement. Any failure by our manager to utilize these resources could have a negative impact on our performance.
Conflicts of interest may arise by virtue of some of our officers and trustees holding key positions with CapitalSource and advising CapitalSource on its own investment opportunities, while at the same time providing essential services to us.
All of our officers, as well as Mr. Delaney, our chairman, hold, and likely will continue to hold, key positions with CapitalSource and have responsibilities to advise CapitalSource in connection with its investment opportunities. In addition, these persons are, and likely will continue to be, the beneficiaries of separate compensation and incentive plans from CapitalSource in addition to any compensation or incentives received from us, which may incentivize them to devote more of their time and efforts to CapitalSource and its business. The CapitalSource stock holdings of Mr. Delaney and our officers provide further incentives to them to focus their attention on CapitalSource and its business. Furthermore, the mortgage financing provided by CapitalSource is a competitive product to the long-term, triple-net leases that we structure with our operators. As a result, some of these people may have duties or otherwise have incentives to perform services for CapitalSource that are not in our best interest, thereby presenting conflicts of interest.
CapitalSource is a lender to some of our operators and may service these loans in a manner that favors their interests as a lender as opposed to our interests as a landlord.
Through its healthcare and specialty finance segment, CapitalSource regularly makes secured loans to operators of healthcare facilities, including certain operators of our facilities, who often turn to CapitalSource for revolving loans collateralized by their Medicare and Medicaid receivables and other assets. As of June 30, 2008, CapitalSource had outstanding 25 revolving lines of credit to 18 of our operators, which loans had an aggregate principal balance of $422.8 million. In servicing each of these loans, CapitalSource frequently must assess the ability of our operators to repay principal and interest when due. Situations may arise where, in the course of its servicing activities, CapitalSource must decide whether to extend further credit to an operator, grant the operator a waiver from the terms of its loan documents or exercise remedies available to them. CapitalSource's interest as lender to some of our operators may result in its interests not being aligned to ours, as landlord to those operators. As a result, the decisions CapitalSource makes in this regard could have adverse consequences on our operators' ability to pay rent and otherwise comply with the terms of their leases with us. CapitalSource may act in its own interests, as opposed to ours, in these situations.
In addition, in connection with some of these revolving lines of credit, we and CapitalSource are parties to an intercreditor agreement. The terms of these agreements generally afford CapitalSource, as lender, first priority over the assets of the operator of the facility and prescribe procedures by which CapitalSource, as lender, may exercise remedies against the operator, which may include entry onto our properties for the purpose of repossessing such assets. We and CapitalSource may enter into more of
18
these intercreditor agreements in the future. The terms of these agreements, therefore, may make it easier for CapitalSource to service its loans in a manner that is adverse to our interests.
The management agreement and the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets was not negotiated on an arm's-length basis. As a result, the terms may not be as favorable to us as if it was negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
The management agreement and the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets was negotiated between related parties. As a result, we did not have the benefit of arm's-length negotiations of the type normally conducted with an unaffiliated third party and the terms may not be as favorable to us as if we did engage in negotiations with an unaffiliated third party, including the terms of the contribution and the consideration paid in exchange for the initial assets under the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets. We have not obtained any independent third-party appraisals of the initial assets to be contributed to us, and our manager will determine the fair market value of the initial assets upon the closing of this offering. CapitalSource will contribute our initial assets to us immediately prior to the completion of this offering and, in exchange, we will issue to CapitalSource 41,845,308 common shares. As a result, the consideration that we will pay in exchange for the contribution of the assets upon the completion of this offering may exceed the fair market value of these assets.
In addition, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under the management agreement or the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with our manager and CapitalSource. Furthermore, under the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets, we will release, discharge and indemnify CapitalSource from substantially all liabilities relating to our assets and business (except certain income tax liabilities for tax periods (or portions of tax periods) ending on or before the closing of this offering) existing or arising on or before the contribution, including in connection with the contribution.
CapitalSource will source most of our investments, and we may also participate in investments in which CapitalSource is also participating, which could result in conflicts of interest.
CapitalSource will source most of our investments, and we may participate in real estate loan transactions in which CapitalSource is also participating. Our participation in transactions originated by, or in which we co-invest or participate with, CapitalSource will not be the result of arm's-length negotiations and may involve conflicts between our interests and the interests of CapitalSource in obtaining favorable terms and conditions. There is no assurance that our conflicts of interest policy that addresses some of the conflicts relating to our investments, which is described under "Conflicts of Interest In Our Relationship with CapitalSource," will be adequate to address all of the conflicts that may arise. In each case, some of the same officers will be determining the price and terms for the investments for both us and CapitalSource, and there can be no assurance that the procedural protections, such as obtaining market prices or other reliable indicators of fair market value, will be sufficient to ensure that the consideration we pay for these investments will not exceed the fair market value and that we would not have received more advantageous terms for an investment had we negotiated the purchase with an independent third-party. Additionally, CapitalSource may have administrative or management authority over such investments; for example, an affiliate of CapitalSource serves as the administrative agent for the Genesis mezzanine loan in which we hold a $150 million interest and CapitalSource holds a $175 million interest. We cannot provide any assurance that such investments will not be serviced in a manner that favors CapitalSource as opposed to us.
Further, CapitalSource will continue to offer mortgage financing to owners of SNFs and other healthcare facilities, and this mortgage financing might be viewed as a competitive product to the long-term, triple-net leases we structure with operators. Our conflicts of interest policy relating to these origination activities may not be adequate to address the conflicts that may arise.
19
Our manager will have broad discretion to invest our funds and may make investments that ultimately produce investment returns that are substantially below expectations or that result in losses.
Our manager is authorized to follow broad investment guidelines and has great latitude within those guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us. Our board of trustees will periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio and will review or approve each proposed investment but, in doing so will rely primarily on information provided to them by our manager in reviewing our investments and our assets. Furthermore, transactions, other than proposed investments, entered into by our manager on our behalf may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by our board of trustees. Our manager's investment discretion could result in investment returns that are substantially below expectations or that result in losses, which would materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The management fee is payable regardless of our performance, which might reduce our manager's incentive to devote time and effort to us, which in turn could harm our business and results of operations.
Our manager is entitled to receive from us an annual base management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets, which constitutes the sum of our net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus net loans, regardless of the performance of our portfolio. For example, we would pay our manager a management fee for a specific period even if we experienced a net loss during that period. Our manager's entitlement to non-performance-based compensation might reduce its incentive to devote time and effort to successfully managing our business and seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. This in turn could hurt our business and results of operations. Furthermore, the obligation to pay a monthly fee regardless of performance could reduce the amount of cash we have available for distributions to our shareholders, thereby decreasing the market price of our common shares.
Future sales or other dispositions by CapitalSource of our common shares could require us to repay prior to maturity or default on a significant portion of our outstanding mortgage indebtedness.
The agreements providing for approximately $276.6 million of our mortgage indebtedness as of June 30, 2008 require that CapitalSource retain, directly or indirectly, a 51% or greater interest in the borrowing entities. We are seeking lender consent to remove this restriction, and if we are successful, we will be required to pay the lenders a 1% consent fee, or approximately $2.77 million. Despite our efforts, we may not be successful in obtaining this consent. If lender consent cannot be obtained, to the extent future sales or other dispositions by CapitalSource of our common shares, and/or future issuances by us of common shares, were to result in CapitalSource reducing its ownership interest in our common shares below this threshold, we would be required either to repay this indebtedness prior to its scheduled maturity or default on our obligations. We have notified our lenders of our intention to extend the maturity date of this debt for one year; this extension is subject to certain conditions and, if not obtained, the debt will mature in April 2009. Our inability to extend, or the requirement that we make early repayment of this debt, could have adverse consequences on our liquidity position, requiring us to seek additional financing in the debt or equity markets, refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness, sell selected assets, reduce or delay planned capital expenditures, delay or abandon desirable acquisitions or reduce the amount of cash available for distribution. In addition, any such financing, refinancing or sale of assets might not be available on terms favorable to us.
20
Our business plan relies on the use of the CapitalSource name and other intellectual property as well as information and communications systems belonging to CapitalSource, the loss of which could limit our ability to market, operate and expand our business.
Our business plan relies on the use of the CapitalSource name and other intellectual property belonging to CapitalSource. We also will rely on CapitalSource to provide us with information and communications systems. Under the management agreement, CapitalSource will license these intellectual property rights to us on a non-exclusive basis, for no consideration beyond the management fee. Upon termination of the management agreement, we will lose rights to use the CapitalSource name and intellectual property and access to the information and communications systems. Because we believe that our relationship with CapitalSource and the ability to use its name and proprietary intellectual property afford us a competitive advantage, losing such rights and use of the information and communications systems could limit our ability to originate new investments and manage our existing properties and therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
We have no operating history. Our historical financial information may not be representative of the results we would have achieved as a separate stand-alone company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future performance or results.
We were organized in May 2008 and have no operating history, and CapitalSource acquired its first healthcare net lease assets in
January 2006. As a result, CapitalSource has held our initial assets for a limited time, which may not be a sufficient period to allow investors to evaluate the quality and performance of these
assets and the viability of our business and investment strategy. Moreover, the historical financial information included in this prospectus has been derived from CapitalSource's accounting records
and is limited to only two years of audited financial statements. CapitalSource did not separately account for our business, and we did not operate as a
separate, stand-alone company for any of the historical periods presented. Therefore, our historical financial information may not reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash
flows would have been had we been a separate, stand-alone public company prior to the completion of this offering or what our results will be in the future. This is primarily a result of the following
factors:
Our portfolio currently consists predominantly of SNFs; any significant cost increases, reductions in reimbursement rates or other regulatory changes could negatively affect our operators' businesses and their ability to meet their obligations to us.
Our initial assets are, and we expect a substantial majority of our future acquisitions to be, predominately comprised of SNFs. As a result of our focus on SNFs, any changes in governmental rules and regulations, particularly with respect to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, or any other
21
changes negatively affecting SNFs, could have an adverse impact on our operators' revenues, costs and results of operations, which may affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.
Our failure to achieve our investment objectives and to manage future growth in an effective and efficient manner may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on our ability to grow, which depends, in turn, on our manager and its ability
to identify assets for investment that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of our manager's investment process, its
ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and our access to financing on acceptable terms. Our ability to grow is also dependent upon our manager's ability to successfully
hire, train, supervise, manage and retain its employees. Additionally, our ability to invest in assets that meet our investment criteria on favorable terms and successfully integrate and operate them
may be constrained by the following factors:
Any failure to achieve our investment objectives or to manage our growth effectively could have a material negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to risks associated with debt financing, which could impair our results of operations and limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and prevent us from making new acquisitions.
On a pro forma basis, as of June 30, 2008, our initial assets were subject to approximately $333.0 million of outstanding
mortgage indebtedness and approximately $20.0 million of non-recourse junior subordinated debt. Financing for future investments and our maturing commitments may be provided by
borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, for which we have obtained commitments of $290 million, private or public offerings of debt, the assumption of secured
indebtedness, mortgage financings on a portion of our owned portfolio or through joint ventures. Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences to us and our shareholders. For example, it
could:
22
Our ability to make payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to service our debt, we may be required, among other things, to seek additional financing in the debt or equity markets, refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness, sell selected assets, reduce or delay planned capital expenditure or delay or abandon desirable acquisitions. Such measures might not enable us to service our debt and any failure to make required payments on our debt or abandonment of our planned growth strategy would result in an adverse effect on our liquidity, future ability to generate revenue and sustain profitability. In addition, any such financing, refinancing or sale of assets might not be available on economically favorable terms to us.
Further, our outstanding indebtedness contains restrictions and covenants that require us and, in one instance, CapitalSource, to maintain or satisfy specified net worth, financial ratios and coverage tests. With respect to approximately $276.6 million of our mortgage indebtedness as of June 30, 2008, we are subject to financial covenants requiring that the rents and net cash flow received from, or produced by, the encumbered properties exceed the debt service required on that debt by specified amounts over specified measurement periods. If we are not in compliance with these specified financial covenants and coverage tests, our lenders are permitted to retain any proceeds generated by the assets encumbered by this mortgage debt that would otherwise be available for distribution. In addition, we have agreed in this same mortgage financing that we will, and we will act to ensure that our operators also will, conduct their businesses in material compliance with all applicable legal requirements, including applicable healthcare laws and regulations. CapitalSource is the guarantor of certain of our obligations in this financing, and is required to maintain a net worth of at least $500 million. For so long as this financing remains outstanding, we have agreed with CapitalSource to maintain a net worth of $500 million and to limit our leverage to less than 60% of our total asset value, and we may not amend the terms of this financing without CapitalSource's consent.
In addition, we expect that the terms of our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility will require us to comply with additional financial and other covenants, including
covenants that:
The proposed terms of the credit facility also are expected to provide that termination of the management agreement will cause a default under the facility unless our lenders consent to alternative arrangements. Changes in control also may cause the amounts outstanding under the credit facility to become immediately due and payable.
These restrictions may interfere with our ability to obtain financing or to engage in other business activities, which may inhibit our ability to grow our business and increase revenues. If we or CapitalSource fail to comply with any of these requirements, then the related indebtedness, and any other debt containing cross-default or cross-acceleration rights for our respective lenders, could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we could pay all of our debt if it became due, or that we could continue in that instance to make distributions to our shareholders and maintain our REIT qualification.
Mortgage debt obligations expose us to increased risk of loss of property, which could harm our ability to generate future revenues and could have an adverse tax effect.
Our approximately $333.0 million of mortgage debt as of June 30, 2008 increases our risk of loss because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds, which could negatively impact our earnings. Further, our mortgage debt generally contains cross-default and cross-collateralization provisions and a default on one facility could affect our other facilities and financing arrangements.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
As of June 30, 2008, we had approximately $276.6 million in variable interest rate mortgage debt outstanding. We have purchased an interest rate cap in respect of this variable rate debt for the benefit
23
of our lenders. These and other interest rate swap arrangements we may enter into in the future involve risk, including the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes and that these arrangements may result in higher interest rates than we would otherwise have. Moreover, no hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect results of operations and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.
We may be limited in pursuing certain of our rights and remedies under our $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan and similar mezzanine loans that we may make in the future, which could increase our risk of loss on these loans.
Upon consummation of this offering, we expect to acquire and hold as one of our initial assets a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. Our interest in this loan comprised 12.3% of our total assets as of June 30, 2008. We may make, originate or participate in similar mezzanine loans in the future, subject to the limitations in our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility. Mezzanine loans often do not have the benefit of a lien against a borrower's collateral and are junior to any lien holder both as to collateral and payment. As a result of the subordinate nature of these types of loans, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our rights to collect principal and interest or to recover any of the loan balance through our right to foreclose on the collateral. For example, we typically would not be contractually entitled to receive payments of principal on a subordinated loan until the senior loan is paid in full, and may only receive interest payments if the borrower is not in default under its senior loan. In many instances, we may also be prohibited from foreclosing on a mezzanine loan until the senior loan is paid in full. Moreover, any amounts that we might realize as a result of our collection efforts or in connection with a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding under a mezzanine loan generally must be turned over to the senior lender until the senior lender has realized the full value of its own claims. In addition, if we acquire a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Genesis properties as a result of a foreclosure, we generally will have to engage an operator that qualifies as an independent contractor within the meaning of the REIT rules to operate those properties in order to maintain compliance with the REIT rules. These restrictions may materially and adversely affect our ability to recover any or all of the principal and the interest of any non-performing mezzanine loans that we hold.
Our failure to meet market expectations with respect to our business could depress the market price of our common shares and limit our ability to sell equity.
As with other publicly traded companies, the availability of equity capital to us will depend, in part, on the market price of our
common shares which, in turn, will depend upon various market conditions and other factors that may change from time to time including:
24
The market value of the equity securities of a REIT is generally based upon the market's perception of the REIT's growth potential and its current and potential future earnings and cash distributions. Our failure to meet the market's expectation with regard to future earnings and cash distributions would likely depress the market price of our common shares.
The average age of our facilities is 34 years and in certain circumstances, we may become responsible for capital improvements. To the extent such capital improvements are not undertaken, our ability to lease these facilities on favorable terms may be affected, which in turn could affect our business and financial conditions.
The average age of our facilities is 34 years. Although under our typical triple-net lease structure our operators generally are responsible for capital improvement expenditures, it is possible that an operator may not be able to fulfill its obligations to keep the facility in good operating condition. Further, we may be responsible for capital improvement expenditure on such facilities after the terms of the triple-net leases expire. To the extent capital improvements are not undertaken or are deferred, the value of a property may decline, we may not be able to attract or retain qualified operators or the rent we charge for these properties may decline.
Our assets may be subject to impairment charges that could be significant.
We periodically evaluate our real estate investments and other related assets for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions, operator performance and legal structure. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the asset, which could have a material adverse affect on our results of operations and FFO in the period in which the write-off occurs. As part of our impairment evaluation, on December 31, 2007, we recorded a charge of approximately $1.2 million.
Since real estate investments are illiquid, we may not be able to sell our properties, all of which are subject to various restrictions, when we desire which could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations as well as our ability to service our debt.
Real estate investments generally cannot be sold quickly. We may not be able to alter the composition of our portfolio promptly in
response to changes in the real estate market. This inability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments could adversely affect our ability to service our debt, our liquidity and
results of operations. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:
In addition, all of our properties are considered "special purpose" properties that cannot be readily converted to general residential, retail or office use. Healthcare facilities that participate in Medicare or Medicaid must meet extensive program requirements, including physical plant and operational requirements, which are revised from time to time. Such requirements may include a duty
25
to admit Medicare and Medicaid patients, limiting the ability of the facility to increase its private pay census beyond certain limits. Medicare and Medicaid facilities are regularly inspected to determine compliance and may be excluded from the programs, in some cases without a prior hearing, for failure to meet program requirements. Transfers of operations of SNFs and other healthcare-related facilities are subject to regulatory approvals not required for transfers of other types of commercial operations and other types of real estate. Thus, if the operation of any of our properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of improvements or other factors such that our operator becomes unable to meet its obligations on the lease, the liquidation value of the property may be substantially less than would be the case if the property were readily adaptable to other uses. The receipt of liquidation proceeds or the replacement of an operator that has defaulted on its lease could be delayed by the approval process of any federal, state or local agency necessary for the transfer of the property or the replacement of the operator with a new operator licensed to manage the facility. In addition, certain significant expenditures associated with real estate investment, such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment. Should such events occur, our income and cash flows from operations would be harmed.
Moreover, we cannot predict how long it may take us to find a willing and suitable purchaser for any property and to close the sale of such property. We also cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. In addition, REIT tax rules intended to prevent us from holding property primarily for sale in the ordinary course of our business (rather than for investment) may cause us to forego or defer sales of assets that otherwise would be in our best interest. State laws mandate certain procedures for lease terminations, and in certain states, we would face a time consuming lease termination process, during which time the property could be subject to waste. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
As an owner of real property, we may be exposed to environmental liabilities and to the extent any such liabilities are not adequately covered by insurance, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations would suffer.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner of real property may be liable in certain circumstances for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of, or related releases of, certain hazardous or toxic substances, such as asbestos or petroleum products, at, under or disposed of, in connection with such property, as well as certain other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances, including the cost of complying with environmental regulations, government fines for violations of those requirements and damages for injuries to persons and adjacent property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or disposal of such substances and liability may be imposed on the owner in connection with the activities of an operator of the property. The cost of any required investigation, remediation, removal, compliance, fines or personal or property damages and the owner's liability therefore could exceed the value of the property and/or the assets of the owner and therefore be substantial. Although most of our leases require our operators to indemnify us for certain environmental liabilities, the scope of such obligations may be limited. For instance, most of our leases do not require an operator to indemnify us for environmental liabilities arising from conditions that existed before the operator took possession of the premises. Further, we cannot assure you that any such operator would be able to fulfill its indemnification obligations to us. If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
26
Uninsured losses or losses in excess of our operators' insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial position and our cash flow.
Under the terms of our leases, our operators generally are required to maintain comprehensive general liability, fire, flood, earthquake, boiler and machinery, nursing home or long-term care professional liability and extended coverage insurance with respect to our properties with policy specifications, limits and deductibles set forth in the leases or other written agreements between us and the operator. However, our properties may be adversely affected by casualty losses which exceed insurance coverages and reserves. Should an uninsured loss occur, we could lose both our investment in, and anticipated profits and cash flows from, the property. Even if it were practicable to restore the damage caused by a major casualty, the operations of the affected property would likely be suspended for a considerable period of time. In the event of any substantial loss affecting a property, disputes over insurance claims could arise.
RISKS RELATED TO THE OPERATORS OF OUR FACILITIES
Our revenue and financial position could be weakened and our ability to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness could be limited if any of our operators were unable to meet their obligations to us or failed to renew or extend their relationship with us as their lease terms expire, or if we were unable to lease or re-lease our facilities. These adverse developments could arise due to a number of factors, including those listed below.
The value of our facilities depends in large part on the success of our operators in running their businesses and their failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to successfully and profitably operate our business.
The value of our facilities is tied to a large extent to the skills of the operators who operate them. We depend on our operators to operate the properties we own in a manner which generates revenues sufficient to allow them to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent, maintain certain insurance coverage, pay real estate taxes and maintain the properties in a manner so as not to jeopardize their operating licenses or regulatory status. The ability of our operators to fulfill their obligations under our leases may depend, in part, upon the overall profitability of their operations, including any other SNFs or other properties or businesses they may acquire or operate. Cash flow generated by certain properties may not be sufficient for an operator to meet its obligations to us. Our financial position could be weakened and our ability to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness could be limited if any of our major operators were unable to meet their obligations to us or failed to renew or extend their relationship with us as their lease terms expire, or if we were unable to lease or re-lease our properties on economically favorable terms.
Some of our current operators have, and prospective operators may have, an option to purchase the facilities we lease to them, which could disrupt our operations.
Some of our current operators have, and some prospective operators will have, the option to purchase, or rights of first offer or first refusal for, the facilities we lease to them. We cannot assure you that the formulas we have developed for setting the purchase price of these facilities will yield a fair market value purchase price. Any purchase not at fair market value could be challenged by healthcare regulatory authorities and, if at less than full value, may prevent us from realizing full value on the sale.
If our operators and prospective operators determine to purchase the facilities they lease either during the lease term or after their expiration, the timing of those purchases will be outside of our control and we may not be able to re-invest the capital on as favorable terms, or at all. Our inability to effectively manage the turn-over of our facilities could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and our results of operations.
27
Some of our operators account for a significant percentage of our contractual rental income.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, our contractual rental income was $49.8 million, of which approximately $6.6 million (13.3%) was from Delta Health Group, which operates 17 SNFs in Florida and Mississippi, $6.2 million (12.4%) was from Florida Institute of Long Term Care, which operates 17 SNFs and one ALF in Florida, and $5.6 million (11.1%) was from New Bell Facilities Services, L.P., which operates 35 SNFs in Texas and one in Pennsylvania. No other operator generated more than 8% of our contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
The failure or inability of any of these operators to meet their obligations to us could materially reduce our rental income and net income, which could in turn reduce the amount of dividends we pay and cause our share price to decline.
The geographic concentration of our investments could leave us vulnerable to an economic downturn, regulatory changes or acts of nature in those areas, resulting in a decrease in our revenues or otherwise negatively impacting our results of operations.
As of June 30, 2008, the states in which we had our highest concentration of investments, as measured by contractual rental income, were Florida (37%) and Texas (16%). As a result, the conditions of those states' economies and real estate markets, changes in governmental laws and regulations, particularly with respect to Medicaid, acts of nature, demographics and other factors that may result in a decrease in demand for long-term care services in these states could have an adverse effect on our operators' revenues, costs and results of operations, which may limit their ability to meet their obligations to us. In addition, since some of these investments are located in Florida and Texas, our operators are particularly susceptible to revenue loss, cost increase or damage caused by hurricanes or other severe weather conditions or natural disasters. Any significant loss due to a natural disaster may not be covered by insurance and may lead to an increase in the cost of insurance and expenses for our operators, or could limit the future availability of such insurance which could limit their ability to satisfy their obligations to us.
The bankruptcy, insolvency or financial deterioration of our operators could delay or prevent our ability to collect unpaid rents or require us to find new operators.
We receive most of our income as rent payments under leases of our properties. We have no control over the success or failure of our operators' businesses and, at any time, any of our operators may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its financial condition. As a result, our operators may fail to make rent payments when due or declare bankruptcy. Any failure to make rent payments when due or bankruptcy could result in the termination of an operator's lease and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.
If operators are unable to comply with the terms of the leases, we may be forced to modify the leases in ways that are unfavorable to us. Alternatively, the failure of an operator to perform under a lease could require us to declare a default, terminate the lease with respect to such operator and find a suitable replacement operator, or sell the property. There is no assurance that we would be able to lease a property on equal or better terms, if at all, or find another operator, successfully reposition the property for other uses or sell the property on favorable terms.
If any lease expires or is terminated, we could be responsible for all of the operating expenses for that property until it is re-leased or sold. If we experience a significant number of un-leased properties, our operating expenses could increase significantly. Any significant increase in our operating costs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.
28
Any bankruptcy filing by or relating to one of our operators could bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from that operator or seize its property. An operator bankruptcy could also delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the leases and could ultimately preclude collection of all or a portion of these sums. It is possible that we may recover substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims we hold, if any, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares. Furthermore, dealing with an operator's bankruptcy or other default may divert management's attention and cause us to incur substantial legal and other costs.
If one or more of our operators files for bankruptcy relief, the Bankruptcy Code provides that a debtor has the option to assume or reject the unexpired lease within a certain period of time. However, our leases with operators that lease more than one of our properties are generally made pursuant to a single master lease covering all of that operator's properties leased from us, or are cross-defaulted with other leases, and consequently, it is possible that in bankruptcy the debtor-operator may be required to assume or reject the master lease or cross-defaulted leases as a whole, rather than making the decision on a property-by-property basis, thereby preventing the debtor-operator from assuming the better performing properties and terminating the master lease or cross-defaulted leases with respect to the poorer performing properties. The Bankruptcy Code generally requires that a debtor must assume or reject a contract in its entirety. Thus, a debtor cannot choose to keep the beneficial provisions of a contract while rejecting the burdensome ones; the contract must be assumed or rejected as a whole. However, where under applicable law a contract (even though it is contained in a single document) is determined to be divisible or severable into different agreements, or similarly, where a collection of documents is determined to constitute separate agreements instead of a single, integrated contract, then in those circumstances a debtor/trustee may be allowed to assume some of the divisible or separate agreements while rejecting the others.
Our operators are faced with increased litigation, rising insurance costs and enhanced government scrutiny that may affect their ability to make payments to us.
As is typical in the healthcare industry, our operators are often subject to claims that their services have resulted in resident injury or other adverse effects. We are often subject to the same or similar claims. The insurance coverage maintained by our operators may not cover all claims made against them nor continue to be available at a reasonable cost, if at all. In some states, insurance coverage for the risk of punitive damages arising from professional liability and general liability claims and/or litigation may not, in certain cases, be available to operators due to state law prohibitions or limitations on availability. As a result, our operators operating in these states may be liable for damage awards (including punitive damage awards) that are either not covered or are in excess of their insurance policy limits. We also believe that there has been, and will continue to be, an increase in governmental investigations of long-term care providers, particularly in the area of Medicare/Medicaid false reimbursement claims, as well as an increase in enforcement actions resulting from these investigations. Insurance is not available to cover such losses. Any adverse determination in a legal proceeding or governmental investigation, whether currently asserted or arising in the future, could have a material adverse effect on an operator's financial condition.
Moreover, advocacy groups that monitor the quality of care at healthcare facilities have sued healthcare operators and called upon state and federal legislators to enhance their oversight of trends in healthcare facility ownership and quality of care. Patients have also sued healthcare facility operators and have, in certain cases, succeeded in winning very large damage awards for alleged abuses. This litigation and potential litigation in the future has materially increased the costs incurred by our operators for monitoring and reporting quality of care compliance. In addition, the cost of medical malpractice and liability insurance has increased and may continue to increase so long as the present litigation environment affecting the operations of healthcare facilities continues. Increased costs could
30
limit our operators' ability to make payments to us, potentially decreasing our revenue and increasing our collection and litigation costs. To the extent we are required to remove or replace the operators of our healthcare properties, our revenue from those properties could be reduced or eliminated for an extended period of time.
Operators that fail to comply with the requirements of governmental reimbursement programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, licensing and certification requirements, fraud and abuse regulations or new legislative developments may be unable to meet their obligations to us.
Our operators are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations that are subject to frequent and substantial
changes resulting from legislation, adoption of rules and regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations of existing law. The ultimate timing or effect of these changes cannot be
predicted. These changes may have a dramatic effect on our operators' costs of doing business and on the amount of reimbursement by both government and other third-party payors. We have no direct
control over our operators' ability to meet the numerous federal, state and local regulatory requirements. The failure of any of our operators to comply with these laws, requirements and regulations
could adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. In particular:
31
broader
provisions for the exclusion of providers from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Furthermore, the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or
OIG-HHS, has announced a number of new and ongoing initiatives for 2008 to study instances of potential Medicare and Medicaid overbilling and/or fraud in SNFs and nursing homes. The
OIG-HHS, in cooperation with other federal and state agencies, also continues to focus on the activities of SNFs in certain states in which we have properties. In addition, the federal
False Claims Act allows a private individual with knowledge of fraud against the Medicare or Medicaid programs to bring a claim on behalf of the federal government and earn a percentage of the federal
government's recovery from such a claim. Because of this monetary incentive, these so-called "whistleblower" suits have become more frequent. Some states currently have statutes that are
analogous to the federal False Claims Act. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, or Deficit Reduction Act, encourages states to enact such legislation by permitting a state to retain an additional 10% of
any recovery in a suit for false or fraudulent claims submitted to that state's Medicaid program if the enacted legislation is at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act in rewarding and
facilitating whistleblower suits. Enforcement activity may increase as additional states enact legislation in response to the Deficit Reduction Act. The violation of any of these laws or regulations
by an operator may result in the imposition of fines or other penalties that could jeopardize that operator's ability to make lease payments to us or to continue operating its facility.
Congressional hearings and investigations of acquisitions of nursing home facilities by private equity firms, along with recent legislation relating to nursing home care and financial transparency, could lead to increased oversight of the healthcare industry and heightened regulatory requirements that may have an adverse effect on our business.
Over the past year, acquisitions of nursing home facilities by private equity firms have come under increased congressional scrutiny. In October 2007, certain members of the U.S. Senate asked the
32
Government Accountability Office, or GAO, to investigate the effect of private equity ownership on the quality of care provided in nursing homes. In November 2007, the Sub-Committee on Health of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means heard testimony from researchers, industry representatives and patient advocates regarding trends in nursing home ownership and quality of care. In February 2008, certain members of Congress introduced the Nursing Home Transparency and Improvement Act of 2008. This legislation proposes additional reporting requirements by nursing home staff, heightened penalties for nursing home quality deficiencies and greater transparency by companies, such as us, that own or operate nursing home facilities. The legislation provides for the disclosure of detailed reports relating to nursing home expenditures, civil monetary penalties of up to $100,000 for deficiencies in nursing home care and additional protections for nursing home residents, such as advance notice of the closure of a nursing home facility, mandated relocation of nursing home residents before a facility closes and the development of a standardized resident complaint system. In addition, the legislation contemplates heightened regulation of owners of nursing home facilities by granting authority to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop a national independent monitor program specific to interstate and large intrastate nursing home chains. The Secretary would be responsible for overseeing the efforts of owners of nursing home facilities, including publicly held companies like us, to comply with federal and state regulations, analyzing the management structure, expenditures and staffing of nursing home facilities, reporting findings and recommendations relating to such analyses and oversight to the federal and state governments and publishing such findings, analyses and recommendations. If enacted, the legislation could lead to substantial increases in the cost of regulatory compliance, and negatively impact the market price of our common shares and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations and the businesses of our operators.
In addition, there have been published reports indicating that certain members of Congress would like to strengthen regulation of nursing facilities by mandating that there cannot be separation between owners and operators. Any such requirement, absent a corresponding change in the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations affecting REITs, would require us either to sell all of our facilities or to acquire a nursing home operator and cease to qualify as a REIT, either of which would have enormous adverse effects on our business.
Our operators depend on reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors and reimbursement rates from such payors may be reduced.
Changes in the reimbursement rate or methods of payment from third-party payors, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs, or the implementation of other measures to reduce reimbursements for services provided by our operators has in the past, and could in the future, result in a substantial reduction in our operators' revenues and operating margins. Additionally, net revenue realizable under third-party payor agreements can change after examination and retroactive adjustment by payors during the claims settlement processes or as a result of post-payment audits. Payors may disallow requests for reimbursement based on determinations that certain costs are not reimbursable or reasonable or because additional documentation is necessary or because certain services were not covered or were not medically necessary. There also continues to be new legislative and regulatory proposals that could impose further limitations on government and private payments to healthcare providers. In some cases, states have enacted or are considering enacting measures designed to reduce their Medicaid expenditures and to make changes to private healthcare insurance. We cannot assure you that adequate reimbursement levels will continue to be available for the services provided by our operators, which are currently being reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid or private third-party payors. Further limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates could have a material adverse effect on our operators' liquidity, financial condition and results of operations, which could cause the revenues of our operators to decline and potentially jeopardize their ability to meet their obligations to us.
33
Increased competition as well as increased operating costs due to competition for qualified employees have resulted in lower revenues for some of our operators and may affect the ability of our operators to meet their payment obligations to us.
The healthcare industry is highly competitive, and we expect that it will become more competitive in the future. Our operators are competing with numerous other companies providing similar healthcare services or alternatives such as home health agencies, life care at home, community-based service programs, retirement communities and convalescent centers. We cannot be certain the operators of all of our facilities will be able to achieve occupancy and rate levels that will enable them to meet all of their obligations to us. Our operators may encounter increased competition in the future that could limit their ability to attract residents or expand their businesses and therefore affect their ability to pay their lease payments.
The market for qualified nurses, healthcare professionals and other key personnel is also highly competitive and our operators may experience difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. Increases in labor costs due to higher wages and greater benefits required to attract and retain qualified healthcare personnel incurred by our operators could affect their ability to pay their lease payments. This situation could be particularly acute in certain states that have enacted legislation establishing minimum staffing requirements.
Possible changes in the acuity profile of our operators' residents as well as payor mix and payment methodologies may significantly affect the profitability of our operators.
The sources and amounts of our operators' revenues are determined by a number of factors, including licensed bed capacity, occupancy, the acuity profile of residents and the rate of reimbursement. Changes in the acuity profile of the residents as well as payor mix among private pay, Medicare and Medicaid may significantly affect our operators' profitability, which may affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.
Delays in our operators' collection of their accounts receivable could adversely affect their cash flows and financial condition and their ability to meet their obligations to us.
Prompt billing and collection are important factors in the liquidity of our operators. Billing and collection of accounts receivable are subject to the complex regulations that govern Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement and rules imposed by non-government payors. The inability of our operators to bill and collect on a timely basis pursuant to these regulations and rules could subject them to payment delays that negatively impact their cash flows and ultimately their financial condition and their ability to meet their obligations to us.
We may make errors in evaluating information reported by our operators and, as a result, we may enter into leases that we would not have made if we had properly evaluated the information.
We enter into leases and assess the creditworthiness of our operators based on detailed financial information and projections provided to us by our operators. Even if our operators provide us full and accurate disclosure of all material information concerning their facilities and operations, we may misinterpret or incorrectly analyze this information. In addition, not all of our operators are required under the terms of our leases to provide us with audited financial information. As such, mistakes made by us or mistakes or omissions made by our operators regarding their financial condition could cause us to make faulty leasing or portfolio management decisions, which could result in our inability to collect rents.
34
RISKS RELATING TO OUR ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE
We may assume unknown liabilities in connection with our contribution transactions.
As part of our contribution transactions, we will receive certain assets or interests in certain assets subject to existing liabilities, some of which may be unknown to us at the time of the contribution. Unknown liabilities might include liabilities for cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions, claims of operators, vendors or other persons dealing with the entities prior to the offering (that had not been asserted or threatened prior to the offering), tax liabilities, and accrued but unpaid liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business. Our recourse with respect to such liabilities may be limited, as we generally will acquire these assets from CapitalSource on an "as is, where is" basis. Depending on the amount or nature of such liabilities, our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the market price of our shares may be materially and adversely affected.
Upon completion of this offering, CapitalSource will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares and will have the ability to control us and any matters presented to our shareholders.
Upon completion of this offering, CapitalSource will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares and two CapitalSource employees will serve on our board of trustees. Under the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets, CapitalSource will have the right to designate a number of persons to serve on our board that is proportional to its ownership stake in our company, but not more than 50% of our board members. Consequently, CapitalSource will be able to influence significantly our board of trustees and control the outcome of matters submitted for shareholder action, including the election of our board of trustees and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as business combinations, consolidations and mergers. In addition, under the agreement by which we will acquire our initial assets, CapitalSource will have approval rights that will require us to obtain CapitalSource's consent before taking certain corporate actions. See "Other Arrangements Between CapitalSource and Us." CapitalSource could exercise its influence in a manner that is not in the best interests of our other shareholders, including by delaying or preventing a change of control that our other shareholders may view as beneficial. As a result of such actions, the market price of our common shares could decline or shareholders might not receive a premium for their shares in connection with a change in control.
Our declaration of trust does not permit ownership in excess of 5.0% or 9.9% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our common shares or preferred shares, respectively, and imposes certain other limits on the ownership of our shares. Attempts to acquire our shares in excess of these limits without prior approval from our board of trustees are void.
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50 percent of the value of outstanding shares may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each taxable year. To make sure that we will not fail to qualify as a REIT under this test, subject to some exceptions, our declaration of trust generally prohibits any shareholder from directly or indirectly owning (or being deemed to own by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code) more than 5.0% or 9.9% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our common shares or preferred shares, respectively. In addition, our declaration of trust generally prohibits direct or indirect ownership (or deemed ownership by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code) of our shares by any person that would cause us to own, actually or constructively (taking into account certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code), a 10% or greater interest in any of our tenants. Our declaration of trust's ownership rules are complex and may cause the outstanding shares owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, for instance, the acquisition of less than 5.0% of the outstanding common shares by an individual or entity could cause that individual or
35
entity to be treated as owning in excess of 5.0% of our outstanding common shares, and cause those excess shares to be subject to those remedies set forth in our declaration of trust in connection with a breach of the ownership limit. Any attempt to own or transfer shares in excess of the ownership limit without the consent of our board of trustees will be void, and could result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust. We intend to grant CapitalSource (including, for these purposes, its wholly owned subsidiaries) an exemption to own up to 79% of our outstanding common shares. We also intend to grant to those persons that are treated as owning common shares in excess of our ownership limits solely as a result of CapitalSource's ownership of our common shares an exemption of such ownership, so long as no such person that is treated as an "individual" under the Internal Revenue Code for these purposes is treated as owning more than 9.8% of our common shares solely as a result of CapitalSource's ownership of our common shares; for these purposes, John K. Delaney, our chairman, and certain persons and trusts related to him, will constitute a single "individual." Such exemptions will be conditioned on certain representations made, and certain covenants agreed to, by CapitalSource, and will be effective immediately upon the completion of this offering. We believe that these exemptions will not jeopardize our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest-Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
Transformation into a public company may increase our costs and disrupt the regular operations of our business.
Although CapitalSource will bear the expenses incurred on our behalf in connection with this offering, we expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, reporting and other expenses as a result of having publicly traded common shares. These costs will include, but are not limited to, costs and expenses for trustee fees, trustee and officer insurance, investor relations, expenses for compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and rules implemented by the SEC and NYSE, and various other costs associated with being a public company.
We also anticipate that we will incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and NYSE. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some management and corporate governance activities more time-consuming and costly. These rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain trustee and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs, and therefore could have an adverse impact on our ability to recruit and bring on qualified independent trustees. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of these requirements or the timing of such costs.
We may also be required to expend significant financial and managerial resources in connection with the comprehensive evaluation of our internal controls required to be conducted under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If for any period our management is unable to ascertain the effectiveness of our internal controls or if our auditors cannot attest to management's certification, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence, which could have an adverse effect on the price of our common shares.
Additional demands associated with being a public company may disrupt regular operations of our business by diverting the attention of some of our senior management team away from revenue producing activities to management and administrative oversight, adversely affecting our ability to attract and complete business opportunities and increasing the difficulty in managing and growing our businesses. Any of these effects could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
36
RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING
There may not be an active market for our common shares, which may cause our common shares to trade at a discount and make it difficult to sell the common shares you purchase.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. The initial public offering price for our common shares will be determined by negotiations between the underwriters and CapitalSource. We cannot assure you that the initial public offering price will correspond to the price at which our common shares will trade in the public market subsequent to this offering or that the price of our shares available in the public market will reflect our actual financial performance.
We
have applied to list our common shares on the NYSE under the symbol "CHR." Listing on the NYSE will not ensure that an active market will develop for our common shares. Accordingly,
no assurance can be given as to:
The market price and trading volume of our common shares may be volatile following this offering.
Even if an active trading market develops for our common shares after this offering, the market price of our common shares may be
highly volatile and be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our common shares may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our
common shares declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common shares will not
fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could depress our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume
of our common shares include:
37
We will be a "controlled company" within the meaning of the NYSE rules, and, as a result, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.
After the completion of this offering, CapitalSource will own more than 50% of the total voting power of our common shares, and we will
be a "controlled company" under the NYSE corporate governance standards. As a controlled company, we intend to utilize exemptions under the NYSE standards that free us from the obligation to comply
with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:
As a result of our use of the "controlled company" exemption, you will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.
Future sales by us or CapitalSource of our common shares or convertible securities following this offering may reduce the market price for our common shares.
We may issue additional securities in the future to raise capital. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sales by us of our common shares will have on the market price of our common shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market or the perception that such sales might occur could reduce the market price of our common shares and the terms upon which we may obtain additional equity financing in the future.
Moreover, as of the closing of this offering, CapitalSource will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares. In connection with the contribution to us of our initial assets by CapitalSource, we have agreed upon demand to register for resale all of the shares issued to CapitalSource not being registered for sale in this offering. To the extent CapitalSource exercises these registration rights, the market price of our common shares could decrease significantly. In addition, all common shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction (other than any restrictions set forth in our declaration of trust relating to our qualification as a REIT), unless the shares are owned by one of our affiliates. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial InterestShares Eligible for Future Sale."
We, CapitalSource, CSE Mortgage LLC, our manager and each of our officers and trustees have also entered into lock-up agreements pursuant to which we and they agreed, as applicable, not to, without the prior written consent of Banc of America Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., on behalf of the underwriters, during the period ending 180 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part (subject to extension under certain circumstances), among other things, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, pledge, contract to sell (including any short sale), grant any options to purchase or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or enter into any transaction that is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the disposition of any of our common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common shares or derivatives of our common shares or common shares issuable upon exercise of options or warrants, subject to certain limited exceptions. Banc of America
38
Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. may, at any time, release all or a portion of the securities subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. There are no present agreements between the underwriters and us or any of our executive officers, trustees or shareholders releasing them or us from these lock-up agreements.
Future offerings of debt securities or preferred shares, which may be senior to our common shares for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
In the future, we may raise capital through the issuance of debt or preferred equity securities. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares, if any, and lenders with respect to other borrowings will be entitled to our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends or make liquidating distributions to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common shares will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting the value of their share holdings in us.
We are subject to significant anti-takeover provisions.
Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide for, among other things:
In addition, Maryland law limits business combinations and control share acquisitions unless our board of trustees affirmatively elects not to be covered by the statutory provisions. Although we have opted out of the statutory limitations of both provisions, our board may in the future elect to be covered under the business combination provisions and the control share acquisitions provisions of Maryland law. Furthermore, Maryland law permits our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses that we may not yet have and to take, or refrain from taking, certain other actions without those decisions being subject to any heightened standard of conduct or standard of review as such decisions may be subject in other jurisdictions. The declaration of trust, bylaws and Maryland law provisions, when taken together with the provisions of our management agreement and CapitalSource's significant share ownership, could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, which could adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Our distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate and we could reduce or eliminate distributions on our common shares.
Our board of trustees, in its sole discretion, will determine the amount and frequency of distributions to be made to our shareholders based on consideration of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments. Consequently, our distribution levels may fluctuate, and the level
39
of distributions we make could be less than expected. If we reduce our distributions or elect or are required to retain rather than distribute our income, our share price could be adversely affected.
We may change our investment strategies and policies and capital structure without shareholder approval.
We and our manager may alter our investment strategies and policies without the approval of our shareholders if we determine in the future that a change is in our shareholders' best interests. The methods of implementing our investment strategies and policies may vary in our discretion as new investments and financing techniques are developed. Shareholders will not be able to influence how or when we develop and implement any changes to our investment strategies or policies.
Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions deemed not to be in your best interests.
Our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for
liability resulting from:
In addition, our declaration of trust permits us, and we will enter into agreements, to indemnify our present and former trustees and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each present or former trustee or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our trustees and officers.
Market interest rates may have an effect on the value of our common shares.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our common shares is our distribution rate as a percentage of our share price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may desire a higher distribution on our common shares or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our common shares likely will be based primarily on the earnings that we derive from rental income with respect to our facilities and our related distributions to shareholders, and not from the underlying appraised value of the facilities themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market value of our common shares. For instance, if interest rates rise, it is likely that the market price of our common shares will decrease, because potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our common shares as market rates on interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable-rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to shareholders.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATION AS A REIT
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any given year, we will have reduced funds available for distribution to our shareholders and our income will be subject to taxation at regular corporate rates.
We intend to elect to be taxed, and to qualify, as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, effective for our taxable year ending December 31, 2008. Given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations and the possibility of future
40
changes in the law or our circumstances, we might not satisfy all requirements applicable to REITs for any particular taxable year. Furthermore, our qualification as a REIT depends on our continuing satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests will depend upon our analysis of the fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination. Our compliance with the REIT annual income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. With respect to our compliance with the REIT organizational requirements, the IRS could contend that our ownership interests in securities of other issuers would give rise to a violation of one or more of the asset tests applicable to REITs.
If
in any taxable year we fail to qualify as a REIT,
Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash we have available for distribution to our shareholders, which, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on the value of, and trading prices for, our common shares. In addition, we would not be able to re-elect REIT status until the fifth taxable year following the initial year of disqualification unless we were to qualify for relief under applicable Internal Revenue Code provisions. Thus, for example, if the IRS successfully challenges our status as a REIT solely for our taxable year ended December 31, 2008, we would not be able to re-elect REIT status until our taxable year which began January 1, 2013, unless we were to qualify for relief. This treatment would significantly reduce our net earnings and cash flow because of our additional tax liability for the years involved, which could significantly impact our financial condition. In addition, even if we qualify as a REIT, any gain or income recognized by our TRS, to the extent we form one, will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and applicable state and local taxes.
We could lack access to funds to meet our dividend and tax obligations.
As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding capital gains, to maintain our REIT qualification, and we need to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income, including capital gains, to eliminate U.S. federal income tax liability. Moreover, we are subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of the amounts actually distributed and amounts retained for which federal income tax was paid, if the amount of dividends which we distribute during a calendar year (plus excess dividends paid in prior years) does not equal at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years. We also could be required to pay additional taxes if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any given year. The amount of funds, if any, available to us could be insufficient to meet the distribution requirements and tax obligations. To qualify as a REIT and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis, or possibly on a long-term basis, to meet the REIT distribution requirements even if the then prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. These borrowing needs could result from, among other things, a difference in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for federal income tax purposes, the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt amortization payments.
41
Changes in taxation of corporate dividends may adversely affect the value of our shares.
The maximum marginal rate of tax payable by domestic noncorporate taxpayers on dividends received from a regular "C" corporation under current law generally is 15% through 2010, as opposed to higher ordinary income rates. The reduced tax rate, however, does not apply to ordinary income dividends paid to domestic noncorporate taxpayers by a REIT on its shares, except for certain limited amounts. Although the earnings of a REIT that are distributed to its shareholders generally remain subject to less U.S. federal income taxation than earnings of a non-REIT "C" corporation that are distributed to its shareholders net of corporate-level income tax, legislation that extends the application of the 15% rate to dividends paid after 2010 by "C" corporations could cause domestic noncorporate investors to view the stock of regular "C" corporations as more attractive relative to the shares of a REIT, because the dividends from regular "C" corporations would continue to be taxed at a lower rate while distributions from REITs (other than distributions designated as capital gain dividends) are generally taxed at the same rate as the investor's other ordinary income.
Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a lease termination and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for the payment of our debt obligations. In addition, to the extent we derive income through our TRSs, that income will be subject to corporate-level income tax at regular rates. We will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on amounts received by us (or on certain expenses deducted by a TRS) if certain arrangements among us, or any TRS that we form, and/or any operators of ours, as further described below, are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
Complying with REIT requirements may affect our profitability and may force us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our shareholders. For example, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualifying REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of one or more of our TRSs. Thus, we may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to satisfy the asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. We also may be required to make distributions to shareholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution (e.g., if we have assets which generate mismatches, including timing differences, between taxable income and available cash). As a result, having to comply with the distribution requirement could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms; or (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt.
42
Accordingly, satisfying the REIT requirements could have an adverse effect on our business results, profitability and ability to execute our business plan.
Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.
Actions taken by CapitalSource or its shareholders may cause us to fail to satisfy certain REIT requirements.
Rents we receive from a "related party tenant" will not constitute qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests applicable to REITs. An operator is a related party to a REIT if the REIT, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of the REIT, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the operator. Because CapitalSource will own 10% or more of our common shares, we generally will be treated, for purposes of the related party tenant rules, as owning any interests that CapitalSource, its subsidiaries or 10% or greater stockholders own in our tenants. As a result, if in connection with its commercial lending business, CapitalSource were to take warrants or other rights in a tenant of ours, we will be treated as owning such warrants or other rights, and will be treated as owning an interest in that tenant represented by such warrants or other rights on an "as exercised" basis. Similarly, if a loan made by CapitalSource secured by equity or other rights in a tenant of ours were to go into default, we generally would be treated as owning that collateral. In each case, if the interest owned by CapitalSource (and treated as being owned by us) represents 10% or more of our tenant, we will be treated as being related to that tenant. We and CapitalSource will enter into certain arrangements designed to prevent actions taken by CapitalSource from causing us to be treated as being related to one or more of our tenants. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that such arrangements will be effective in ensuring that we will not be treated as being related to one or more of our tenants as a result of the actions of CapitalSource or any of its shareholders.
Complying with REIT requirements with respect to our TRS limits our flexibility in operating or managing certain properties through our TRS.
A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage a healthcare facility. For REIT qualification purposes, the definition of a "healthcare facility" means a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients and which, immediately before the termination, expiration, default, or breach of the lease of such facility, was operated by a provider of such services which was eligible for participation in the Medicare program under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act with respect to such facility. Although a TRS may lease or own certain "qualified healthcare properties" so long as an eligible independent contractor actually operates the property, the TRS could be treated as directly or indirectly operating the facility unless a number of requirements are met. If the IRS were to treat a subsidiary corporation of ours as directly or indirectly operating or managing a healthcare facility, such subsidiary would not qualify as a TRS, which could jeopardize our REIT qualification.
We may not be able to find a suitable operator for our healthcare property, which could reduce our cash flow and impair our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We may not be able to find another qualified operator for a property if we have to replace an operator. Accordingly, if we are unable to find a qualified operator for one or more of our properties,
43
rental payments could cease which could have a significant impact on our operating results and financial condition, in which case we could be required to sell such properties or terminate our qualification as a REIT. Although the REIT rules regarding foreclosure property allow us to acquire certain qualified healthcare property as the result of the termination or expiration of a lease (other than by reason of default, or the imminence of default, on the lease) of such property and, in connection with such acquisition, to operate a qualified healthcare property through, and in certain circumstances derive income from, a qualified independent contractor for a period of two years (or up to six years if extensions are granted), once such period ends, the REIT rules prohibit the direct or indirect operation or management of such property through a TRS of ours. Under other limited circumstances, a TRS of ours may lease or own certain healthcare properties so long as the facility is operated by an eligible independent contractor. If, otherwise, the IRS were to treat a TRS of ours as directly or indirectly operating or managing a healthcare facility, such subsidiary would not qualify as a TRS, which could jeopardize our REIT qualification under the REIT gross asset and income tests.
Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us.
The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or without retroactive application, could materially adversely affect our investors or us. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. New legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
44
CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We generally identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "target," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar words. These statements are only predictions. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our operators' or our industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The sections entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Risk Factors" and "Business" as well as other disclosures included in this prospectus discuss some of the factors that could contribute to these differences.
The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
45
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common shares by CapitalSource.
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common shares. We intend to pay a pro rata initial distribution with respect to the period commencing on the consummation of this offering and ending on December 31, 2008, based on a distribution of $0.39 per share for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $1.56 per share, or an annual distribution rate of approximately 8.0% based on an assumed initial public offering price of $19.50 per share, the midpoint of the range indicated on the cover of this prospectus. We estimate that this initial annual distribution rate will represent approximately 85% of estimated cash available for distribution for the twelve months ending June 30, 2009. We have estimated our cash available for distribution to our common shareholders for the twelve months ending June 30, 2009 based on adjustments to our pro forma net income available to common shareholders, as described below. This estimate was based upon our historical operating results and does not take into account any additional investments and their associated cash flows, unanticipated expenditures we may have to make or any debt we may incur. In estimating our cash available for distribution to holders of our common shares, we have made certain assumptions, as reflected in the table and footnotes below.
Our estimate of cash available for distribution does not include the effect of any changes in our working capital resulting from changes in our working capital accounts. Our estimate also does not reflect the amount of cash estimated to be used for investing activities, nor does it reflect the amount of cash estimated to be used for financing activities, other than scheduled amortization of our debt upon consummation of this offering. Although we have included all material investing and financing activities that we have commitments to undertake as of June 30, 2008, we may undertake additional investing and/or financing activities during the twelve months ending June 30, 2009. Any such investing and/or financing activities may have a material effect on our estimate of cash available for distribution. Notwithstanding the assumptions set forth above in estimating cash available for distribution, we do not intend this estimate to be a projection or forecast of our actual results of operations or our liquidity, and have estimated cash available for distribution for the sole purpose of determining the amount of our initial annual distribution rate. Our estimate of cash available for distribution should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) or as an indicator of our liquidity or our ability to pay or make distributions. In addition, the methodology upon which we made the adjustments described below is not necessarily intended to be a basis for determining future distributions.
We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the twelve-month period following consummation of this offering unless actual results of operations, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in our estimate. Distributions will be authorized by our board of trustees out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law.
Distributions to shareholders will generally be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary income. However, a portion of such distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gain to the extent that such portion is attributable to our sale of capital assets held for more than one year. If we pay distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distributions will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of each shareholder's tax basis in our common shares and as capital gain thereafter. We will furnish annually to each of our shareholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their federal income tax status. For a discussion of the federal income tax treatment of our distributions, see "Material U.S. Federal Income
46
Tax ConsiderationsTaxation of the Company as a REIT" and "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsTaxation of U.S. Shareholders."
We intend to distribute to our shareholders each year all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income. To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than the amount required to be distributed under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, we may consider various funding sources to cover any such shortfall, including borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, for which we have received $290 million of commitments and expect to enter into definitive documentation prior to the consummation of this offering, or by selling assets or using a portion of the proceeds we may receive in future offerings. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding capital gains, to maintain our REIT qualification. Moreover, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on our REIT taxable income, including capital gains, that is not distributed and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our taxable income are not distributed, by specified dates. See "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsAnnual Distribution Requirements."
We cannot assure you that our estimated distributions will be made or sustained. Any distributions we pay in the future will depend upon our actual results of operations, economic conditions and other factors that could differ materially from our current expectations. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenue we receive from our assets, our operating expenses, interest expense, the ability of our operators to meet their obligations and unanticipated expenditures. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially adversely affect our actual results of operations, see "Risk Factors." If our assets do not generate sufficient cash flow to allow funds to be distributed by us, we may be required to fund distributions from working capital, or borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility or reduce such distributions.
47
The following table describes our pro forma net income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2007, and the adjustments we have made in order to estimate our cash available for distribution for the twelve months ending June 30, 2009.
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2007 |
$ | 29,133 | ||
Less: Pro forma net income for the six months ended June 30, 2007 |
(6,688 | ) | ||
Add: Pro forma net income for the six months ended June 30, 2008 |
27,200 | |||
Pro forma net income for the 12 months ended June 30, 2008 |
$ | 49,645 | ||
Add: Pro forma real estate depreciation(1) |
35,787 | |||
Add: Amortization of deferred financing fees(2) |
473 | |||
Add: Non-cash compensation expense(3) |
965 | |||
Add: Net increases in contractual rental income(4) |
399 | |||
Add: Net decrease in noncontrolling interest expense(5) |
3,852 | |||
Add: Elimination of loss on impairment of assets |
1,225 | |||
Less: Gain on sale of real estate |
(261 | ) | ||
Less: Net effect of straight-line rents(6) |
(8,189 | ) | ||
Less: Net effect of above (below) market leases(7) |
(1,375 | ) | ||
Estimated cash flows from operating activities for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009 |
$ | 82,521 | ||
Estimated cash flows from investing activities for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009 |
$ | | ||
Estimated cash flows from financing activities for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009(8) |
$ | (5,221 | ) | |
Estimated cash available for distribution for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009 |
$ | 77,300 | ||
Estimated initial annual distribution for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009 |
65,684 | |||
Distribution excess |
11,616 | |||
Estimated distribution per share for the 12 months ending June 30, 2009(9) |
$ | 1.56 | ||
Distribution ratio based on estimated cash available for distribution to our holders of common shares(10) |
85 | % |
(1) | Pro forma real estate depreciation for the 12 months ended December 31, 2007 | $ | 31,955 | |||
Less: Pro forma real estate depreciation for the six months ended June 30, 2007 | (14,127 | ) | ||||
Add: Pro forma real estate depreciation for the six months ended June 30, 2008 | 17,959 | |||||
$ | 35,787 | |||||
48
The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Carve-out Entity on an historical basis and our capitalization, on a pro forma basis, in each case, as of June 30, 2008. This table should be read in conjunction with "Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements," "Selected Combined Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our historical combined financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
As of June 30, 2008 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Pro Forma(1) |
|||||||
|
(unaudited) ($ in thousands) |
||||||||
Debt: |
|||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 332,988 | $ | 332,988 | |||||
Related party debt |
247,743 | | |||||||
Term debt |
20,000 | 20,000 | |||||||
Total debt |
600,731 | 352,988 | |||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
14,666 | 14,666 | |||||||
Equity: |
|||||||||
Member's equity |
543,060 | | |||||||
Common shares |
| 421 | |||||||
Additional paid in capital |
| 940,061 | |||||||
Accumulated deficit |
| (149,679 | ) | ||||||
Total equity |
543,060 | 790,803 | |||||||
Total capitalization |
$ | 1,158,457 | $ | 1,158,457 | |||||
49
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007 have been prepared as though the contribution to us of our initial assets and the related transactions, had occurred as of January 1, 2007. We have not made any pro forma adjustments to reflect a full period of operations for those initial assets that we acquired during 2007 or the six months ended June 30, 2008. The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2008 has been prepared as though the contribution to us of our initial assets and the related transactions, had occurred on June 30, 2008.
Further, the historical financial information presented herein has been adjusted to give pro forma effect to events that are directly attributable to the transaction, are factually supportable and are expected to have a continuing impact on our results. These unaudited pro forma combined financial statements should be read in conjunction with the historical combined financial statements and related notes of the Carve-out Entity, included elsewhere in this prospectus. These adjustments are subject to change based on the finalization of the terms of the contribution to us of our initial assets and the related transaction agreements. See "Other Arrangements Between CapitalSource and Us." In addition, such adjustments are estimates and may not prove to be accurate. Information regarding these adjustments constitutes forward-looking information and is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, CapitalSource will contribute all of its healthcare net lease assets and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan to us in exchange for common shares. SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 48 ("SAB 48") specifically states that transfers of non-monetary assets to a company by its promoters or by shareholders in exchange for stock prior to or at the time of the company's initial public offering normally should be recorded by the company at the transferor's historical cost basis. We plan to follow SAB 48 and record the healthcare net lease assets and the $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan at CapitalSource's historical cost basis.
We intend to form a TRS to hold a $100 million portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. To the extent that a TRS is formed and generates income, it would pay federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income. Revenues generated by our TRS are offset in part by interest expense it incurs on amounts borrowed from us.
The
pro forma adjustments include the following items:
Our unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations do not give effect to the initial expenses directly attributable to this offering because these non-recurring charges will be incurred by CapitalSource. Additionally, we expect to enter into a senior secured revolving credit facility prior to the consummation of this offering that will be used primarily to finance our future direct real estate investments and for general corporate use. We do not believe this facility will be drawn in the near future, other than to pay closing costs and related fees, and, therefore, we have not made any pro forma adjustments related to it.
50
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Balance Sheet
As of June 30, 2008
($ in thousands)
|
Historical(a) | Transaction Adjustments |
Pro Forma | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
Real estate investments: |
||||||||||||
Building and improvements |
$ | 910,413 | $ | | $ | 910,413 | ||||||
Land |
106,797 | | 106,797 | |||||||||
Furniture and equipment |
51,814 | | 51,814 | |||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation |
(61,325 | ) | | (61,325 | ) | |||||||
Real estate investment, net |
1,007,699 | | 1,007,699 | |||||||||
Loans, net |
151,875 | | 151,875 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
9,863 | | 9,863 | |||||||||
Restricted cash |
16,322 | | 16,322 | |||||||||
Deposits |
9,334 | | 9,334 | |||||||||
Deferred financing fees, net |
3,394 | | 3,394 | |||||||||
Intangible lease assets, net |
18,652 | | 18,652 | |||||||||
Straight-line rent receivable |
15,512 | | 15,512 | |||||||||
Receivables and other assets, net |
2,849 | | 2,849 | |||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,235,500 | $ | | $ | 1,235,500 | ||||||
|
||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 332,988 | $ | | $ | 332,988 | ||||||
Related party debt |
247,743 | (247,743 | )(b) | | ||||||||
Term debt |
20,000 | | 20,000 | |||||||||
Lease obligation, net |
48,369 | | 48,369 | |||||||||
Other liabilities |
28,674 | | 28,674 | |||||||||
Total liabilities |
677,774 | (247,743 | ) | 430,031 | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
14,666 |
|
14,666 |
|||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||||||
Member's equity |
543,060 | (543,060 | )(b)(c) | | ||||||||
Common shares ($0.01 par value, 650,000,000 shares authorized; 42,105,000 shares issued and outstanding) |
| 421 | (c) | 421 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
| 940,061 | (c) | 940,061 | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
| (149,679) | (c) | (149,679 | ) | |||||||
Total equity |
543,060 | 247,743 | 790,803 | |||||||||
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and equity |
$ | 1,235,500 | $ | | $ | 1,235,500 | ||||||
See accompanying notes.
51
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
52
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statement of Operations
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
($ in thousands, except per
share data)
|
Historical(a) | Transaction Adjustments |
Pro Forma | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 54,150 | $ | | $ | 54,150 | ||||||
Interest and fee income |
9,418 | | 9,418 | |||||||||
Total revenue |
63,568 | | 63,568 | |||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
20,921 | (10,617) | (b) | 10,304 | ||||||||
Depreciation |
17,959 | | 17,959 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
5,046 | 639 | (c)(d)(e)(f)(g) | 5,685 | ||||||||
Total expenses |
43,926 | (9,978 | ) | 33,948 | ||||||||
Income before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
19,642 | 9,978 | 29,620 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
105 | | 105 | |||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(1,545 | ) | | (1,545 | ) | |||||||
Income before income taxes |
18,202 | 9,978 | 28,180 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
| 980 | (h) | 980 | ||||||||
Net income |
$ | 18,202 | $ | 8,998 | $ | 27,200 | ||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| | $ | 0.65 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| | $ | 0.65 | ||||||||
Average shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| 41,906,267 | (i) | 41,906,267 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| 41,926,242 | (i) | 41,926,242 |
See accompanying notes.
53
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statement of Operations
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
($ in thousands, except per
share data)
|
Historical(a) | Transaction Adjustments |
Pro Forma | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 41,454 | $ | | $ | 41,454 | ||||||
Interest and fee income |
333 | | 333 | |||||||||
Total revenue |
41,787 | | 41,787 | |||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
20,806 | (8,151) | (b) | 12,655 | ||||||||
Depreciation |
14,127 | | 14,127 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
5,017 | 747 | (c)(d)(e)(f)(g) | 5,764 | ||||||||
Total expenses |
39,950 | (7,404 | ) | 32,546 | ||||||||
Income before noncontrolling interests expense |
1,837 | 7,404 | 9,241 | |||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(2,553 | ) | | (2,553 | ) | |||||||
Income before income taxes |
(716 | ) | 7,404 | 6,688 | ||||||||
Income tax expense |
| | | |||||||||
Net income |
$ | (716 | ) | $ | 7,404 | $ | 6,688 | |||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| | $ | 0.16 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| | $ | 0.16 | ||||||||
Average shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| 41,845,308 | (i) | 41,845,308 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| 41,868,168 | (i) | 41,868,168 |
See accompanying notes.
54
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statement of Operations
For The Year Ended December 31, 2007
($ in thousands, except per share
data)
|
Historical(a) | Transaction Adjustments | Pro Forma | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 95,191 | $ | | $ | 95,191 | ||||||
Interest and fee income |
10,805 | | 10,805 | |||||||||
Total revenue |
105,996 | | 105,996 | |||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
46,262 | (20,469) | (b) | 25,793 | ||||||||
Depreciation |
31,955 | | 31,955 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
10,460 | 1,302 | (c)(d)(e)(f)(g) | 11,762 | ||||||||
Loss on impairment of assets |
1,225 | | 1,225 | |||||||||
Total expenses |
89,902 | (19,167 | ) | 70,735 | ||||||||
Income before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
16,094 | 19,167 | 35,261 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
156 | | 156 | |||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(4,951 | ) | | (4,951 | ) | |||||||
Income before income tax |
11,299 | 19,167 | 30,466 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
| 1,333 | (h) | 1,333 | ||||||||
Net income |
$ | 11,299 | $ | 17,834 | $ | 29,133 | ||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||
Average shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
| 41,845,308 | (i) | 41,845,308 | ||||||||
Diluted |
| 41,882,926 | (i) | 41,882,926 |
See accompanying notes.
55
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(a) Represents the historical combined financial statements of the period attributable to the Carve-out Entity.
(b) Represents an adjustment to eliminate interest expense that was historically allocated to us for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, and for the year ended December 31, 2007, on borrowings made by CapitalSource. The adjustment also eliminates any interest expense associated with our related party debt, which will be extinquished prior to completion of the offering. We expect to have our own credit facility to finance future real estate investments and for general corporate use. We believe the credit facility will not be drawn in the near future and we have, therefore, not made any pro forma adjustment related to the expected facility.
(c) Represents an adjustment to eliminate general and administrative expenses in the amount of $4.4 million and $3.1 million that were allocated to us for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $7.4 million that was allocated to us for the year ended December 31, 2007. General and administrative expenses will not be allocated by CapitalSource to us subsequent to the offering as these expenses will be covered by CapitalSource under the management agreement.
(d) Represents an adjustment to eliminate internal legal and other professional fees in the amount of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Internal legal and other professional services will be provided by CapitalSource under the management agreement.
(e) Represents an adjustment to record management fees that will be charged to us by CapitalSource. The annual management fee is calculated as 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets. Management fees will cover, without limitation, rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office tools, internal legal counsel and other professional fees and internal overhead expenses of CapitalSource and its affiliates. The following table summarizes the calculation of the management fee:
|
Six Months Ended June 30, | |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2007 |
|||||||||
|
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||
Average daily balance of gross invested assets |
$ | 1,219,014 | $ | 825,842 | $ | 1,015,939 | ||||
Management fees |
$ | 3,048 | $ | 2,065 | $ | 5,080 | ||||
(f) Represents an adjustment to record expenses of running our operations as a separate, stand-alone public company. These expenses include, without limitation to, audit and tax services, public company costs, trustees' and officers' insurance, trustee compensation, outside legal counsel, software and insurance expenses. The adjustment amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 were $1.6 million, and the adjustment amount for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $3.1 million.
(g) Represents an adjustment for share based compensation expense related to the issuance of awards under our equity incentive plan. Restricted share awards to or for the benefit of our officers and certain other employees of CapitalSource that are expected to devote time to our Company will vest over three to five years from the grant date. Trustee awards will vest annually on the date of the next annual meeting; grants expected to be made to the trustees upon completion of this offering will vest at the 2009 annual meeting of shareholders. We will recognize approximately $1.0 million annually over the vesting period as the cost of these equity awards based on the fair value method under SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, assuming the shares granted are valued at $19.50, the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. The annual compensation expense is expected to be between $1.0 million and $0.9 million depending on the final determination of the grant date fair value of the equity awards.
56
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)
(h) Represents an adjustment to record income tax expense recorded in our TRS at a rate of 40.2%, which was estimated using a combined statutory federal and blended state income tax rate. The TRS will generate income by holding $100 million of our $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. This income is partially offset by interest expense on amounts our TRS will borrow from us.
(i) Represents the basic and diluted shares outstanding resulting from the contribution transaction as determined in accordance with FAS 128.
57
SELECTED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected historical combined financial data should be read in connection with "Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our historical combined financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The selected historical combined financial data as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from our audited combined financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The selected historical combined financial data as of June 30, 2008 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 have been derived from our unaudited historical combined financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future and results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||||||||
Operating Information | ||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Operating lease income | $ | 30,380 | $ | 95,191 | $ | 41,454 | $ | 54,150 | ||||||
Interest and fee income | 194 | 10,805 | 333 | 9,418 | ||||||||||
Total revenues | 30,574 | 105,996 | 41,787 | 63,568 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 13,373 | 46,262 | 20,806 | 20,921 | ||||||||||
Depreciation | 11,464 | 31,955 | 14,127 | 17,959 | ||||||||||
General and administrative | 3,809 | 10,460 | 5,017 | 5,046 | ||||||||||
Loss on impairment of assets | | 1,225 | | | ||||||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment | 2,497 | | | | ||||||||||
Total expenses | 31,143 | 89,902 | 39,950 | 43,926 | ||||||||||
(Loss) income before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense | (569 | ) | 16,094 | 1,837 | 19,642 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate | | 156 | | 105 | ||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense | (4,711 | ) | (4,951 | ) | (2,553 | ) | (1,545 | ) | ||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (5,280 | ) | $ | 11,299 | $ | (716 | ) | $ | 18,202 | ||||
58
|
As of December 31, | As of June 30, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||
Balance Sheet Information |
|||||||||||
Assets |
|||||||||||
Real estate investments: |
|||||||||||
Buildings and improvements |
$ | 608,963 | $ | 900,417 | $ | 910,413 | |||||
Land |
89,140 | 106,620 | 106,797 | ||||||||
Furniture and equipment |
34,395 | 51,545 | 51,814 | ||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation |
(11,464 | ) | (43,370 | ) | (61,325 | ) | |||||
Real estate investments, net |
721,034 | 1,015,212 | 1,007,699 | ||||||||
Loan, net |
| 150,894 | 151,875 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
6,508 | 16,088 | 9,863 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
12,881 | 23,738 | 16,322 | ||||||||
Deposits |
6,435 | 13,758 | 9,334 | ||||||||
Deferred financing fees, net |
4,294 | 3,824 | 3,394 | ||||||||
Intangible lease assets, net |
27,584 | 21,351 | 18,652 | ||||||||
Straight-line rent receivable |
4,012 | 11,680 | 15,512 | ||||||||
Receivables and other assets, net |
1,077 | 2,470 | 2,849 | ||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 783,825 | $ | 1,259,015 | $ | 1,235,500 | |||||
Liabilities, noncontrolling interests and member's equity |
|||||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 299,769 | $ | 341,086 | $ | 332,988 | |||||
Related party debt |
106,660 | 247,743 | 247,743 | ||||||||
Term debt |
20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | ||||||||
Lease obligations, net |
26,816 | 51,918 | 48,369 | ||||||||
Other liabilities |
16,231 | 30,910 | 28,674 | ||||||||
Total liabilities |
469,476 | 691,657 | 677,774 | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
56,342 | 44,808 | 14,666 | ||||||||
Member's equity |
258,007 | 522,550 | 543,060 | ||||||||
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and member's equity |
$ | 783,825 | $ | 1,259,015 | $ | 1,235,500 | |||||
59
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our combined results of operations and financial condition. You should read this discussion in conjunction with the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements and the historical combined financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The audited and unaudited financial statements included in this prospectus reflect the operations of the healthcare net lease segment of CapitalSource and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan as if the CapitalSource healthcare net lease segment and $150 million loan asset had been operated together in a single business as a separate, stand-alone public company throughout all relevant periods. We refer to these operations as those of the "Carve-out Entity" in this prospectus. In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to "we," "us" and "our" refer to the Carve-out Entity.
OVERVIEW
We are a newly organized Maryland real estate investment trust, or REIT, investing in income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities, or SNFs, located in the United States. Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, CapitalSource intends to contribute to us all of the assets and liabilities of its healthcare net lease segment and a $150 million interest in the $375 million Genesis mezzanine loan. We intend to focus our business on the ownership of SNFs and other healthcare-related properties that we will lease to licensed, independent third-party operators under triple-net leases. Under a typical triple-net lease, an operator agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment, subject to annual escalations, and all facility operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, as well as make capital improvements. We believe the healthcare sector is relatively recession resistant compared to other real estate sectors and presents unique growth potential due to favorable demographics of a rapidly growing senior population and the increased use of healthcare services by the aging "baby boomer" generation. We believe SNFs provide an attractive and stable revenue stream as the services SNFs provide are largely paid for under government-sponsored Medicaid and Medicare contracts. We also believe there are significant barriers to entry that limit the number of new SNFs that can be built, due to the requirement that operators obtain either state-mandated Certificates of Need, or CONs, or Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement contracts.
We are managed by a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource. Our manager will receive an annual management fee paid monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets. Gross invested assets is defined as net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus our net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which our balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition to this management fee, our general and administrative expenses will include other expenses that we expect to incur as a result of being a public company. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements" for a more detailed description of these anticipated costs. Our real property assets were previously reported within CapitalSource's healthcare net lease segment. Our executives, who are employees of CapitalSource, have extensive experience investing in healthcare real estate assets. We intend to capitalize on this experience and believe we will benefit from CapitalSource's expertise, knowledge and relationships within the healthcare industry, which will enable CapitalSource to originate, manage and add value to our current and future healthcare-related investments.
As of June 30, 2008, our $1.0 billion of real property assets were leased on a triple-net basis to 41 operator groups. Only three operator groups produced more than 10% of our contractual rental
60
income, with the largest operator group contributing only 13% of our contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The substantial majority of our operator groups each contributed less than 5% of our contractual rental income for that period. We expect that our $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan will be our largest revenue generating investment by total revenue; this interest generated 15.4% of our contractual revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2008, our leases had average remaining terms of 8.4 years and typically have annual escalations on a fixed rate or tied to an index such as the CPI. As of June 30, 2008, 156 of our 186 properties were subject to master leases or were cross-defaulted, providing additional credit support for the performance of those properties.
Substantially all of our revenues and sources of cash flows from operations are derived from operating lease income and interest and fee income earned on our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. These items represent our primary source of liquidity to fund distributions and are dependent upon our operators' and obligor's continued ability to make contractual rent and interest payments to us. To the extent that our operators or obligor experience operating difficulties and are unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments to us, there could be a material adverse impact on our combined results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. To mitigate this risk, we will rely on CapitalSource's portfolio management services, which involve review of periodic operating and financial data for our properties, review of operator/obligor credit, periodic property inspections and review of covenant compliance relating to licensure, real estate taxes, letters of credit and other collateral. CapitalSource uses a proprietary database to collect property-specific data, and considers current industry trends and risks when analyzing such data. We believe CapitalSource's portfolio management practices generally provide timely portfolio information that would typically enable an early intervention to address potential areas of payment risk, and in so doing, support both the collectibility of revenue and the value of our investment.
Our primary objectives are to maintain and enhance shareholder value and to pay consistent cash distributions to our shareholders. We will seek to increase distributions to shareholders by taking advantage of appropriate opportunities to expand our portfolio and by leasing properties subject to annual increases in rental income from our leases. To meet these objectives, we will attempt to invest in properties that provide opportunity for additional value and current returns to our shareholders and diversify our investment portfolio by geographic location and operator.
We intend to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2008. We generally will not be subject to federal taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we distribute our taxable income to shareholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT. As a REIT, we are permitted to own up to 100% of a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. We intend to form a TRS to hold a $100 million portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. To the extent a TRS is formed and generates income, it would be taxable as a corporation and would pay federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income at the applicable corporate rates. As a result, our financial statements after this offering may include a provision for income tax expense relating to the taxable income of our TRS.
KEY TRANSACTIONS IN 2007 AND 2006
During 2007 and 2006, we completed the following key transactions:
61
existing
leases. The contractual rent due from the facilities during the first year was $21.5 million. The five leases have an initial term of 10 years and are subject to annual
escalation of 3.0%. A significant portion of the purchase price was paid in the form of assumptions of pre-existing loans and non-managing member units in a wholly owned
subsidiary of CapitalSource. These non-managing member units, which have no voting interest in such subsidiary, are redeemable at the option of the holders for cash or, at CapitalSource's
option, for shares of CapitalSource's common stock and entitle the holders to receive dividends as if they held outstanding shares of CapitalSource's common stock. In connection with this transaction,
CapitalSource issued 1.3 million shares of its common stock and reserved an additional 2.5 million shares for any future exchange of the non-managing member units. The
non-managing member units are shown as noncontrolling interests in our combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. In connection with the acquisition, CapitalSource
assumed loans previously made on the properties and recorded a loss of $2.5 million upon extinguishment of the related debt based upon the fair value of debt recorded. As of June 30,
2008, 653,575 non-managing member units were outstanding. Of these units, 200,000 units were redeemed subsequent to June 30, 2008. After completion of this offering, we will be
required to fund the payment to the holders of the outstanding non-managing member units of amounts equal to the per share dividends, if any, declared by CapitalSource on its common stock.
In addition, we will be required to fund the redemption price, which is based on the value of a share of CapitalSource common stock at the date of redemption, upon redemption of any such unit. We may
purchase call options or enter into other derivative instruments based on CapitalSource stock to hedge these potential obligations.
62
$7.7 million.
Ten of the facilities, located in Indiana, Massachusetts, Ohio and Tennessee with 1,574 licensed beds, are operated under a master lease for an initial term of ten years. The ten
facilities are subject to an annual escalation of 2.5%. The eleventh facility, located in Colorado with 180 licensed beds, is operated under a lease agreement with an initial term of five years.
FACTORS AFFECTING OUR BUSINESS AND THE BUSINESS OF OUR OPERATORS
The continued success of our business is dependent on a number of macroeconomic and industry trends. Many of these trends will influence our ongoing ability to find suitable investment properties while other factors will impact our operators' ability to conduct their operations profitably and meet their obligations to us.
Industry trends
One of the primary trends affecting our business is the long-term increase in the average age of the U.S. population. This increase in life expectancy is expected to be a primary driver for growth in the healthcare and SNF industries. We believe this demographic trend is resulting in an increased demand for services provided to the elderly. We believe that the low cost healthcare setting of a SNF will benefit our operators and facilities in relation to higher-cost healthcare providers. We believe that these trends will support a growing demand for the services provided by SNF operators, which in turn will support a growing demand for our properties.
The growth in demand for services provided to the elderly has resulted in an increase in healthcare spending. According to the 2007 National Health Expenditures forecast published by CMS, healthcare spending in the United States is projected to grow at an average annual growth rate of approximately 6.7% through 2017. As a percentage of gross domestic product, or GDP, healthcare spending is projected to increase by over 3% to 19.5% of GDP in 2017 with an expected spending level of over $4.3 trillion. CMS also projects that national nursing home expenditures will grow from $124.9 billion in 2006 to $217.5 billion in 2017, representing a 5.2% CAGR.
Competitive environment for healthcare real estate investing
We compete with other public and private companies who structure triple-net leases with operators of varying types of healthcare properties. While the overall landscape for healthcare finance is competitive, we believe there has been a trend in our industry over the last few years of companies pursuing large portfolio transactions. In addition, we believe our industry has also experienced a trend over the last few years of companies seeking to diversify into other asset classes and away from SNFs. In contrast, we have focused, and will continue to focus, on transactions with small and middle market operators, primarily involving SNFs. CapitalSource has experience identifying and underwriting the abilities of local, regional and national operators. We believe that this experience helps us identify new operator relationships and create new opportunities with existing relationships that fall below the radar of other providers of capital. We believe that our continued focus on SNFs has enabled us to develop broad expertise in the markets in which we compete.
63
Liquidity and access to capital
We anticipate that our single largest cash-based expense will be the interest expense we incur on our debt obligations. To continue to expand our portfolio, we will rely on access to the capital markets on an ongoing basis. Our indebtedness outstanding upon consummation of this offering will be comprised principally of our mortgage debt.
Our indebtedness outstanding upon consummation of this offering will be comprised principally of our mortgage debt. At the closing of this offering, we do not anticipate that we will have made any draws, other than to pay closing costs and related fees, on our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility that we expect to enter into prior to the consummation of this offering with affiliates of certain of the underwriters. To the extent this facility is available to us, we believe it, and our cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to sustain our capital requirements for the next 18 to 24 months.
Factors affecting our operators' profitability
Our revenues are derived from rents we receive from triple-net leases with our operators. Certain economic factors present both opportunities and risks to our operators and, therefore, influence their ability to meet their obligations to us. These factors directly affect our operators' operations and, given our reliance on their performance under our leases, present risks to us that may affect our results of operations or ability to meet our financial obligations.
Our operators' revenues are largely derived from third-party sources. Therefore, we indirectly rely on these same third-party sources to obtain our rents. The majority of these third-party payments come from the federal Medicare program and state Medicaid programs. Our operators also receive payments from other third-party sources, such as private insurance companies or private-pay residents, but these payments typically represent a small portion of our operators' revenue streams. The sources and amounts of our operators' revenues are determined by a number of factors, including licensed bed capacity, occupancy rates, the acuity profile of residents and the rate of reimbursement. Changes in the acuity profile of the residents as well as the mix among payor types, including private pay, Medicare and Medicaid, may significantly affect our operators' profitability and, in turn, their ability to meet their obligations to us. Managing, billing and successfully collecting third-party payments is a relatively complex activity that requires significant experience and is critical to the successful operation of a SNF.
Labor and related expenses typically represent our operators' largest cost component. Therefore, the labor markets in which our operators operate affect their ability to operate in a cost efficient manner and profitably. In order for our operators to be successful, they must possess the management capability to attract and maintain skilled and motivated workforces. Much of the required labor needed to operate a SNF requires specific technical experience and education. In recent years, many of the markets in which we own properties have experienced skilled labor shortages. These trends can require our operators to increase their payroll costs to attract labor and adequately staff their operations. Increases in labor costs due to higher wages and greater employee benefits required to attract and retain qualified personnel could affect our operators' ability to meet their obligations to us. A successful operator must be able to source qualified skilled labor and minimize staff turnover, as high turnover rates can sometimes challenge their ability to operate effectively and profitably.
While our revenues are generated from the rents our operators pay to us, we seek to establish our rent at an appropriate level so that our operators are able to succeed. This requires discipline to ensure that we do not overpay for the properties we acquire. While we operate in a competitive environment, we carefully assess the long-term risks facing our operators as we consider an investment. Because our leases are long-term arrangements, we are required to assess both the short and long-term capital needs of the properties we acquire. SNFs are generally highly specialized real estate assets. We believe we have developed broad expertise in assessing the short and long-term needs of this asset class.
64
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our combined financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and judgments about future events that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and the related disclosures. We base estimates on our experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions or other matters had been different, it is possible that different accounting would have been applied, resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. From time to time, we re-evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current estimates and assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. We believe that the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect our more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements. For more information regarding our critical accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our accompanying audited combined financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Operating Lease Income Recognition
We lease our direct real estate investments through long-term, triple-net operating leases that typically include fixed rental payments, subject to escalation over the life of the lease. We recognize operating lease income on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease when collectibility is reasonably assured.
For straight-line rent, we generally record reserves against revenues from leases when collection is uncertain or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators result in significant uncertainty regarding ultimate collection. The amount of the reserve is estimated based on what management believes will likely be collected. We continually evaluate the collectibility of our straight-line rent assets. If it appears that we will not collect future rent due under our leases, we will record a provision for loss related to the straight-line rent asset.
We do not recognize any revenue on contingent rents until payments are received and all contingencies have been eliminated.
Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
We allocate the purchase price of our real estate investments to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired, primarily lease intangibles, based on their estimated fair values. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. When valuing the acquired properties, we do not include the value of any in-place leases. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
In assessing lease intangibles, we recognize above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired operating leases based on the present value of the difference between: (1) the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the leases negotiated and in-place at the time of acquisition of the facilities; and (2) management's estimate of fair market lease rates for the facility or equivalent facility, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. Factors to be considered for lease intangibles also include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical lease-up periods, market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. The capitalized above-market or
65
below-market lease values are classified as intangible assets, net, and lease obligations, net, respectively, and are amortized to operating lease income over the remaining non-cancelable term of each lease.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We assess our real estate investments and the related intangible assets for impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Our assessment of the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as, but not limited to, market conditions, operator performance and legal structure. If we determine that indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the related real estate investments in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying facilities. Provisions for impairment losses related to long-lived assets may be recognized when expected future undiscounted cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying values of the assets. An adjustment is made to the net carrying value of the leased properties and other long-lived assets for the excess over their estimated fair value. The fair value of the real estate investment is determined by market research, which includes valuing the property as a healthcare facility as well as other alternative uses. All impairments are taken as a period cost at that time, and depreciation is adjusted going forward to reflect the new value assigned to the asset.
If we decide to sell a real estate investment, we evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amounts of the assets. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from estimated net sales proceeds, the property is written down to estimated fair value less costs to sell. Our estimates of cash flows and fair values of the properties are based on current market conditions and consider matters such as rental rates and occupancies for comparable properties, recent sales data for comparable properties, and, where applicable, contracts or the results of negotiations with purchasers or prospective purchasers.
Loans and Other Amounts Receivable from Third Parties
We evaluate the collectibility of loans and other amounts receivable from third parties based on a number of factors, including (i) corporate and facility-level financial and operations reports, (ii) compliance with the financial covenants set forth in the loan agreement, (iii) the financial stability of the applicable borrower or operator and any guarantor and (iv) the payment history of the borrower or operator. Our level of reserves, if any, for loans and other amounts receivable from third parties fluctuates depending upon all of these factors.
Income Tax
Since we operated within qualified REIT subsidiaries of CapitalSource (and hence were not subject to federal income taxes), and as we intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with the year ended December 31, 2008, our historical combined financial statements do not include any provision for federal income tax. We still may be subject to state and local taxation in various state and local jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside. In addition, we intend to form a TRS to hold a $100 million portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. To the extant a TRS is formed and generates income, it would pay federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its taxable income at the applicable corporate rates. As a result, our financial statements after this offering will include a provision for income tax expense relating to the taxable income of our TRS. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, all of our taxable income for that year would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates, including any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, we also will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless we were entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions.
66
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of the combined results of operations of CapitalSource's healthcare net lease segment and the $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan as carved out of the accounts of CapitalSource and as though the combined healthcare net lease segment and loan interest had been a separate, stand-alone public company for the respective periods presented.
Discussion of Revenue, Expenses and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Revenues
Revenues consist of rents we collect from operators as stipulated in our long-term triple-net leases as well as interest and fee income earned on the Genesis mezzanine loan. Additionally, as required under GAAP, we recognize certain non-cash revenue due to straight-lining of rent as well as amortization of lease intangibles. While not a significant component of revenue, we also earn interest on overnight deposits.
Certain of our leases provide for periodic and determinable increases in base rent. Base rental revenues under these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease. We recognize operating lease income on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease when collectibility is reasonably assured. Recognizing rental income on a straight-line basis results in recognized revenue exceeding cash amounts contractually due from our operators during the first half of the term for leases that have straight-line treatment.
Certain of our other leases provide for an annual increase in rental payments only if certain revenue parameters or other contingencies are met. We recognize the increased rental revenue under these leases only if the revenue parameters or other contingencies are met rather than on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease.
Expenses
We recognize a variety of cash and non-cash charges in our financial statements. Our expenses consist primarily of depreciation expense and the interest expense we incur as well as general and administrative costs associated with operating our business.
Prior to completion of this offering, certain management, administrative and operational services of CapitalSource were shared among us and other CapitalSource segments. For purposes of financial statement presentation, the costs for these shared services have been allocated to us based on actual direct costs incurred, or allocated based on the value of real estate and loan assets. See Note 9, Related Party Transactions, to our audited combined financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional information about these allocations. CapitalSource's management believes that the allocations are reasonable. However, actual expenses may have been materially different from the allocated expenses if we had operated as an unaffiliated stand-alone entity. Going forward, we will incur expenses in the form of the management fee and other costs we expect to incur as a public company.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. To overcome these problems, we consider FFO an appropriate performance measure for a public REIT. We use the NAREIT definition of FFO. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means net income, computed in accordance
67
with GAAP, exclusive of gains (or losses) from sales of real estate, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
We believe that FFO, viewed as a supplemental measure to (and not as a replacement of) the GAAP measures contained in the Statements of Operations and Statement of Cash Flows, provides additional information about our operating performance by eliminating certain GAAP components of net income. FFO as presented herein is not necessarily comparable to FFO presented by other real estate companies due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definition. Although we use the NAREIT definition, FFO as we report it may not, however, be directly comparable to FFO as reported by other healthcare REITs, including those that use the NAREIT definition because we record a high amount of straight-line rent and no adjustment has been made in our calculation of FFO to eliminate the impact of straight-line rent. However, management believes that FFO is similar to performance measures presented by other REITs, and provides a useful comparison to determine our performance relative to other REITs.
FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance, nor is FFO necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs including distributions. FFO is not a financial measure recognized under GAAP and is unaudited for all periods presented. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our combined historical operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income as presented in the combined financial statements and data included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to three months ended June 30, 2007
The following table reflects the results of operations and our operating performance for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and the three months ended June 30, 2007.
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change | ||||||||||||||
|
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
% |
|||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 27,441 | $ | 21,787 | $ | 5,654 | 26 | % | |||||||
Interest and fee income |
4,467 | 148 | 4,319 | 2,918 | % | ||||||||||
Total revenues |
31,908 | 21,935 | 9,973 | 45 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
9,921 | 11,638 | (1,717 | ) | (15 | )% | |||||||||
Depreciation |
8,990 | 7,378 | 1,612 | 22 | % | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,388 | 2,198 | 190 | 9 | % | ||||||||||
Total Expenses |
21,299 | 21,214 | 85 | * | |||||||||||
Income before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
10,609 |
721 |
9,888 |
1,371 |
% |
||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
105 | | 105 | ** | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(392 | ) | (1,201 | ) | 809 | (67 | )% | ||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 10,322 | $ | (480 | ) | $ | 10,802 | ** | |||||||
FFO |
$ | 19,207 | $ | 6,898 | $ | 12,309 | 178 | % | |||||||
68
The table below reflects the reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods presented.
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 10,322 | $ | (480 | ) | |||
Adjustments: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate assets |
8,990 | 7,378 | ||||||
Depreciation on real estate assets related to noncontrolling interests |
| | ||||||
Loss (gain) on sale of real estate assets |
(105 | ) | | |||||
FFO |
19,207 | 6,898 |
The following is a discussion of the combined statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007.
Net Income (loss)
Net income increased by $10.8 million from a loss of $0.5 million from the three months ended June 30, 2007 to net income of $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. The increase in net income is a result of an increase in revenue of $10.0 million. The components of this increase in revenue are more fully explained below. Additionally, noncontrolling interests expense decreased by $0.8 million.
Operating Lease Income
Operating lease income increased by $5.6 million or 26% from $21.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $27.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. Approximately $4.6 million of this increase was due to increased rental income from acquisitions in the second quarter of 2007. An additional $1.0 million of the increase was due to intangible lease amortization. We acquired a large portfolio in June 2007 (see "Key Transactions" above) that has a significant intangible lease obligation. The impact of this intangible lease obligation was a net increase in operating lease income.
Interest and Fee Income
Interest and fee income increased by $4.3 million from $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. Of this increase, $4.3 million was due to interest and fees earned on our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan that was originated in July 2007, and $0.1 million was due to the increased interest on cash on deposits in various cash accounts.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased by $1.7 million or 15% from $11.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $9.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. The decrease reflects the decrease in LIBOR, partially offset by increased borrowings due to our increased asset base.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense increased by $1.6 million or 22% from $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $9.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. Approximately
69
$1.2 million of this increase related to depreciation on real property assets as a result of acquisitions in 2007 and $0.4 million of this increase was due to depreciation on personal property as a result of continued asset growth in 2007.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased by $0.2 million from $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. The increase reflects the increased allocation from our parent company due to an increase in our asset base.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
FFO increased by $12.3 million or 178% from $6.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 to $19.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. The increase was driven by increased net income and depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2008. Both of these reflect the increased asset base for the three months ended June 30, 2008. No depreciation expense is attributed to our noncontrolling interests because holders of these interests do not have ownership rights in, or claims to, any real property assets.
Six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to six months ended June 30, 2007
The following table reflects the results of our operations and our operating performance for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change | ||||||||||||||
|
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
% |
|||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 54,150 | $ | 41,454 | $ | 12,696 | 31 | % | |||||||
Interest and fee income |
9,418 | 333 | 9,085 | 2,728 | % | ||||||||||
Total revenues |
63,568 | 41,787 | 21,781 | 52 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
20,921 | 20,806 | 115 | * | |||||||||||
Depreciation |
17,959 | 14,127 | 3,832 | 27 | % | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
5,046 | 5,017 | 29 | * | |||||||||||
Total expenses |
43,926 | 39,950 | 3,976 | 10 | % | ||||||||||
Income before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
19,642 |
1,837 |
17,805 |
969 |
% |
||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
105 | | 105 | ** | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(1,545 | ) | (2,553 | ) | 1,008 | (39 | )% | ||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 18,202 | $ | (716 | ) | $ | 18,918 | ** | |||||||
FFO |
$ | 36,056 | $ | 13,411 | $ | 22,645 | 169 | % | |||||||
70
The table below reflects the reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods presented.
|
Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 18,202 | $ | (716 | ) | |||
Adjustments: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate assets |
17,959 | 14,127 | ||||||
Depreciation on real estate assets related to noncontrolling interests |
| | ||||||
Loss (gain) on sale of real estate assets |
(105 | ) | | |||||
FFO |
36,056 | 13,411 | ||||||
The following is a discussion of the combined statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
Net Income (loss)
Net income increased by $18.9 million from a loss of $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to net income of $18.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The increase in net income is a result of an increase in revenue by $21.8 million. The components of this increase in revenue are more fully explained below. The increase was partly offset by an increase of $4.0 million in total expenses. The components of this increase in expenses are more fully explained below.
Operating Lease Income
Operating lease income increased by $12.7 million or 31% from $41.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $54.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Approximately $10.1 million of this increase was due to increased rental income from acquisitions in the second and third quarters of 2007 as well as the second quarter of 2008. An additional $0.7 million of this increase was due to escalations in contractual rental income. Finally, the remaining $1.9 million was due to intangible lease amortization. We acquired a large portfolio in June 2007 (see "Key Transactions" above) that has a significant intangible lease obligation. The impact of this intangible lease obligation was a net increase in operating lease income.
Interest and Fee Income
Interest and fee income increased by $9.1 million from $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $9.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Substantially all of the increase was due to interest and fees earned on our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan that was originated in July 2007.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $0.1 million from $20.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $20.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The increase reflects increased borrowings due to our increased asset base. However, in the same period 30-day LIBOR declined significantly. The increase in interest expense would have been significantly higher if 30-day LIBOR had remained at the same level.
71
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense increased by $3.8 million or 27% from $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $18.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Approximately $2.7 million of this increase related to depreciation on real property assets and $1.1 million was due to depreciation on personal property as a result of acquisitions in 2007.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
FFO increased by $22.7 million or 169% from $13.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $36.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in operating lease income of $12.7 million, an increase in interest and fee income of $9.1 million, and a decrease of $1.0 million in noncontrolling interest expense. No depreciation expense is attributed to our noncontrolling interests because holders of these interests do not have ownership rights in or claims to, any real property assets.
Year ended December 31, 2007 compared to year ended December 31, 2006
The following table reflects the results of our operations and our operating performance measures for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change | ||||||||||||||
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
($ in thousands) |
% |
||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease income | $ | 95,191 | $ | 30,380 | $ | 64,811 | 213 | % | |||||||
Interest and fee income | 10,805 | 194 | 10,611 | 5,470 | % | ||||||||||
Total revenues | 105,996 | 30,574 | 75,422 | 247 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 46,262 | 13,373 | 32,889 | 246 | % | ||||||||||
Depreciation | 31,955 | 11,464 | 20,491 | 179 | % | ||||||||||
General and administrative | 10,460 | 3,809 | 6,651 | 175 | % | ||||||||||
Loss on impairment of assets | 1,225 | | 1,225 | | |||||||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment | | 2,497 | (2,497 | ) | (100 | )% | |||||||||
Total expenses | 89,902 | 31,143 | 58,759 | 189 | % | ||||||||||
Income (loss) before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense | 16,094 | (569 | ) | 16,663 | ** | ||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate | 156 | | 156 | ** | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense | (4,951 | ) | (4,711 | ) | (240 | ) | 5 | % | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 11,299 | $ | (5,280 | ) | $ | 16,579 | ** | |||||||
FFO | $ | 43,098 | $ | 6,184 | $ | 36,914 | 597 | % | |||||||
72
The table below reflects the reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods presented.
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | ||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 11,299 | $ | (5,280 | ) | |||
Adjustments: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate assets |
31,955 | 11,464 | ||||||
Depreciation on real estate assets related to noncontrolling interests |
| | ||||||
Loss (gain) on sale of real estate assets |
(156 | ) | | |||||
FFO |
$ | 43,098 | $ | 6,184 | ||||
The following is a discussion of the combined statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
Net Income (loss)
Net income increased by $16.6 million from a loss of $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to income of $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in net income is a result of an increase in revenue of $75 million. The components of this increase in revenue are more fully explained below. The increase was partly offset by an increase of $58.8 million in total expenses. The components of this increase in expenses are more fully explained below.
Operating Lease Income
Operating lease income increased by $64.8 million or 213% from $30.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $95.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. $65.1 million of this increase is due to increased rental income from properties acquired in 2007 and a full year impact of the properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was partially offset due to higher intangible lease amortization of $0.5 million in 2007 from $0.2 million in 2006.
Interest and Fee Income
Interest and fee income increased by $10.6 million to $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Of this increase, $10.0 million was due to interest and fees earned on our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan that was originated in July 2007. The remaining $0.6 million was due to the increased interest on cash on deposits in various cash accounts.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $32.9 million or 246% from $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $46.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The majority of this increase reflects increased borrowings as allocated from CapitalSource due to our increased asset base. The decrease in 30-day LIBOR was not significant until the last quarter of 2007. We believe that the increase in interest expense would have been higher if 30-day LIBOR had remained at the same level in all of 2007.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense increased by $20.5 million or 179% from $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $32.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Of this increase,
73
$16.4 million was due to depreciation on real property assets and $4.1 million of this increase was due to depreciation on personal property as a result of asset growth in 2007.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased by $6.7 million or 175% from $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Of this amount, $4.5 million was a direct result of increased allocation of general and administrative expenses due to increased asset base. Another $1.7 million represents legal and professional fees incurred for our mortgage debt that could not be capitalized as they represented a modification and not the initial closing of the mortgage debt.
Loss on Impairment of Assets
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized a $1.2 million impairment related to one of our SNFs.
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded a loss of $2.5 million upon extinguishment of the debt related to our first transaction (as more fully described in "Key Transactions"), based upon the amounts paid in connection with the prepayment fees relative to the fair value of debt recorded.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
FFO increased by $36.9 million or 597% from $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $43.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in operating lease income of $64.8 million and an increase in interest and fee income of $10.6 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense and general and administrative expense, all of which reflect the increased asset base for the year ended December 31, 2007. No depreciation expense is attributed to our noncontrolling interests because holders of these interests do not have ownership rights in, or claims to, any real property assets.
RISK MANAGEMENT
The objective of our risk management approach is to support achievement of our business strategies while maintaining appropriate risk levels. Our asset/liability management process focuses on a variety of risks, including interest rate risk, concentration risk, and credit risk. Effective management of these risks is an important determinant of the absolute levels and variability of FFO and net worth. The following discussion addresses our integrated management of assets and liabilities.
Market Risk
We receive a significant portion of our revenue by leasing our assets under long-term triple-net leases in which the rental rate is generally fixed with annual escalators, subject to certain limitations. We also earn revenue from our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. We anticipate our revolving credit facility will bear interest at a variable rate with a spread over 30-day LIBOR. Additionally, approximately $276.6 million of our existing mortgage debt bears interest at a spread over 30-day LIBOR.
The general fixed nature of our assets subject to long-term triple-net leases and the variable nature of the bulk of our indebtedness creates interest rate risk. If interest rates were to rise significantly, our lease and other revenue might not be sufficient to enable us to meet our debt obligations. In July 2007,
74
we entered into an interest rate cap on the $276.6 million variable rate mortgage debt with a 30-day LIBOR strike price of 6.75%. The cap expires in March 2009.
We may engage in hedging strategies in the future, depending on management's analysis of the interest rate environment and the costs and risks of such strategies. We do not anticipate purchasing derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
Concentration Risk
We evaluate our concentration risk in terms of investment mix and geographic mix. Investment mix measures the portion of our real estate owned investments (based on contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008) that relate to our various property types. Geographic mix measures the portion of our real estate owned investments (based on contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008) that relates to various states. The following table reflects concentration risk for 2007 and 2006:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Investment Mix: |
||||||||
Skilled Nursing Facilities |
97.9 | % | 97.8 | % | ||||
Assisted Living Facilities |
1.0 | % | 0.6 | % | ||||
Long Term Acute Care |
1.1 | % | 1.6 | % | ||||
Geographic Mix: |
||||||||
Florida |
37.4 | % | 43.4 | % | ||||
Texas |
16.4 | % | 6.6 | % | ||||
Tennessee |
9.7 | % | 4.2 | % | ||||
Indiana |
6.4 | % | 8.1 | % | ||||
Mississippi |
3.9 | % | 4.4 | % | ||||
Remaining states |
26.2 | % | 33.3 | % |
Credit Risk
The financial condition of our operators and borrowers and their ability to meet our rent obligations or interest payments will largely determine our revenues and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. In addition, any failure by operators or borrowers to effectively conduct their operations could have a material adverse effect on their business reputation or on their ability to enlist and maintain patients in their facilities. The inability or unwillingness to satisfy their obligations under their agreements with us could significantly harm us and our ability to service our indebtedness and other obligations and to make distributions to our shareholders as required for us to continue to qualify as a REIT. The following table highlights our five largest operator groups or
75
borrower based on all sources of the contractual revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2008 (including the interest income from our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan):
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in thousands) | % | ||||||
Customer Mix: |
||||||||
FC-Gen Acquisition, Inc. |
$ | 9,057 | 15.4 | % | ||||
Delta Health Group |
6,619 | 11.2 | % | |||||
Florida Institute for Long Term Care |
6,195 | 10.5 | % | |||||
New Bell Facilities Services, L.P. |
5,553 | 9.4 | % | |||||
TenInOne Acquisition Group, LLC |
3,841 | 6.5 | % | |||||
Remaining portfolio (37 operator groups) |
27,606 | 47.0 | % | |||||
Total Portfolio |
$ | 58,871 | 100.0 | % | ||||
We regularly monitor our credit risk under our lease agreements with our operators by, among other things, evaluating two key metrics that we believe best portray each operator's ability to pay rent to us. Using financial information reported to us, we monitor for each lease (1) the ratio of facilities' annualized NOI before management fees to annualized contractual rental income and (2) the ratio of facilities' annualized NOI after management fees to annualized contractual rental income. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, the ratios of NOI before and after management fees were 2.2x and 1.5x, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
During 2007 and 2006 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008, our principal sources of liquidity were borrowings under mortgage debt, as more fully described below, and loans made by and equity contributions received from CapitalSource in connection with our activities while we operated within CapitalSource's Healthcare Net Lease reporting segment. Our liquidity is expected to be provided from cash flows from operations, secured mortgage loans, borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility and offerings of common shares. Further, we anticipate that cash flows from operations over the next twelve months will be adequate to fund our business operations, distributions to shareholders and debt amortization.
We intend to continue to fund future investments through cash flows from operations, borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, assumption of indebtedness, disposition of assets (in whole or in part through joint venture arrangements with third parties) and issuances of secured or unsecured long-term debt, equity or other securities. We believe that our cash flows from operations and borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility will provide sufficient liquidity to satisfy our short- and long-term capital requirements.
Revolving Credit Facility
We have commitments of $290 million in connection with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, which we expect to be in place upon consummation of this offering. Banc of America Securities LLC and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., underwriters of this offering, are serving as joint lead arrangers of the facility, and an affiliate of Banc of America Securities LLC will serve as administrative agent. After the initial closing of the credit facility, the total commitment on the facility may be increased to $550 million at our option through the addition of new banks or commitment increases by existing banks. The facility permits us to issue up to $25 million in the form of letters of credit. The facility will mature in three years from the closing of the credit facility, subject to a one-year extension option that we may exercise under certain circumstances.
76
Pursuant to the terms of our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, at our option, each advance of loan proceeds will accrue interest on the basis of a base rate or on the basis of one-month, two-month, three-month or six-month LIBOR, plus in either case, a margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio at the time each loan is made. The base rate is the higher of Bank of America's announced prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.50%. We also will pay unused fees in an amount equal to 0.50% of the unused portion of the facility on a quarterly basis until such time as the average daily usage of the facility for any fiscal quarter exceeds 50%, at which time the unused fee will be reduced to 0.35% of the actual daily unused portion of the facility during such quarter. The applicable margin for base rate advances will be between 1.00% and 1.50%, and the applicable margin for LIBOR advances and letters of credit fee will be between 2.50% and 3.00%. Interest will be payable at the end of each applicable interest period or quarterly in arrears, if earlier.
The facility will be secured by a lien on a pool of properties we designate, the improvements, fixtures, equipment and other personal property related to those properties and assignment of leases, rents and sale or refinancing proceeds we receive in respect of the pledged assets. We will pledge the equity of our subsidiaries which own the properties comprising the collateral pool.
Our
borrowing availability under the facility will be the lesser of:
The facility also will require us to comply with various financial and non-financial covenants customary for similar senior secured revolving credit facilities, as described below under "Covenants."
There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this facility on terms that are consistent with those descibed above.
Mortgage Debt
In December 2006, we entered into a $287.2 million loan agreement with Column Financial, Inc. ("Column"), to finance the acquisition of 66 healthcare properties. Under the terms of this agreement, we were required to make constant monthly payments of principal and interest based upon a 25-year amortization of principal and an interest rate fixed at 7.25% until December 28, 2006, and thereafter at a fixed rate equal to the 10-year US Treasury swap rate plus 1.90%. In March 2007, we amended this loan agreement to, among other things, modify the interest rate to 30-Day LIBOR plus 1.85% and change the maturity date from January 11, 2017 to April 9, 2009, with three one-year extensions at our option and without additional cost. We have notified the lenders of our intention to exercise our right to extend the maturity date until April 9, 2010. On July 31, 2007, we further modified this loan agreement to divide the loan into a senior $250.0 million senior loan and a $36.1 million mezzanine loan. The interest rate under the senior loan is 30-Day LIBOR plus 1.54% and the interest rate under the mezzanine loan is 30-Day LIBOR plus 4% (with the effect that the weighted average interest rate under the two loans taken together is unchanged after the modification). As of June 30, 2008, 65 properties, with a net book value of $358.0 million, collateralize this mortgage debt.
77
As of June 30, 2008, 11 properties are encumbered by an aggregate of approximately $56.4 million of long-term financing obtained from Highland Mortgage Company which is guaranteed by HUD, and bears interest at a weighted average rate of 6.61%. As of June 30, 2008, 11 properties, with a total carrying value of $99.5 million, collateralize this mortgage debt.
Term Debt
In November 2006, in connection with the property acquisition described above under "Key Transactions," we entered into five $4.0 million junior subordinated unsecured seller notes. The term of the notes is 15 years, and interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 9%. A subsidiary of CapitalSource will remain a co-borrower under these junior subordinated notes.
Covenants
Our mortgage and other secured debt requires us to comply with various financial and other covenants. The terms of the Column mortgage debt described above subject us to financial covenants requiring that the rents and net operating income received from, or produced by, the encumbered properties exceed the debt service required on that debt by specified amounts over specified measurement periods. If we are not in compliance with these specified financial covenants and coverage tests, our lenders are permitted to retain any proceeds generated by the encumbered assets that would otherwise be suitable for distribution. In addition, we have agreed in this same mortgage financing that we will, and we will act to ensure that our operators also will, conduct their businesses in material compliance with all applicable legal requirements, including applicable healthcare laws and regulations. CapitalSource is the guarantor of certain of our obligations in this financing and is required to maintain a net worth of at least $500 million. For so long as this financing remains outstanding, we have agreed with CapitalSource to maintain a net worth of $500 million and to limit our leverage to less than 60% of our total asset value, and we may not amend the terms of this financing without CapitalSource's consent.
In addition, we expect the terms of our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility will require us to comply with additional financial and other covenants, including covenants
that:
In addition, the proposed terms of the credit facility are expected to provide that termination of the management agreement will cause a default under the facility unless our lenders consent to alternative arrangements. Changes in control also may cause the amounts outstanding under the credit facility to become immediately due and payable.
As of June 30, 2008, on a pro forma basis, our leverage as a percentage of total assets was 28.6%, and our fixed charge coverage ratio for the six months ending June 30, 2008 was 4.4 to 1.0. These covenants may interfere with our ability to obtain financing or to engage in other business activities, which may inhibit our ability to grow our business and increase revenues. If we or CapitalSource fail to comply with any of these requirements, then the related indebtedness, and any other debt containing cross-default or cross-acceleration rights for our lenders, could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we could pay all of our debt if it became due, or that we could continue in that instance to make distributions to our shareholders and maintain our REIT qualification.
Dividends
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must make annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gain).
We expect that REIT taxable income will be less than cash flow due to the allowance of depreciation and other non-cash deductions in computing REIT taxable income. Although we anticipate that we generally will have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement, it is possible that from time to time we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the 90% distribution requirement or we may decide to retain cash or distribute such greater amount as may be necessary to avoid income and excise taxation. If we do not have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement, or if we desire to retain cash, we may borrow funds, issue additional equity securities, pay taxable dividends in our common shares, if possible, distribute other property or securities or engage in a transaction intended to enable us to meet the REIT distribution requirements.
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures to maintain and improve our triple-net leased properties generally will be incurred by our operators. Accordingly, we do not believe that we will incur any major expenditures in connection with these triple-net leased properties. After the terms of the triple-net leases expire, or in the event that the operators are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations under the triple-net leases, we anticipate that any expenditures relating to the maintenance of these triple-net leased properties for which we may become responsible will be funded by cash flows from operations or through additional borrowings. To the extent that unanticipated expenditures or significant borrowings are required, our liquidity may be affected adversely. Our ability to borrow funds may be restricted in certain circumstances by the terms of our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility and our existing $276.6 milion of mortgage indebtedness.
78
Components of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operations are derived largely from net income, adjusted for straight-line rent, cash collected that was billed in prior periods and depreciation. We intend on making distributions based largely from cash provided by operations.
Cash used in investing activities consists of cash that was used during the period for the purposes of making new investments both in real property and loan advances.
Cash provided by financing activities consists of cash we received from issuance of debt and equity contributions from CapitalSource which, historically, have satisfied our requirements for working capital and other corporate purposes. This cash provided the primary basis for the investments in new properties or for loan advances. We expect that, following the completion of this offering, we will continue to fund future investments through cash flows from operations, borrowings under our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, assumption of indebtedness, disposition of assets (in whole or in part through joint venture arrangements with third parties) and issuance of secured or unsecured long-term debt, equity or other securities.
Cash Flows
Our primary sources of cash include rent and interest receipts, borrowings, and proceeds from sale of real property as well as loans and equity contributions from CapitalSource. CapitalSource is not required to provide any funding to us or guarantee any future indebtedness in the future. Our primary uses of cash include debt service payments, real estate property acquisitions, loan advances and general and administrative expenses. These sources and uses of cash are reflected in our combined statements of cash flow and are discussed in further detail below.
Six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to six months ended June 30, 2007
Cash provided by operations increased by $12.6 million from $15.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $28.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008. The increase was due to increased net income as more fully described above partially offset by a decrease in liabilities and increase in straight line receivables.
Cash used in investing activities decreased from $253.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $1.7 million of cash provided for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The decrease in cash used reflects the higher acquisition activity in 2007 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2008, as more fully described in "Key Transactions" above.
Cash from financing activities decreased from cash provided from our parent of $244.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 to cash distributed to our parent of $36.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008. The change from contributions to distributions reflects the asset acquisitions in 2007 as more fully described in "Key Transactions" above.
Year ended December 31, 2007 compared to year ended December 31, 2006
Cash used in operations increased by $93.3 million from $10.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2006 to $103.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was due to cash used to fund the Genesis mezzanine loan. The increase was partially offset by an increase in net income. This increase was due to increased investments in 2007 and a large number of acquisitions that happened in the latter half of 2006 that had a full year's impact in 2007.
Cash used in investing activities decreased by $247.4 million from $513.7 million in 2006 to $266.3 million in 2007. This decrease was largely due to a decrease in investment activity in 2007 as
79
compared to the prior period. An additional $5 million of this decrease was due to sale of real estate in 2007.
Cash provided from financing activities decreased by $150.9 million from $530.3 million in 2006 to $379.4 million in 2007. This decrease was largely reflective of the decreased investment activity in 2007 when compared to 2006.
Contractual Obligations
We are not a party to any other material noncancelable commitments beyond our management agreement and our long-term debt obligations. Under the terms of the management agreement, our manager will receive an annual base management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of our average gross invested assets. Gross invested assets is defined as net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which our balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP.
The following table summarizes the effect that our long-term debt obligations (which includes principal and interest payments) are expected to have on our cash flow in future periods as of December 31, 2007. The table below excludes $248 million in related party debt owed to CapitalSource that has been or will be repaid in connection with the contribution of our initial assets. Amounts payable under the management agreement are not included in the table below because such amounts are not fixed and determinable. We are not a party to any material off-balance sheet commitments.
|
Mortgage Debt(1) |
Term Debt |
Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||||
2008 |
$ | 5,117 | $ | | $ | 5,117 | ||||
2009 |
5,491 | | 5,491 | |||||||
2010 |
5,894 | | 5,894 | |||||||
2011 |
6,325 | | 6,325 | |||||||
2012 |
265,127 | | 265,127 | |||||||
Thereafter |
51,347 | 20,000 | 71,347 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 339,301 | $ | 20,000 | $ | 359,301 | ||||
80
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on the Genesis mezzanine loan and certain of our debt. Interest rate risk is sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors that are beyond our control. We may hold derivative instruments to manage our exposure to these risks, and our derivative instruments are expected to be matched against specific debt obligations. The purpose of the following analyses is to provide a framework to understand our sensitivity to hypothetical changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2007. Many of the statements contained in these paragraphs are forward-looking and should be read in conjunction with our disclosures under the heading "Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors."
Part of our initial assets is a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan that was made by CapitalSource as part of the acquisition financing to the entity that acquired Genesis Healthcare Corporation. The Genesis mezzanine loan bears interest at a variable interest rate based on 30-day LIBOR, which is reset monthly.
We utilize debt financing primarily for the purpose of making investments in long-term care facilities. Certain of our acquisitions have involved the assumption of "in-place" long-term fixed rate debt. We have also utilized variable rate mortgage debt to effectuate other acquisitions. We may in the future utilize short-term borrowings under revolving credit facilities that we may obtain to fund future acquisitions. Depending on future market conditions, management may decide to replace variable rate debt with long-term fixed rate debt, or issue common shares to provide long-term financing.
Our future earnings, cash flows and estimated fair values relating to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market rates of interest, such as LIBOR. For our fixed rate debt, changes in interest rates generally affect the fair market value, but do not impact earnings or cash flows. Conversely, for our variable rate debt, changes in interest rates generally do not impact fair market value, but do affect our future earnings and cash flows. Certain of our fixed rate debt is generally not prepayable, either as a result of contractual lockouts or through economically unfavorable prepayment premiums. Therefore, interest rate risk and changes in fair market value should not have a significant impact on such fixed rate debt until we would be required to refinance such debt.
With respect to our variable rate mortgage debt, which is priced based on 30-day LIBOR, each one percentage point increase in 30-day LIBOR would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $2.8 million, annually (assuming for this purpose that such increase did not allow us to benefit from the interest rate cap we have purchased to hedge against the effects of rising market rates on this variable rate debt). With respect to the Genesis mezzanine loan, a one percent increase in 30-day LIBOR would result in an increase in interest income of $1.5 million, annually. Thus, to the extent that both the Genesis mezzanine loan and our variable rate mortgage debt continue to be outstanding concurrently, the net estimated effect would be an approximate $1.3 million reduction of our annual earnings.
The table below details the principal amounts and the average interest rates for the Genesis mezzanine loan and our existing debt for each category based on the final maturity dates as of December 31, 2007. The Genesis mezzanine loan pays interest only with the principal due at maturity, while certain items in the various categories of debt require periodic principal payments prior to the final maturity date. The fair value estimate for the Genesis mezzanine loan is based on the estimates of management and on rates currently prevailing for comparable loans. The fair market value estimates
81
for debt securities are based on discounting future cash flows utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity as of December 31, 2007.
|
Maturity Date | |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Book Value |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
($ in Millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan, net |
$ | 150.9 | $ | 150.9 | $ | 150.9 | $ | 150.9 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150.9 | $ | 150.9 | ||||||||||
Average interest rate |
13.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed rate debt |
$ | 76.7 | $ | 76.1 | $ | 75.4 | $ | 74.7 | $ | 74.0 | $ | 73.1 | $ | 76.7 | $ | 73.5 | ||||||||||
Average interest rate |
7.2 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Variable rate debt |
$ | 284.4 | $ | 279.9 | $ | 275.1 | $ | 269.9 | $ | 264.3 | $ | 0 | $ | 284.4 | $ | 279.6 | ||||||||||
Average interest rate |
6.5 | % |
The book value and fair value at December 31, 2006 of each category presented above was:
|
Total Book Value |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in Millions) |
|||||||
Assets: |
||||||||
Loan, net |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Average interest rate |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Fixed rate debt |
$ | 32.6 | $ | 29.1 | ||||
Average interest rate |
8.0 | % | ||||||
Variable rate debt |
$ | 287.2 | $ | 281.4 | ||||
Average interest rate |
7.1 | % |
The estimated impact of changes in interest rates discussed above are determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing costs, lending rates and other current interest rate indexes from which our financial instruments may be priced. These analyses do not consider the effects of industry specific events, changes in the real estate markets, or other overall economic activities that could increase or decrease the fair value of our financial instruments. If such events or changes were to occur, we would consider taking actions to mitigate and/or reduce any negative exposure to such changes. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no changes in our capital structure.
82
OVERVIEW OF OUR COMPANY
We are a newly organized Maryland real estate investment trust, or REIT, investing in income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities, or SNFs, located in the United States. Upon consummation of this offering, we believe we will own one of the largest portfolios of SNFs in the United States. As of June 30, 2008, our portfolio of properties consisted of 186 facilities located in 23 states and operated by 41 third-party operator groups. Approximately 98% of these facilities are SNFs, with the remainder being either long-term acute care facilities or assisted living facilities, or ALFs. In addition to these properties, we will hold a $150 million interest in a $375 million, five-year mezzanine loan made by CapitalSource in 2007. In this prospectus, we refer to this loan as the Genesis mezzanine loan.
We are managed by CapitalSource Finance LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource Inc., a NYSE-listed, middle market commercial finance, investment and asset management company which will own approximately 66% of our outstanding common shares following this offering. CapitalSource has been a significant lender to middle market healthcare companies since its inception in 2000. CapitalSource commenced its healthcare net lease business in January 2006 and, through June 30, 2008, made approximately $1.1 billion of direct real estate investments, all of which will be contributed to us. We believe that CapitalSource's expertise, knowledge and relationships will enable us to originate, manage and enhance our healthcare-related investments. In addition, we believe that, along with our sale leaseback product, CapitalSource's commercial lending business allows us to offer a broader array of healthcare financing solutions to facility operators than other healthcare REITs. As a result, we expect to see a wider range of quality investment opportunities.
We expect to continue to invest primarily in SNFs. These properties fill an important and growing need in the healthcare industry by offering restorative, rehabilitative and custodial nursing care to seniors and other people not requiring the more extensive treatment available at hospitals. SNFs provide services to residents beyond room and board, including occupational, physical, speech, respiratory and intravenous therapy, wound care, and orthopedic therapy as well as sales of pharmaceutical products and other services, which are generally not available in other forms of senior housing, such as ALFs or independent living facilities, or ILFs. We believe that SNFs represent a highly attractive investment opportunity due to the aging of the United States population, the declining number of nursing homes, barriers to entry for new SNF construction and CapitalSource's in-depth knowledge of the healthcare reimbursement system.
We generate most of our revenues from our ownership of healthcare facilities through long-term triple-net leases with qualified operators. Under a typical triple-net lease, an operator agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment, subject to annual escalations, and all facility operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, as well as make capital improvements. We also generate interest and fee income from our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan.
Three operators individually account for more than 10% of our contractual rental income. The material terms of their leases are as follows: Delta Health Group, the largest of these operators, comprising 13.3% of our contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008, has an initial lease term through May 31, 2022, with two options to renew for a period of five years each. Year-to-date rent through June 30, 2008 was $6.6 million and is subject to an annual escalation of 2.0%. Year-to-date occupancy for Delta Health Group is 87.0% and NOI/contractual rental income is 1.7. Florida Institute of Long Term Care, our second largest operator, comprising 12.4% of our contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008, has an initial lease term through January 31, 2016, with one option to renew for a period of 5 years. Year-to-date rent through June 30, 2008 was $6.2 million and is subject to annual escalation of 3.0% Year-to-date occupancy for Florida Institute of Long Term Care is 84% and NOI/contractual rental income is 1.5. New Bell Facilities
84
Services, L.P., comprising 11.1% of our contractual rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008, has an initial lease term through June 30, 2017, with four options to renew for a period of five years each. Year-to-date rent through June 30, 2008 was $5.6 million, subject to an annual escalation of 2.5% for 32 of the facilities and 2.0% for three facilities and CPI for one other. Year-to-date occupancy for New Bell Facilities Services L.P. is 75.9% and NOI/contractual rental income is 2.0.
We also generate interest and fee income from our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. For the year ended December 31, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008, on a pro forma basis, we generated total revenues of $106.0 million and $63.6 million, net income of $29.1 million and $27.2 million, and funds from operations, or FFO, of $60.9 million and $45.1 million, respectively. We use the NAREIT definition of FFO. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, exclusive of gains (or losses) from sales of real estate, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. FFO is not a financial measure recognized under GAAP and therefore, should not be considered a measure of liquidity, an alternative to net income or an indicator of any other performance measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Like many other REITs, we use FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance, as historical cost accounting for real estate assets assumes that the value of these assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we believe that FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income to facilitate a clear understanding of our combined historical results. For more information with respect to FFO and a reconciliation of FFO to GAAP net income, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
OUR MANAGER
We have a long-term management agreement with a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource. CapitalSource provides senior and subordinate commercial loans, invests in real estate and residential mortgage assets, and engages in asset management and servicing activities. CapitalSource has approximately 94 professionals dedicated to the healthcare industry, including 14 employees focused on healthcare real estate investment origination and 18 portfolio management employees, whose primary focus is healthcare real estate. In addition, our relationship with CapitalSource offers us access to CapitalSource's proprietary asset management database, its unique systems and its disciplined processes for underwriting and monitoring our operators' asset performance. Our officers, who are employees of CapitalSource, have extensive experience investing in healthcare-related assets at CapitalSource and with other healthcare finance companies. Although our officers will not be dedicating all of their time to us, we believe the equity incentives expected to be granted to them in connection with this offering will ensure that their interests are aligned with those of our shareholders.
Under our management agreement, our manager is responsible for administering our business activities and day-to-day operations, including sourcing originations, providing underwriting services and processing approvals for all real estate investments. Our manager also provides administrative, servicing and portfolio management functions with respect to our business and assets. Our manager's well-established operations and services benefit us in each of these areas.
In exchange for these services, we have agreed to pay our manager a management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets for that month. For these purposes, our gross invested assets constitute the sum of our net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus our net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which our balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our manager will use the proceeds from this fee in part to pay compensation to its employees providing services to us who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, will receive no cash compensation directly from us.
85
Pursuant to the management agreement, we will pay all our operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by our manager or its affiliates, including our manager's and its affiliates insurance costs, overhead expenses, information technology costs and the expenses incurred in connection with this offering and our formation. Our manager is also responsible for the employment expenses (including, without limitation, salary, benefits, employment taxes, other wages, bonus and equity incentive plans of it and its affiliates) of its and its affiliates' employees, including our officers and any trustees who are also employees of our manager and its affiliates, but excluding equity incentive compensation provided by us.
On a pro forma basis, we would have paid CapitalSource management fees of approximately $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and approximately $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
We have established a policy designed to minimize potential conflicts of interests with CapitalSource and to allocate investment opportunities between us. Under this policy, we will have the first right to invest in all types of healthcare-related real property that are originated by or presented to CapitalSource through direct acquisitions of healthcare-related real property or equity investments in entities owning healthcare-related real property, and CapitalSource will have the first right to provide mortgage and other debt financing to healthcare-related companies through its commercial finance business. CapitalSource has agreed to give us the first right to purchase all or a part of any syndication of any healthcare-related real estate loan offered by CapitalSource. Our conflicts of interest policy also provides that all pari passu co-investments we make with CapitalSource must be on terms at least as favorable to us as to CapitalSource. All of our investments, regardless of whether originated or sourced by CapitalSource, will require approval of our independent trustees pursuant to our management agreement. For more information on these matters, see "Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with CapitalSource."
OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS
We believe several characteristics distinguish us from our competitors, including:
86
87
OUR ASSETS
Our Portfolio of Properties
As of June 30, 2008, our healthcare net lease portfolio consisted of 186 facilities with 22,179 beds in 23 states leased to 41 third-party operator groups. These facilities, which are principally SNFs, are subject to long-term, triple-net leases.
The following tables summarize information about these properties as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2008:
Operator Diversification
Operator Group
|
Facilities | Beds | Percentage of Contractual Rental Income |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delta Health Group |
17 | 2,186 | 13.3 | % | ||||||
Florida Institute for Long Term Care, LLC |
18 | 2,439 | 12.4 | % | ||||||
New Bell Facilities Services, L.P. |
36 | 4,216 | 11.1 | % | ||||||
TenInOne Acquisition Group, LLC |
10 | 1,574 | 7.7 | % | ||||||
Signature Holdings II, LLC |
10 | 937 | 6.0 | % | ||||||
Other (36 operator groups) |
95 | 10,827 | 49.5 | % | ||||||
Total |
186 | 22,179 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
88
Geographic Diversification
State
|
Facilities | Beds | Percentage of Contractual Rental Income |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida |
59 | 7,302 | 37.1 | % | ||||||
Texas |
46 | 5,517 | 16.2 | % | ||||||
Tennessee |
10 | 1,589 | 9.7 | % | ||||||
Indiana |
14 | 1,392 | 6.4 | % | ||||||
Mississippi |
6 | 634 | 3.9 | % | ||||||
North Carolina |
6 | 682 | 3.3 | % | ||||||
Pennsylvania |
4 | 585 | 2.9 | % | ||||||
Maryland |
3 | 413 | 2.8 | % | ||||||
Nevada |
4 | 468 | 2.3 | % | ||||||
Wisconsin |
5 | 582 | 2.3 | % | ||||||
Ohio |
3 | 349 | 2.1 | % | ||||||
Kentucky |
5 | 344 | 1.7 | % | ||||||
Oklahoma |
5 | 657 | 1.3 | % | ||||||
Massachusetts |
2 | 231 | 1.1 | % | ||||||
Arizona |
2 | 192 | 1.1 | % | ||||||
Kansas |
2 | 108 | 1.1 | % | ||||||
Alabama |
1 | 174 | 1.0 | % | ||||||
Iowa |
1 | 201 | * | |||||||
Colorado |
3 | 283 | * | |||||||
Alaska |
1 | 90 | * | |||||||
Arkansas |
2 | 185 | * | |||||||
New Mexico |
1 | 102 | * | |||||||
California |
1 | 99 | * | |||||||
Total |
186 | 22,179 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Lease Expirations
Year
|
Number of Expiring Leases |
Percentage of Contractual Rental Income |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 |
3 | 1.7 | % | ||||
2009 |
1 | 0.4 | % | ||||
2010 |
2 | 0.9 | % | ||||
2011 |
6 | 6.4 | % | ||||
2012 |
6 | 4.2 | % | ||||
2013 |
5 | 4.1 | % | ||||
2014 |
3 | 1.0 | % | ||||
2015 |
2 | 1.2 | % | ||||
2016 |
9 | 28.8 | % | ||||
2017 |
7 | 21.8 | % | ||||
Thereafter |
19 | 29.5 | % | ||||
Total |
63 | 100.0 | % | ||||
89
Our Loan Asset
Our loan asset is a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan, a $375 million, five-year mezzanine loan made to FC-Gen Acquisition, Inc., a subsidiary of the entity that acquired the assets formerly owned by Genesis. The Genesis mezzanine loan matures in July 2012 and bears interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 7.5%. Interest on the loan is payable monthly in arrears. There is also a $3.75 million termination fee due at the time of repayment of the loan, of which we are entitled to $1.5 million. There is also an additional termination fee that accrues monthly at the rate of 1% per annum on the outstanding principal balance of the loan and is payable at the time of the repayment of the loan. As of June 30, 2008, Genesis operated 137 owned properties (16,633 beds), 43 leased properties (5,261 beds), and 28 joint venture or managed facilities (3,830 beds). Of these facilities, 184 are SNFs and 24 are ALFs. In addition, as of June 30, 2008, Genesis operated an ancillary division that provides rehabilitation therapy services to providers. CapitalSource will continue to hold a $175 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan and also holds a $47.8 million interest in the $1.3 billion first mortgage loan made to the property owning entities of the Genesis facilities and their ultimate parent. The remaining $50 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan is held by an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., one of the underwriters in this offering.
Recent Developments
In September 2008, CapitalSource entered into a letter of intent with one of our operators to sell all four of our facilities in Nevada and one of our facilities in Kansas for aggregate proceeds of $26 million. These assets will be contributed subject to the terms of this proposed sale transaction, and we will retain the proceeds from the sale, which we intend to use for general corporate purposes. The proposed transaction remains subject to completion of due diligence and other customary closing conditions. If this transaction is consummated, our portfolio of properties will be reduced to 181 facilities with 21,685 beds.
We have obtained $290 million of commitments from affiliates of certain of the underwriters of this offering in connection with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, which we expect to be in place upon consummation of this offering. We are in the process of soliciting additional commitments. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this facility on terms that are consistent with those described in this prospectus. For a description of these terms, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesRevolving Credit Facility."
OUR INDUSTRY AND MARKET OPPORTUNITY
Healthcare is one of the largest industries in the United States and has strong growth characteristics. According to the 2007 National Health Expenditures forecast published by CMS, healthcare spending in the United States is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 6.7% through 2017. As a percentage of GDP, healthcare spending is projected to increase by over 3% to 19.5% of GDP in 2017 with an expected spending level of over $4.3 trillion. CMS projects that national nursing home expenditures will grow from $124.9 billion in 2006 to $217.5 billion in 2017, representing a 5.2% CAGR.
A primary reason for the rapid expected growth in healthcare spending and a primary growth driver for long-term care facilities is the aging of the U.S. population and increasing life expectancies. According to a 2008 report by the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, in 2006, there were approximately 37 million people aged 65 or older, comprising just over 12% of the total U.S. population. The number of Americans aged 65 or older is expected to climb from approximately 37 million in 2006 to approximately 49 million in 2017, representing a CAGR of 2.5%, compared to a total U.S. population which is expected to grow at a CAGR of 0.5% over the same period. In 2030, the
90
population of this age category is expected to be twice as large as in 2006, growing from 37 million to 71.5 million and representing nearly 20% of the total U.S. population. In addition, CMS projects that the number of Americans aged 85 or older is expected to increase 15% by 2010 and 38% by 2020. We believe these statistics validate our investment thesis, as there is a direct correlation between increased usage of SNFs and increases in age. In 2005, there were 30 SNF stays per 1,000 Medicare enrollees aged 65-74, compared with 228 stays per 1,000 Medicare enrollees age 85 and over. Overall, for Medicare enrollees aged 65 and over, SNF stays increased significantly from 28 per 1,000 Medicare enrollees in 1992 to 79 per 1,000 Medicare enrollees in 2005.
In addition to positive demographic trends, the demand for services provided by operators of SNFs is expected to increase substantially during the next decade primarily due to the impact of cost containment measures by government and private-pay sources. We expect payors to continue to transfer higher acuity patients from hospitals to less expensive care settings, such as SNFs.
According to CMS, in 2007 there were approximately 15,800 nursing homes with approximately 1.7 million beds. We believe that the demand for these properties will continue to increase over time as a result of the aging population and limited new construction, coupled with a slight reduction in the number of nursing homes over the past several years. In addition to the typical zoning concerns and construction costs that generally limit all new construction projects, there are two other reasons why we expect new SNF construction to be limited. First, in many states it is a condition precedent to construction and operation of a new SNF that the operator obtain a certificate of need, or CON, from appropriate state regulators. Typically, state regulators grant CONs only if there is a clearly demonstrated need for additional facilities, which generally requires the operator/applicant to show that all other facilities in the targeted area are operating at or above 95% occupancy levels. This regulatory hurdle creates a considerable barrier to entry for new facility construction. Second, although private pay options and Medicare reimbursement represent the high margin portion of the nursing home industry, CMS notes that approximately 65% of the occupants of SNFs receive Medicaid benefits. As a result, facility operators must obtain and maintain long-term Medicaid contracts to provide them with suitable assurances that they will be able to operate with stable revenue streams. Medicaid contracts must be entered into with state agencies that are the payors of Medicaid reimbursement. These agencies operate within budgets and typically approve new reimbursement contracts only if there is clearly demonstrated need. Again, this barrier to entry puts owners of existing facilities at a competitive advantage as compared to prospective new entrants into the SNF market.
OUR STRATEGY
Our strategy is to capitalize on CapitalSource's platform to identify, evalute and invest in properties that will provide us with strong, stable cash flow and capital appreciation. We expect to expand and further diversify our portfolio over time, as follows:
Utilize the CapitalSource Platform to Source New Investments
As a provider of financing alternatives to SNF operators and other middle market healthcare companies, CapitalSource has developed a platform to source potential healthcare real estate investments. CapitalSource has many significant relationships within the healthcare real estate industry and a team of dedicated employees who are responsibile for identifying, evaluating, acquiring and monitoring new healthcare investments. We believe that CapitalSource's broad network of industry relationships and extensive resources will provide us with access to a strong pipeline of future acquisition opportunities.
91
Capitalize on Current Attractive Industry Conditions
We believe that our industry is characterized by several attractive attributes that increase the number and the quality of investment
opportunities available to us, including:
Identify Attractive Investment Opportunities with New or Existing Operators
We intend to focus our business and investment efforts on locating established, creditworthy, small owners and regional chains with operators that meet our standards for high quality and managerial experience. Our past, current and prospective clients and the clients of CapitalSource provide us with the foundation for an attractive investment strategy. We intend to pursue acquisitions that diversify our portfolio geographically and increase the number of our operators. We believe CapitalSource's underwriting experience allows it to accurately assess the quality of the operators with which we do business. CapitalSource has developed systems and personnel to evaluate potential investments to enable us to continue to invest in quality and profitable assets. Prior to making an investment, CapitalSource considers the facility's historical and forecasted cash flow and its ability to meet operational needs, including capital expenditures. In addition, CapitalSource considers qualitative factors, such as the quality and experience of management, the creditworthiness of the operator of the facility, the physical condition and geographic location of the facility, the reimbursement environment, the occupancy and demand for similar healthcare facilities in the same or nearby communities, the payor mix and the overall general economic environment.
Opportunistically Expand into Additional Asset Classes
Pursuant to the terms of our management agreement, we will have the first right to make all direct acquisitions of real property or equity investments in entities owning healthcare-related real property originated by or presented to CapitalSource. We may expand our portfolio of properties opportunistically to include other types of healthcare properties, such as ILFs and ALFs or add additional loans to qualified operators. We may also expand our investment strategy to include other net leased assets that we believe would benefit from CapitalSource's underwriting and servicing expertise.
92
OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, CapitalSource will contribute all of its healthcare net lease assets and a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan to us in exchange for 41,845,308 common shares. CapitalSource will sell all of the shares to be sold in this offering. After this offering, we will have 42,105,000 shares outstanding. Approximately 1% of our outstanding shares will be held by our officers, trustees, and certain other employees of CapitalSource, as more fully described under "Management." The following chart shows the structure of our organization following completion of this offering:
ORIGINATION, UNDERWRITING AND SERVICING
CapitalSource has created an integrated approach to our real estate origination and underwriting approval process that effectively combines the skills of its professionals with its proprietary information systems. This process allows CapitalSource to move efficiently and quickly from initial review of a prospective deal to the closing of the transaction while maintaining its rigorous underwriting standards. Along the way, a large number of professionals become involved in the analysis and decision-making with respect to each potential real estate opportunity. We believe that the high level of involvement of CapitalSource's staff in the various phases of the approval process allows us to minimize our risk of owning our assets.
93
CapitalSource's Investment Approval Process
Origination
CapitalSource's origination process begins with its development officers, who are charged with identifying, contacting and screening target properties and operators. These development officers spend a significant portion of their time meeting face-to-face with key decision makers and deal referral sources such as private equity investors, business brokers, attorneys, investment bankers and executives within the healthcare industry.
To
support its development officers, CapitalSource actively markets our business in an effort to build awareness of the CapitalSource brand as well as our own and to generate potential
acquisition opportunities. CapitalSource has developed an aggressive marketing strategy focusing on enhancing the awareness of prospective operators of our brand. Components of this strategy
include:
Once a prospective investment is identified, the development officer or an investment officer enters transaction data into CapitalSource's proprietary transaction management database, DealTracker. The development officer then works closely with an investment officer and provides detailed information regarding the opportunity, including an executive summary with historical and projected financials, seller's asking price, and history of the operator at the facility (i.e., information on past regulatory survey deficiency issues). Based on these discussions, the investment officer makes a determination whether to proceed with the prospect.
If the investment officer determines that the potential transaction meets our initial standards, he or she will prepare a term sheet. The term sheet is reviewed by a director, linked to DealTracker and
94
electronically distributed to the professional staff involved in the origination, credit, and legal functions of CapitalSource's business. This distribution provides an opportunity for other investment officers and staff to review the proposed transaction and, as appropriate, provide comments and suggestions.
Once the term sheet receives the required internal approvals from CapitalSource, it is sent to the prospective client. The investment officer and the prospective operator then negotiate the principal terms of the transaction and, if the terms are agreed to, execute the term sheet.
Underwriting
Once the term sheet has been executed, CapitalSource typically requires that the prospective client remit a good faith deposit to cover a portion of CapitalSource's transaction costs incurred on our behalf in connection with the proposed transaction, including legal and auditing expenses and any third-party expenses, such as property appraisals, property condition reports, surveys, title reviews and Phase I environmental studies. Once this deposit is received, the responsible investment officer prepares an initial client memorandum, or ICM, briefly summarizing the terms of the proposed transaction and its associated risks. This memorandum is linked to DealTracker and distributed to the entire professional staff involved in the origination, credit and legal functions of our business. Once the ICM has been prepared, the framework of the proposed transaction is discussed with our credit committee to obtain the committee's initial feedback.
Following the discussion of the ICM with the credit committee, the legal team is engaged by the investment officer to begin legal due diligence.
Additionally, CapitalSource will perform extensive financial due diligence and underwriting procedures relating to the proposed transaction. The investment officer concurrently conducts detailed due diligence focusing on the physical and environmental condition of the facility, the operator's management team, the local competition and various financial results and projections. As part of CapitalSource's due diligence, the investment officer will visit the facility and have the operator answer questions regarding the condition of the building, occupancy, reimbursement rate and quality of care. Additionally, the investment officer is responsible for ordering third-party reports and assessing the appraisal, property condition assessment, environmental report and management background check when they are made available.
CapitalSource has incorporated the underwriting, diligence and client examination functions into its integrated process due to the emphasis CapitalSource places on credit and risk analysis. We believe that the in-house examination and due diligence functions that CapitalSource performs enables us to maintain a high level of quality control over these functions while delivering faster transaction execution than our competitors. The expertise and experience of the professionals at CapitalSource also facilitate our comprehensive efforts in the ongoing management of our real estate portfolio, as discussed below. CapitalSource's underwriting officers typically possess significant levels of credit approval experience with banks, finance companies, accounting and/or audit firms. The underwriting officers work with analysts and examiners to conduct a detailed, comprehensive accounting examination of prospective operators as part of the underwriting process.
CapitalSource's underwriters focus primarily on ensuring the creditworthiness of our prospective clients and our "credit first" philosophy.
To
apply consistent underwriting standards, these professionals use due diligence methodologies for healthcare facilities and their operators that have been developed by CapitalSource.
These procedures include detailed examinations and customized analyses by our underwriting teams of the following key factors:
95
As part of the evaluation of a proposed investment, the underwriting team prepares a comprehensive memorandum for presentation to our credit committee. When the underwriting memorandum is complete, it is provided to the director of credit for review. After any requested revisions are made, the lead underwriting officer submits the underwriting memorandum to the credit committee members and links it to DealTracker at the same time.
At the conclusion of due diligence, a detailed credit committee memorandum, which CapitalSource refers to as a "CCM," describing and analyzing the proposed transaction is prepared by the investment officer. The CCM is reviewed by the director and circulated to our credit committee for review along with the underwriting memorandum, and also linked to DealTracker.
Investment Approval
Pursuant to the terms of our management agreement, approvals from our credit committee and board of trustees are required prior to funding any transaction. The members of our credit committee consist of certain members of CapitalSource's credit committee, along with Mr. Pieczynski, our president and CEO, and Mr. Chavez, our CFO. The credit committee meets weekly on an as-needed basis. The investment officer and lead underwriting officer present their recommendations on each potential transaction under consideration and a unanimous vote by the credit committee is required to approve the transaction. Transactions involving CapitalSource are subject to different approval requirements. See "Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with CapitalSource."
Portfolio Management/Servicing
We believe that effective portfolio management is essential to maximizing the performance and value of our investments. Expertise in servicing and managing the assets in our portfolio is one of the many benefits we expect CapitalSource will provide to us.
CapitalSource has a dedicated healthcare real estate portfolio team who work together in managing all of our real estate investments. The team includes loan officers and account executives, each of whom is assigned a portfolio of relationships and is tasked with monitoring compliance, evaluating deviations from projections, taking action to reduce impairment and losses, providing client service, and keeping management informed of any issues and trends. These professionals report directly to the directors and portfolio managers of the group, who are charged with overseeing the entire real estate portfolio.
96
CapitalSource's
portfolio management personnel will perform the following functions:
Regular meetings are held among the investment and portfolio management teams to review issues, updates, and financial performance of each of the transactions. Based on the discussions in that meeting, the directors and portfolio managers meet with the real estate president, investment team and development officers to discuss any major issues or deviations from our previous expectations based on our underwriting review. Additionally, on a quarterly basis, this same group reviews the financial monitoring model and discusses specifics on any operator financial performance deviation from our previous expectations based on our underwriting review.
When modifications are required that are not in the normal course of the transaction, an appropriate evaluation is conducted and approval obtained before proceeding with a change to the transaction. The portfolio management team works closely with the accounting and tax groups with respect to all proposed modifications.
We evaluate our operators and facilities periodically based on events or circumstances that affect the risk profile of a transaction, and in any case at least quarterly. In these reviews, CapitalSource assesses, among other things, industry comparability, financial trends in comparison to underwriting, and history of payment and financial covenant compliance. Based on this review, steps may be taken to alter the level of scrutiny and servicing needs on a particular transaction.
We believe that the scope and depth of CapitalSource's portfolio management operations will distinguish us from many other real estate investment companies and will provide a platform for pursuing and maintaining attractive real estate investments.
Proprietary Information Systems
We believe that effective use of technology can streamline business functions, expedite turnaround time and enhance management and
servicing abilities. As of June 30, 2008, CapitalSource employed 27 information systems employees, including 21 network support personnel and six applications developers. In addition to widely
used commercial software, CapitalSource has developed three proprietary systems that it uses in its daily operations:
97
OUR OPERATING POLICIES
Policies with Respect to Financings and Other Activities
If our board of trustees determines that additional funding is required, we may raise such funds through additional equity offerings, debt financing, and retention of cash flow (subject to maintaining our qualifications as a REIT) or a combination of these methods. We intend to employ what we believe to be a modest level of leverage of up to 60% of our total portfolio of real property assets, with any borrowings in excess of 80% of our Investment Value (defined in the management agreement as the sum of net real estate investments, plus accumulated depreciation plus net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which our balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP) requiring the approval of a majority of our independent trustees. This limitation may be superceded by more restrictive limitations in the agreement relating to our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility and the master transaction agreement.
We expect our assets to continue to generate rent sufficient to enable us to service the debt that currently encumbers some of the properties and to enable us to pay a regular quarterly distributions. As of June 30, 2008, we had mortgage debt in the form of a $241 million senior loan and a $35.6 million mezzanine loan. Both of these loans mature on April 9, 2009, subject to our ability to extend the loans; we have requested a one-year extension of the maturity of each loan. The interest rate under the senior loan is 30-day LIBOR plus 1.54%, and the interest rate under the mezzanine loan is 30-day LIBOR plus 4.00%. In addition, other assets are encumbered by an aggregate of approximately $56.4 million of long-term HUD insured mortgage financing that bears interest at a weighted average rate of 6.61%, and approximately $20.0 million of non-recourse junior subordinated financing bearing interest at 9.00% per annum.
In the future, we expect to finance unencumbered assets and new acquisitions with internally generated cash flows, our proposed senior secured revolving secured credit facility, mortgage loans, additional HUD financing and subordinated debt, as well as through a combination of public and private offerings of equity and debt securities. The timing, source and amount of cash flows provided by financing activities and used in investing activities are sensitive to the capital markets environment, especially to changes in interest rates. Changes in the capital markets environment may impact the availability of cost-effective capital.
We have authority to offer our common shares or other equity or debt securities in exchange for property and to repurchase or otherwise reacquire our shares or any other securities and may engage in such activities in the future. Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income and asset tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We may engage in the purchase and sale of investments.
Disposition Policies
With the assistance of CapitalSource, we will evaluate our portfolio on a regular basis to determine if each of our assets continues to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, we may decide to sell our assets opportunistically and use the proceeds of any such sale for additional investments, working capital purposes or to repay outstanding debt.
98
Equity Capital Policies
Subject to applicable law, our board of trustees has the authority, without further shareholder approval, to issue additional common shares and preferred shares or otherwise raise capital, including through the issuance of senior securities, in any manner and on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property. Our shareholders, including CapitalSource, will have no preemptive right to additional shares issued in any offering, and any offering may cause a dilution of investment.
Investment Guidelines
Our investment policy is to invest primarily in long-term care properties, primarily SNFs, through the ownership of such properties under triple-net leases with the operators of those properties. We do not participate in the operations of our investment properties, but rather our investment is limited to the ownership of primarily the land, building, improvements and related rights that are then leased to operators under long-term triple-net leases. In addition, we may also invest in real estate by providing, or participating in debt financing on long-term care properties, under certain circumstances. See "Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with CapitalSource."
All of our current portfolio of $1.0 billion in gross owned properties was acquired by CapitalSource after January 1, 2006. In addition, we have a $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. At this time, we anticipate completing new investments during the remainder of 2008 though nothing is definitive at this time. In light of the competitive environment for healthcare real estate acquisitions and the tight credit markets, we can give no assurances that we will complete any new investments during the near term. In addition, CapitalSource has retained the first right to originate healthcare-related real property loans; therefore, we do not anticipate originating any meaningful level of mortgage or mezzanine loans.
Historically,
our investments have consisted of:
In evaluating potential investments, we generally consider factors such as:
99
In addition, we assess the value of all properties, the interest rates and covenant requirements of any debt to be assumed in connection with an acquisition, and the anticipated sources of repayment of any existing debt that is not to be assumed.
For investments in long-term care properties, we tend to favor moderate cost per bed/unit opportunities. We seek to invest primarily in properties that are located in suburban and rural areas of states. Prior to determining whether we will make an investment, we will generally conduct a property site visit to assess the overall physical condition of the property, make inquiries regarding trends in patient/resident mix, referral sources, overall occupancy trends and expected trends in labor costs, as well as viewing competing properties in the surrounding area to ascertain the general "competitiveness" of the investment target. In addition, we obtain and review appraisals, environmental and property condition reports, zoning, state surveys and financial statements of the property prior to making the investment. We prefer to invest in a property that has a significant market presence in its community and where state certificate of need, state Medicaid contracts and/or licensing procedures limit the entry of competing properties.
Pursuant
to the terms of our management agreement, we and our manager have agreed that we will abide by the following investment guidelines:
100
Interested Trustee, Officer and Employee Transactions
We will adopt a policy that, unless an action is approved by our audit committee and is not otherwise prohibited by law, we will not engage in any transaction with our trustees, trustee nominees, executive officers, nominees for trustees or 5% or greater beneficial owners, their immediate family members or their affiliates, or companies in which any of these people have material interests. Any related transaction is required to be subject to the same due diligence, underwriting and rating standards as the investmens that we make in transactions with unrelated third parties.
Our bylaws do not prohibit any of our trustees, officers, employees or agents, in their personal capacity or in a capacity as an affiliate, employee or agent of any other person, or otherwise, from having business interests and engaging in business activities similar to or in addition to or in competition with ours.
Pursuant to Maryland law, a contract or other transaction between a company and a trustee or between the company and any other corporation or other entity in which a trustee serves as a trustee or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the presence of that director at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is authorized, approved or ratified or the counting of the director's vote in favor thereof if (1) the material facts relating to the common directorship or interest and as to the transaction are disclosed to the board of directors or a committee of the board, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the transaction or contract by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum, (2) the material facts relating to the common directorship or interest of the transaction are disclosed to the shareholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction is approved in good faith by vote of the shareholders, or (3) the transaction or contract is fair and reasonable to the company at the time it is authorized, ratified or approved.
Policies with Respect to Other Activities
We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of other issuers and do not intend to do so. We have not in the past, but we may in the future, invest in the securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control over such issuers. At all times, we intend to make investments in a manner as to qualify as a REIT, unless because of circumstances or changes in the Internal Revenue Code or corresponding Treasury Regulations, our board of trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. After this offering, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, referred to as the Exchange Act. Pursuant to these requirements, we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited consolidated financial statements, with the SEC. We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent registered public accounting firm and with quarterly reports containing unaudited consolidated financial statements for each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year.
101
Future Revisions in Policies and Strategies
Our board of trustees has the power to modify or waive our operating policies and strategies without the consent of our shareholders to the extent that the board of trustees (including a majority of our independent trustees) determines that a modification or waiver is in the best interest of our shareholders. Among other factors, developments in the market that either affect the policies and strategies mentioned herein or that change our assessment of the market may cause our board of trustees to revise our policies and strategies.
HEALTHCARE REIMBURSEMENT AND REGULATION
Medicare
All of our properties are used as healthcare facilities, particularly as SNFs, and we are therefore directly affected by the risk associated with the healthcare industry. Our operators, as well as any facilities that may be owned and operated for our own account from time to time, derive a substantial portion of their net operating revenues from third-party payors, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs. These programs are highly regulated by federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations and are subject to frequent and substantial change.
In 1997, the Balanced Budget Act significantly reduced spending levels for the Medicare and Medicaid programs, in part because the legislation modified the payment methodology for SNFs by shifting payments for services provided to Medicare beneficiaries from a reasonable cost basis to a prospective payment system. Under the prospective payment system, SNFs are paid on a per diem prospective case-mix adjusted basis for all covered services. Implementation of the prospective payment system has affected each long-term care facility to a different degree, depending upon the amount of revenue such facility derives from Medicare patients.
Legislation adopted in 1999 and 2000 provided for a few temporary increases to Medicare payment rates, but these temporary increases have since expired. Specifically, the Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 included a 4% across-the-board increase of the adjusted federal per diem payment rates for all patient acuity categories (known as Resource Utilization Groups, or RUGs), that were in effect from April 2000 through September 30, 2002. In 2000, the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 included a 16.66% increase in the nursing component of the case-mix adjusted federal periodic payment rate, which was implemented in April 2000 and also expired October 1, 2002.
The Balanced Budget Refinement Act and the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act also established temporary increases, beginning in April 2001, to Medicare payment rates to SNFs that were designated to remain in place until CMS implemented refinements to the existing RUG case-mix classification system to more accurately estimate the cost of non-therapy ancillary services. The Balanced Budget Refinement Act provided for a 20% increase for 15 RUG categories until CMS modified the RUG case-mix classification system. The Benefits Improvement and Protection Act modified this payment increase by reducing the 20% increase for three of the 15 RUGs to a 6.7% increase and instituting an additional 6.7% increase for eleven other RUGs.
On August 4, 2005, CMS published its final rule, effective October 1, 2005, establishing Medicare payments for SNFs under the prospective payment system for federal fiscal year 2006 (October 1, 2005 to September 30, 2006). The final rule modified the RUG case-mix classification system and added nine new categories to the system, expanding the number of RUGs from 44 to 53. The implementation of the RUG refinements triggered the expiration of the temporary payment increases of 20% and 6.7% established by the Balanced Budget Refinement Act and the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act, respectively.
Additionally, CMS announced updates in the final rule to reimbursement rates for SNFs in federal fiscal year 2006 based on an increase in the "full market-basket" of 3.1%. In the August 4, 2005 final
102
rule, CMS estimated that the increases in Medicare reimbursements to SNFs arising from the refinements to the prospective payment system and the market basket update under the final rule would offset the reductions stemming from the elimination of the temporary increases during federal fiscal year 2006. CMS estimated that there would be an overall increase in Medicare payments to SNFs totaling $20 million in fiscal year 2006 compared to 2005.
A significant change enacted under the Medicare Modernization Act is the creation of a new prescription drug benefit, Medicare Part D, which went into effect January 1, 2006. The significant expansion of benefits for Medicare beneficiaries arising under the expanded prescription drug benefit could result in financial pressures on the Medicare program that could result in future legislative and regulatory changes with impacts for our operators. As part of this new program, the prescription drug benefits for patients who are dually eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid are being transitioned from Medicaid to Medicare, and many of these patients reside in long-term care facilities. The Medicare program experienced significant operational difficulties in transitioning prescription drug coverage for this population when the benefit went into effect on January 1, 2006. Although it is unclear whether or how issues involving Medicare Part D might have any direct financial impacts on our operators, a June 2007 report by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC, which is an independent body that advises Congress on Medicare payment policies) examined how Part D is affecting pharmacy services for residents of nursing facilities and other stakeholders and considered alternative approaches for delivering Part D benefits in nursing facilities. MedPAC did not make recommendations, although the report indicated that MedPAC will continue monitoring the delivery of Part D benefits to residents of long-term care facilities.
On February 8, 2006, the President signed into law a $39.7 billion budget reconciliation package called the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, or Deficit Reduction Act, to lower the federal budget deficit. The Deficit Reduction Act included estimated net savings of $8.3 billion from the Medicare program over five years.
The Deficit Reduction Act contained a provision reducing payments to SNFs for allowable bad debts. Previously, Medicare reimbursed SNFs for 100% of beneficiary bad debt arising from unpaid deductibles and coinsurance amounts. In 2003, CMS released a proposed rule seeking to reduce bad debt reimbursement rates for certain providers, including SNFs, by 30% over a three-year period. Subsequently, in early 2006 the Deficit Reduction Act reduced payments to SNFs for allowable bad debts by 30% effective October 1, 2005 for those individuals not dually eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. Bad debt payments for the dually eligible population will remain at 100%. Consistent with this legislation, CMS finalized its 2003 proposed rule on August 18, 2006, and the regulations became effective on October 1, 2006. CMS estimated that implementation of this bad debt provision will result in a savings to the Medicare program of $490 million from 2006 to 2010.
The Deficit Reduction Act also contained a provision governing the therapy caps that went into place under Medicare on January 1, 2006. The therapy caps limit the physical therapy, speech-language therapy and occupational therapy services that a Medicare beneficiary can receive during a calendar year. The therapy caps were in effect for calendar year 1999 and then suspended by Congress for three years. An inflation-adjusted therapy limit ($1,590 per year) was implemented in September of 2002, but then once again suspended in December of 2003 by the Medicare Modernization Act. Under the Medicare Modernization Act, Congress placed a two-year moratorium on implementation of the caps, which expired at the end of 2005. The Deficit Reduction Act permitted exceptions in 2006 for therapy services to exceed the caps when the therapy services are deemed medically necessary by the Medicare program. The Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, signed into law on December 20, 2006, extend these exceptions through March 31, 2008. The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007 signed into law on December 29, 2007 extend the exceptions through June 30, 2008. The Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 extended the exception through December 31, 2009. Future and continued implementation of the therapy caps could have a material adverse effect on
103
our operators' financial condition and operations, which could adversely affect their ability to meet their payment obligations to us.
On July 31, 2006, CMS published a notice updating the payment rates to SNFs for fiscal year 2007 (October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007). The market basket increase factor for 2007 was 3.1%. CMS estimated that the payment update would increase aggregate payments to SNFs nationwide by approximately $560 million in fiscal year 2007 compared to 2006.
On August 3, 2007, CMS published its final rule for updating the payment rates used under the prospective payment system for SNFs for federal fiscal year 2008 (October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2008). The market basket increase for fiscal year 2008 is 3.3%. Under the final rule, aggregate Medicare payments for nursing homes would increase by approximately $690 million for fiscal year 2008 compared to 2007. In addition, the rule revises and rebases the SNF market basket, which is used in calculating SNF payment rates.
On August 8, 2008, CMS published its final rule for updating the payment rates used under the prospective payment system for SNFs for federal fiscal year 2009 (October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009). The market basket increase for fiscal year 2009 is 3.4%. Under the final rule, aggregate Medicare payments for nursing homes would increase by approximately $780 million for fiscal year 2009 compared to 2008.
The inflation-adjusted therapy caps are set at $1,810 for calendar year 2008. These caps do not apply to therapy services covered under Medicare Part A in a SNF, although the caps apply in most other instances involving patients in SNFs or long-term care facilities who receive therapy services covered under Medicare Part B.
In general, we cannot be assured that federal reimbursement will remain at levels comparable to present levels or that such reimbursement will be sufficient for our operators to cover all operating and fixed costs necessary to care for Medicare and Medicaid patients. We also cannot be assured that there will be any future legislation to increase Medicare payment rates for SNFs, and if such payment rates for SNFs are not increased in the future, some of our operators may have difficulty meeting their payment obligations to us.
Medicaid and Other Third-Party Reimbursement
Each state has its own Medicaid program that is funded jointly by the state and federal government.
Federal law governs how each state manages its Medicaid program, but there is wide latitude for states to customize Medicaid programs to fit the needs and resources of their citizens. Currently, Medicaid is the single largest source of financing for long-term care in the United States. Rising Medicaid costs and decreasing state revenues caused by recent economic conditions have prompted an increasing number of states to cut or consider reductions in Medicaid funding as a means of balancing their respective state budgets. Existing and future initiatives affecting Medicaid reimbursement may reduce utilization of (and reimbursement for) services offered by the operators of our properties.
In recent years, many states have announced actual or potential budget shortfalls. As a result of these budget shortfalls, many states have announced that they are implementing or considering implementing "freezes" or cuts in Medicaid reimbursement rates, including rates paid to SNF and long-term care providers, or reductions in Medicaid enrollee benefits, including long-term care benefits. We cannot predict the extent to which Medicaid rate freezes, cuts or benefit reductions ultimately will be adopted, the number of states that will adopt them or the impact of such adoption on our operators. However, extensive Medicaid rate cuts, freezes or benefit reductions could have a material adverse effect on our operators' liquidity, financial condition and operations, which could adversely affect their ability to make lease payments to us.
104
The Deficit Reduction Act included $4.7 billion in estimated savings from Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program over five years. The Deficit Reduction Act gave states the option to increase Medicaid cost-sharing and reduce Medicaid benefits, accounting for an estimated $3.2 billion in federal savings over five years. The remainder of the Medicaid savings under the Deficit Reduction Act comes primarily from changes to prescription drug reimbursement ($3.9 billion in savings over five years) and tightened policies governing asset transfers ($2.4 billion in savings over five years).
Asset transfer policies, which determine Medicaid eligibility based on whether a Medicaid applicant has transferred assets for less than fair value, became more restrictive under the Deficit Reduction Act, which extended the look-back period to five years, moved the start of the penalty period and made individuals with more than $500,000 in home equity ineligible for nursing home benefits (previously, the home was excluded as a countable asset for purposes of Medicaid eligibility). These changes could have a material adverse effect on our operators' financial conditions and operations, which could adversely affect their ability to meet their payment obligations to us.
Private payors, including managed care payors, increasingly are demanding discounted fee structures and the assumption by healthcare providers of all or a portion of the financial risk of operating a healthcare facility. Efforts to impose greater discounts and more stringent cost controls are expected to continue. Any changes in reimbursement policies that reduce reimbursement levels could adversely affect the revenues of our operators, thereby adversely affecting their ability to make monthly lease payments to us.
In May of 2007, CMS awarded 13 states and the District of Columbia grants totaling over $547 million to build Medicaid long-term care programs that provide alternatives to nursing home care and help people remain at home. Similarly, individual states have been promoting alternatives to nursing homes to cope with the aging population through laws and the development and promotion of community-based systems of care. CMS's grants and the activities of states evidence a shift from a focus on institutional care to a system that offers more choices, including home and community-based services. This trend could have potential adverse effects on our operators' financial conditions, which could affect their ability to meet their payment obligations to us.
Fraud and Abuse Laws and Regulations
There are various extremely complex federal and state laws governing a wide array of referral relationships and other arrangements, and prohibiting fraud by healthcare providers, including criminal provisions that prohibit filing false claims or making false statements to receive payment or certification under Medicare and Medicaid, and failing to refund overpayments or improper payments. The federal and state governments are devoting increasing attention and resources to anti-fraud initiatives against healthcare providers. Penalties for healthcare fraud have been increased and expanded over recent years, including broader provisions for the exclusion of providers from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The Office of the Inspector General for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or OIG-HHS, has described a number of new and ongoing initiatives for 2008 to study instances of potential Medicare and Medicaid overbilling and/or fraud in SNFs and nursing homes. The OIG-HHS, in cooperation with other federal and state agencies, also continues to focus on the activities of SNFs in certain states in which we have properties.
In addition, the federal False Claims Act allows a private individual with knowledge of fraud against the Medicare or Medicaid programs to bring a claim on behalf of the federal government and earn a percentage of the federal government's recovery from such a claim. Because of these monetary incentives, these so-called "whistleblower" suits have become more frequent. Some states currently have statutes that are analogous to the federal False Claims Act. The Deficit Reduction Act encourages states to enact such legislation by permitting states to retain an additional 10% of any recovery in a suit
105
for false or fraudulent claims submitted to that state's Medicaid program if the enacted legislation is at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act in rewarding and facilitating whistleblower suits. Enforcement activity may increase as additional states enact legislation in response to the Deficit Reduction Act. The violation of any of these laws or regulations by an operator may result in the imposition of fines or other penalties that could jeopardize that operator's ability to make lease payments to us or to continue operating its facility.
Certificates of Need (CONs) and Related State Licensing
State mandated regulations governing CONs control the development and expansion of healthcare services and facilities in certain states. Some states also require regulatory approval prior to changes in ownership of certain healthcare facilities. States that do not have CON programs may have other laws or regulations that limit or restrict the development or expansion of healthcare facilities. To the extent that CONs or other similar approvals are required for expansion or the operations of our facilities, either through facility acquisitions, expansion or provision of new services or other changes, such expansion could be affected adversely by the failure or inability of our operators to obtain the necessary approvals, changes in the standards applicable to such approvals or possible delays and expenses associated with obtaining such approvals.
Environmental Matters
A wide variety of federal, state and local environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations affect healthcare facility operations. These complex federal and state statutes, and their enforcement, involve myriad regulations, many of which involve strict liability on the part of the potential offender. Some of these federal and state statutes may directly impact us. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection with such property, as well as other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances (including the cost of complying with environmental regulations, government fines for violations of those requirements, and damages for injuries to persons, adjacent property, and/or natural resources). This may be true even if we did not cause or contribute to the presence of such substances. The cost of any required remediation, removal, compliance, fines or personal or property damages and the owner's liability therefor could exceed or impair the value of the property, and/or the assets of the owner or secured lender. In addition, the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral.
Other Laws
Other laws that impact how our operators conduct their operations include federal and state laws designed to protect the confidentiality and security of patient health information, laws protecting consumers against deceptive practices, and laws generally affecting our operators, management of property and equipment and how our operators generally conduct their operations, such as fire, and health and safety laws; and federal and state laws mandating quality of services and care, and quality of food service; resident rights (including abuse and neglect laws) and the handling and destruction of controlled substances governed by the Drug Enforcement Agency and health standards set by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Additional costs to comply with these rules could have a material adverse effect on our operators' financial condition, which could cause the revenues of our operators to decline and potentially jeopardize their ability to meet their obligations to us.
106
Legislative and Regulatory Developments
Each year, legislative and regulatory proposals may be introduced or proposed in Congress and state legislatures as well as by federal and state agencies that, if implemented, could result in major changes in the healthcare system, either nationally or at the state level. In addition, regulatory proposals and rules are released on an ongoing basis that may have major impacts on the healthcare system generally and the industries in which our operators do business. Legislative and regulatory developments can be expected to occur on an ongoing basis at the local, state and federal levels that have direct or indirect impacts on the policies governing the reimbursement levels paid to our facilities by public and private third-party payors, the costs of doing business and the threshold requirements that must be met for facilities to continue operation or to expand.
The Medicare Modernization Act, which is one example of such legislation, was enacted in December 2003. The significant expansion of other benefits for Medicare beneficiaries under this Act, such as the prescription drug benefit, could create financial pressures on the Medicare program that might result in future legislative and regulatory changes with impacts on our operators. Although the creation of a prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries was expected to generate fiscal relief for state Medicaid programs, the structure of the benefit and costs associated with its implementation may mitigate the relief for states that originally was anticipated.
The Deficit Reduction Act is another example of such legislation. The provisions in the legislation designed to create cost savings from both Medicare and Medicaid could diminish reimbursement for our operators under both Medicare and Medicaid.
CMS also launched the Nursing Home Quality Initiative program in 2002, which requires nursing homes participating in Medicare to provide consumers with comparative information about the quality of care at the facility. In the fall of 2006, a new quality campaign, Advancing Excellence for America's Nursing Home Residents, was launched. The initiative lasts for two years with the ultimate goal being improvement in quality of life and efficiency of care delivery. In the event any of our operators do not maintain the same or superior levels of quality care as their competitors, patients could choose alternate facilities, which could adversely impact our operators' revenues. In addition, the reporting of such information could lead to reimbursement policies that reward or penalize facilities on the basis of the reported quality of care parameters.
In late 2005, CMS began soliciting public comments regarding a demonstration project to examine pay-for-performance approaches in the nursing home setting that would offer financial incentives for facilities delivering high quality care. CMS anticipates that the demonstration could begin in late 2008. CMS may also commence the next phase of the Post Acute Care Payment Reform Demonstration (PAC-PRD) project in 2008, where information will be collected about Medicare beneficiaries' experiences in post-acute care settings. The purpose of the demonstration project, which was mandated by the Deficit Reduction Act, is to use the information obtained to guide future Medicare payment policy.
In February 2008, certain members of Congress introduced the Nursing Home Transparency and Improvement Act of 2008. This legislation proposes additional reporting requirements by nursing home staff, heightened penalties for nursing home quality deficiencies and greater transparency by companies, such as us, that own or operate nursing home facilities. Specifically, the Act provides for the disclosure of detailed reports relating to nursing home expenditures, civil monetary penalties of up to $100,000 for deficiencies in nursing home care and additional protections for nursing home residents, such as advance notice of the closure of a nursing home facility or the relocation of nursing home residents and the development of a standardized resident complaint system. In addition, the Act contemplates heightened regulation of owners of nursing home facilities by granting the authority to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to develop a national independent monitor program specific to interstate and large intrastate nursing home chains. The Secretary will be responsible for
107
overseeing the efforts of owners of nursing home facilities to comply with federal and state regulations, analyzing the management structure, expenditures and staffing of nursing home facilities, reporting findings and recommendations relating to such analyses and oversight to the federal and state governments and publishing such findings, analyses and recommendations. Additionally, in February 2008, the President released his budget proposing a zero percent market basket update in 2009 through 2011 for SNFs followed by a full update less 0.65% annually thereafter. The President's budget also proposed to eliminate bad debt reimbursements for unpaid beneficiary cost-sharing over four years for all providers. We cannot be certain if either of these proposals will be enacted by Congress.
Medicare prospective payments to nursing facilities have been slated to increase by an annual market basket index (MBI) factor of 3.4%, as announced by CMS in late July. The MBI annual update will be effective for services rendered on or after October 1, 2008, and are expected to increase Medicare payments to nursing home providers by $780 million for the rate year from October 1, 2008September 30, 2009. Although the average rate hike is estimated at 3.4%, the actual overall net impact to an individual SNF will be affected by the case mix of the facility as well as the influence of the wage index to the labor component of the RUG rate. CMS has indicated that it will continue to study and evaluate the acuity weights and overall reasonableness of the current 53 RUG level payments to ensure that payments are adequate and effectively measure and account for the resource consumption of labor and services. It is likely that refinements and recalibrations of the current RUG categories will occur in the future, and such changes could impact Medicare reimbursements to nursing facilities.
Additionally, on August 13, 2008, CMS issued a final rule mandating that all nursing homes that participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs have automatic sprinkler systems installed by August 2013. CMS initially proposed the sprinkler requirement in October 2006, citing a 2004 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, Nursing Home Fire Safety: Recent Fires Highlight Weaknesses in Federal Standards and Oversight (GAO-04-660) that called for more effective fire safety measures in long-term care facilities. Under the new rule, CMS follows the fire safety guidelines developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and all new sprinkler systems installed as a result of this rule will have to meet NFPA technical specifications. To be in compliance with the new rule, nursing homes must, among other things, have sprinkler coverage in all areas such as resident rooms, kitchens, dining and activity areas, corridors, attics, canopies, overhangs, offices, waiting areas, closets, storage areas for trash and linen, and maintenance areas. Under previous CMS regulations, newly constructed and rehabilitated nursing homes were required to be equipped with sprinkler systems. However, prior to issuance of the August 2008 rule, the federal government did not require existing operators to have such systems. Rather, as an interim step, CMS in March 2005 began requiring all long-term care operators that did not have sprinklers to install battery-operated smoke alarms in all patient rooms and public areas. The cost of nursing home compliance with the new sprinkler rule is uncertain. However, CMS will not direct funding or grants toward the initiative. Thus, the financial burden of ensuring compliance with the new requirements will rest primarily with the operators.
Other proposals under consideration include efforts by individual states to control costs by decreasing state Medicaid reimbursements in the current or future fiscal years and federal legislation addressing various issues, such as improving quality of care and reducing medical errors throughout the health care industry. We cannot accurately predict whether specific proposals will be adopted or, if adopted, what effect, if any, these proposals would have on operators and, thus, our business.
COMPETITION
Our income-generating potential will depend, in large part, on CapitalSource's ability to originate real estate related investment opportunities in healthcare facilities. In originating these investments, CapitalSource will face competition from other REITs, investment companies, healthcare operators and
108
other institutional investors when it attempts to identify investment opportunities. Competition may result in higher prices for healthcare real estate assets and reduced returns on equity.
Our ability to compete successfully for healthcare real property investments will be determined by a number of factors, including CapitalSource's ability to identify suitable acquisition or investment targets and to negotiate acceptable terms for any such acquisitions, as well as the availability of capital, including partnering with suitable co-investors. If CapitalSource does not identify investments that meet our investment guidelines, our ability to increase shareholder value through profitable growth may be limited.
Some of our competitors are significantly larger than us and CapitalSource, and have greater financial resources and lower cost of capital than we do. To the extent that a competitor is willing to risk larger amounts of capital in a particular transaction or to employ more liberal underwriting standards when evaluating potential lending opportunities than we are, our origination volume and profit margins for our portfolio could be adversely affected. Our competitors may also be willing to accept lower returns on their investments and may succeed in originating or acquiring assets we have targeted for origination or in refinancing mezzanine loans that are in our portfolio. There is considerable competition in our sector and there can be no assurance that we will compete effectively or that we will not encounter further increased competition in the future that could limit our ability to conduct our business effectively.
INSURANCE
In the opinion of senior management, our properties are adequately covered by insurance.
EMPLOYEES
We do not, and expect that we will not, have any employees.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may be party to legal proceedings. We do not believe that any currently pending or threatened proceeding, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, including our cash flows.
109
Effective as of the closing of this offering, we will enter into a management agreement with CapitalSource Finance LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource, pursuant to which it will manage our business, investments and operations.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Our manager is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to perform each of the duties set forth in the management agreement, in
accordance with the standard of operation and management of our affairs in a manner that maximizes our return on equity, subject to compliance in all material respects with CapitalSource's healthcare
real estate underwriting and investment policies, applicable law, our conflicts of interest policy and investment guidelines, and the terms and conditions of the management agreement. We refer to this
standard as the Management Standard. Our manager's activities on our behalf at all times will be subject to the supervision and direction of our board of trustees, the terms and conditions of the
management agreement and such further limitations or parameters as may be imposed from time to time by our board of trustees. Our manager will be responsible for the selection, purchase, management
and sale of our investments, our financing activities and providing us with investment advisory services. Our manager is responsible for our day-to-day operations and will
perform (or cause to be performed) such services and activities relating to our investments and day-to-day operations as may be
appropriate, consistent with the Management Standard, including, without limitation:
110
111
regulations
and contractual undertakings and all reports and documents, if any, required under Maryland law, the Internal Revenue Code, the Exchange Act and the Securities Act or by the NYSE;
Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, our manager or its affiliates will provide us with individuals who will perform the functions of chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief development officer, chief accounting officer and general counsel, along with appropriate support personnel to provide the management services described in the management agreement, and our manager will cause such individuals to devote their time to our management as necessary and appropriate, commensurate with the Management Standard and the level of our activity.
Our manager has not assumed any responsibility under the management agreement other than to render the services called for under the management agreement in a commercially reasonable manner in accordance with the Management Standard and is not responsible for any action of our company or our board of trustees in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations, including as set forth in our conflicts of interest policy and investment guidelines. The management agreement provides that our manager and its affiliates, and their directors, managers, members, officers, employees and stockholders, will not be liable to us, any of our subsidiaries, our board of trustees, our independent trustees or our shareholders for any acts or omissions by our manager, its affiliates or its or their officers, directors, managers, members or employees, performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except by reason of acts constituting willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of our manager's duties under the management agreement. Moreover, in connection with this offering, we have granted to our manager and its affiliates an exemption from various REIT ownership limitations, as more fully described under "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest." Nothing in the management agreement requires that our manager or its affiliates perform or refrain from performing any action that might cause it or its affiliates to violate such exemption, and any such performance or nonperformance on the part of our manager and its affiliates will not be deemed a breach of the management agreement or contravention of the Management Standard, although we may be prohibited from taking actions that would otherwise result in a violation of such waivers.
In addition, subject to certain limitations, nothing in the management agreement shall be construed to prevent or limit our manager or its affiliates from engaging in any lending, financing and/or other investment activities with operators of our facilities or from buying, selling or trading any
112
securities or commodities for their own accounts or for accounts of others for whom they may be acting. See also, "Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with CapitalSource."
We have agreed to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless our manager and its affiliates, and their respective directors, members, managers, officers, employees and stockholders of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims (including reasonable attorney's fees) in respect of or arising from any acts or omissions of our manager and its affiliates, and their respective directors, members, managers, officers, employees and stockholders, performed under the management agreement and not constituting willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of their respective duties. Our manager has agreed to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless our company, our affiliates, and the trustees, officers and shareholders of our company and our affiliates, and each person, if any, controlling us, of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims (including reasonable attorney's fees) in respect of or arising from (i) any acts or omissions of our manager constituting willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties under the management agreement or (ii) any claims by employees of our manager or any of its affiliates relating to the terms and conditions of their employment by our manager or any of its affiliates. Our manager is required to maintain its own reasonable and customary "errors and omissions" and other customary insurance coverage.
Our manager is required to refrain from any action that, in its commercially reasonable judgment, (i) would adversely affect our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or our status as an entity exempted from investment company status under the Investment Company Act, (ii) would violate any law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over us or of any exchange on which our securities may be listed or that would otherwise not be permitted by our declaration of trust or bylaws, (iii) would exceed its authority granted pursuant to the management agreement or otherwise conveyed by our board of trustees, or (iv) would violate the Management Standard. If our manager is directed to take any action by our board of trustees or our independent trustees, our manager will notify our board of trustees or our independent trustees, as applicable, if it is our manager's judgment that such action could cause any of the circumstances described in clauses (i)-(iv) above to occur. Our manager is not required to take any actions in violation of applicable law, the terms of the management agreement, the Management Standard, any of the items described in clauses (i)-(iv) above or the manager's compliance policies with respect to applicable law.
TERM AND TERMINATION RIGHTS
The management agreement has an initial three-year term expiring on the third anniversary of the consummation of this offering, and will be automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless earlier terminated or either we or our manager elect to not renew the agreement upon the expiration date of the initial term or any renewal term by providing the other party with prior notice of the intention not to renew the agreement not less than 180 days prior to the expiration of the then current term. Any such nonrenewal by us must be unanimously approved by our independent trustees. The management agreement does not limit the number of renewal terms. In addition, the management agreement may be terminated by us without cause following unanimous approval of our independent trustees upon 30 days' written notice of termination from our board of trustees to our manager.
We
will be required to pay our manager a termination fee under the following circumstances:
113
In the event of a change in control (as defined in the management agreement) of our company, the management agreement will automatically terminate upon the effective date of such change in control, and we will be required to pay our manager, within 90 days of the effective date of such termination, a fee equal to the base management fee earned by our manager for the 12-month period preceding the termination, multiplied by three. If a change in control of our company occurs within one year after the expiration or termination of the management agreement for any reason other than a termination by us for cause or a termination due to nonrenewal by our manager, then we will be required to pay our manager, within 90 days after the effective date of the change in control of our company, an amount equal to the difference between (a) the base management fee earned by our manager for the 12-month period preceding the termination, multiplied by three and (b) any termination fee previously paid by us to our manager in connection with such prior expiration or termination of the management agreement.
If there has not been one complete 12-month period under the management agreement prior to any such termination, then the base management fee for purposes of calculating the foregoing fees will be the amount that would have been earned by our manager for the 12-month period based on projections agreed to by us and our manager for the first fiscal year as though all projections were realized. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, we must pay our manager all compensation accruing to the date of termination and reimburse our manager for any expenses incurred in connection with post termination transition services.
We also may terminate the management agreement for cause following unanimous approval of our independent trustees with 30 days' prior written notice without paying a termination
fee, if any of the following events occur:
114
an
order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (2) remains undismissed, undischarged or unbonded for a period of 90 days; or (iii) our manager takes any action in
furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clause (i) or (ii) above; or (iv) our manager generally does not, or is
unable to, pay its debts as they become due;
The management agreement contains non-solicitation provisions that prohibit us from hiring any of Messrs. Pieczynski, Chavez, Javaid or Gilleland, or any person performing the functions of or holding the offices in our company of chief executive officer, chief financial officer, president, chief investment officer and/or chief accounting officer during the term of the management agreement and for one year after the expiration or termination of the management agreement, other than in connection with termination by us for cause or by our manager.
The management agreement provides that our manager may not assign this agreement, in whole or in part, unless such assignment is consented to in writing by us with the approval of a majority of our independent trustees. If such an assignment is approved, the assignee will be bound under this agreement in the same manner as our manager is bound. In addition the assignees shall execute and deliver to us a counterpart of this agreement naming such assignee as the manager. We are bound by similar restrictions on our ability to assign the agreement. Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed on our manager's ability to assign this agreement, our manager may delegate, assign, subcontract or subservice to one or more of its affiliates, the performance of, or cause one or more of its affiliates to perform, any of its responsibilities under the agreement so long as our manager remains liable for any such affiliate's performance. Nothing in the management agreement shall preclude any pledge, hypothecation or other transfer of any amounts to our manager under the agreement.
MANAGEMENT FEE
We have agreed to pay our manager a management fee that is intended to reimburse our manager for providing certain services to us as described above under "Management Services." Our manager may also be entitled to certain expense reimbursements, as described below. Expense reimbursements to our manager will be made monthly.
115
Monthly Management Fee
Commencing with the first month following the month in which this offering is completed, we will pay our manager an annual management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets, which constitute the sum of our net real estate investments plus accumulated depreciation plus our net loans, in each case determined on a daily basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which the company's balance sheet is calculated in accordance with GAAP. The initial payment of the management fee will be pro-rated based on the number of days between the closing of this offering and the end of the month in which the closing occurs. Our manager will use the proceeds from this fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees provided to us who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, will receive no cash compensation directly from us.
Reimbursement of Expenses
We will pay all our operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by our manager under the management agreement or
any shared expenses, the allocation of which shall be reviewed and approved by a majority of our independent trustees. Our manager is responsible for the employment expenses (including, without
limitation, salary, benefits, employment taxes, other wages, bonus and equity incentive plans of it and its affiliates) of its and its affiliates' employees, including our officers and any trustees
who are also employees of our manager and its affiliates, but excluding equity incentive plans and equity incentive compensation provided by us. Our manager is also responsible
for:
other
office, internal and overhead expenses of CapitalSource and its affiliates;
116
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH CAPITALSOURCE
We, our executive officers, certain of our trustees and CapitalSource will face conflicts of interest because of our relationships with each other. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Conflicts of Interest and Our Relationship with CapitalSource." Although we engaged separate legal counsel to represent us, the terms of our management agreement, including the fee structure, were not negotiated at arm's-length, nor were the terms of the other agreements delivered in connection with our formation and separation from CapitalSource. As a result, the terms of these agreements, including the consideration paid for our initial assets, may not be as favorable to us as if the agreements had been negotiated with unaffiliated parties.
Our assets and investments will be sourced and originated by CapitalSource. CapitalSource will continue to offer mortgage financing to owners of SNFs and other healthcare facilities, and this mortgage financing might be viewed as a competitive product to the long-term, triple-net leases we structure with operators. In addition, none of the employees of CapitalSource nor any of our officers will devote their time to us exclusively.
The compensation we will pay to our manager consists of a base management fee that is not tied to our performance, so we pay it regardless of performance, and it may not provide sufficient incentive to CapitalSource to seek to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns on our portfolio. Moreover, CapitalSource is authorized to follow broad investment guidelines and has great latitude within those guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide to recommend are proper investments for us. See "BusinessInvestment Guidelines." Our board of trustees will periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio and will review or approve every individual investment and disposition transaction, as well as certain other transactions. In doing so, however, our board of trustees will rely primarily on information provided to it by our manager.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICIES
Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, we have adopted a policy designed to minimize potential conflicts of interest with CapitalSource with respect to the allocation of investment opportunities. This conflicts of interest policy includes the following:
First Right to Invest
CapitalSource has agreed to provide us with the first right to invest in all investments originated by or presented to CapitalSource
with one or more of the following characteristics, regardless of how such investments are originated or otherwise identified, unless otherwise specified
below:
In addition, if CapitalSource elects to syndicate a portion of any healthcare-related real property loan, then CapitalSource has agreed to give us the first right to purchase all or a portion of such syndicated portion.
Pari Passu Co-Investments
The economic terms of any co-investment with CapitalSource made on a pari passu basis must be at least as favorable to us as to CapitalSource.
117
Co-Investments with Debt Tranches of Different Priorities
We have adopted the following policies with respect to co-investments resulting in CapitalSource, on the one hand, and us,
on the other hand, holding debt tranches of different priorities. In the event of such a co-investment, our debt tranche must comply with the following:
Participation
We have adopted the following policies with respect to our participation in investments in which CapitalSource and its affiliates are
also participating:
118
"equity kickers" granted as incidental consideration for the making of a loan not secured by real estate to the operator of such asset.
Legal Counsel
Our manager's legal department will provide legal services to us, such as advice as to corporate governance matters, regulatory requirements, tax matters, litigation matters and such other matters as we or our board of trustees may from time to time reasonably request. In the provision of such legal services our officers and trustees shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be entitled to all attorney-client privileges available and all fiduciary obligations owed by attorneys to their clients under applicable law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to mitigate possible conflicts of interest, if either determined by action of a majority of our independent trustees or, with respect to items (i) and (iv) below, by our manager, at our own cost and expense, shall retain separate external counsel with respect to (i) any disputes between our manager and us arising under the management agreement or any other agreement between our manager and us, (ii) any transaction of the kind described in the first and third bullet points under the heading "Participation" above, (iii) any investment for which a majority of our independent trustees has retained a special servicer or adviser in accordance with the second bullet point under the heading "Participation" above, and (iv) any matter that a majority of our independent trustees or our manager identifies as a situation where the dual representation of us and our manager presents an actual or apparent conflict of interest or where separate external counsel is otherwise appropriate.
This conflicts of interest policy may be amended, restated, modified, supplemented or waived upon the approval of a majority of our independent trustees and a majority of the full board, along with the consent of our manager. In addition, our manager must seek the approval of a majority of our independent trustees before engaging in any transaction that is in contravention of this conflicts of interest policy.
119
TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Upon completion of this offering, our board of trustees will consist of four trustees, including the trustee nominees named below, each of whom has been nominated for election and has consented to serve as a trustee upon completion of this offering. Two of our initial trustees, Mr. Pieczynski, our president and chief executive officer, and Mr. Delaney, our chairman, are CapitalSource employees. We will seek, as required by applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and applicable NYSE rules, a third independent trustee to join our board and serve on our audit committee. Our board of trustees will be elected annually by our shareholders, commencing in 2009 in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of the entire board of trustees may establish, increase or decrease the number of trustees, provided that the number of trustees shall never be less than one nor more than 15. As long as it owns at least 10% of our shares, CapitalSource will have the right to designate a number of trustees to our board. See "Other Arrangements Between CapitalSource and UsMaster Transaction AgreementOther Provisions." All of our executive officers will serve at the discretion of our board of trustees. Our executive officers are employees of our manager or its affiliates and will perform their duties as our executive officers in the fulfillment of our manager's responsibilities under the management agreement. The following table sets forth certain information about our trustees, trustee nominees and executive officers.
Name
|
Age | Position with Us | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
John K. Delaney |
45 | Chairman of the Board of Trustees | |||
James J. Pieczynski |
45 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee | |||
Alexander J. Chavez |
43 | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |||
Imran Javaid |
34 | Chief Accounting Officer and Controller | |||
Steven L. Gilleland |
43 | Chief Development Officer | |||
Elizabeth A. Stone |
44 | General Counsel and Secretary | |||
Bary G. Bailey |
49 | Independent Trustee nominee | |||
William C. Scott |
71 | Independent Trustee nominee |
Biographies for our executive officers, trustees and trustee nominees are as follows:
John K. Delaney
Mr. Delaney, a co-founder of CapitalSource, is the Chief Executive Officer of CapitalSource and Chairman of its Board of Directors. He has been the Chief Executive Officer and has served on CapitalSource's Board of Directors since its inception in 2000. From 1993 until its sale to Heller Financial in 1999, Mr. Delaney was the co-founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of HealthCare Financial Partners, Inc., a provider of commercial financing to small and medium-sized healthcare service companies. Mr. Delaney received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University and his juris doctor degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
James J. Pieczynski
Mr. Pieczynski has served as CapitalSource's Co-PresidentHealthcare and Specialty Finance since January 2006. Mr. Pieczynski served as CapitalSource's Managing DirectorHealthcare Real Estate Group from February 2005 until assuming his current responsibilities and served as CapitalSource's DirectorLong Term Care from November 2001 through January 2005. Prior to joining CapitalSource, Mr. Pieczynski was employed from 1993 until 2001 at LTC Properties, Inc., (NYSE:LTC) which is a healthcare REIT focused on the long-term care sector, where he held a variety of positions including President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Strategic Planning Officer. Mr. Pieczynski received his undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
120
Alexander J. Chavez
Mr. Chavez joined CapitalSource in January 2006 as Director in the Healthcare Real Estate Group. Prior to joining CapitalSource, Alex held various positions at LTC Properties, Inc. (NYSE:LTC), including Director of Finance and Senior Vice President and Treasurer. While at LTC, Mr. Chavez was involved in originating, servicing and financing long-term care assets in the public debt and equity markets. Prior to joining LTC, Mr. Chavez was employed by Ernst & Young, LLP, from 1990 to 1996, where he specialized in the healthcare and real estate sectors and served in various audit capacities, including Audit Manager. Mr. Chavez received his undergraduate degree in accounting from the University of Southern California.
Imran Javaid
Mr. Javaid has served as a Director in the Healthcare Real Estate Group of CapitalSource since January 2006. Mr. Javaid served as an Investment Officer from January 2004 until assuming his current responsibilities and served as an Investment Associate from August 2001 through January 2004. Prior to joining CapitalSource, Mr. Javaid was employed from August 1999 through August 2001, with the Realty Group of The Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington, D.C. Prior to that, Mr. Javaid worked for KPMG, LLP in its Assurance & Advisory Services Group. Mr. Javaid received his undergraduate degree in accounting from Franklin & Marshall College. Mr. Javaid is a CFA charterholder and a CPA.
Steven L. Gilleland
Mr. Gilleland joined CapitalSource in February 2003 and has since served as a Director of Healthcare Real Estate for CapitalSource. From 1998 through 2002, he was a Vice President of Business Development for Centennial Healthcare, where he executed long-term care and home health care and hospice transactions. Prior to his experience at Centennial Healthcare, he served as Director of Marketing for Healthcare Capital Finance/PRN Mortgage Capital for five years where he originated and closed long-term care mortgage financings. Earlier in his career, he was a manager and senior accountant with the accounting firms of Price Waterhouse and Bennett/Thrasher. Mr. Gilleland received his undergraduate degree in accounting and finance from North Carolina State University.
Elizabeth A. Stone
Ms. Stone joined the legal department of the Healthcare Real Estate Group of CapitalSource in March 2006. Prior to joining CapitalSource, Ms. Stone was a partner in the Los Angeles office of the law firm of Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmaro, and also practiced in the Los Angeles offices of Heller Ehrman LLP, where she acted as Special Counsel from 2002 through February 2006. Ms. Stone received her undergraduate degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara and her juris doctor degree from the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law.
Bary G. Bailey
Since May 2007, Mr. Bailey has actively pursued acquisition opportunities working with several private equity firms and has also acted as an independent consultant to companies and entities operating in the life sciences sector. Prior to May 2007, Mr. Bailey served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Valeant Pharmaceuticals from December 2002 to March 2007 and as an Executive Vice President through May 2007. Mr. Bailey previously served as Executive Vice President, Pharmacy and Technology of PacifiCare Health Systems, Inc., a provider of managed care services, from July 2000 to December 2002.
121
William C. Scott
Since March 1998, Mr. Scott has served as a member of the board of directors of Skilled Healthcare Group Inc. and served as its Chairman from March 1998 until April 2005. Since December 1985, Mr. Scott has also held various positions with Summit Care Corporation, including Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, which Skilled Healthcare Group Inc. acquired in March 1998. Mr. Scott served as Senior Vice President of Summit Health, Ltd., Summit's former parent company, from December 1985 until its acquisition by OrNda Healthcorp in April 1994.
TRUSTEE INDEPENDENCE
Upon completion of this offering, our board of trustees will have two independent trustees. Mr. Pieczynski, our president and chief executive officer, and Mr. Delaney, our chairman, are employees of CapitalSource and have been appointed to our board of trustees by CapitalSource.
After
completion of this offering, CapitalSource will own more than 50% of the total voting power of our common shares. As such, we will be deemed to be a "controlled company" under the
rules of the NYSE, and we will qualify for, and intend to rely on, the "controlled company" exception to the board
of trustees and committee composition requirements under the rules of the NYSE. Pursuant to this exception, we will be exempt from the NYSE's requirements
that:
The "controlled company" exception does not modify the independence requirements for the audit committee, and we intend to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, described below, and the NYSE rules, which require that our audit committee be composed of three independent trustees within one year from the date of this prospectus. At such time as we have recruited and selected a qualified third independent trustee to serve on our audit committee, Mr. Pieczynski will resign from his position on that committee.
For a trustee to be "independent" under the NYSE's corporate governance listing standards, our board must affirmatively determine that the trustee has no material relationship with us, either directly or as a partner, shareholder, or officer of an organization that has a relationship with us. In addition, the NYSE's rules set forth certain relationships between a trustee, or an immediate family member of a trustee, and the company which would preclude the board of trustees from determining a trustee to be independent.
SEC rules impose additional independence requirements for all members of the audit committee. These rules set forth two basic criteria. First, audit committee members are barred from accepting, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the company or its affiliate, other than in the member's capacity as a member of the board of trustees and any board committee. The second basic criterion for determining independence provides that a member of the audit committee of a listed company's board may not be an affiliated person of the company or any subsidiary of the company apart from his or her capacity as a member of the board and any board committee. For this purpose, designees of affiliated persons are also disqualified. Our board has determined that Messrs. Bailey and Scott, the trustee nominees who are not CapitalSource employees, are "independent" under these SEC rules.
122
BOARD COMMITTEES
Our board of trustees has established three committees, the principal functions of which are briefly described below. Matters put to a vote by any one of our three committees must be approved by a majority of the trustees on the committee who are present at a meeting, in person or as otherwise permitted by our bylaws, at which there is a quorum or by the unanimous written consent of the trustees on that committee.
Audit Committee
Our board of trustees has established an audit committee, which will be composed of Messrs. Bailey, Scott and Pieczynski. In addition, our audit committee will be required to have a designated "audit committee financial expert" within the meaning of SEC rules. Mr. Bailey will chair the committee and has been determined by our board of trustees to be an audit committee financial expert.
The
audit committee's primary duties and assigned roles will be to:
Compensation Committee
Our board of trustees has established a compensation committee, which will be composed of Messrs. Bailey and Scott.
Mr. Scott will chair the committee. The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:
123
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our board of trustees has established a nominating and corporate governance committee, which will be composed of Messrs. Bailey
and Scott. Mr. Scott will chair the committee. The principal functions of the nominating and corporate governance committee are to:
The nominating and corporate governance committee charter sets forth certain criteria for the committee to consider in evaluating potential trustee nominees. The charter requires that the committee select nominees who have the highest personal and professional integrity, who shall have demonstrated exceptional ability and judgment and who shall be most effective, in conjunction with the other nominees to the board, in collectively serving our long-term interests and those of our shareholders. The committee must also assess whether the candidate possesses the skills, knowledge, perspective, broad business judgment and leadership, relevant specific industry or regulatory affairs knowledge, business creativity and vision, experience, age and diversity, all in the context of an assessment of the perceived needs of the board at that time. For those trustee candidates that appear upon first consideration to meet the committee's criteria, the committee will engage in further research to evaluate their candidacy.
In making recommendations for trustee nominees for the annual meeting of shareholders, the nominating and corporate governance committee will consider any written suggestions of shareholders received by our Secretary by no earlier than November 30, 2008 or later than December 31, 2008, or, for future years, not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the prior year's annual meeting of shareholders. Suggestions must be mailed to CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362, Attn: Secretary. The manner in which trustee nominee candidates, suggested in accordance with this policy, are evaluated does not differ from the manner in which candidates recommended by other sources are evaluated.
Communicating with the Board
Consistent with the NYSE's corporate governance listing standards, our Principles of Corporate Governance call for the non-officer trustees to meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. Mr. Bailey has been selected to serve as the presiding independent trustee at any executive sessions held prior to our 2009 annual meeting.
Interested parties, including shareholders, may communicate their concerns directly to the full board, the presiding independent trustee or the non-officer trustees as a group by writing to the board of trustees, the presiding independent trustee or the non-officer trustees, c/o CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362, Attn: Presiding Trustee or Non-Management Trustees c/o Secretary.
124
CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS
Our board has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to each of our trustees and officers as well as the
employees of CapitalSource involved in our business. This Code sets forth our policies and expectations on a number of topics, including:
We have established and implemented formal "whistleblower" procedures for receiving and handling complaints of employees of CapitalSource and others. As discussed in the Code, we have made an e-mail address and a telephone hotline available for reporting illegal or unethical behavior as well as questionable accounting or auditing matters and other accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters on a confidential, anonymous basis. Any concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters reported via e-mail or to this hotline are communicated directly to the audit committee.
The audit committee will review the Code on an annual basis, and the board will review and act upon any proposed additions or amendments to the Code as appropriate. The Code will be posted on our website. You may also obtain a copy of the Code without charge by writing to: CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362, Attn: Secretary. Any waivers of the Code for executive officers or trustees will be posted on our website and similarly provided without charge upon written request to this address.
PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our Principles of Corporate Governance address a number of other topics, including:
Our nominating and corporate governance committee will review the Principles of Corporate Governance on an annual basis, and the board will review and act upon any proposed additions or amendments to the Principles of Corporate Governance as appropriate. The Principles of Corporate Governance will be posted on our website. You may also obtain a copy of our Principles of Corporate Governance without charge by writing to: CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362, Attn: Secretary.
125
TRUSTEE COMPENSATION
Prior to completion of this offering, we have not paid any cash compensation or granted any equity-based awards to any of the members of our board of trustees, and none of our trustees or trustee nominees held any awards in the form of or relating to our common shares. We have approved and intend to implement a compensation program for our non-officer trustees, including Mr. Delaney and each of the independent trustee nominees, that consists of annual retainer fees and long-term equity awards.
We intend to pay our non-officer trustees an annual retainer fee of $50,000, payable quarterly. In addition, the chair of our audit committee also will be paid an annual retainer of $10,000, and the chairs of our compensation committee and our nominating and corporate governance committee each also will be paid an annual retainer of $5,000, in each case payable quarterly in cash. Although we will reimburse our trustees for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with performance of their duties as trustees, including, without limitation, travel expenses in connection with their attendance at board and committee meetings, we will not pay any trustee a separate fee for meetings attended. Furthermore, trustees will not receive any perquisites or above-market nonqualified deferred compensation plan earnings.
Our non-officer trustees may elect to receive their annual retainers and chair committee fees in whole or in part in the form of cash, immediately vested common shares or RSUs, based on the closing market price of our common shares on the grant date.
Upon completion of this offering, we will also grant each of our non-officer trustees an award covering 2,564 shares made either in the form of restricted common shares or RSUs at the option of the trustee. A RSU is an unfunded right to receive one common share at a future date. Following completion of this offering, in connection with each annual meeting of shareholders commencing in 2009, each of our non-officer trustees will receive $50,000 payable in the form of either restricted common shares or RSUs, at the option of the trustee. Vesting for all grants, including the grants made at completion of this offering, will occur on the date of the next annual meeting, with acceleration upon termination due to death, disability, or involuntary termination of service as a result of a change in control. If a trustee elects to receive restricted shares, dividends on unvested shares will be paid in additional restricted common shares that will vest on the same terms as the shares on which such dividends are paid. If a trustee elects to receive RSUs, the RSUs will be converted to shares at the earlier of three years from grant or termination from board service unless the trustee elects a later date for conversion. During the deferral period, dividend equivalents will be credited and deemed reinvested automatically in additional RSUs.
Mr. Pieczynski will not receive any separate compensation in his capacity as a trustee.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
We have no employees. We are managed by CapitalSource Finance LLC, our manager, pursuant to a management agreement. All of our named executive officers are employees of our manager or one of its affiliates. We have not paid, and we do not intend to pay, any cash compensation to our executive officers and we do not currently intend to adopt any policies with respect thereto. Our management agreement provides that CapitalSource will provide us with a management team, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, chief development officer and general counsel, or similar positions. We do not have agreements with any of our executive officers or any employees of our manager with respect to their cash compensation. CapitalSource will determine the levels of base salary and cash incentive compensation that may be earned by our executive officers, based on the time required for the performance of the duties of our manager under the management
126
agreement and such other factors as CapitalSource may determine are appropriate. CapitalSource will also determine whether and to what extent our executive officers will be provided with pension, deferred compensation and other employee benefits plans and programs. We will not control how such fees will be allocated by CapitalSource to its employees. For a description of our management agreement, see "Management Agreement."
Cash compensation paid to our executive officers is paid by our manager or its affiliates from the base management fee paid by us under the management agreement. This fee, based on 0.50% of the average daily value of our gross invested assets, was determined following negotiations between our manager and us within the framework of the comparable general and administrative expenses incurred by other healthcare REITs. We do not control how such fee is allocated by our manager to its employees. In addition, we understand that, because the services performed by our manager's employees, including our executive officers, are not performed exclusively for us, our manager is not able to segregate that portion of the cash compensation paid to our executive officers by our manager or its affiliates that relates to their services to us.
We will not pay incentive compensation to our manager, nor do we intend to award cash-based incentive compensation to our manager's employees performing services to us. Instead, to allow our executive officers and other employees of our manager performing services to us to share in the creation of value for our shareholders, we will make grants of restricted common shares to certain of our executive officers and other CapitalSource employees, effective as of the consummation of this offering, as discussed further in the table following "Equity Incentive Plan." These awards recognize such individuals' efforts in connection with our formation and this offering. We believe these awards will provide our officers and the other CapitalSource employees providing services under the management agreement with appropriate incentives to ensure their interests are aligned with those of our shareholders. In addition, CapitalSource has informed us that it views these awards as part of the overall compensation packages offered by CapitalSource to the recipients and will consider the value of these awards to the recipients in determining the scope and magnitude of any equity incentive grants denominated in CapitalSource stock that may be made to the recipients in the future. As a new company, our compensation committee has not yet adopted a policy with respect to future grants of equity awards to our executive officers. We anticipate that such determinations will be made based on factors such as the desire to retain such officers' services over the long-term. In addition, our compensation committee may determine to make awards to new executive officers in order to attract talented professionals to serve us.
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
We have adopted the CapitalSource Healthcare REIT Equity Plan (the "Equity Plan"), which provides for the issuance of equity-based awards, including share options, share appreciation rights (SARs), restricted shares, RSUs, unrestricted share awards and other awards based on our common shares that may be made by us to our trustees and officers and to our advisors and consultants, including our manager, who are providing services to us (which may include employees of CapitalSource and its affiliates) as of the date of the grant of the award.
The material features of the Equity Plan are summarized below. The complete text of the Equity Plan is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
General
The total number of shares reserved for issuance is 1,700,000. Any shares that may be issued under the Equity Plan to any person pursuant to an award are counted against this limit as one (1) share for every one (1) share granted. The maximum number of shares that may be issued to any person in one calendar year as options or SARs is 600,000, and the maximum number shares that can be issued to
127
any person in one calendar year, other than in the form of options, SARs or time-vested restricted stock, is 400,000. However, the maximum amount of options or SARs that may be issued under the Equity Plan in the first year that the person is first employed by us or any of our affiliates is 900,000 and the maximum amount of awards other than options or SARs for such time shall be 600,000. The maximum amount that may be earned as an annual incentive award or other cash award in any fiscal year by any one person is $3,000,000 and the maximum amount that may be earned as a performance award or other cash award in respect of a performance period by any one person is $5,000,000. However, the maximum amount that may be earned as an annual incentive award or performance award in respect of any fiscal year or performance period by any person who is first employed by us or our affiliates, including our manager, or eligible for an award commencing with or immediately following the year in which first employed by us or any of our affiliates is $5,000,000 and $7,500,000, respectively.
Purposes
The purposes of the Equity Plan are to enable us to attract and retain highly qualified trustees and to enable CapitalSource to provide incentives to its personnel who will contribute to our success in a manner linked directly to increases in shareholder value.
Administration
The Equity Plan will be administered by the compensation committee of our board. Subject to the terms of the Equity Plan, the compensation committee, or its delegates pursuant to the Equity Plan, may select participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Equity Plan.
Source of Shares
The common shares issued or to be issued under the Equity Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any shares covered by an award are not purchased or are forfeited, if an award is settled in cash or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any shares, then the number of common shares counted against the aggregate number of shares available under the Equity Plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be available for making awards under the Equity Plan as one (1) share. The number of shares available under the Equity Plan will be increased by any shares tendered or withheld or an award surrendered in connection with the exercise of an option, any shares deducted from an award payment in connection with withholding obligations, any shares purchased by us with proceeds from option exercises and any shares not issued in connection with stock-settled SARs.
Eligibility
Awards may be made under the Equity Plan to our or our affiliates' trustees, directors and officers, and to our manager's or their affiliates' employees, officers, directors or trustees and our other advisors or consultants providing services to us, our manager, or our affiliates, an employee of our manager providing services to us, and to any other individual whose participation in the Equity Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board.
Amendment or Termination of the Equity Plan
While our board may terminate or amend the Equity Plan at any time, no amendment may adversely impair the rights of grantees with respect to outstanding awards. In addition, an amendment will be contingent on approval of our shareholders to the extent required by law or if the amendment would materially increase the benefits accruing to participants under the Equity Plan, materially
128
increase the aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Equity Plan, or materially modify the requirements as to eligibility for participation in the Equity Plan. Unless terminated earlier, the Equity Plan will terminate in 2018, but will continue to govern unexpired awards.
Options
The Equity Plan permits the granting of options to purchase common shares intended to qualify as "incentive stock options" under the Internal Revenue Code, referred to as incentive stock options, and options that do not qualify as incentive stock options, referred to as non-qualified stock options.
The exercise price of each option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant as determined pursuant to the Equity Plan. If we were to grant incentive stock options to any 10% shareholder, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. We may grant options in substitution for options held by employees of companies that we may acquire. In this case, the exercise price would be adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee's stock option from his or her former employer. Such options granted in substitution shall not count against the shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan.
The term of each option may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committee will determine at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment during which options may be exercised. Options may be made exercisable in installments. The exercisability of options may be accelerated by the compensation committee or our board. The exercise price of an option may not be amended or modified after the grant of the option, and an option may not be surrendered in consideration of or exchanged for a grant of a new option having an exercise price below that of the option which was surrendered or exchanged.
In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by cash, certified check or by tendering our common shares.
Options granted under the Equity Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descent and distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of non-qualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estate planning concerns.
Other Awards
The following may also be awarded under the Equity Plan:
129
Business Criteria
In establishing performance goals for awards intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code to be granted
to covered officers, we will use one or more of the following business criteria as selected by the compensation committee:
130
Adjustments for Share Dividends and Similar Events
We will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect share dividends, share splits, spin-offs and other similar events.
Extraordinary Vesting Events
If we experience a Corporate Transaction, the compensation committee will have full authority to determine the effect, if any, on the vesting, exercisability, settlement, payment or lapse of restrictions applicable to an award. The effect of a Corporate Transaction may be specified in a participant's award agreement or determined at a subsequent time, including, without limitation, the substitution of new awards, the termination or the adjustment of outstanding awards, the acceleration of awards or the removal of restrictions on outstanding awards. A Corporate Transaction under the Equity Plan means (1) our dissolution; (2) our merger, consolidation or reorganization with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity; (3) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity; or (4) any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity (other than already existing shareholders or affiliates) owning 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares of beneficial interest.
Initial Grants
Effective as of the completion of this offering, we will grant awards covering an aggregate of 259,692 shares under the Equity Plan to our trustees, executive officers and certain other employees of CapitalSource who are not our officers, as shown in the table below. Trustees may elect to receive their awards in the form of restricted common shares or RSUs, as described under "Trustee Compensation." Dividends on unvested restricted shares and RSUs granted to our trustees, executive officers and other CapitalSource employees will be paid in additional restricted common shares or RSUs, as applicable, that will vest on the same terms as the shares or RSUs, as applicable, on which such dividends are paid.
Name
|
Title | Shares Underlying Award | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
James J. Pieczynski |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee | 102,500 | |||||
Alexander J. Chavez |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | 61,500 | |||||
Imran Javaid |
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller | 41,000 | |||||
Steven L. Gilleland |
Chief Development Officer | 25,500 | |||||
Elizabeth A. Stone |
General Counsel and Secretary | 6,100 | |||||
John K. Delaney |
Chairman of the Board | 2,564 | |||||
Bary G. Bailey |
Independent Trustee nominee | 2,564 | |||||
William C. Scott |
Independent Trustee nominee | 2,564 | |||||
Other CapitalSource Employees |
15,400 | ||||||
Total |
259,692 | ||||||
The awards granted to Messrs. Pieczynski, Chavez, Javaid and Gilleland will vest ratably over five years. The awards granted to other CapitalSource employees, including Ms. Stone, will vest ratably over three years. The awards granted to our non-officer trustees will vest at our 2009 annual meeting.
131
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
We have adopted a deferred compensation plan that will permit deferral of equity awards, bonuses and RSU grants into the deferred compensation plan. Our trustees may also elect to defer payment of their retainers and equity awards under the terms of the deferred compensation plan. Consultants or advisers are also eligible to participate in the plan and may defer equity awards, bonuses and RSU grants. Amounts deferred under the plan will be deemed to be invested in CapitalSource Healthcare REIT common share units and ultimately will be payable in the form of CapitalSource Healthcare REIT common shares at the earlier of termination of employment or the date elected by the participant. Earlier distributions are permitted only in the case of financial hardship. Distributions from the deferred compensation plan will be accelerated on a change in control of our company. A share unit is an unfunded right to receive one CapitalSource Healthcare REIT common share at a future date. Share units may be credited with dividend equivalents each time CapitalSource Healthcare REIT makes a distribution on its common shares.
132
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common shares by (1) each of our trustees and trustee nominees, (2) each of our executive officers, (3) all of our trustees, trustee nominees and executive officers as a group, and (4) CapitalSource, the sole selling shareholder participating in this offering, immediately prior to and as of the completion of this offering. This table gives effect to the expected issuance of common shares to CapitalSource in connection with our formation transactions and to the grant of 259,692 shares to our officers, non-officer trustees, and certain other employees of CapitalSource who are not our officers. Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power. The SEC has defined "beneficial" ownership of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power. A shareholder is also deemed to be, as of any date, the beneficial owner of all securities that such shareholder has the right to acquire within 60 days after that date through (a) the exercise of any option, warrant or right, (b) the conversion of a security, (c) the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement, or (d) the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed below is c/o CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, 30699 Russell Ranch Road, Suite 200 Westlake Village, CA 91362.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
|
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering |
Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering |
Number of Shares Being Sold in this Offering(3) |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering |
Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CapitalSource Inc.(1)(2)(3) |
41,845,308 | 99.4 | % | 14,000,000 | 27,845,308 | 66 | % | ||||||||||
CSE Mortgage LLC(1)(3) |
41,845,308 | 99.4 | % | 14,000,000 | 27,845,308 | 66 | % | ||||||||||
James J. Pieczynski |
102,500 | * | 0 | 102,500 | * | ||||||||||||
Alexander J. Chavez |
61,500 | * | 0 | 61,500 | * | ||||||||||||
Imran Javaid(1) |
41,000 | * | 0 | 41,000 | * | ||||||||||||
Steven L. Gilleland(4) |
25,500 | * | 0 | 25,500 | * | ||||||||||||
Elizabeth A. Stone |
6,100 | * | 0 | 6,100 | * | ||||||||||||
John K. Delaney(1)(5) |
2,564 | * | 0 | 2,564 | * | ||||||||||||
Bary G. Bailey(5) |
2,564 | * | 0 | 2,564 | * | ||||||||||||
William C. Scott(5) |
2,564 | * | 0 | 2,564 | * | ||||||||||||
All trustees, trustee nominees and executive officers as a group (8 persons) |
244,292 | * | 0 | 244,292 | * |
133
OTHER ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN CAPITALSOURCE AND US
Relationship with CapitalSource
Immediately prior to this offering, CapitalSource will be our only shareholder. After this offering, CapitalSource will own 27,845,308 of our common shares, representing approximately 66% of our total outstanding common shares. For as long as CapitalSource continues to own common shares representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our outstanding shares, and notwithstanding the existence of the management agreement described elsewhere, CapitalSource will be able to direct the election and removal of all members of our board of trustees and control our business and affairs. Similarly, while it holds a majority of our outstanding shares, under our declaration of trust and bylaws, CapitalSource will have the power to require us to take action by delivering a written consent, instead of waiting until a shareholder meeting can be called. Consequently, as our majority shareholder, CapitalSource will be able to control our operations, will have the power to cause or prevent a change in control, and could take other actions that might be favorable to CapitalSource. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest."
Prior to the completion of this offering, in addition to the management agreement, we will enter into a Master Transaction Agreement and other agreements with CapitalSource setting forth various matters governing our relationship with CapitalSource. These agreements will govern our relationship with CapitalSource after this offering and will provide for, among other things, the allocation of tax and other liabilities and obligations attributable or related to periods or events prior to and in connection with this offering.
Set forth below are descriptions of certain agreements, relationships and transactions we will have with CapitalSource.
Master Transaction Agreement
We will enter into a master transaction agreement with CapitalSource prior to the completion of this offering, which we refer to as the Master Transaction Agreement. The Master Transaction Agreement will set forth our agreements with CapitalSource regarding the principal transactions required to effect the transfer of assets and the assumption of liabilities necessary to complete our formation and acquisition of assets from CapitalSource. It also will set forth other agreements governing our relationship immediately prior to and after these formation transactions.
The Contribution
CapitalSource will, and will cause its affiliates to, transfer to us the assets related to our business, as described in this prospectus. This will involve, in part, the transfer of the shares or other equity interests of certain of CapitalSource's current subsidiaries. We or our subsidiaries will assume and agree to perform, discharge and fulfill the liabilities related to our business following the contribution. If any governmental approval or other consent required to transfer any assets to us or for us to assume any liabilities is not obtained prior to the completion of this offering, we and CapitalSource have agreed that such transfer or assumption will be deferred until the necessary approvals or consents are obtained, in which case CapitalSource would continue to hold the assets under the direction of our board of trustees and be responsible for the liabilities for our benefit and at our expense until the necessary approvals or consents are obtained. We anticipate that the transfer of each of the entities holding properties that are encumbered by an aggregate of $56.4 million of HUD financing may be delayed pending HUD approval, which has been requested but not yet obtained.
Certain of the assets that will be transferred to us are encumbered by the mortgage indebtedness described under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesMortgage Debt." CapitalSource will continue to provide a limited guarantee with respect to approximately $276.6 million in principal amount of the
134
indebtedness we will assume and will remain a co-borrower on our $20 million of junior subordinated term debt. CapitalSource has also agreed to contribute equity to us in an amount sufficient to permit us to repay all of the related party debt we owe CapitalSource, which approximated $247.7 million as of June 30, 2008. For more information on this related party debt, see Note 7, Borrowings, to the audited combined financial statements, "Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources" contained elsewhere in this prospectus.
Except as expressly set forth in the Master Transaction Agreement or in any other transaction document, neither we nor CapitalSource will make any representation or warranty as to the assets, business or liabilities contributed, transferred or assumed as part of the contribution transactions, as to the absence of defenses, right to setoff or counterclaim with respect to any claim or asset or the legal sufficiency of any contribution, assignment, document or instrument delivered to convey title to any asset transferred.
Except as expressly set forth in the Master Transaction Agreement or any transfer document, all assets will be transferred on an "as is, where is" basis, and we and our subsidiaries will agree to bear the economic and legal risks that any conveyance was insufficient to vest in us good title, free and clear of any security interest, and that any necessary consents or approvals are not obtained or that any requirements of laws or judgments are not complied with.
Auditors and Audits; Annual Financial Statements and Accounting
We have agreed that, for so long as CapitalSource is required to consolidate our results of operations and financial position or account for its investment in us using the equity method of accounting, we will not change our independent auditors without CapitalSource's prior written consent, unless required by law, and we will use our best efforts to enable our independent auditors to complete their audit of our financial statements in a timely manner so as to permit timely filing of CapitalSource's financial statements. We have also agreed to provide to CapitalSource and its independent auditors all information required for CapitalSource to meet its schedule for the filing and distribution of its financial statements and to make available to CapitalSource and its independent auditors all documents necessary for the annual audit of our company as well as access to the responsible personnel (who will be CapitalSource employees for so long as the management agreement remains in place) so that CapitalSource and its independent auditors may conduct their audits relating to our financial statements. We have also agreed to adhere to certain specified CapitalSource accounting policies and to notify and consult with CapitalSource regarding any changes to our accounting principles and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements, and any deficiencies in, or violations of law in connection with, our internal control over financial reporting. We have also agreed to make changes to our accounting estimates or principles reasonably requested by CapitalSource, unless objected to by our independent auditors, for these to be consistent with those of CapitalSource.
Tax Matters
Treatment of the Contribution
For federal income tax purposes, the contribution of assets by CapitalSource to us is intended to be treated as a taxable sale of those assets by CapitalSource. Accordingly, we will be treated as having acquired the properties with a basis equal to their fair market value as of the date of this offering.
Liability for Taxes
Each party has agreed to indemnify the other in respect of all taxes for which it is responsible under the Master Transaction Agreement. CapitalSource is generally responsible for all federal, state, local and foreign income (and similar) taxes of those entities which are to be acquired by us from
135
CapitalSource in the contribution transactions, in each case, for all tax periods (or portions of tax periods) ending on or before the closing of this offering, and will be entitled to all refunds of any such taxes for such periods (or portions thereof). We generally will be responsible for all other taxes (and entitled to all refunds) of or to, as the case may be, those entities and assets which are to be acquired from CapitalSource in connection with the contribution transactions.
Transaction Taxes
CapitalSource will, and will cause its subsidiaries to, contribute to us the assets related to our business not currently owned by us, as described in this prospectus. CapitalSource generally will be responsible for any transfer, stamp, recording, and similar taxes resulting from such contribution.
Preparation and Filing of Tax Returns
CapitalSource will be responsible for the preparation and filing of all federal, state, local and foreign income (and similar) tax returns of those entities which are to be acquired by us from CapitalSource for all tax periods ending on or before the closing of this offering, and will have sole authority to manage the conduct of all audits, investigations, or other proceedings relating to such tax periods with respect to such taxes.
Miscellaneous
We and CapitalSource have agreed to cooperate following the closing to (1) assess the state, local, and/or foreign income (and similar) tax implications of the transactions contemplated by the Master Transaction Agreement on our respective groups (because, for instance, we and/or one or more of subsidiaries may be part of a combined or unitary group for state, local, or foreign income tax purposes with one or more of CapitalSource and its subsidiaries after the closing), and (2) if we agree that a tax sharing agreement relating to such matters is appropriate, use commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate the specific terms of any such agreement, which will be generally consistent with the allocation of tax liabilities provided for by the Master Transaction Agreement.
Exchange of Other Information
The Master Transaction Agreement will also provide for other arrangements with respect to the mutual sharing of information between CapitalSource and us in order to comply with reporting, filing or audit requirements, for use in judicial proceedings, and in order to comply with our respective obligations after the contribution transactions. Until the fifth anniversary of the first date on which CapitalSource is not required to report on a consolidated basis the operations of our company, we and CapitalSource will agree to provide mutual access to historical records relating to businesses that may be in our possession.
Releases and Indemnification
Except for each party's obligations under the Master Transaction Agreement, the other transaction documents and certain other specified liabilities, we and CapitalSource will release and discharge each other and each of our affiliates from all liabilities existing or arising between us on or before the contribution, including in connection with the contribution. The releases will not extend to obligations or liabilities under any agreements between CapitalSource and us that remain in effect following the contribution or to liabilities that CapitalSource may have to us in connection with this offering.
136
We will indemnify, hold harmless and defend CapitalSource, each of its affiliates and each of their respective directors, trustees, members, managers, officers, employees and agents from
and against all liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from:
CapitalSource will indemnify, hold harmless and defend us, each of our affiliates and each of our and their respective directors, trustees, members, managers, agents or officers, from
and against all liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from:
The Master Transaction Agreement will also specify procedures with respect to claims subject to indemnification and related matters and will provide for contribution in the event that indemnification is not available to an indemnified party.
Expenses of the Contribution Transactions and Our Initial Public Offering
CapitalSource will pay or reimburse us for all out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses (including all legal, accounting and printing expenses) incurred in connection with the contribution and this offering.
137
Disputes
Any dispute or claim between us and CapitalSource arising out of or relating to the Master Transaction Agreement that is not resolved in the normal course of business must be brought in the state courts of Maryland. Both we and CapitalSource will agree to waive trial by jury in any such litigation.
Other Provisions
The Master Transaction Agreement also will contain covenants between CapitalSource and us with respect to the
following:
Approval Rights of CapitalSource
For so long as CapitalSource owns 50% or more of our outstanding shares or the management agreement remains in place, we have agreed
that we will:
138
Registration Rights Agreement
We will enter into a registration rights agreement with CapitalSource prior to the completion of this offering to provide CapitalSource with registration rights relating to our outstanding common shares held by CapitalSource after this offering. In this prospectus, we refer to this agreement as the Registration Rights Agreement.
CapitalSource may assign its rights under the Registration Rights Agreement to any person that acquires at least 1 million of our outstanding common shares subject to the
agreement and agrees to be bound by the terms of the agreement. Subject to certain limitations, CapitalSource and its permitted transferees may require us to register under the Securities Act all or
any portion of these shares through a "demand registration." We are not obligated to effect the following:
We may defer the filing of a registration statement for a period of up to 90 days after a demand request has been made if at the time of such request we are engaged in confidential business activities, which would be required to be disclosed in the registration statement, and our board of trustees or a majority of independent trustees determines that such disclosure would be materially detrimental to us and our shareholders, or prior to receiving such request, we had determined to effect a registered underwritten public offering of our securities for our account and we have taken substantial steps to effect such offering.
Subject to our deferral rights described above, CapitalSource and its permitted transferees have unlimited rights to request registration of their shares on Form S-3 once we are eligible to use that form provided the request is for a number of common shares with a market value that is at least $25 million. Additionally, CapitalSource and its permitted transferees have "piggyback" registration rights, which means that CapitalSource and its permitted transferees may include their respective shares in any future registrations of our equity securities, whether or not that registration relates to a primary offering by us or a secondary offering by or on behalf of any of our shareholders. These demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights are each subject to market cutback exceptions.
We will pay all costs and expenses in connection with any demand or piggyback registration, including up to $100,000 of reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to selling shareholders, except underwriting discounts, commissions or fees attributable to the common shares sold by CapitalSource and its permitted transferees. The Registration Rights Agreement will set forth customary registration procedures, including an agreement by us to make our management available for road show presentations in connection with any underwritten offerings. We will also agree to indemnify CapitalSource and its permitted transferees with respect to liabilities resulting from untrue statements or omissions of material fact in any registration statement used in any such registration, other than untrue statements or omissions of material fact resulting from information furnished to us for use in the registration statement by CapitalSource or any permitted transferee. While the management agreement remains in effect, our obligation to indemnify CapitalSource will be limited to liabilities
139
relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact based on information provided to us for inclusion in any such registration statement by persons other than CapitalSource employees.
The
rights of CapitalSource and its permitted transferees under the Registration Rights Agreement will remain in effect with respect to the common shares covered by the agreement until
those shares:
Lender Assignment Agreement
We will enter into a lender assignment agreement with CSE Mortgage LLC and CapitalSource Finance LLC immediately prior to the completion of this offering pursuant to which we will acquire our $150 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. Under the terms of this agreement, CSE Mortgage LLC will contribute, transfer and assign to us all of its rights, title and interest in a $150 million principal portion of the Genesis mezzanine loan, and we will accept and assume the assignment and agree to be a lender under, and therefore be bound by the terms and conditions of, the mezzanine term loan agreement among FC-Gen Acquisition, Inc., FC-Gen Investment, LLC, CapitalSource, Citicorp USA, Inc. and any other financial institutions that may become a party to that agreement. As a co-lender under the mezzanine loan, we will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of all interest and fees payable to the lenders thereunder. Our interest as a co-lender under the Genesis mezzanine loan will be subject to the terms of an intercreditor agreement with General Electric Capital Corporation, the administrative agent for the lenders of a loan senior to the Genesis mezzanine loan. The terms of this intercreditor agreement and the mezzanine term loan agreement limit our ability to transfer or encumber our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. In addition, under the terms of the intercreditor agreement, we and the other co-lenders under the Genesis mezzanine loan will have the right to cure certain monetary and non-monetary defaults under the senior loan agreement. If we decide to participate in the cure of a monetary default, we will be required to remit an amount equal to our pro rata share of the amount necessary to cure the default based upon how much of the outstanding principal balance of the Genesis mezzanine loan we hold relative to how much is held by all lenders participating in the cure of the monetary default. We also will have the right to participate in the purchase of the senior loan, including the piece of that loan held by CapitalSource, under certain circumstances as set forth in the intercreditor agreement.
Joint Venture Title Insurance Agreement
CapitalSource is the 50% owner of Commercial Title Partners LLC, a provider of title agency services in connection with commercial property sales and financings. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement with its partner in the venture, CapitalSource and our manager have agreed, whenever practical, to refer to Commercial Title Partners any title services that may be required in connection with commercial real estate closings where we or CapitalSource are the acquirer, and to recommend the services of Commercial Title Partners to third parties obtaining financing from CapitalSource or us. We expect to use Commercial Title Partners to perform the title agency services in connection with obtaining the title insurance policies required by the lenders in connection with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility, which we estimate will result in commissions to Commercial Title Partners in the amount of approximately $200,000.
140
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
The following is a summary of the material terms of our shares of beneficial interest. The discussion that follows is based in part on the terms of our declaration of trust and bylaws as both will be in effect upon completion of this offering. All references to the declaration of trust and bylaws are to these amended versions, copies of which have been filed as exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information."
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
We are authorized to issue up to 650,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. Holders of our common shares will be entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of trustees, out of funds legally available for distribution. If we fail to pay dividends on our outstanding preferred shares of beneficial interest, if any are then outstanding, generally we may not pay dividends on or repurchase our common shares. If we were to liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs, holders of common shares would be entitled to share equally and ratably in any assets available for distribution to them, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and other liabilities and the preferential amounts owing with respect to any of our outstanding preferred shares. Holders of common shares will have no preemptive rights, which means they have no right to acquire any additional common shares that we may issue at a later date.
The holders of our common shares will be entitled to cast one vote for each share on all matters presented to our shareholders for a vote. Our common shares will be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common shares are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred shares which we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest
We are authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. Our declaration of trust provides that preferred shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series and gives our board of trustees broad authority to fix the dividend and distribution rights, conversion and voting rights, if any, redemption provisions and liquidation preferences of each series of preferred shares. Holders of preferred shares will have no preemptive rights. The preferred shares will be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
Power to Reclassify Shares and Issue Additional Shares
Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to classify any unissued preferred shares and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued common shares and preferred shares of any series from time to time in one or more series, as authorized by the board of trustees. Prior to issuance of any classified or reclassified shares of a particular class or series, our board of trustees is required by the Maryland REIT law and our declaration of trust to set for each such class or series, subject to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the restrictions on transfer of shares of beneficial interest, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series. As a result, our board of trustees could authorize the issuance of preferred shares or equity shares that have priority over the common shares with respect to dividends and rights upon liquidation and with other terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of common shares or otherwise might be in their best interest.
141
Holders of our common shares will not have preemptive rights, which means they will have no right to acquire any additional shares that we may issue at a subsequent date.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
To qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, our shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares (after taking into account options to acquire shares) may be owned, directly, indirectly or through attribution, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. Under the rules applicable to REITs, corporations are not considered "individuals" for purposes of this test and, as a result, CapitalSource's ownership of greater than 50% of our common shares will not, in and of itself, cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy these requirements after the completion of the offering.
To
maintain our qualification as a REIT, our declaration of trust will include restrictions on the number of our shares that a person may own. The declaration of trust will
provide:
We intend to grant CapitalSource (including, for these purposes, its wholly owned subsidiaries) an exemption to own up to 79% of our outstanding common shares. We also intend to grant to those persons that are treated as owning common shares in excess of our ownership limits solely as a result of CapitalSource's ownership of our common shares an exemption of such ownership, so long as no such person that is treated as an "individual" under the Internal Revenue Code for these purposes is treated as owning more than 9.8% of our common shares solely as a result of CapitalSource's ownership of our common shares; for these purposes, John K. Delaney, our chairman, and certain persons and trusts related to him, will constitute a single "individual." Such exemptions will be
142
conditioned on certain representations made, and certain covenants agreed to, by CapitalSource, and will be effective immediately upon the completion of this offering. We believe that these exemptions will not jeopardize our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Our declaration of trust defines a "designated investment entity" as:
Under the declaration of trust, the board of trustees may exempt a shareholder that is not an individual from the 5.0% ownership limit for common shares, the 9.9% ownership limit for preferred shares, or the ownership limit for common shares applicable to designated investment entities, if such shareholder provides information and makes representations to the board of trustees that are satisfactory to the board of trustees, in its sole and absolute discretion, to establish that such person's ownership in excess of the applicable ownership limit would not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire actual or beneficial or constructive ownership of our shares that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as the board of trustees may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT. If any transfer of shares or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limits described above, then the declaration of trust provides that (a) the transfer will be void and of no force or effect with respect to the prohibited transferee with respect to that number of shares that exceeds the ownership limits and (b) the prohibited transferee would not acquire any right or interest in the shares. The foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Any certificates we may issue representing our shares will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Every owner of more than 5% (or such lower percentage as required by the Internal Revenue Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of all classes or series of our shares, including common shares, will be required to give written notice to us within 30 days after the end of each taxable year stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares of each class and series of shares that the owner beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to us such additional information as the board of trustees may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the various ownership limitations. In addition, each shareholder shall
143
upon demand be required to provide to the board of trustees such information as the board of trustees may request, in good faith, in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
These ownership limitations could delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the common shares or might otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our shares initially will be American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws
Number of Trustees; Vacancies
Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide that the number of our trustees will be established by a vote of a majority of the members of our board of trustees. We expect to have four trustees upon completion of the offering. Our bylaws provide in general that any vacancy, including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of trustees, may be filled by a majority of the remaining trustees, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum. An exception to this exists in a situation where a trustee has been removed by the vote of our shareholders, as discussed below. In this situation, our shareholders will be required to elect a trustee to fill the resulting vacancy by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of trustees. Pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement we will enter into with CapitalSource in connection with its contribution to us of our initial assets, CapitalSource will be granted the right to designate a number of trustees to our board, depending on the percentage of shares then held by CapitalSource. Should a trustee designated by CapitalSource vacate his or her position on our board for any reason, CapitalSource will have the right to fill such vacancy, as more fully discussed under "Other Arrangements Between CapitalSource and Us."
Removal of Trustees
Our declaration of trust provides that a trustee may be removed upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of trustees.
Business Combinations
Our board of trustees has adopted a resolution that exempts transactions with CapitalSource and its current and future affiliates, or
any other "interested shareholder," from the provisions of the Maryland business combination statute described below. Our board may opt to make these provisions applicable to transactions between us
and any interested shareholder, other than CapitalSource and its current and future affiliates. Maryland law prohibits "business combinations" between us and an interested shareholder or an affiliate
of an interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. These business combinations include a merger,
consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested shareholder
as:
144
A person is not an interested shareholder if our board of trustees approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested shareholder. However, in approving a transaction, our board of trustees may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by our board of trustees.
After
the five-year prohibition, any business combination between us and an interested shareholder generally must be recommended by our board of trustees and approved by the
affirmative vote of at least:
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if our common shareholders receive a minimum price, as described under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares.
Control Share Acquisitions
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting any and all acquisitions of our common shares from the control shares provisions of Maryland
law. Except in the case of CapitalSource, our board of trustees may opt to make these provisions applicable to us at any time by amending or repealing this bylaw provision in the future, and may do so
on a retroactive basis. Maryland law provides that "control shares" of a Maryland REIT acquired in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights unless approved by a vote of
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror or by officers or trustees are excluded from the shares entitled to vote on the matter. "Control
shares" are voting shares that, if aggregated with all other shares previously acquired by the acquiring person, or in respect of which the acquiring person is able to exercise or direct the exercise
of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiring person to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power in electing trustees within one of the
following ranges of voting power:
A "control share acquisition" means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel our board of trustees to call a special meeting of shareholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the special meeting. If no request for a special meeting is made, we may present the question at any shareholders' meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the shareholders' meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver the statement required by Maryland law, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved, for fair value. Fair value is determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares and as of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any meeting of shareholders at which the voting rights of the shares were considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a shareholders' meeting, the acquiror may then vote a majority of the shares
145
entitled to vote, and all other shareholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares for purposes of these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if we are a party to the transaction, nor does it apply to acquisitions approved by or exempted by our declaration of trust or bylaws.
Merger, Amendment of Declaration of Trust or Bylaws
Under Maryland REIT law, a Maryland REIT generally cannot dissolve, amend its declaration of trust or merge with another entity unless recommended by the trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, is set forth in the REIT's declaration of trust. In our declaration of trust, we have set the vote required to approve most amendments of our declaration of trust and mergers required to be submitted to our shareholders at a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In addition, under the Maryland REIT law and our declaration of trust, our trustees will be permitted, without any action by our shareholders, to amend the declaration of trust from time to time to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or the Maryland REIT law or in any manner in which the charter of a Maryland corporation may be amended without shareholder approval. Our declaration of trust permits our board of trustees to amend or repeal most provisions of our bylaws but requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of beneficial interest entitled to vote to amend or repeal certain provisions of our bylaws.
Action by Written Consent
Our declaration of trust provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders may be taken without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent of our shareholders.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
Our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for
liability resulting from:
Our declaration of trust requires us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses to any of our present or former trustees or officers or any individual who, while a trustee or officer, and at our request, serves or has served another entity, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer, partner or otherwise against any claim or liability arising by reason of service in such capacity.
Consistent
with Maryland law, we are required to indemnify our present and former trustees and officers against liabilities and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in any
proceeding unless:
146
However,
Maryland law prohibits us from indemnifying our present and former trustees and officers for an adverse judgment in a derivative action or if the trustee or officer was adjudged
to be liable for an improper personal benefit. Our bylaws and Maryland law require us, as a condition to advancing expenses in certain circumstances, to
obtain:
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with our trustees and our officers providing for procedures for indemnification by us, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from their service to us.
We have obtained an insurance policy under which our trustees and executive officers will be insured, subject to the limits of the policy, against certain losses arising from claims made against such trustees and officers by reason of any acts or omissions covered under such policy in their respective capacities as trustees or officers, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act.
We have been advised that the SEC has expressed the opinion that indemnification of trustees, officers or persons otherwise controlling a company for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.
Term and Termination
Our declaration of trust provides for us to have a perpetual existence. Pursuant to our declaration of trust, and subject to the provisions of any of our classes or series of shares of beneficial interest then outstanding and the approval by a majority of the entire board of trustees, our shareholders, at any meeting thereof, by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, may approve a plan of liquidation and dissolution.
Meetings of Shareholders
Under our bylaws, annual meetings of shareholders are to be held each year, commencing in 2009, within fifteen (15) months after the last annual meeting, at a date and time as determined by our board of trustees. Special meetings of shareholders may be called only by our board of trustees, by the chairman of our board of trustees, our chief executive officer or our president, or the holders of at least 10% of our outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting. Only matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting. Our bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting by written consent, if that consent sets forth that action and is signed by shareholders holding shares representing a sufficient number of votes to approve the matter if it had been addressed at a duly called shareholders meeting.
Advance Notice of Trustee Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of
trustees and the proposal of business to be considered by shareholders at the annual meeting may be made only:
147
With respect to special meetings of shareholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of shareholders.
The purpose of requiring shareholders to give advance notice of nominations and other proposals is to afford our board of trustees the opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees or the advisability of the other proposals and, to the extent considered necessary by our board of trustees, to inform shareholders and make recommendations regarding the nominations or other proposals. The advance notice procedures also permit a more orderly procedure for conducting our shareholder meetings. Although our bylaws do not give our board of trustees the power to disapprove untimely shareholder nominations and proposals, these advance notice provisions may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of trustees or proposals for other action if the proper procedures are not followed, and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of trustees to our board of trustees or to approve its own proposal.
Appraisal Rights
As permitted by Maryland law, our declaration of trust contains a provision that denies our shareholders appraisal rights in connection with any merger, consolidation or other business combination transaction.
Possible Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws
The business combination provisions of Maryland law (if our board of trustees opts to make them applicable to us), the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law (if the applicable provision in our bylaws is rescinded), the requirement to obtain a majority vote to remove incumbent trustees, the restrictions on the acquisition of our shares of beneficial interest, the power to issue additional common shares or preferred shares, and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in the control that might involve a premium price for holders of the common shares or might otherwise be in their best interest. In addition, for so long as CapitalSource continues to hold a majority of our outstanding common shares, provisions of our declaration of trust and bylaws that permit shareholders to act by written consent of less than all of our shareholders, and that set the approval thresholds for shareholder action at a majority of our outstanding common shares, effectively permit CapitalSource to cause us to take actions without obtaining a vote from any other shareholder and to control the outcome of each matter not initiated by CapitalSource that may be submitted for shareholder approval. Maryland law permits our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses that we may not yet have and to take, or refrain from taking, certain other actions without those decisions being subject to any heightened standard of conduct or standard of review as such decisions may be subject in certain other jurisdictions.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that sales of common shares or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of our common shares prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our
148
common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares.
Prior to this offering, we had 41,845,308 common shares outstanding. Upon completion of this offering, assuming for this purpose that all awards granted to trustees are issued in restricted common shares as opposed to RSUs, we will have outstanding an aggregate of approximately 42,105,000 common shares, consisting of 41,845,308 shares issued to CapitalSource in the contribution transactions (of which, 14,000,000 shares will be sold by CapitalSource in this offering) and 259,692 shares underlying grants made to our officers and trustees and employees of CapitalSource under the Equity Plan.
LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS
Each of CapitalSource, CSE Mortgage LLC, our manager, our trustees and our officers have entered into the lock-up agreements described in "Underwriting."
149
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
Introduction
We intend to elect to be taxed and to qualify as a REIT effective for our taxable year ending December 31, 2008. The following
discussion describes the material United States federal income tax considerations relating to our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the ownership and disposition of our common shares issued in
the initial public offering. As used in this discussion, except where the context indicates otherwise, the terms "the Company," "our company," "we," "us," "our" and "ours" refer solely to
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, and not to its subsidiaries. Because this is a general summary that is intended to address only material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership
and disposition of our common shares, it may not contain all the information that may be important to you, and it does not address the tax considerations of owning our common shares. As you review
this discussion, you should keep in mind that:
The information in this section is based on the Internal Revenue Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, the legislative history of the Internal Revenue Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to the IRS interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on which the information in this section is based. Any such change could apply retroactively. Even if there is no
150
change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged. The discussion below is based in part upon recently enacted legislation. As with all new legislation, there is some uncertainty as to the application of several provisions included in therein. In addition, some provisions of this law require the IRS to issue certain substantive and procedural guidance that has not yet been issued. We cannot provide any assurance that administrative guidance issued after the date hereof will be consistent with our expectations or interpretations of the matters discussed herein.
You are urged both to review the following discussion and to consult with your own tax advisor to determine the impact of your personal tax situation on the anticipated tax consequences of the ownership and sale of our common shares. This includes the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences of the ownership and sale of our common shares and potential changes in applicable tax laws, or any judicial or administrative interpretations thereof.
Taxation of the Company as a REIT
General. We intend to elect to be taxed, and to qualify, as a REIT effective for our taxable year ending December 31, 2008. We believe that we have been organized and intend to operate in such a manner as to permit us to qualify for taxation as a REIT. We expect to receive an opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP to the effect that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized, however, that the opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP is based on various assumptions related to our organization and proposed operations, and is conditioned on representations and covenants made by us, CapitalSource and our manager regarding our organization, assets, sources of gross income, and other matters related to the conduct of our business operations.
In addition, our continuing qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual (or, in some cases, quarterly) operating results, the various requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as described in this discussion, with regard to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets (which may not be susceptible to precise determination), our distribution levels, and the diversity of ownership of our shares. Hogan & Hartson LLP will not review our compliance with these requirements. Given the complex nature of the REIT qualification requirements, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by either Hogan & Hartson LLP or us that we will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of the failure to qualify as a REIT, see "Failure to Qualify as a REIT."
The sections of the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding Treasury Regulations that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders are highly technical and complex. The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Internal Revenue Code, provisions, rules and Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.
Regular domestic corporations (corporations that do not qualify as REITs or for other special classification under the Internal Revenue Code) generally are subject to federal corporate income taxation on their net taxable income, and shareholders of regular domestic corporations are subject to tax on dividends that they receive. In any taxable year in which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our net taxable income that is distributed currently to our shareholders as dividends. Shareholders generally will be subject to taxation on dividends that they receive (other than dividends designated as "capital gain dividends" or "qualified dividend income") at rates applicable to ordinary income. Qualification for taxation as a
151
REIT enables the REIT and its shareholders to substantially eliminate the "double taxation" (that is, taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a regular corporation. Currently, however, shareholders of regular domestic corporations and certain types of foreign corporations who are taxed at individual rates generally are taxed on dividends they receive at long-term capital gain rates, which are lower for individuals than ordinary income rates. In addition, shareholders of regular domestic corporations that are taxed at regular corporate rates receive the benefit of a dividends received deduction that substantially reduces the effective rate that they pay on such dividends. Still, income earned by a REIT and distributed currently to its shareholders generally will be subject to lower aggregate rates of federal income tax than if such income were earned by a regular domestic corporation, subjected to corporate income tax, and then distributed to shareholders and subjected to tax either at long-term capital gain rates or the effective rate paid by a corporate recipient entitled to the benefit of the dividends received deduction.
Although as a REIT we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income taxes on income that we distribute currently to shareholders, we will be subject to federal taxes as follows:
152
income, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the basis of the U.S. shareholder in our common shares;
Furthermore, notwithstanding our status as a REIT, (a) we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner as they are treated for federal income tax purposes, (b) our subsidiaries that are not subject to federal income tax may have to pay state and local income taxes because not all states and localities treat these entities in the same manner as they are treated for federal income tax purposes, and (c) we and our subsidiaries may have to pay certain foreign taxes to the extent that we own assets or conduct operations in foreign jurisdictions. Moreover, any TRS of ours will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and all applicable non-U.S., state and local taxes on its net income and operations. We may also be subject to tax in situations not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification As a REIT. The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association
153
Conditions (1) through (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year. Condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not need to be met for our first REIT year (currently expected to be the taxable year ending December 31, 2008). For purposes of determining the ownership of shares under condition (6), a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes generally is considered an individual. However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code generally is not considered an individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of condition (6).
We expect that, upon the initial public offering, we will have outstanding common shares with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy requirements (5) and (6). In addition, although it is not required by law or the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, many existing REITs have adopted ownership and transfer restrictions in their articles of incorporation or organizational documents which prevent five or fewer individuals from owning, directly or indirectly, 50% or more, by value, of the outstanding shares of these entities. We have adopted ownership and transfer restrictions to assist us with our qualification as a REIT. See "Description of Our Shares of Beneficial InterestRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer" above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will in all cases be able to satisfy the share ownership requirements described above. Further, we will be treated as having met the requirements of (6) above, so long as we do not know, and upon the exercise of reasonable diligence would not have known, of ownership by shareholders in violation of this requirement, provided that we comply with Treasury Regulations that require us to send annual letters to our shareholders of record inquiring about the ownership of our shares. We intend to comply with the annual letters requirement and to regularly monitor securities filings by our significant shareholders. If we fail to satisfy such share ownership requirements and cannot avail ourselves of any statutory relief provisions, we will not qualify as a REIT. See "Failure to Qualify as a REIT" below.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary (including an entity which is treated as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) that is a "qualified REIT subsidiary," or QRS, the separate existence of that subsidiary is disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a QRS is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the capital stock of which is
154
owned by the REIT (either directly or through other disregarded subsidiaries). For federal income tax purposes, all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the QRS will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself. A QRS will not itself be subject to federal corporate income taxation, although it may be subject to state and local taxation in some jurisdictions.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A "taxable REIT subsidiary," or TRS, is an entity that is taxable as a regular corporation in which we directly or indirectly own stock and that elects jointly with us to be treated as a TRS under Section 856(l) of the Internal Revenue Code. A TRS also includes any entity that is taxable as a regular corporation in which the electing TRS owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than 35% of the vote or value of the entity. However, an entity will not qualify as a TRS if it directly or indirectly operates or manages a lodging or health care facility or, generally, provides to another person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is operated, except in certain limited circumstances permitted by the Internal Revenue Code. The Internal Revenue Code defines a "healthcare facility" generally to mean a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients.
Although a TRS may not operate or manage a health care facility, it may lease or own a "qualified health care property" so long as the property is operated by an "eligible independent contractor." A "qualified healthcare property" means a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients and which is operated by a provider which is eligible for participation in the Medicare program with respect to such facility, along with any real or personal property necessary or incidental to the use of any such facility. An "eligible independent contractor" is an independent contractor that, at the time a management agreement is entered into with a TRS to operate a "qualified health care property," is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified health care properties" for a person or persons unrelated to the TRS and the REIT. An operator will not qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" with regard to a TRS of a REIT if the operator and/or one or more actual or constructive owners of 10% or more of the operator actually or constructively own more than 35% of the REIT, or one or more actual or constructive owners of more than 35% of the operator own 35% or more of the REIT (determined with respect to a REIT whose stock is regularly traded on an established securities market by taking into account only the stock held by persons owning, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the outstanding stock of the REIT and, if the stock of the eligible independent contractor is publicly-traded, 5% of the publicly-traded stock of the eligible independent contractor). Complex ownership attribution rules apply for purposes of making this determination. As described in "Business" above, our properties currently are leased directly to operators. However, we may enter into leases with our TRS in the future with respect to newly acquired properties or upon the expiration or earlier termination of our current leases if and to the extent that this arrangement would be consistent with our business strategy and regulatory requirements. If the IRS were to treat a subsidiary corporation of ours as directly or indirectly operating or managing a healthcare facility, such subsidiary would not qualify as a TRS, which could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.
Unlike our QRSs, the income and assets of our TRSs are not attributed to us for purposes of the conditions that we must satisfy to maintain our REIT status. Accordingly, the separate existence of a TRS is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. Rather, for REIT asset and income testing purposes, we take into account our interest in a TRS's securities and the income and gain we derive therefrom. A TRS or other taxable corporation generally would be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the aggregate, and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. A TRS can engage in activities
155
or hold assets that could not be performed or held directly by the REIT or partnership subsidiaries of the REIT without affecting REIT compliance, such as providing certain services to tenants or others (other than in connection with the operation or management of a healthcare facility). However, certain restrictions will be imposed on our ability to own, and our dealings with, TRSs. These restrictions are intended to ensure that TRSs comprise a limited amount of our business (the securities of our TRSs cannot comprise more than 25% of our total assets) and that TRSs remain subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. These restrictions are discussed in detail under "Requirements for Qualification As a REITIncome Tests," "Requirements for Qualification As a REITAsset Tests," and "Requirements for Qualification As a REITTax Aspects of Our Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries" below.
Income Tests. To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, which are applied on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income,
excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, for each taxable year must be derived directly or indirectly from investments relating to real property or
mortgages on real property and from some types of temporary investments. Income qualifying for the 75% gross income test generally includes:
Second, at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, for each taxable year must be derived from sources that qualify for purposes of the 75% test, and from (a) dividends, (b) interest, and (c) gain from the sale or disposition of stock and securities, in either case, not held for sale to customers.
Our income for purposes of these tests includes our allocable share of all income earned by the entities in which we own an interest that are partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, and the subsidiaries of these entities that are partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes. Our allocable share of the income from an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is determined in accordance with our capital interest in that entity.
For purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, certain foreign currency income is disregarded for purposes of determining gross income.
Rents from Real Property. Substantially all of our portfolio is leased to commercial tenants either on a triple-net basis and/or as part of sale and leaseback transactions. Rents we receive under such
156
transactions
generally will qualify as "rents from real property" in satisfying the gross income for a REIT described above, provided that the following conditions are
met:
Because
CapitalSource will own 10% or more of our common shares, we generally will be treated, for purposes of the related party tenant rules, as owning any interests that CapitalSource, its
subsidiaries or 10% or greater stockholders own in our tenants. As a result, if in connection with its commercial lending business, CapitalSource were to take warrants or other rights in a tenant of
ours, we will be treated as owning such warrants or other rights, and will be treated as owning an interest in that tenant represented by such warrants or other rights on an "as exercised" basis.
Similarly, if a loan made by CapitalSource secured by equity or other rights in a tenant of ours were to go into default, we generally would be treated as owning that collateral. In each case, if the
interest owned by CapitalSource (and treated as being owned by us) represents 10% or more of our tenant, we will be treated as being related to that tenant. We and CapitalSource will enter into
certain arrangements designed to prevent actions taken by CapitalSource from causing us to be treated as being related to one or more of our tenants. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that such
arrangements will be effective in ensuring that we will not be treated as being related to one of more of our tenants as a result of the actions of CapitalSource or any of its shareholders.
157
Unless we determine that the resulting nonqualifying income under any of the following situations, taken together with all other nonqualifying income earned by us in the taxable year, will not jeopardize our status as a REIT, we do not intend to structure any leases of real property in a manner that would produce a significant amount of non-qualifying income. In addition, we intend to monitor the activities at our properties to ensure that we do not provide services that will cause us to fail to meet the income tests.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may enter into transactions to hedge against interest rate risks or value fluctuations. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, futures and forward contracts and other financial instruments. To the extent that we enter into a hedging transaction (A) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or carry real estate assets, or (B) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuation with respect to items of income or gain qualifying under the 75% or 95% income tests, income and certain gain from the hedging transaction will be excluded from gross income solely for purposes of 75% and 95% income tests, provided, in each case, that we clearly and timely identify such hedging transaction in the manner required under the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Interest. The term "interest," as defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the income or
profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following:
If a loan contains a shared appreciation feature (generally, a provision that entitles us to a percentage of the borrower's gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the property's value as of a specific date), the income attributable to the shared appreciation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the property that is securing the loan for purposes of the gross income tests and the prohibited transactions tax rules.
158
Interest, original issue discount and market discount on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if the highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of the date we agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. The portion of the interest income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test will be equal to the portion of the principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real propertythat is, the amount by which the loan exceeds the value of the real estate that is security for the loan.
In the future, we may hold mezzanine loans that are secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than a direct mortgage on the real property. Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests (described below), and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. If the mezzanine loans that we hold do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge our characterization of such mezzanine loans.
Qualified Temporary Investment Income. For purposes of the gross income tests, temporary investment income generally constitutes qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test if such income is earned as a result of investing new capital raised through the issuance of our shares or certain long-term debt obligations, in stock and debt obligations during the one-year period beginning on the date we receive the new capital.
Income from Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property (including certain foreign
currency-related income attributable to such foreclosure property), other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly
connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property will qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In general, foreclosure property is any
real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incidental to such real property:
Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property, or longer if an extension is granted.
Foreclosure property also includes certain qualified healthcare property acquired by a REIT as the result of the termination or expiration of a lease of such property (other than by reason of a default, or the imminence of a default, on the lease). In general, we may operate a qualified healthcare facility acquired in this manner through, and in certain circumstances may derive income from, an independent contractor for a grace period of two years (or up to six years if extensions are granted). For purposes of this rule, a "qualified healthcare property" means a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends
159
medical
or nursing or ancillary services to patients and which is operated by a provider which is eligible for participation in the Medicare program with respect to such facility, along with any real
or personal property necessary or incidental to the use of any such facility. This grace period terminates and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first
day:
We cannot predict whether, in the future, our income from foreclosure property will be significant or whether we could be required to pay a significant amount of tax on that income.
Failure to Satisfy the Income Tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are entitled to relief under the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet the tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and following identification of the failure, we file with the IRS a schedule describing each item of our gross income.
It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. If, for example, we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because non-qualifying income that we intentionally incur exceeds the limits on non-qualifying income, the IRS could conclude that the failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If we fail to satisfy the 75% or 95% gross income test and these relief provisions do not apply, we will fail to qualify as a REIT. Even if these relief provisions were to apply, we would be subject to a penalty tax based on the amount of our non-qualifying income. We intend to take advantage of any and all relief provisions that are available to us to cure any violation of the income tests applicable to REITs.
Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must satisfy six tests relating to the nature of our assets, as follows:
160
may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer; and
Our assets for purposes of the asset tests include our allocable share of all assets held by the entities in which we own an interest that are partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, and the subsidiaries of these entities that are partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, and generally do not include the equity interests in these entities. For purposes of the asset tests other than the 10% value test, an allocable share of the assets of an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is determined in accordance with the capital interests in that entity. For purposes of the 10% value test only, our allocable share of the assets of an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is determined in accordance with our proportionate ownership of the equity interests in such entity and certain other securities issued by such entity.
For purposes of the asset tests, a regular or residual interest in a REMIC generally is treated as a real estate asset. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of real estate assets (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as owning directly our proportionate share of the assets of the REMIC.
Whether a mezzanine loan secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than a direct mortgage on a real property, will constitute a qualifying real estate asset will depend on the facts and circumstances. Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. Moreover, the mezzanine loans that we originate or acquire may not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. Hence, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the treatment of the mezzanine loans as qualifying real estate assets for the REIT asset test purposes.
Securities, for purposes of the asset tests, may include debt we hold from other issuers. However, the Internal Revenue Code specifically provides that the following types of debt will not be taken into account as securities we own for purposes of the 10% value test: (1) securities that meet the "straight debt" safe harbor, as discussed below; (2) loans to individuals or estates; (3) obligations to pay rents from real property; (4) rental agreements described in Section 467 of the Internal Revenue Code (generally, obligations to pay rent after the close of the taxable year, other than such agreements with related party operators); (5) securities issued by other REITs; (6) certain securities issued by a state, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (7) any other arrangement as determined by the IRS.
In addition, for purposes of the 10% value test only, to the extent we hold debt securities that are not described in the preceding paragraph, (a) any such debt issued by partnerships that derive at least 75% of their gross income from sources that constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, and (b) any such debt instrument that is issued by any partnership, to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership, are not considered securities.
Debt will meet the "straight debt" safe harbor if (1) neither we, nor any of our controlled TRSs, own any securities not described in the preceding paragraph that have an aggregate value greater than 1% of the issuer's outstanding securities, (2) the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money, (3) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (4) the interest rate and the interest payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits, the borrower's discretion or similar factors. However, contingencies regarding time of payment and interest are permissible for purposes of qualifying as a "straight debt" security if
161
either (a) such contingency does not have the effect of changing the effective yield of maturity, as determined under the Internal Revenue Code, other than a change in the annual yield to maturity that does not exceed the greater of (i) 5% of the annual yield to maturity or (ii) 0.25%, or (b)(i) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer's debt instruments held by the REIT exceeds $1,000,000 and (ii) not more than 12 months of unaccrued interest can be required to be prepaid thereunder. In addition, debt will not be disqualified from being treated as "straight debt" solely because the time or amount of payment is subject to a contingency upon a default or the exercise of a prepayment right by the issuer of the debt, provided that such contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.
With respect to each issuer of securities we currently own or expect to own that does not qualify as a REIT, a QRS or a TRS, we believe the value of the securities of such issuer (including unsecured debt but excluding any equity interest if such issuer is a partnership) that we own or we expect to own does not exceed 5% of the total value of our assets and that we comply with the 10% voting securities test and the 10% value test (taking into account the considerations described above). With respect to our compliance with each of these asset tests, however, we cannot provide any assurance that the IRS might not disagree with our determinations.
After initially meeting the asset tests for our first calendar quarter as a REIT, we will not lose our status as a REIT if we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in the relative values of our assets. If the failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an increase in the value of our assets after the acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, or the acquisition of non-qualifying assets during the quarter, the failure can be cured by a disposition of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter.
Furthermore, the failure to satisfy certain asset tests can be remedied even after the 30-day cure period. If the total value of the assets that caused a failure of the 5% test, the 10% voting securities test or the 10% value test does not exceed the lesser of 1% of our assets at the end of the relevant quarter or $10,000,000, we can cure the failure by disposing of sufficient assets to cure the violation within six months following the last day of the quarter in which we first identify the failure of the asset test. For a violation of any of the 5% test, the 10% voting securities test, or the 10% value test attributable to the ownership of assets the total value of which exceeds the amount described in the preceding sentence, or for any violation of any of the 75%, the 25% asset test, and the 25% TRS asset test, we can avoid disqualification as a REIT if the violation is due to reasonable cause, and we dispose of an amount of assets sufficient to cure such violation within the six-month period described in the preceding sentence. In such a case, we must also pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were held as non-qualifying assets, and file in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations a schedule with the IRS that describes the assets. The applicable Treasury Regulations are yet to be issued. Thus, it is not possible to state with precision under what circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these provisions. We intend to take advantage of any and all relief provisions that are available to us (including, for these purposes, the 30-day cure period described above) to cure any violation of the asset tests applicable to REITs.
We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available action within the applicable time period after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests. We cannot ensure that these steps always will be successful. If we fail to cure the noncompliance with the asset tests within the applicable time period, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
162
Annual Distribution Requirements. To qualify as a REIT, we generally must make distributions (other than capital gain dividends) to our shareholders in an amount
at least equal to:
Dividend distributions must generally be made during the taxable year to which they relate. Dividend distributions may be made in the following year in two circumstances. First, if we declare a dividend in October, November, or December of any year with a record date in one of these months and pay it on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the dividend on December 31 of the year in which it was declared. Second, distributions may be made in the following year if they are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if made before the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration. To the extent that we do not distribute as a dividend all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to tax on the undistributed amount at regular capital gain or ordinary corporate tax rates, as the case may be.
Furthermore, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of the amounts actually distributed as dividends and amounts retained for which federal income tax was paid if we fail to distribute by the end of a calendar year (or, in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January following such calendar year) at least the sum of (a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (b) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.
We may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of our net capital gain and pay the tax on the gain. In that case, we may elect to have our shareholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gain in income as long-term capital gain and receive a credit for their share of the tax paid by us. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described above, any retained amounts would be treated as having been distributed.
We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. It is possible, however, that we, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements. This may be due to differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and the deduction of those expenses in determining our REIT taxable income. Among other situations, this may occur if a lease of our property is subject to the provisions of Section 467 of the Internal Revenue Code. Although some non-cash income may be excluded in determining the annual distribution requirement, we will incur corporate income tax and we also may be required to pay the 4% excise tax with respect to those non-cash income items if we do not distribute those items on a current basis. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred shares.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to shareholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we would be required to pay to the IRS interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Sale/Leaseback Transactions. As described above, a substantial portion of our portfolio includes properties which we acquired in connection with sale and leaseback transactions. Depending on the economic terms of the transaction, we will be treated for federal income tax purposes as either the
163
owner of the property that has leased the property to a tenant or the holder of debt secured by the property. The IRS may take the position that specific sale/leaseback transactions that we have treated as a sale and lease to the seller should be treated as a financing. Questions of whether we are the owner of such facilities and whether the leases are true leases for federal tax purposes are essentially factual matters. See "Rents from Real Property." If a sale/leaseback transaction that we characterized in one way was then recharacterized by the IRS, this could affect our ability to satisfy the REIT income and asset tests and the REIT distribution requirement for the years for which a sale/leaseback transaction were recharacterized. Therefore, such a recharacterization could cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. See "Failure to Qualify as a REIT" below. Moreover, it is possible that some of our sale-leaseback activity with tax-exempt operators may subject us to certain deduction deferral rules under Sections 168(h) and 470 of the Internal Revenue Code. If these rules were to apply, we may have higher taxable income than we would otherwise have if our operators were not tax-exempt entities (and possibly, as a result, higher income than anticipated) and, accordingly, if the amount of any resulting deferral were significant, we may not be able to make cash distributions to shareholders in an amount sufficient to eliminate all of our taxable income or meet the REIT distribution requirements.
Recordkeeping Requirements. We are required to comply with applicable recordkeeping requirements. Failure to comply could result in monetary penalties.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT. If we do not comply with one or more of the conditions required for qualification as a REIT (other than the asset tests and the income tests that have the specific savings clauses discussed above in "Requirements for Qualification As a REITAsset Tests" and "Requirements for Qualification As a REITIncome Tests"), we can avoid disqualification of our REIT status by paying a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure, provided that our noncompliance was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the statutory relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to shareholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be required and, if made, will not be deductible by us. As a result, our failure to qualify as a REIT would significantly reduce both the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders and our earnings. In addition, all of our distributions to our shareholders, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, will be taxable as regular corporate dividends, which means that shareholders taxed as individuals currently would be taxed on those dividends at long-term capital gain rates and corporate shareholders generally would be entitled to a dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. We cannot state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief. We intend to take advantage of any and all relief provisions that are available to us to cure any violation of the requirements applicable to REITs.
Prohibited Transactions Tax. Any gain (including certain foreign currency-related income) realized by us on the sale, which may include taxable disposition of any property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business, including our share of this type of gain realized by any partnership or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for income tax purposes, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Any income from a prohibited transaction is excluded from gross income solely for purposes of the gross income tests. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances of a particular transaction. However, we will not be treated as a dealer in real property for the purpose of the 100% tax if (i) we have held the property for at least two years for the production of rental income, (ii) we capitalized expenditures on the property in the two years preceding sale that are less than 30% of the net selling price of the property, and (iii) we
164
(a) have seven or fewer sales of property (excluding certain property obtained through foreclosure) for the year of sale or (b) either (I) the aggregate tax basis of property sold during the year of sale is 10% or less of the aggregate tax basis of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year, or (II) the aggregate fair market value of property sold during the year of sale is 10% or less of the aggregate fair market value of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year and (III) in the case of either (I) or (II), substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property sold are made through an independent contractor from whom we derive no income. For purposes of the seven sale limitation, the sale of more than one property to one buyer as part of one transaction constitutes one sale.
Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies Generally
General. We have an interest in one or more partnerships or limited liability companies that may involve
special tax considerations. These tax considerations include the following:
In general, entities that are classified as partnerships or as disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes are "pass-through" entities which are not required to pay federal income tax. Rather, partners or members of such entities are allocated their pro rata shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the entity, and are required to include these items in calculating their U.S. federal income tax liability, without regard to whether the partners or members receive a distribution of cash from the entity. We will include in our income our pro rata share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT income and asset tests based on our capital interest in such entity, but the actual computation of our REIT taxable income will be based on our distributive share of such items determined under the applicable partnership or limited liability company agreement or under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder. In addition, to the extent we enter into joint ventures with third parties who contribute properties to such joint ventures on a tax-deferred basis, the allocation of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit may be different from our pro-rata ownership of the joint ventures' capital. See "Taxation of the Company as a REITAsset Tests," "Income Tests" and "Failure to Qualify as a REIT" for a discussion of the effect of our failure to meet these tests for a taxable year. In addition, a change in a subsidiary partnership's or limited liability company's status as a partnership for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event. If so, we might incur a tax liability without any related receipt of cash.
Tax Status of Subsidiary Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies. We believe that our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, other than any limited liability companies that have made an election to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and that have also made an election to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours, will be treated for federal income tax purposes as partnerships or entities disregarded from their owners (and not as associations taxable as corporations). If one or more of these subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies were to be treated as a corporation, it would be subject to an entity level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, which could preclude us from satisfying the asset tests and possibly the income tests, and in turn prevent us from qualifying as a REIT.
165
Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
To the extent that we and a corporation make an election to treat such corporation as our TRS, such corporation will not qualify as a REIT and therefore will pay federal, state and local income taxes on its net income at normal corporate rates. To the extent that a TRS of ours pays such taxes, the cash available for distribution to shareholders will be reduced accordingly. However, to the extent that our TRS pays dividends to us in a particular calendar year, dividends received by our shareholders during that year attributable to those distributions will be eligible to be subject to taxation at reduced capital gain rates, rather than at ordinary income rates. See "Taxation of U.S. ShareholdersDistributions to ShareholdersQualified Dividend Income." We may form a TRS to hold a portion of our interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan.
Certain restrictions are imposed on a TRS to ensure that such entities will be subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. For example, our TRS may not deduct interest payments made in any year to us to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of its adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that later year). In addition, any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by one of our TRSs to any of our operators, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by a TRS for payments to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm's length negotiations. Rents we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for any of the safe harbor provisions contained in the Internal Revenue Code.
To the extent that we use a TRS of ours to provide services with respect to our investments or financing to our operators, we anticipate that any fees paid to the TRS for operator services will reflect arm's length rates. Nevertheless, these determinations are inherently factual, and the IRS has broad discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their respective incomes. If the IRS successfully made such an assertion and we did not satisfy any of the safe harbor provisions described above, we could be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on the redetermined rent, redetermined deductions or excess interest, as applicable.
Our ownership of the securities of TRSs is subject to certain asset tests. These tests restrict the ability of our TRSs to increase the size of their businesses unless the value of our assets increases at a commensurate rate. See "Requirements for Qualification As a REITAsset Tests" above.
Taxation of Holders of Our Common Shares
As used in the remainder of this discussion, the term "U.S. shareholder" means a beneficial owner of our common shares described in this discussion that is for United States federal income tax purposes:
166
In the case of a partnership that holds our common shares, the treatment of its partners generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A "non-U.S. shareholder" is a holder, including any partner in a partnership that holds our common shares, that is not a U.S. shareholder.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
Distributions to Shareholders
General. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made to taxable U.S. shareholders of our shares out of current or accumulated earnings and profits that are not designated as capital gain dividends or as qualified dividend income will be taken into account by them as ordinary income. In determining the extent to which a distribution constitutes a dividend for tax purposes, if we issue preferred shares, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to distributions with respect to the preferred shares and then to the common shares. Corporate shareholders will generally not be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to these distributions.
Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a U.S. shareholder to the extent that the distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the shareholder's shares. Rather, such distributions will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a U.S. shareholder's shares, the distributions will be taxable as capital gain, assuming the shares are a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. shareholder.
Distributions will generally be taxable, if at all, in the year of the distribution. However, if we declare a dividend in October, November, or December of any year with a record date in one of these months and pay it on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the portion of the distribution that is treated as a dividend for federal income tax purposes, and the shareholder will be treated as having received such amount, on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
Capital Gain Dividends. We may elect to designate distributions attributable to our net capital gain as "capital gain dividends." Capital gain dividends are taxed to U.S. shareholders as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for more than one year. This tax treatment applies regardless of the period during which the shareholders have held their shares. Corporate shareholders, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Instead of paying capital gain dividends, we may elect to require shareholders to include our undistributed net capital gain in their income. If we make such an election, U.S. shareholders (a) will include in their income as long-term capital gain their proportionate share of such undistributed capital gain and (b) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gain and thereby receive a credit or refund for such amount. A U.S. shareholder will increase its basis in its shares by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid. Our earnings and profits will be adjusted appropriately.
With
respect to U.S. shareholders of our shares who are taxed at the rates applicable to individuals, we must classify portions of our designated capital gain dividends into the
following categories:
167
We must determine the maximum amounts that we may designate as 15% and 25% capital gain dividends by performing the computation required by the Internal Revenue Code, as if the REIT were an individual whose ordinary income were subject to a marginal tax rate of at least 28%. Designations made by the REIT will be effective only to the extent that they comply with Revenue Ruling 89-81, which requires that distributions made to different classes of shares be composed proportionately of dividends of a particular type.
Recipients of capital gain dividends from us that are taxed at corporate income tax rates will be taxed at the normal corporate income tax rates on those dividends.
Qualified Dividend Income. A portion of distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits may constitute "qualified dividend income" to the extent that such amount is attributable to amounts described in (a) through (c) below, and we properly designate it as "qualified dividend income." Qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders at long-term capital gain rates, provided that the shareholder has held the common shares with respect to which the distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such common shares became ex-dividend with respect to the relevant distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:
Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes of (a) above if the dividends are received from a domestic corporation (other than a REIT or a regulated investment company) or a "qualified foreign corporation" and specified holding period requirements and other requirements are met. A foreign corporation (generally excluding a "passive foreign investment company") will be a qualified foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States, the corporation is eligible for benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory, or the shares of the foreign corporation on which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States.
If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend or as qualified dividend income, the amount that will be taxable to the shareholder as capital gain or as qualified dividend income will be indicated to U.S. shareholders on IRS Form 1099-DIV.
Other Tax Considerations. Distributions made by us with respect to our common shares and gain arising from the sale or exchange of our common shares by a U.S. shareholder will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. shareholders generally will not be able to apply any "passive losses" against this income or gain. In addition, taxable distributions from us generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. A U.S. shareholder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gain from the disposition of our common shares and income designated as qualified dividend income as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitation, in which case the applicable gain will be taxed at ordinary income tax rates. We will notify shareholders regarding the portions of distributions for each year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain. U.S. shareholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. The operating or capital losses will be carried
168
over by us for potential offset against our future income, subject to applicable limitations. For purposes of computing liability for alternative minimum tax, certain of our alternative minimum tax adjustments will be treated as alternative minimum tax adjustments of our shareholders in the ratio that our distributions bear to our taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid). Amounts treated as alternative minimum tax adjustments of our shareholders are deemed to be derived by the shareholders proportionately from each such alternative minimum tax adjustment of us and are taken into account by the shareholders in computing their alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year to which the dividends are attributable.
Sale of Our Common Shares
Upon any taxable sale or other disposition of our common shares, a U.S. shareholder will recognize gain or loss for federal
income tax purposes on the disposition in an amount equal to the difference between:
Gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the common shares have been held by the U.S. shareholder as capital assets. The applicable tax rate will depend on the holder's holding period in the asset (generally, if an asset has been held for more than one year it will produce long-term capital gain) and the holder's tax bracket. A U.S. shareholder who is an individual or an estate or trust and who has long-term capital gain or loss will be subject to a maximum capital gain rate, which is currently 15%. The IRS has the authority to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, Treasury Regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of 25% (which is higher than the long-term capital gain tax rates for non-corporate shareholders) to a portion of capital gain realized by a non-corporate shareholder on the sale of our common shares that would correspond to the REIT's "unrecaptured Section 1250 gain." U.S. shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to their capital gain tax liability.
In general, any loss upon a sale or exchange of our common shares by a U.S. shareholder who has held such shares for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent that the U.S. shareholder previously received distributions from us that were required to be treated by such U.S. shareholder as long-term capital gain.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
Distributions. Distributions with respect to our common shares by us to a non-U.S. shareholder generally will be treated as ordinary dividends to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits unless (a) the dividend is designated as a capital gain dividend and is not attributable to the disposition of a U.S. real property interest or (b) the dividend is attributable to the disposition of a U.S. real property interest and either (i) our common shares are not regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States, or (ii) the non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of the class of our common shares with regard to which the distribution is paid at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution. Ordinary dividends generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a gross basis at a rate of 30%, or a lower rate as permitted under an applicable income tax treaty, unless the dividends are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. shareholder of a U.S. trade or business. Under some treaties, however, lower rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends from REITs. Dividends that are effectively connected with a trade or business generally will not be subject to the withholding tax and instead will be subject to tax on a net basis, that is, after allowance for deductions, at graduated rates, in a manner similar to the taxation of U.S. shareholders
169
with respect to these dividends, and may be subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax. Applicable certification and disclosure requirements must be satisfied for dividends to be exempt from
withholding under the effectively connected income exception. Any dividends received by a corporate non-U.S. shareholder that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business also may
be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate, or lower applicable treaty rate. We expect to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on any distributions, not designated as
(or otherwise deemed to be) capital gain dividends, made to a non-U.S. shareholder unless:
Distributions in excess of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that do not exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. shareholder in its common shares will reduce the non-U.S. shareholder's adjusted basis in its common shares and will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits that do exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. shareholder in its common shares will be treated as gain from the sale of its common shares, the tax treatment of which is described below. See "Taxation of Non-U.S. ShareholdersSale of Our Common Shares."
We may be required to withhold at least 10% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, even if a lower treaty rate applies or the non-U.S. shareholder is not liable for tax on the receipt of that distribution. However, a non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund of these amounts from the IRS if the non-U.S. shareholder's U.S. tax liability with respect to the distributions is less than the amount withheld.
Distributions
to a non-U.S. shareholder that are designated by us as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of a U.S. real
property interest, generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, unless:
In addition, distributions attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests that are made with respect to a class of shares that is not regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States or that are paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who owns, at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution, more than 5% of the class of shares with regard to which the distribution is paid will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, or "FIRPTA." For a non-U.S. shareholder that is not subject to FIRPTA tax with respect to a capital gain dividend because the non-U.S. shareholder owns 5% or less of our common shares during the relevant period, the dividend generally will be treated as an ordinary dividend for U.S. federal income tax and withholding purposes. As a general matter, our investments in real estate will be considered U.S. real property interests, and amounts we distribute to our non-U.S. shareholders attributable to the gain from the sale or other disposition by us of such assets would be subject to FIRPTA. Non-U.S. shareholders should, however, consult their tax advisors
170
regarding whether designated capital gain dividends attributable to net capital gain from sources other than the sale of "U.S. real property interests" who own 5% or less of the value of the relevant class of shares at all times during the one-year period ending on the date of any such distribution will be treated as long-term capital gain to such non-U.S. shareholders (as opposed to being subject to tax in the same manner as ordinary income dividends).
A non-U.S. shareholder receiving a distribution subject to FIRPTA will be treated as recognizing gain that is income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and taxed in the manner described above. We will be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 35% (or such lower amount that may be provided for in Treasury Regulations) of any distribution to non-U.S. shareholders that is either designated as a capital gain dividend, or, if greater, 35% (or such lower amount that may be provided for in Treasury Regulations) of a distribution that could have been designated as a capital gain dividend, whether or not such distribution is attributable to the sale of a U.S. real property interest. Distributions can be designated as capital gain dividends to the extent of our net capital gain for the taxable year of the distribution. The amount withheld is creditable against the non-U.S. shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Undistributed Capital Gain. Although the law is not entirely clear on the matter, it appears that amounts which we designate as undistributed capital gains in respect of our shares held by non-U.S. shareholders generally should be treated in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under that approach, the non-U.S. shareholders would be able to offset as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability resulting from their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on the undistributed capital gains treated as long-term capital gains to the non-U.S. shareholder and generally to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent their proportionate share of the tax paid by us were to exceed the non-U.S. shareholder's actual U.S. federal income tax liability on such long-term capital gain. If we were to designate any portion of our net capital gain as undistributed capital gain, a non-U.S. shareholder should consult its tax adviser regarding the taxation of such undistributed capital gain.
Sale of Our Common Shares. Gain recognized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon the sale or exchange of our common shares generally would not be
subject to U.S. taxation unless:
Our common shares will not constitute a U.S. real property interest if we are not a USRPHC at any time during the applicable testing period. The applicable testing period is the shorter of (a) the period during which the non-U.S. Shareholder is treated as having acquired the interest being disposed or (b) the 5-year period ending on the date of such disposition. Given the expected nature of our investments, we believe that we will be a USRPHC.
Assuming that we are a USRPHC, our common shares will not constitute a U.S. real property interest if we are a "domestically-controlled qualified investment entity." We will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity if, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of our shares is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. shareholders. We believe that
171
upon the initial public offering we will be a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, but we cannot offer any assurance that we will be domestically controlled during the testing period that may be applicable to you when you sell our common shares.
If
we were a USRPHC and did not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. shareholder sells our shares, gain
arising from the sale still would not be subject to FIRPTA tax if:
If gain on the sale or exchange of our common shares were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. shareholder would be required to file U.S. federal income tax returns and would be subject to regular U.S. income tax with respect to any gain on a net basis in a manner similar to the taxation of a taxable U.S. shareholder, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders
Provided that a tax-exempt holder has not held our common shares as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, or has otherwise held or used them in a trade or business, generally, the dividend and interest income from us will not be unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, to a tax-exempt holder. Similarly, income from the sale of a common share will not constitute UBTI unless the tax-exempt holder has held its security as debt financed property within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code or has held or used the common share in a trade or business. Under recently published IRS guidance, the IRS has taken the position that charitable remainder trusts will not fail to qualify as charitable remainder trusts solely as a result of being allocated excess inclusion income in respect of their interest as shareholders of a REIT. If you are a charitable remainder trust, you should consult with your tax advisor regarding the consequences to you of owning shares in a REIT that will allocate excess inclusion income to you.
Further, for a tax-exempt holder that is a social club, voluntary employee benefit association, supplemental unemployment benefit trust, or qualified group legal services plan exempt from federal income taxation under Internal Revenue Code Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20), respectively, or a single parent title-holding corporation exempt under Section 501(c)(2) the income of which is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment in our common shares will constitute UBTI unless the organization properly sets aside or reserves such amounts for purposes specified in the Internal Revenue Code. These tax exempt holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning these "set aside" and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a "pension held REIT" are treated as UBTI as to any trust which is described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, is tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, and holds more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. Tax-exempt pension funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code are referred to below as "pension trusts."
A REIT is a "pension held REIT" if it meets the following two tests:
172
determining whether the REIT is closely held, as owned by the beneficiaries of the trust rather than by the trust itself; and
The percentage of any REIT dividend from a "pension held REIT" that is treated as UBTI is equal to the ratio of the UBTI earned by the REIT, treating the REIT as if it were a pension trust and therefore subject to tax on UBTI, to the total gross income of the REIT. An exception applies where the percentage is less than 5% for any year, in which case none of the dividends would be treated as UBTI. The provisions requiring pension trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is not a "pension held REIT" (for example, if the REIT is able to satisfy the "not closely held requirement" without relying on the "look through" exception with respect to pension trusts). Based on the current estimated ownership of our common shares, and as a result of certain limitations on transfer and ownership of our shares contained in our Declaration of Trust, we do not expect to be classified as a "pension held REIT."
Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting
U.S. Shareholders. In general, information-reporting requirements will apply to distributions with respect to, and the proceeds of the sale of, our common shares discussed herein to some holders, unless an exception applies.
The payor is required to backup withhold tax on such payments (currently at the rate of 28%) if (a) the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payor or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, or (b) the IRS notifies the payor that the TIN furnished by the payee is incorrect.
In addition, a payor of dividends or interest on our common shares discussed herein will be required to backup withhold tax if (a) there has been a notified payee under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Internal Revenue Code or (b) there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Internal Revenue Code.
Some U.S. shareholders, including corporations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a U.S. shareholder will be allowed as a credit against the holder's U.S. federal income tax and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
The payor will be required to furnish annually to the IRS and to holders of our common shares information relating to the amount of dividends and interest paid on our common shares, and that information reporting may also apply to payments of proceeds from the sale of our common shares. Some holders, including corporations, financial institutions and certain tax-exempt organizations, are generally not subject to information reporting.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. Generally, information reporting and backup withholding requirements described above for a U.S. shareholder will apply to a non-U.S. shareholder with respect to distributions on, or the proceeds from the sale of, our common shares.
The proceeds of a disposition by a non-U.S. shareholder of shares to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign corporation for federal income tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, a foreign partnership if partners who hold more
173
than 50% of the interest in the partnership are U.S. persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then information reporting (but not the backup withholding) generally will apply as though the payment was made through a U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker. Generally, backup withholding does not apply in such a case.
Generally, non-U.S. shareholders will satisfy the information reporting requirement by providing a proper IRS withholding certificate (such as the Form W-8BEN). In the absence of a proper withholding certificate, applicable Treasury Regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of holders of our common shares when payments to the holders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payer. If a non-U.S. shareholder fails to comply with the information reporting requirement, payments to such person may be subject to the full withholding tax even if such person might have been eligible for a reduced rate of withholding or no withholding under applicable income tax treaty. Any payment subject to a withholding tax will not be again subject to any backup withholding. Because the application of these Treasury Regulations varies depending on the holder's particular circumstances, you are advised to consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.
Sunset of Tax Provisions
Several of the tax considerations described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provisions generally provide that, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010, certain provisions that are currently in the Internal Revenue Code will revert back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions include provisions related to the reduced maximum income tax rate for capital gain of 15% (rather than 20%) for taxpayers taxed at individual rates, qualified dividend income, including the application of the 15% capital gain rate to qualified dividend income, and certain other tax rate provisions. The impact of this reversion is not discussed herein. Consequently, prospective holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset provisions on an investment in our common shares discussed herein.
State and Local Taxes
We and the holders of our common shares may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business or reside. Our state and local tax treatment and that of the holders of our common shares may not conform to the federal income tax treatment discussed above. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our common shares.
Tax Shelter Reporting
If a holder of our common shares recognizes a loss as a result of a transaction with respect to our common shares of at least (i) $2 million or more in a single taxable year or $4 million or more in a combination of taxable years, for a holder that is an individual, S corporation, trust, or a partnership with at least one noncorporate partner, or (ii) $10 million or more in a single taxable year or $20 million or more in a combination of taxable years, for a holder that is either a corporation or a partnership with only corporate partners, such holder may be required to file a disclosure statement with the IRS on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but holders of REIT securities currently are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these Treasury Regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these Treasury Regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
174
CapitalSource is offering the common shares described in this prospectus through a number of underwriters. Banc of America Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. are the representatives of the underwriters. We and CapitalSource have entered into a firm commitment underwriting agreement with the representatives. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, CapitalSource has agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter has agreed to purchase, the number of common shares listed next to its name in the following table:
Underwriter
|
Number of Shares | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Banc of America Securities LLC |
||||
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
||||
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. |
||||
KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. |
||||
BMO Capital Markets Corp. |
||||
Cohen & Steers Capital Advisors, LLC |
||||
JMP Securities LLC |
||||
Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. |
||||
Total |
14,000,000 | |||
The underwriting agreement is subject to a number of terms and conditions and provides that the underwriters must buy all of the shares if they buy any of them. The underwriters will sell the shares to the public when and if the underwriters buy the shares from CapitalSource.
The
underwriters initially will offer the shares to the public at the price specified on the cover page of this prospectus. The underwriters may allow a concession of not more than
$ per share to selected dealers. The underwriters may also allow, and those dealers may re-allow, a concession of not more than
$ per share to some other
dealers. If all the shares are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriters may change the public offering price and the other selling terms. The common shares are offered subject to a
number of conditions, including:
Option to Purchase Additional Shares. CapitalSource has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to 2,100,000 additional common shares at the same price per share as they are paying for the shares shown in the table above. These additional shares would cover sales by the underwriters which exceed the total number of shares shown in the table above. The underwriters may exercise this option on not more than two occasions at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus. To the extent that the underwriters exercise this option, each underwriter will purchase additional shares from CapitalSource in approximately the same proportion as it purchased the shares shown in the table above. CapitalSource will pay the expenses associated with the exercise of this option.
Discount and Commissions. The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters by CapitalSource. These amounts are shown assuming no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares.
175
CapitalSource will pay for the expenses of this offering, including underwriting discounts and commissions.
|
Paid by CapitalSource | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No Exercise | Full Exercise | |||||
Per Share |
$ | $ | |||||
Total |
$ | $ | |||||
Listing. We have applied to list our common shares on the NYSE, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol "CHR." In order to meet one of the requirements for listing our common shares on the NYSE, the underwriters have undertaken to sell 100 or more common shares to a minimum of 400 U.S. holders, and to ensure that the common shares have a minimum price of $4.00 at the time of listing, that there is an aggregate market value of publicly held shares of at least $60 million in the U.S. and that there are at least 1.1 million publicly held common shares in the U.S. following completion of the offering.
Stabilization. In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common
shares, including:
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares while this offering is in progress. Stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of our common shares, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of common shares than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing common shares from CapitalSource or on the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be "covered" shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares referred to above, or may be "naked" shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of our common shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their option to purchase additional shares, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares as referred to above.
A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common shares in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.
The representatives also may impose a penalty bid on underwriters and dealers participating in the offering. This means that the representatives may reclaim from any syndicate members or other dealers participating in the offering the underwriting discount on shares sold by them and purchased by the representatives in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
176
These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares. As a result of these activities, the price of our common shares may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence the activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Discretionary Accounts. The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect to make sales to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority in excess of 5% of the common shares being offered.
IPO Pricing. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. The initial public offering price will be negotiated between
CapitalSource and the representatives of the underwriters. Among the factors to be considered in these negotiations are:
The estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors.
Lock-up Agreements. We, our manager, CapitalSource, CSE Mortgage LLC and each of our trustees and executive officers have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters. Under these agreements, subject to exceptions, we may not issue any new common shares, and those holders of common shares and options may not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of or hedge any common shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common shares, or publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing, without the prior written consent of the representatives for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus. This consent may be given at any time without public notice. In addition, during this 180 day period, subject to certain exceptions, we have also agreed not to file any registration statement for, and our manager, CapitalSource and each of our trustees and executive officers have agreed not to make any demand for, or exercise any right of, the registration of, any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares without the prior written consent of the representatives.
CapitalSource, as the selling shareholder, is a statutory "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any profit on the sale of the common shares by CapitalSource will be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act. As a statutory underwriter, CapitalSource will be subject to statutory liabilities including, but not limited to, those of Sections 11, 12 and 17 of the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act.
Indemnification. We, our manager, CapitalSource and CSE Mortgage LLC will indemnify the underwriters against some liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. If we, our manager,
177
CapitalSource and CSE Mortgage LLC are unable to provide this indemnification, we, our manager CSE Mortgage LLC and CapitalSource will contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Selling Restrictions. Each underwriter intends to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which it acquires, offers, sells or delivers securities or has in its possession or distributes the prospectus or any such material.
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the Relevant Implementation Date) an offer of the securities to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the securities which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any securities may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive if they have been implemented in the Relevant Member State:
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer of securities to the public" in relation to any securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.
No prospectus (including any amendment, supplement or replacement thereto) has been prepared in connection with the offering of the securities that has been approved by the Autorité des marchés financiers or by the competent authority of another State that is a contracting party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and notified to the Autorité des marchés financiers; no securities have been offered or sold and will be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France except to permitted investors ("Permitted Investors") consisting of persons licensed to provide the investment service of portfolio management for the account of third parties, qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) acting for their own account and/or investors belonging to a limited circle of investors (cercle restreint d'investisseurs) acting for their own account, with "qualified investors" and "limited circle of investors" having the meaning ascribed to them in Articles L. 411-2, D. 411-1, D. 411-2, D. 411-4, D. 734-1, D. 744-1, D. 754-1 and D. 764-1 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder; none of this prospectus or any other materials related to the offering or information contained therein relating to the securities has been released, issued or distributed to the public in France except to Permitted Investors; and the direct or indirect resale to the public in France of any securities acquired by any Permitted Investors may be made only as provided by
178
Articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L. 621-8-3 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder.
In
addition:
This document is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) to investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (iii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). The securities are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such securities will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.
The offering of the common shares has not been cleared by the Italian Securities Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa, the "CONSOB") pursuant to Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, the common shares may not and will not be offered, sold or delivered, nor may or will copies of the prospectus or any other documents relating to the common shares be distributed in Italy, except (i) to professional investors (operatori qualificati), as defined in Article 31, second paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11522 of July 1, 1998, as amended, (the "Regulation No. 11522"), or (ii) in other circumstances which are exempted from the rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to Article 100 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998 (the "Financial Service Act") and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended.
Any offer, sale or delivery of the common shares or distribution of copies of the prospectus or any other document relating to the common shares in Italy may and will be effected in accordance with all Italian securities, tax, exchange control and other applicable laws and regulations, and, in particular, will be: (i) made by an investment firm, bank or financial intermediary permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with the Financial Services Act, Legislative Decree No. 385 of September 1, 1993, as amended (the "Italian Banking Law"), Regulation No. 11522, and any other applicable laws and regulations; (ii) in compliance with Article 129 of the Italian Banking Law and the implementing guidelines of the Bank of Italy; and (iii) in compliance with any other applicable notification requirement or limitation which may be imposed by CONSOB or the Bank of Italy.
Any investor purchasing the common shares in the offering is solely responsible for ensuring that any offer or resale of the common shares it purchased in the offering occurs in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The prospectus and the information contained therein are intended only for the use of its recipient and, unless in circumstances which are exempted from the rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to Article 100 of the "Financial Service Act" and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended, is not to be distributed, for any reason, to any third party resident or located in Italy. No person resident or located in Italy other than the original recipients of this document may rely on it or its content.
179
Italy has only partially implemented the Prospectus Directive, the provisions under the heading "European Economic Area" above shall apply with respect to Italy only to the extent that the relevant provisions of the Prospectus Directive have already been implemented in Italy.
Insofar as the requirements above are based on laws which are superseded at any time pursuant to the implementation of the Prospectus Directive, such requirements shall be replaced by the applicable requirements under the Prospectus Directive.
Online Offering. A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters participating in this offering. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any such web site, or accessible through any such web site, is not part of the prospectus. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, shares may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell shares to online brokerage account holders.
Conflicts/Affiliates. Banc of America Securities LLC and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., underwriters in this offering, will serve as joint lead arrangers, and an affiliate of Banc of America Securities LLC will serve as administrative agent in connection with our proposed senior secured revolving credit facility. We have obtained commitments of $290 million from affiliates of Banc of America Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deustche Bank Securities Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. for our proposed facility. Further, affiliates of Banc of America Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deustche Bank Securities Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp., also serve as lenders under CapitalSource's $1,070 million unsecured revolving credit facility due 2010 and other of CapitalSource's outstanding indebtedness. In addition, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deustche Bank Securities Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. served as joint lead manager and Banc of America Securities LLC served as co-manager in CapitalSource's June 2008 common stock offering and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. served as joint bookrunning manager for CapitalSource's July 2007 Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes offering. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. served as dealer manager in two registered exchange offers relating to CapitalSource's outstanding convertible debentures due 2034. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. also provided advisory services to CapitalSource in connection with an acquisition that closed in July 2008. In addition, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. holds a $50 million interest in the Genesis mezzanine loan. In addition, since 2005, JMP Securities LLC has provided financial advisory services to CapitalSource relating to REIT compliance and portfolio valuation matters on a quarterly basis. The underwriters and their affiliates have also provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and CapitalSource for which services they have received, and may in the future receive, customary fees. In addition, from time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, or securities or loans of CapitalSource or its affiliates, and may do so in the future.
180
The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Hogan & Hartson LLP. In addition, Hogan & Hartson LLP will pass upon certain federal income tax matters. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP is counsel for the underwriters in connection with this offering.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our balance sheet at July 31, 2008, as set forth in their report. We have included our balance sheet in the prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the combined financial statements and schedule of CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan (A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.) at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007, as set forth in their report. We have included the financial statements and schedule of CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan (A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.) in the prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits and schedules filed with the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act with respect to the common shares to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and the common shares to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement may be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and will file periodic reports and proxy statements and will make available to our shareholders annual reports containing audited financial information for each year and quarterly reports for the first three quarters of each fiscal year containing unaudited interim financial information.
181
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan (A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.) |
|||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
F-2 | ||||
Combined Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 |
F-3 | ||||
Combined Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 |
F-4 | ||||
Combined Statements of Member's Equity for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 |
F-5 | ||||
Combined Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 |
F-6 | ||||
Notes to Combined Financial Statements |
F-7 | ||||
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation |
F-27 | ||||
Combined Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2008 (unaudited) and December 31, 2007 |
F-31 | ||||
Combined Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 |
F-32 | ||||
Combined Statement of Member's Equity (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2008 |
F-33 | ||||
Combined Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 |
F-34 | ||||
Notes to the Unaudited Combined Financial Statements |
F-35 | ||||
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT |
|||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
F-42 | ||||
Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2008 |
F-43 | ||||
Notes to Balance Sheet |
F-44 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Member
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan (A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related combined statements of operations, member's equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index to Financial Statements. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined financial position of CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan (A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.) at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the combined results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young | ||
McLean, Virginia August 5, 2008 |
F-2
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Balance Sheets
|
December 31, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | ||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||
|
||||||||
Real estate investments: |
||||||||
Buildings and improvements |
$ | 900,417 | $ | 608,963 | ||||
Land |
106,620 | 89,140 | ||||||
Furniture and equipment |
51,545 | 34,395 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation |
(43,370 | ) | (11,464 | ) | ||||
Real estate investment, net |
1,015,212 | 721,034 | ||||||
Loan, net |
150,894 | | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
16,088 | 6,508 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
23,738 | 12,881 | ||||||
Deposits |
13,758 | 6,435 | ||||||
Deferred financing fees, net |
3,824 | 4,294 | ||||||
Intangible lease assets, net |
21,351 | 27,584 | ||||||
Straight-line rent receivable |
11,680 | 4,012 | ||||||
Receivables and other assets, net |
2,470 | 1,077 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,259,015 | $ | 783,825 | ||||
|
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 341,086 | $ | 299,769 | ||||
Related party debt |
247,743 | 106,660 | ||||||
Term debt |
20,000 | 20,000 | ||||||
Lease obligations, net |
51,918 | 26,816 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
30,910 | 16,231 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
691,657 | 469,476 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
44,808 |
56,342 |
||||||
Member's equity |
522,550 | 258,007 | ||||||
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and member's equity |
$ | 1,259,015 | $ | 783,825 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
F-3
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statements of Operations
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 95,191 | $ | 30,380 | |||||
Interest and fee income |
10,805 | 194 | |||||||
Total revenues |
105,996 | 30,574 | |||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||
Interest expense |
46,262 | 13,373 | |||||||
Depreciation |
31,955 | 11,464 | |||||||
General and administrative |
10,460 | 3,809 | |||||||
Loss on impairment of assets |
1,225 | | |||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment |
| 2,497 | |||||||
Total expenses |
89,902 | 31,143 | |||||||
Income (loss) before gain on sale of real estate and noncontrolling interests expense |
16,094 | (569 | ) | ||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
156 | | |||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(4,951 | ) | (4,711 | ) | |||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 11,299 | $ | (5,280 | ) | ||||
See accompanying notes.
F-4
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statements of Member's Equity
($ in thousands)
Total member's equity as of January 1, 2006 |
$ | | |||
Net contributions |
263,287 | ||||
Net loss |
(5,280 | ) | |||
Total member's equity as of December 31, 2006 |
258,007 | ||||
Net contributions |
253,244 | ||||
Net income |
11,299 | ||||
Total member's equity as of December 31, 2007 |
$ | 522,550 | |||
See accompanying notes.
F-5
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statements of Cash Flows
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||
Operating activities: |
|||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 11,299 | $ | (5,280 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: |
|||||||||
Depreciation |
31,955 | 11,464 | |||||||
Amortization of lease intangibles, net |
472 | 185 | |||||||
Amortization of deferred financing fees |
589 | 32 | |||||||
Amortization of deferred loan fees |
(221 | ) | | ||||||
Non-cash loss on property disposals |
15 | | |||||||
Loss on impairment of assets, net |
1,069 | ||||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment |
| 2,497 | |||||||
Increase in straight-line rent receivable |
(7,668 | ) | (4,012 | ) | |||||
Increase in receivables and other assets, net |
(1,389 | ) | (3,676 | ) | |||||
Decrease (increase) in other liabilities |
11,068 | (11,349 | ) | ||||||
Accretion of termination fee receivable |
(673 | ) | | ||||||
Increase in loans held for sale |
(150,000 | ) | | ||||||
Cash used in operating activities |
(103,484 | ) | (10,139 | ) | |||||
Investing activities: |
|||||||||
Sale of real estate investments |
5,047 | | |||||||
Acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash acquired |
(253,167 | ) | (498,005 | ) | |||||
Increase in deposits |
(7,323 | ) | (6,435 | ) | |||||
Increase in restricted cash |
(10,857 | ) | (9,224 | ) | |||||
Cash used in investing activities |
(266,300 | ) | (513,664 | ) | |||||
Financing activities: |
|||||||||
Payments of deferred financing fees |
(119 | ) | (746 | ) | |||||
(Repayments of) borrowings of mortgage debt, net |
(3,310 | ) | 259,140 | ||||||
Borrowings of related party debt |
141,083 | 183,034 | |||||||
Repayments of related party debt |
| (145,233 | ) | ||||||
Net contributions |
241,710 | 234,116 | |||||||
Cash provided by financing activities |
379,364 | 530,311 | |||||||
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
9,580 | 6,508 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of year |
6,508 | | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of year |
$ | 16,088 | $ | 6,508 | |||||
Supplemental information: |
|||||||||
Cash paid during the year for interest |
$ | 35,508 | $ | 9,885 | |||||
Noncash transactions from investing and financing activities: |
|||||||||
Acquisition of real estate investments |
79,012 | 235,766 | |||||||
Assumption of lease obligations, net |
30,476 | | |||||||
Assumption of debt |
44,627 | 128,710 | |||||||
Conversion of noncontrolling interests |
11,534 | | |||||||
Increase in noncontrolling interests in connection with acquisition of real estate investments |
| 56,342 | |||||||
Issuance of common shares in connection with acquisition of real estate investments |
| 29,171 |
See accompanying notes.
F-6
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
CapitalSource Inc. ("CapitalSource"), a Delaware corporation, is a commercial finance, investment and asset management company operating as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") and providing a broad array of financial products to middle market businesses. CapitalSource currently operates as three reportable segments: 1) Commercial Finance, 2) Healthcare Net Lease, and 3) Residential Mortgage Investment. The Commercial Finance segment comprises CapitalSource's commercial lending business activities; the Healthcare Net Lease segment comprises CapitalSource's direct real estate investment business activities; and the Residential Mortgage Investment segment comprises CapitalSource's residential mortgage investment activities.
CapitalSource completed its first healthcare-related facilities acquisition in January 2006. The real estate investments comprising CapitalSource's Healthcare Net Lease segment are primarily income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities ("SNFs"), located in the United States. CapitalSource's real estate investments are generally leased to tenants under triple-net leases. Under a typical triple-net lease, an operator agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment, subject to annual escalations, and all facility operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, as well as make capital improvements.
CapitalSource intends to contribute all of the assets and liabilities of its Healthcare Net Lease segment along with a $150.0 million interest in a $375.0 million mezzanine loan to CapitalSource Healthcare REIT ("CHR"), a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource as part of a plan to complete an initial public offering ("IPO") of less than 50% of CHR's common shares of beneficial interest. All of the shares to be sold in this offering will be sold by CapitalSource.
These combined financial statements reflect the combined financial position and results of operations of CapitalSource's HealthCare Net Lease segment and the $150.0 million loan interest carved out of the accounts of CapitalSource (the "Carve-out Entity") as if the Carve-out Entity had been a separate stand-alone company owning these assets and related liabilities for the respective periods presented. All amounts presented herein have been reflected at CapitalSource's historical basis.
For all periods presented, certain management, administrative and operational services of CapitalSource were shared between the Carve-out Entity and other CapitalSource segments. For purposes of financial statement presentation, the costs for these shared services have been allocated to the Carve-out Entity based on actual direct costs incurred and an allocation of indirect costs. See Note 7, Related Party Transactions, for additional information about these allocations. CapitalSource's management believes that the allocations are reasonable. However, actual expenses may have been materially different from the allocated expenses if the Carve-out Entity had operated as an unaffiliated stand-alone entity.
In these combined financial statements, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to "we," "our," and "us" refer to the Carve-out Entity.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Our financial reporting and accounting policies conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").
F-7
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the combined financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in certain areas, including valuing acquired leases and other assets, and assessing real estate and other assets for impairment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Principles of Combination
The accompanying financial statements reflect our combined accounts, including those of our majority owned subsidiaries. The portion of the net income or loss attributed to third parties owning noncontrolling interests in one of our subsidiaries is reported as noncontrolling interests expense on our combined statements of operations, and such parties' interests are reported on our combined balance sheets as noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Real Estate Investments
We lease real estate investments through long-term, triple-net operating leases. Under these triple-net leases, the tenant agrees to pay all facility operating expenses, as well as make all capital improvements.
We allocate the purchase price of our real estate investments to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired, primarily lease intangibles, based on their estimated fair values at the time of acquisition in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 141, Business Combinations, as amended. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. When valuing the acquired properties we do not include the value of any in-place leases. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
In assessing lease intangibles, we recognize above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired operating leases based on the present value of the difference between: (1) the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the leases negotiated and in-place at the time of acquisition of the facilities; and (2) management's estimate of fair market lease rates for the facility or equivalent facility, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. Factors to be considered for lease intangibles also include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical lease-up periods, market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. The capitalized above-market or below-market lease values are classified as intangible assets, net, and lease obligations, net, respectively, and are amortized to operating lease income over the remaining non-cancelable term of each lease.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 10 to 40 years for buildings. Furniture and equipment related to our direct real estate investments are depreciated over seven years.
F-8
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Asset Impairment
We assess our real estate investments and the related intangible assets for impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable; such assessment is performed not less than annually. Our assessment of the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as, but not limited to, market conditions, operator performance and the lessee's compliance with lease terms. If we determine that indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the related real estate investments in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying facilities. Provisions for impairment losses related to long-lived assets may be recognized when expected future undiscounted cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying values of the assets. An adjustment is made to the net carrying value of the leased properties and other long-lived assets for the excess over their estimated fair value. The fair value of the real estate investment is determined by market research, which includes valuing the property as a healthcare facility as well as other alternative uses. All impairments are taken as a period cost at that time, and depreciation is adjusted going forward to reflect the new value assigned to the asset.
If we decide to sell a real estate investment, we evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amounts of the assets. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from estimated net sales proceeds, the property is written down to estimated fair value less costs to sell. Our estimates of cash flows and fair values of the properties are based on current market conditions and consider matters such as rental rates and occupancies for comparable properties, recent sales data for comparable properties, and, where applicable, contracts or the results of negotiations with purchasers or prospective purchasers.
Assets Sold and Held for Sale, and Discontinued Operations
Pursuant to the provisions of Statement of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets ("SFAS No. 144"), the operating results of specified real estate assets that have been sold, or that would otherwise qualify as held for disposition (as defined by SFAS No. 144), will be reflected as assets held for sale in our balance sheet. Assets that were sold or that qualify as held for sale may also be considered as a discontinued operation if, (a) the operation and cash flows of the asset have been or will be eliminated from future operations and (b) we will not have significant involvement with the asset after its disposition. For significant assets that would qualify as discontinued operations, we would reclassify the operations of those assets to discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented and assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet for all periods presented. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had no assets classified as held for sale or discontinued operations.
Gains on sales of real estate assets are recognized pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 66, Accounting for Sales of Real Estate ("SFAS No. 66"). The specific timing of the recognition of the sale and the related gain is measured against the various criteria in SFAS No. 66 related to the terms of the transactions and any continuing involvement associated with the assets sold. To the extent the sales criteria are not met, we defer gain recognition until the sales criteria are met.
F-9
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Operating Lease Income Recognition
We lease our direct real estate investments through long-term, triple-net operating leases that typically include fixed rental payments, subject to escalation over the life of the lease. We recognize operating lease income on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease when collectibility is reasonably assured. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we recognized straight-line rent receivables, which relate to the timing difference between the rental revenue recognized on a straight-line basis and the amounts due to us on a contractual basis, of $11.7 million and $4.0 million, respectively, in our accompanying combined balance sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, straight-line rental revenues totaling $7.7 million and $4.0 million, respectively, were recognized as a component of operating lease income in our accompanying combined statements of operations.
For straight-line rent, we generally record reserves against revenues from leases when collection is uncertain or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators result in significant uncertainty regarding ultimate collection. The amount of the reserve is estimated based on what management believes will likely be collected. We continually evaluate the collectibility of our straight-line rent assets. If it appears that we will not collect future rent due under our leases, we will record a provision for loss related to the straight-line rent asset.
We do not recognize any revenue on contingent rents until payments are received and all contingencies have been eliminated.
Loans
The loan held in our portfolio is recorded at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan costs or fees. Deferred loan costs or fees are amortized over the contractual term of the loan using the interest method. We use contractual payment terms to determine the constant yield needed to apply the interest method.
Loans held for sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, which is determined on an individual loan basis, and include loans we originated or purchased that we intend to sell all or part of that loan in the secondary market. Direct loan origination costs or fees, discounts and premiums are deferred at origination of the loan.
As part of our management of the loans held in our portfolio, we may occasionally reclassify loans from loans held for investment to loans held for sale. Upon transfer, the cost basis of those loans is reduced by the amount of any corresponding allowance allocable to the transferred loans. The loans are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in other income, net of expenses in the accompanying combined statements of operations. Gains or losses on these loans are also recorded in other income, net of expenses in the accompanying combined statements of operations. In certain circumstances, loans designated as held for sale may later be transferred back to the loan portfolio based upon our intent to retain the loan. We transfer these loans to our portfolio at the lower of cost or fair value.
Loan Impairment
We perform periodic and systematic detailed reviews of our loan portfolio to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectibility of the portfolio. If necessary, a specific allowance for loan losses
F-10
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
is established for individual impaired commercial loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Once a loan has been identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan ("SFAS No. 114"). Individually impaired loans are measured based on the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices, or for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of the collateral. If the recorded investment in impaired loans exceeds the present value of payments expected to be received, a specific allowance is established as a component of the allowance for loan losses.
When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, these amounts are charged off against the allowance for loan losses. To the extent we later collect amounts previously charged off, we will recognize a recovery in income for the amount received.
Deferred Financing Fees
Deferred financing fees represent fees and other direct incremental costs incurred in connection with our borrowings. These amounts are amortized into income as interest expense over the estimated life of the borrowing using the interest method.
Interest and Fee Income Recognition
Interest and fee income, including income on impaired loans and fees due at maturity, is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. Carrying value adjustments are amortized into earnings over the contractual life of a loan using the interest method.
Loan origination fees and exit fees are deferred and amortized as adjustments to the related loan's yield over the contractual life of the loan. In connection with the prepayment of a loan, any remaining unamortized deferred fees for that loan are accelerated and, depending upon the terms of the loan, there may be an additional fee that is charged based upon the prepayment and recognized in the period of the prepayment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Income Taxes
When CapitalSource filed its federal income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2006, they elected REIT status under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") effective for 2006 forward. As a REIT, CapitalSource is generally not subject to Federal corporate-level income tax on the earnings distributed to their shareholders that they derive from their qualified REIT subsidiaries. All of the assets, liabilities and operations of the Carve-out Entity occurred in qualified REIT subsidiaries of CapitalSource and, as such, the accompanying financial statements do not include any provision for income taxes.
F-11
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
We intend to qualify as a REIT after the proposed IPO, as described in Note 1, Organization. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to Federal corporate-level income tax on our earnings to the extent that our earnings are distributed to our shareholders and meet certain other requirements. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, all of our taxable income for that year would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates, including any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, we also will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless we were entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. We may still be subject to state and local taxation in various state and local jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside.
To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to meet certain asset tests and distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our shareholders and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code, through actual operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.
As a REIT, we will be permitted to own up to 100% of a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. We may form a TRS to hold a portion of our initial assets. Our TRS would be taxable as a corporation and would pay federal, state and local income tax on its net income at the applicable corporate rates. As a result, our financial statements after this offering may include a provision for income tax expense relating to the taxable income of our TRS.
Segment Reporting
SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information ("SFAS No. 131"), requires that a public business enterprise report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments including a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items and segment assets. Since all of the activities of the Carve-out Entity are managed as a single portfolio, we operate as one reportable segment.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS No. 157"). SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other accounting standards require or permit fair value measurement. The effective date for SFAS No. 157 is the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 ("FSP SFAS 157-2"), which delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those items recognized or disclosed at fair value on an annual or more frequently recurring basis, until years beginning after November 15, 2008. Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, except for items covered by FSP SFAS 157-2 and it did not have a significant effect on fair value measurements in our combined financial statements. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of FSP SFAS 157-2 on our combined financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations ("SFAS No. 141(R)"), which establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business
F-12
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. SFAS No. 141(R) also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. The effective date for SFAS No. 141(R) is for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We plan to adopt SFAS No. 141(R) on January 1, 2009. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R) on our combined financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial StatementsAn Amendment of ARB No. 51 ("SFAS No. 160"), which establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the combined entity that should be reported as equity in the combined financial statements. SFAS No. 160 also amends certain consolidation procedures for consistency with the requirements of FASB Statement No. 141(R). The effective date for SFAS No. 160 is the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2008. We plan to adopt SFAS No. 160 on January 1, 2009. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 160 on our combined financial statements.
Note 3. Real Estate Investments
Our real estate investments primarily consist of long-term care facilities generally leased through long-term, triple-net operating leases. As of December 31, 2007, our real estate investments included 180 SNFs, four assisted living facilities ("ALFs") and two long-term acute care hospitals ("LTACs").
As of December 31, 2007, real estate investments with total carrying values of $696.5 million were financed through either mortgage debt or term debt. See Note 7, Borrowings, for additional information.
The leases on our direct real estate investments expire at various dates through 2026 and typically include fixed rental payments that are subject to escalation over the life of the lease. As of December 31, 2007, we expected to receive future minimum rental payments from our non-cancelable operating leases as follows ($ in thousands):
2008 |
$ | 96,564 | ||
2009 |
97,052 | |||
2010 |
98,325 | |||
2011 |
95,698 | |||
2012 |
93,837 | |||
Thereafter |
473,381 | |||
Total |
$ | 954,857 | ||
F-13
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 3. Real Estate Investments (Continued)
Summary of Real Estate Investment Transactions
During the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we completed the following acquisitions:
Acquisition
|
Closing Dates | Land | Buildings | Furniture and Equipment | In-place Leases, Net | Other(1) | Total Purchase Price(2) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||
38 SNFs and 1 ALF |
January 2006 | $ | 35,210 | $ | 153,277 | $ | 10,300 | $ | | $ | 9,800 | $ | 208,587 | ||||||||
3 SNFs and 1 LTAC |
May 2006 | 2,160 | 20,332 | 1,700 | | (881 | ) | 23,311 | |||||||||||||
1 SNF |
June 2006 | 430 | 7,685 | 585 | | (1,535 | ) | 7,165 | |||||||||||||
2 SNFs |
June 2006 | 1,020 | 5,014 | 700 | | | 6,734 | ||||||||||||||
4 SNFs |
August 2006 | 1,960 | 27,047 | 980 | | (359 | ) | 29,628 | |||||||||||||
67 SNFs and 2 ALFs |
December 2006 | 43,090 | 331,984 | 17,430 | 511 | 1,466 | 394,481 | ||||||||||||||
16 SNFs and 1 ALF |
November 2006 April 2007 May 2007 |
11,310 | 131,977 | 5,400 | | 2,250 | 150,937 | ||||||||||||||
11 SNFs |
February 2007 March 2007 May 2007 |
4,280 | 71,170 | 3,250 | | (529 | ) | 78,171 | |||||||||||||
2 SNFs |
March 2007 | 790 | 11,435 | 750 | | (87 | ) | 12,888 | |||||||||||||
36 SNFs |
June 2007 | 10,990 | 135,263 | 10,190 | (30,476 | ) | (1,347 | ) | 124,620 | ||||||||||||
1 SNF |
July 2007 | 100 | 2,860 | 190 | | (24 | ) | 3,126 | |||||||||||||
1 SNF |
August 2007 | 100 | 3,691 | 320 | | (13 | ) | 4,098 | |||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 111,440 | $ | 901,735 | $ | 51,795 | $ | (29,965 | ) | $ | 8,741 | $ | 1,043,746 | ||||||||
In each acquisition, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction, which were based on estimates of fair value at the date of acquisition. The assets and liabilities acquired included land, buildings, furniture and equipment, in-place leases, receivables, escrows and security deposits.
The acquired properties are included in our results of operations from their respective date of acquisition. The following unaudited pro forma results of operations reflect all of our transactions as if they had occurred on January 1 of the year of acquisition and the earliest year presented. We believe that all significant adjustments necessary to reflect the effects of the acquisition have been made.
|
Pro Forma |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||
Pro forma revenue |
$ | 115,091 | $ | 105,094 | |||
Pro forma net income |
16,539 | 7,689 |
F-14
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 3. Real Estate Investments (Continued)
The following is a summary of the significant acquisitions completed during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
In January 2006, CapitalSource acquired 39 long-term care facilities (38 properties in Florida and one property in Pennsylvania). All the properties are owned subject to triple-net leases with five separate non-profit entities. The total purchase price for the 4,874 licensed beds (including 70 ALF units) was $208.6 million ($42,796 per bed). The contractual rent due from the facilities during the first year was $21.5 million. The five leases have an initial term of ten years and rents are subject to an annual escalation of 3.0%. A significant portion of the purchase price was paid in the form of 1.3 million shares of CapitalSource common stock, assumptions of pre-existing loans and non-managing member units in a majority owned subsidiary of CapitalSource. These non-managing member units, which have no voting interest in the wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource, are redeemable at the option of the holders for cash or, at CapitalSource's option, for shares of CapitalSource's common stock and receive dividends as if they were outstanding shares of CapitalSource's common stock. CapitalSource reserved 2.5 million shares for issuance upon redemption of the non-managing member units. During the year ended December 31, 2007, 513,963 non-managing member units were redeemed for shares of CapitalSource common stock. Upon exchange of the non-managing member units, the carrying amount of the units was reclassified to member's equity and included in net contributions. No non-managing member units were redeemed during the year ended December 31, 2006. The non-managing member units are shown as noncontrolling interests in our combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. In connection with the acquisition, CapitalSource assumed $96.1 million of outstanding mortgage debt, which CapitalSource recognized at estimated fair value, which totaled $106.2 million, $69.3 million of which was repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2006. CapitalSource recorded a loss of $2.3 million upon extinguishment of the related debt. The remainder of this assumed debt was repaid in July 2006 and CapitalSource recorded a loss of $0.2 million on the extinguishment of this debt.
During 2007 and 2006, CapitalSource acquired 17 long-term care facilities (twelve properties in Florida and five properties in Mississippi) from REIT Solutions, Inc. in three separate closings. The first closing on nine properties occurred on November 30, 2006, the second closing on six properties occurred on April 30, 2007 and the last closing on two properties took place on May 31, 2007. All the properties are subject to triple-net leases with three separate entities. The total purchase price for the total 2,186 licensed beds (2,031 SNF beds and 155 ALF units) was $150.9 million ($69,047 per bed). The contractual rent from the facilities during the first year was $13.1 million. The leases have an initial term of 15 years, and rents are subject to annual escalation of 2.0%. As part of the purchase price, CapitalSource assumed mortgage debt with a total principal balance of $55.4 million as of the date of acquisition and issued a total of $20.0 million in notes payable as consideration for the facilities acquired, which CapitalSource recognized at estimated fair value, which totaled $57.2 million. For additional information about these borrowings, see Note 7, Borrowings.
In November 2006, CapitalSource completed the purchase of 69 long-term care facilities located in 22 states from another healthcare REIT. All the properties are owned subject to triple-net leases with 27 separate tenant groups. The total purchase price for the 7,362 SNF beds (including 39 ALF units and 26 LTAC beds) was $394.5 million ($53,583 per bed). The contractual rent from the facilities during the first year was $35.6 million. The leases have an average remaining term of 8.0 years, and rents are subject to an average annual escalation of 2.1%.
F-15
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 3. Real Estate Investments (Continued)
During 2007, CapitalSource acquired, in three separate closings, eleven long-term care facilities (seven properties in Tennessee, one each in Ohio, Massachusetts, Indiana, and Colorado). The first closing on nine properties occurred on February 1, 2007, the second closing on one property occurred on March 1, 2007 and the last closing on one property took place on May 1, 2007. The properties are subject to triple-net leases with two separate operators. The total purchase price for the 1,754 SNF beds was $78.2 million ($44,567 per bed). The contractual rent from the facilities during the first year was $7.7 million. The ten facilities located in Indiana, Massachusetts, Ohio and Tennessee with 1,574 licensed beds are under a master lease for an initial term of ten years and rents are subject to an annual escalation of 2.5%. The eleventh facility in Colorado with 180 licensed beds is operated under a lease agreement with an initial term of five years.
In June 2007, CapitalSource completed the asset purchase of 36 long-term care facilities (35 properties in Texas and one in Pennsylvania). The properties are operated under a 35-facility triple-net master lease and a one-facility triple-net stand alone lease. The total purchase price for the 4,232 licensed beds was $124.6 million ($29,447 per bed). The contractual rent for the first year was $10.6 million. The master lease is set to expire June 30, 2017, and rent is subject to an average annual escalation of 2.4%. The stand alone lease expires December 31, 2009, and rent is subject to an annual escalation of 2.0%.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized a $1.2 million impairment related to one of our SNFs, which was recorded as an expense in our accompanying combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007. In November 2007, we sold this property and recognized a $0.2 million gain in our accompanying combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007. We did not present this real estate investment as a discontinued operation since the operations of this real estate investment were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
Note 4. Intangible Lease Asset and Lease Obligations
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, intangible lease assets totaled $21.4 million and $27.6 million, respectively, net of $6.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in accumulated amortization. The weighted average amortization periods of these intangible assets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, were approximately 7.6 years and 7.0 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, our lease obligations totaled $51.9 million and $26.8 million, respectively, net of $5.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in accumulated amortization. The weighted average amortization periods of these lease obligations as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, were approximately 9.1 years and 8.1 years, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, operating lease income was reduced by $0.5 million due to the amortization of our intangible lease assets and lease obligations, which totaled $5.8 million and $5.3 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006, operating lease income was reduced by $0.2 million due to the amortization of our intangible lease assets and lease obligations, which totaled $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
F-16
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 4. Intangible Lease Asset and Lease Obligations (Continued)
As of December 31, 2007, estimated aggregate amortization of intangible assets and lease obligations for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter follows:
|
Intangible Lease Assets | Lease Obligations | Net Lease Obligations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||||
2008 |
$ | 4,628 | $ | 7,097 | $ | 2,469 | ||||
2009 |
3,630 | 7,097 | 3,467 | |||||||
2010 |
3,565 | 6,550 | 2,985 | |||||||
2011 |
2,767 | 6,160 | 3,393 | |||||||
2012 |
2,143 | 5,661 | 3,518 | |||||||
Thereafter |
4,618 | 19,353 | 14,735 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 21,351 | $ | 51,918 | $ | 30,567 | ||||
Note 5. Loan
As of December 31, 2007, we held a $150.0 million interest in a $375.0 million mezzanine loan (the "Mezzanine Loan"), which was originated by CapitalSource in July 2007. The Mezzanine Loan was made to FCGen Acquisition Inc., in connection with the financing of its acquisition of Genesis Healthcare, Inc., a large owner/operator of SNFs in the northeast and mid-Atlantic region of the United States. As of December 31, 2007, the Mezzanine Loan ranked junior to a $1.4 billion senior secured term loan, of which $50.0 million was provided by CSE Mortgage LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource ("CSE Mortgage") and $1.35 billion was provided by unaffiliated commercial finance companies. The Mezzanine Loan matures in July 2012 and bears interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR, plus 7.5%, which totaled 12.73% as of December 31, 2007. Interest on the Mezzanine Loan is payable monthly in arrears. There is also a $3.75 million termination fee due at the time of repayment of the Mezzanine Loan, of which we are entitled to $1.5 million. In addition, there is an additional termination fee (the "Additional Termination Fee") that accrues monthly at the rate of 1% per annum on the outstanding principal balance of the Mezzanine Loan and is payable at the time of the repayment of the Mezzanine Loan. There are no regularly scheduled payments of principal under the Mezzanine Loan until maturity. As of December 31, 2007, this loan was paying in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement and the Additional Termination Fee continued to accrue. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we transferred this loan which was originally designated as held for sale to the loan portfolio based upon our intent to retain this loan for investment.
As of December 31, 2007, the components of the Mezzanine Loan, net, on the combined balance sheet, were as follows ($ in thousands):
Loan |
$ | 150,000 | ||
Termination fee receivable |
2,252 | |||
Deferred fees |
(1,358 | ) | ||
Loan, net |
$ | 150,894 | ||
F-17
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 6. Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, restricted cash was as follows:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||
Escrows(1) |
$ | 11,970 | $ | 5,748 | |||
Security deposits(2) |
3,560 | 2,803 | |||||
Cash held for demand note payments(3) |
2,188 | 2,271 | |||||
Loan interest reserve(4) |
1,656 | | |||||
Other |
4,364 | 2,059 | |||||
Total |
$ | 23,738 | $ | 12,881 | |||
Certain of our cash accounts may be restricted under the terms of their respective underlying loan agreements. The funds in these accounts may hold lease collections from, and escrow payments for, some of our properties and are used to pay debt service and property related expenses such as taxes, capital expenditures and insurance.
Some of our accounts have been established as required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD"), which guarantees certain of our debt used to finance some of our properties and imposes restrictions on the activity of these accounts. The restrictions may include, amongst other activities, the number of times per annum that draws can be made and payment for the approved expenditures for replacement of capital items.
F-18
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7. Borrowings
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, our borrowings were as follows:
|
December 31, | |
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Interest Rate(1) |
Maturity Date |
||||||||||
|
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|
|
|||||||||
Mortgage debt: |
||||||||||||
Senior secured note |
$ | 248,447 | $ | 287,183 | LIBOR + 1.54% | April 2009(2) | ||||||
Mezzanine note |
35,916 | | LIBOR + 4.00% | April 2009(2) | ||||||||
Senior secured notes |
56,723 | 12,586 | 6.61%(3) | January 2036-May 2040 | ||||||||
Total mortgage debt |
341,086 | 299,769 | ||||||||||
Term debt: |
||||||||||||
Junior subordinated seller notes |
20,000 | 20,000 | 9.00% | December 2021 | ||||||||
Related party debt: |
||||||||||||
Promissory notes |
106,660 | 106,660 | LIBOR + 3.00% | Upon demand | ||||||||
Mortgage notes |
141,083 | | LIBOR + 2.30% | April 2017 | ||||||||
Total related party debt |
247,743 | 106,660 | ||||||||||
Total borrowings |
$ | 608,829 | $ | 426,429 | ||||||||
Mortgage Debt
In December 2006, we entered into a $287.2 million loan agreement with Column Financial Inc. ("Column") to finance the acquisition of 65 healthcare properties. Under the terms of this agreement, we were required to make constant monthly payments of principal and interest based upon a 25-year amortization of principal and an interest rate fixed at 7.25% until December 28, 2006 and thereafter at a fixed rate equal to the 10-year US Treasury swap rate plus 1.90%. In March 2007, we amended this loan agreement to, among other things, modify the interest rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 1.85% and change the maturity date from January 11, 2017 to April 9, 2009, with three one-year extensions at our option and without additional cost. On July 31, 2007, we further modified this loan agreement with Column to divide the loan into a $250.0 million senior loan and a $36.1 million mezzanine loan. The interest rate under the senior loan is 30-day LIBOR plus 1.54% and the interest rate under the mezzanine loan is 30-day LIBOR plus 4% (with the effect that the weighted average interest rate under the two loans taken together was unchanged after the modification). As of December 31, 2007, 65 properties, with a total carrying value of $363.2 million, collateralized this mortgage debt. Because the terms of the $250.0 million senior loan and a $36.1 million mezzanine loan are not substantially different from the original $287.2 million loan agreement, as defined by EITF 96-19, Debtor's
F-19
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7. Borrowings (Continued)
Accounting for a Modification or Exchange of Debt Instruments, we considered the consummation of the exchange offers as a modification and, therefore, continued to amortize the remaining unamortized deferred financing fees over the remaining estimated lives of the $250.0 million senior loan and a $36.1 million mezzanine loan. Additionally, all costs associated with the amendments were expensed as incurred.
In connection with the property acquisition from REIT Solutions, Inc. described in Note 3, Real Estate Investments, we assumed mortgage debt with a total fair value of $57.2 million as of the date of acquisition. The assumed debt agreements, which bear interest at a weighted average rate of 6.61%, are with Highland Mortgage Company ("Highland") and are guaranteed by HUD. As of December 31, 2007, eleven properties, with a total carrying value of $101.1 million, collateralize this mortgage debt.
Term Debt
In November 2006, in connection with the property acquisition from REIT Solutions described in Note 3, Real Estate Investments, we entered into five $4.0 million junior subordinated unsecured seller notes. The term of the notes is 15 years, and interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 9.00%. The interest on these notes is due and payable only to the extent that there is rent being received from the tenants of the acquired properties to cover the interest expense related to this debt. Principal is due at the end of the 15 year period only to the extent that all rent has been paid for the 15 year term of the debt.
Related Party Debt
In March 2006, we entered into four promissory notes, totaling $74.3 million, with CSE Mortgage. Interest was payable quarterly at a variable rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 3.00%, and principal was payable upon CSE Mortgage's demand. In July 2006, we repaid all amounts outstanding under these notes.
In July 2006, we entered into four promissory notes totaling $106.7 million with CSE Mortgage. Interest is payable quarterly at a variable rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 3.00%, and principal is payable upon CSE Mortgage's demand.
In November 2007, we entered into seven 10-year mortgage loans totaling $141.1 million with CSE Mortgage. Interest is payable monthly at a variable rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 2.30%. The 30-day LIBOR is subject to a floor of 4.50%. Principal is payable at maturity in November 2017 and the loans are prepayable at our option and without penalty. As of December 31, 2007, 49 properties, with a total carrying value of $232.2 million, and the cash flows generated by these properties collateralized this mortgage debt.
F-20
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7. Borrowings (Continued)
Debt Maturities
As of December 31, 2007, the contractual obligations under our mortgage debt and term debt were as follows:
|
Mortgage Debt(1) |
Term Debt |
Related Party Debt |
Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 5,117 | $ | | $ | 106,660 | $ | 111,777 | |||||
2009 |
5,491 | | | 5,491 | |||||||||
2010 |
5,894 | | | 5,894 | |||||||||
2011 |
6,326 | | | 6,326 | |||||||||
2012 |
265,127 | | | 265,127 | |||||||||
Thereafter |
51,347 | 20,000 | 141,083 | 212,430 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | 339,302 | $ | 20,000 | $ | 247,743 | $ | 607,045 | |||||
Deferred Financing Fees
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, deferred financing fees were as follows:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||
Deferred financing fees |
$ | 4,445 | $ | 4,326 | |||
Accumulated amortization |
(621 | ) | (32 | ) | |||
Deferred financing fees, net |
$ | 3,824 | $ | 4,294 | |||
Covenants
We are required to comply with financial and non-financial covenants related to our debt financings, including debt service coverage covenants. Failure by us to meet the covenants could result in an event of default and the commencement of foreclosure proceedings on the mortgages securing payment of the debt. Under the covenants of our mortgage debt with Column, CapitalSource is required to maintain a minimum net worth of $500.0 million. Failure by CapitalSource to meet this covenant could result in an event of default and the commencement of foreclosure proceedings on the mortgages securing payment of the debt.
F-21
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had identified conditional asset retirement obligations primarily related to the future removal and disposal of asbestos that is contained within certain of our real estate investment properties. The asbestos is appropriately contained, and we believe we are compliant with current environmental regulations. If these properties undergo major renovations or are demolished, certain environmental regulations are in place, which specify the manner in which asbestos must be handled and disposed. Under FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement ObligationsAn Interpretation of FASB No. 143, we are required to record the fair value of these conditional liabilities if they can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, sufficient information was not available to estimate our liability for conditional asset retirement obligations as the obligations to remove the asbestos from these properties have indeterminable settlement dates. As such, no liability for conditional asset retirement obligations was recorded on our accompanying combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had outstanding commitments related to lease incentives of $2.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
From time to time we may be party to legal proceedings. We do not believe that any currently pending or threatened proceeding, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, including our cash flows.
Note 9. Related Party Transactions
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had outstanding related party debt of $247.7 million and $106.7 million, respectively. The related party debt had outstanding accrued interest of $3.1 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For additional information about these borrowings, see Note 7, Borrowings.
For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we received contributions from CapitalSource totaling approximately $343.8 million and $280.1 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we made distributions to CapitalSource totaling approximately $90.6 million and $16.8 million, respectively.
Our combined statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, include the following related party income and expenses:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||
Allocated interest income(1) |
$ | 592 | $ | 194 | |||
Related party interest expense(2) |
20,469 | 9,292 | |||||
Allocated general and administrative expense(3) |
7,395 | 2,913 |
F-22
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 9. Related Party Transactions (Continued)
CapitalSource's management believes that the aforementioned allocations are reasonable. However, actual expenses may have been materially different from the allocated expenses if the Carve-out Entity had operated as an unaffiliated stand-alone entity.
Note 10. Concentrations of Risk
As of December 31, 2007, the single largest industry concentration in our real estate investments was SNFs, which made up approximately 99% of our real estate investments. As of December 31, 2007, the largest geographical concentration in real estate investments was Florida, which made up approximately 34% of the investments' carrying value.
We may lease an individual property to a single tenant as part of an individual lease or we may lease multiple properties to a single tenant as part of a master lease. We may also enter into multiple leases with a single tenant. In addition, certain of our individual tenants may be different subsidiaries of a common parent company or may have received guarantees from a common guarantor. Therefore, for determining concentrations of risk, we aggregate properties into tenant groups based upon the following:
Based on the tenant groupings described above, we have two tenant groups that accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the properties leased to Florida Institute for Long Term Care, LLC accounted for approximately 13% of our revenues, and the properties leased to the tenant group consisting of the Delta Health Group, Inc., Pensacola Health Trust, Inc. and Cordova Rehab, Inc. (the "Delta Tenant Group") accounted for approximately 11% of our revenues.
Note 11. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
SFAS No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments ("SFAS No. 107"), requires the disclosure of the estimated fair value of on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments. A financial instrument is defined by SFAS No. 107 as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity, or a contract that creates a contractual obligation or right to deliver to or receive cash or another financial instrument from a second entity on potentially favorable terms.
F-23
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 11. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)
Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market data and information about the financial instrument. SFAS No. 107 specifies that fair values should be calculated based on the value of one trading unit without regard to any premium or discount that may result from concentrations of ownership of a financial instrument, possible tax ramifications, estimated transaction costs that may result from bulk sales or the relationship between various financial instruments. Fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding current economic conditions, interest rate risk characteristics, loss experience and other factors. Many of these estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and cannot be determined with precision. Therefore, the estimated fair value may not be realizable in a current sale of the instrument. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair
value estimates, methods and assumptions are set forth below for our financial instruments:
The carrying value approximates fair value for all financial instruments discussed above as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, except as follows:
|
December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||
|
Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | |||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
|||||||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 341,086 | $ | 332,202 | $ | 299,769 | $ | 291,169 | |||||
Term debt |
20,000 | 20,830 | 20,000 | 19,324 |
F-24
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 12. Unaudited Quarterly Information
Unaudited quarterly information for each of the three month periods in the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, was as follows:
|
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2007 | September 30, 2007 | June 30, 2007 | March 31, 2007 | |||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 26,865 | $ | 26,873 | $ | 21,786 | $ | 19,667 | |||||
Interest and fee income |
5,491 | 4,981 | 148 | 185 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
11,799 | 13,658 | 11,637 | 9,168 | |||||||||
Depreciation expense |
8,916 | 8,912 | 7,378 | 6,749 | |||||||||
General and administrative expense |
3,200 | 2,242 | 2,199 | 2,819 | |||||||||
Loss on impairment of assets |
| 1,225 | | | |||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
156 | | | | |||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
1,198 | 1,200 | 1,201 | 1,352 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 7,399 | $ | 4,617 | $ | (481 | ) | $ | (236 | ) | |||
|
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2006 | September 30, 2006 | June 30, 2006 | March 31, 2006 | |||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 11,568 | $ | 7,809 | $ | 6,648 | $ | 4,355 | |||||
Interest and fee income |
49 | 48 | 49 | 48 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
4,682 | 3,209 | 2,764 | 2,718 | |||||||||
Depreciation expense |
4,114 | 3,087 | 2,628 | 1,635 | |||||||||
General and administrative expense |
1,369 | 962 | 708 | 770 | |||||||||
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment |
| (185 | ) | | (2,312 | ) | |||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
1,383 | 1,233 | 1,234 | 861 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 69 | $ | (819 | ) | $ | (637 | ) | $ | (3,893 | ) | ||
Note 13. Significant Tenant
We have one tenant group, based on properties subject to lease agreements, that occupies between 10% and 20% of our total assets.
F-25
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 13. Significant Tenant (Continued)
The following table summarizes the Delta Tenant Group's unaudited combined financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 ($ in thousands):
Current assets |
$ | 46,075 | ||
Non-current assets |
24,349 | |||
Current liabilities |
62,230 | |||
Non-current liabilities |
13,946 | |||
Stockholders' deficit |
(5,752 | ) | ||
Revenue |
$ |
364,607 |
||
Operating expenses |
354,554 | |||
Income from operations |
10,053 | |||
Other expense |
2,026 | |||
Net income |
$ | 8,027 | ||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ |
1,137 |
||
Net cash provided by investing activities |
761 | |||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(11,173 | ) |
The Delta Tenant Group leases 17 of our properties, representing approximately 12% of our total assets as of December 31, 2007, and 11% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Our financial position and ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by financial difficulties experienced by the Delta Tenant Group, or any of our lessees, including any bankruptcies, inability to emerge from bankruptcy, insolvency or general downturn in business of any such operator, or in the event any such operator does not renew and/or extend its relationship with us or our borrowers when it expires.
F-26
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Amount of Which Carried at Close of Period(1) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Initial Cost to Company |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
|
|
|
Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
Accumulated Depreciation |
Date of Construction |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | City | State | Encumbrances | Improvements | Impairment | Other | Total | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
($ in thousands) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assisted Living Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clearwater | Florida | $ | 1,315 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,315 | $ | (95 | ) | 1973 | January 2006 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
(6) Marianna | Florida | 4,826 | | | | 4,826 | (186 | ) | 1942 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(7) Winter Haven | Florida | (3 | ) | | | | | | | 1964 | December 2006 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Jeffersonville | Indiana | (3 | ) | 2,176 | | | | 2,176 | (72 | ) | 1999 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
8,317 | | | | 8,317 | (353 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long Term Acute Care Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(8) Wichita | Kansas | (3 | ) | 1,547 | | | | 1,547 | (66 | ) | 1979 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Las Vegas | Nevada | (5 | ) | 3,084 | | | | 3,084 | (259 | ) | 1972 | May 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
4,631 | | | | 4,631 | (325 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skilled Nursing Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mobile | Alabama | (3 | ) | 8,674 | | | | 8,674 | (254 | ) | 1968 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Douglas | Arizona | (3 | ) | 4,132 | | | | 4,132 | (126 | ) | 1985 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Safford | Arizona | (3 | ) | 6,079 | | | | 6,079 | (192 | ) | 1985 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dumas | Arkansas | (3 | ) | 968 | | | | 968 | (45 | ) | 1968 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Piggott | Arkansas | (3 | ) | 888 | | | | 888 | (43 | ) | 1966 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Claremont | California | (3 | ) | 4,931 | | | | 4,931 | (95 | ) | 1958 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Denver | Colorado | (3 | ) | 3,534 | | | | 3,534 | (71 | ) | 1971 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Denver | Colorado | 2,231 | | | | 2,231 | (54 | ) | 1973 | March 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lakewood | Colorado | (3 | ) | 3,564 | | | | 3,564 | (77 | ) | 1959 | December 2006 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bartow | Florida | 3,554 | | | | 3,554 | (368 | ) | 1972 | January 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Boca Raton | Florida | 7,693 | | | | 7,693 | (571 | ) | 1969 | January 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bradenton | Florida | 11,220 | | | | 11,220 | (873 | ) | 1977 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cape Coral | Florida | 6,727 | | | | 6,727 | (513 | ) | 1978 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Clearwater | Florida | 2,255 | | | | 2,255 | (162 | ) | 1973 | January 2006 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Clearwater | Florida | 5,851 | | | | 5,851 | (598 | ) | 1970 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Crestview | Florida | (4 | ) | 5,273 | | | | 5,273 | (105 | ) | 1988 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Deland | Florida | 1,497 | | | | 1,497 | (153 | ) | 1970 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Deland | Florida | 1,950 | | | | 1,950 | (207 | ) | 1974 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(6) Destin | Florida | (4 | ) | 9,027 | | | | 9,027 | (173 | ) | 1988 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fort Meyers | Florida | 7,028 | | | | 7,028 | (533 | ) | 1995 | January 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fort Walton Beach | Florida | 4,866 | | | | 4,866 | (491 | ) | 1973 | January 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(6) Gulf Breeze | Florida | (4 | ) | 10,033 | | | | 10,033 | (206 | ) | 1984 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gulfport | Florida | 4,252 | | | | 4,252 | (429 | ) | 1970 | January 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hudson | Florida | 3,978 | | | | 3,978 | (308 | ) | 1987 | January 2006 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jacksonville | Florida | 7,096 | | | | 7,096 | (823 | ) | 1963 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lake City | Florida | (3 | ) | 6,129 | | | | 6,129 | (186 | ) | 1967 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lake Wales | Florida | 4,749 | | | | 4,749 | (491 | ) | 1971 | January 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lake Worth | Florida | (3 | ) | 10,132 | | | | 10,132 | (251 | ) | 1984 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lakeland | Florida | 5,050 | | | | 5,050 | (514 | ) | 1970 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak | Florida | 13,651 | | | | 13,651 | (473 | ) | 1983 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak | Florida | (3 | ) | 6,858 | | | | 6,858 | (193 | ) | 1987 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Maitland | Florida | 8,363 | | | | 8,363 | (274 | ) | 1983 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Margate | Florida | (4 | ) | 17,711 | | | | 17,711 | (302 | ) | 1984 | May 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Melbourne | Florida | 8,363 | | | | 8,363 | (265 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
North Bay Village | Florida | 5,720 | | | | 5,720 | (654 | ) | 1951 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Orange Park | Florida | (3 | ) | 1,278 | | | | 1,278 | (46 | ) | 1987 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Orlando | Florida | (3 | ) | 7,746 | | | | 7,746 | (203 | ) | 1971 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Orlando | Florida | (3 | ) | 14,824 | | | | 14,824 | (423 | ) | 1987 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Panama City | Florida | 6,056 | | | | 6,056 | (198 | ) | 1967 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Panama City | Florida | 3,584 | | | | 3,584 | (337 | ) | 1960/72 | January 2006 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Pensacola | Florida | (4 | ) | 8,432 | | | | 8,432 | (182 | ) | 1963 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pensacola | Florida | (4 | ) | 8,740 | | | | 8,740 | (175 | ) | 1973 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pensacola | Florida | (4 | ) | 9,866 | | | | 9,866 | (204 | ) | 1991 | April 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Plant City | Florida | 3,408 | | | | 3,408 | (434 | ) | 1969 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Pompano Beach | Florida | 4,355 | | | | 4,355 | (321 | ) | 1965 | January 2006 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Pompano Beach | Florida | 7,918 | | | | 7,918 | (610 | ) | 1975 | January 2006 | 20 |
F-27
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Amount of Which Carried at Close of Period(1) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Initial Cost to Company |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
|
|
|
Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
Accumulated Depreciation |
Date of Construction |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | City | State | Encumbrances | Improvements | Impairment | Other | Total | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skilled Nursing Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Port St. Lucie | Florida | (3 | ) | $ | 14,424 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 14,424 | $ | (372 | ) | 1987 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||
Sanford | Florida | 5,320 | | | | 5,320 | (404 | ) | 1965 | January 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sarasota | Florida | 2,944 | | | | 2,944 | (225 | ) | 1967 | January 2006 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Spring Hill | Florida | 7,865 | | | | 7,865 | (597 | ) | 1988 | January 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 7,563 | | | | 7,563 | (954 | ) | 1961 | January 2006 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 3,713 | | | | 3,713 | (282 | ) | 1962 | January 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 1,655 | | | | 1,655 | (192 | ) | 1961 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 1,837 | | | | 1,837 | (214 | ) | 1966 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 3,730 | | | | 3,730 | (360 | ) | 1968 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 1,253 | | | | 1,253 | (147 | ) | 1968 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 3,795 | | | | 3,795 | (451 | ) | 1969 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
St Petersburg | Florida | 4,337 | | | | 4,337 | (327 | ) | 1984 | January 2006 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tampa | Florida | 10,670 | | | | 10,670 | (822 | ) | 1969 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tampa | Florida | 6,313 | | | | 6,313 | (481 | ) | 1986 | January 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tarpon Springs | Florida | 5,100 | | | | 5,100 | (475 | ) | 1965 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Titusville | Florida | 4,561 | | | | 4,561 | (353 | ) | 1966 | January 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
West Palm Beach | Florida | 4,369 | | | | 4,369 | (321 | ) | 1999 | January 2006 | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Winter Haven | Florida | 11,021 | | | | 11,021 | (1,263 | ) | 1964 | January 2006 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Winter Haven | Florida | (3 | ) | 3,683 | | | | 3,683 | (71 | ) | 1983 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chesterton | Indiana | (3 | ) | 11,419 | | | | 11,419 | (329 | ) | 1985 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fort Wayne | Indiana | (3 | ) | 1,966 | | | | 1,966 | (72 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indianapolis | Indiana | (3 | ) | 639 | | | | 639 | (33 | ) | 1968 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indianapolis | Indiana | (3 | ) | 5,201 | | | | 5,201 | (154 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Jeffersonville | Indiana | (3 | ) | 2,695 | | | | 2,695 | (130 | ) | 1968 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ligonier | Indiana | (3 | ) | 4,632 | | | | 4,632 | (142 | ) | 1985 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Logansport | Indiana | (3 | ) | 1,867 | | | | 1,867 | (72 | ) | 1974 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lowell | Indiana | (3 | ) | 2,196 | | | | 2,196 | (95 | ) | 1933 | December 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Richmond | Indiana | (3 | ) | 1,817 | | | | 1,817 | (39 | ) | 1987 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Upland | Indiana | (3 | ) | 4,312 | | | | 4,312 | (141 | ) | 1975 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Vincennes | Indiana | 2,491 | | | | 2,491 | (86 | ) | 1968 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Williamsport | Indiana | (5 | ) | 3,150 | | | | 3,150 | (41 | ) | 1971 | July 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Yorktown | Indiana | (3 | ) | 13,455 | | | | 13,455 | (395 | ) | 1983 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cedar Rapids | Iowa | (3 | ) | 11,838 | | | | 11,838 | (355 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Salina | Kansas | (3 | ) | 2,937 | | | | 2,937 | (96 | ) | 1967 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Albany | Kentucky | (3 | ) | 5,201 | | | | 5,201 | (163 | ) | 1964 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Augusta | Kentucky | (3 | ) | 2,086 | | | | 2,086 | (77 | ) | 1964 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bedford | Kentucky | (3 | ) | 2,336 | | | | 2,336 | (82 | ) | 1976 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Georgetown | Kentucky | (3 | ) | 5,819 | | | | 5,819 | (159 | ) | 1968 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Taylorsville | Kentucky | (3 | ) | 8,544 | | | | 8,544 | (267 | ) | 1989 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cambridge | Maryland | (3 | ) | 11,399 | | | | 11,399 | (356 | ) | 1976 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elkton | Maryland | (3 | ) | 11,709 | | | | 11,709 | (348 | ) | 1977 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lexington Park | Maryland | (3 | ) | 4,811 | | | | 4,811 | (149 | ) | 1982 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chelmsford | Massachussetts | (3 | ) | 11,998 | | | | 11,998 | (272 | ) | 1967 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairhaven | Massachussetts | 3,901 | | | | 3,901 | (69 | ) | 1900 | May 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Clarksdale | Mississippi | 4,038 | | | | 4,038 | (142 | ) | 1966 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gulfport | Mississippi | (4 | ) | 10,661 | | | | 10,661 | (343 | ) | 1979 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ocean Springs | Mississippi | (4 | ) | 10,435 | | | | 10,435 | (337 | ) | 1972 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pass Christian | Mississippi | (4 | ) | 5,201 | | | | 5,201 | (162 | ) | 1967 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Waynesboro | Mississippi | (4 | ) | 8,010 | | | | 8,010 | (145 | ) | 1963 | May 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
West Point | Mississippi | 7,337 | | | | 7,337 | (236 | ) | 1976 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Boulder City | Nevada | (5 | ) | 3,959 | | | | 3,959 | (272 | ) | 1979 | May 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Las Vegas | Nevada | (5 | ) | 7,914 | | | | 7,914 | (585 | ) | 1972 | May 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
N. Las Vegas | Nevada | (5 | ) | 9,236 | | | | 9,236 | (645 | ) | 1978 | May 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Las Vegas | New Mexico | (3 | ) | 3,364 | | | | 3,364 | (107 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Arden | North Carolina | (3 | ) | 7,281 | | | | 7,281 | (244 | ) | 1996 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
King | North Carolina | (3 | ) | 4,801 | | | | 4,801 | (164 | ) | 1993 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Knightdale | North Carolina | (3 | ) | 5,618 | | | (30 | ) | 5,588 | (162 | ) | 1993 | December 2006 | 40 |
F-28
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Amount of Which Carried at Close of Period(1) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Initial Cost to Company |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
|
|
|
Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
Accumulated Depreciation |
Date of Construction |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | City | State | Encumbrances | Improvements | Impairment | Other | Total | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skilled Nursing Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lenoir | North Carolina | (3 | ) | $ | 9,244 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,244 | $ | (278 | ) | 1990 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||
Walnut Cove | North Carolina | (3 | ) | 8,321 | | | | 8,321 | (251 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Woodfin | North Carolina | (3 | ) | 7,709 | | | | 7,709 | (236 | ) | 1993 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Canton | Ohio | (3 | ) | 7,696 | | | | 7,696 | (246 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilliard | Ohio | (3 | ) | 8,345 | | | | 8,345 | (259 | ) | 1965 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Whitehouse | Ohio | 5,446 | | | | 5,446 | (135 | ) | 1979 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Moore | Oklahoma | (3 | ) | 3,184 | | | | 3,184 | (110 | ) | 1985 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ponca City | Oklahoma | (3 | ) | 3,853 | | | | 3,853 | (131 | ) | 1963 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Seminole | Oklahoma | (3 | ) | 409 | | | | 409 | (38 | ) | 1965 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Shawnee | Oklahoma | (3 | ) | 6,977 | | | | 6,977 | (220 | ) | 1973 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stillwater | Oklahoma | (3 | ) | 5,640 | | | | 5,640 | (176 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bristol | Pennsylvania | 8,677 | | | | 8,677 | (1,094 | ) | 1969 | January 2006 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hillsdale | Pennsylvania | 1,244 | | | | 1,244 | (54 | ) | 1900 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | (5 | ) | 8,700 | | | | 8,700 | (674 | ) | 1977 | June 2006 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||
State College | Pennsylvania | (5 | ) | 7,685 | | | | 7,685 | (115 | ) | 1962/64 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Blountville | Tennessee | 1,999 | | | | 1,999 | (71 | ) | 1981 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bolivar | Tennessee | 10,120 | | | | 10,120 | (267 | ) | 1974 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Camden | Tennessee | 5,186 | | | | 5,186 | (138 | ) | 1975 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Huntingdon | Tennessee | 8,739 | | | | 8,739 | (221 | ) | 1978 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Huntsville | Tennessee | (3 | ) | 10,770 | | | | 10,770 | (315 | ) | 1983 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Jefferson City | Tennessee | 13,412 | | | | 13,412 | (343 | ) | 1974 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingsport | Tennessee | (3 | ) | 13,416 | | | | 13,416 | (392 | ) | 1980 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lawrenceburg | Tennessee | (3 | ) | 10,531 | | | 10,531 | (319 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Memphis | Tennessee | 18,328 | | | | 18,328 | (462 | ) | 1978 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ripley | Tennessee | 6,847 | | | | 6,847 | (175 | ) | 1980 | February 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Albany | Texas | (5 | ) | 525 | | | | 525 | (15 | ) | 1978 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amarillo | Texas | (3 | ) | 1,048 | | | | 1,048 | (35 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(7) Austin | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,000 | | | (600 | ) | 400 | | 1977/90 | June 2007 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balch Springs | Texas | (5 | ) | 4,659 | | | | 4,659 | (73 | ) | 1971 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bowie | Texas | (5 | ) | 4,964 | | | | 4,964 | (90 | ) | 1955 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Clarksville | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,575 | | | | 5,575 | (89 | ) | 1965 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cleburne | Texas | (5 | ) | 4,076 | | | | 4,076 | (72 | ) | 1972 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Clyde | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,117 | | | | 1,117 | (24 | ) | 1963 | June 2007 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corpus Christi | Texas | (5 | ) | 9,680 | | | | 9,680 | (419 | ) | 1964 | August 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Crane | Texas | (5 | ) | 2,095 | | | | 2,095 | (57 | ) | 1996 | March 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Crowell | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,012 | | | | 1,012 | (21 | ) | 1975 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dallas | Texas | (5 | ) | 6,997 | | | | 6,997 | (89 | ) | 1976 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
El Paso | Texas | (5 | ) | 8,649 | | | | 8,649 | (124 | ) | 1979 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
El Paso | Texas | (5 | ) | 7,036 | | | | 7,036 | (100 | ) | 1975 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Frankston | Texas | (3 | ) | 240 | | | | 240 | (30 | ) | 1972 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ft Worth | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,021 | | | | 5,021 | (82 | ) | 1970 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ft Worth | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,737 | | | | 5,737 | (82 | ) | 1972 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Greenville | Texas | (5 | ) | 6,749 | | | | 6,749 | (100 | ) | 1976 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Henderson | Texas | (5 | ) | 8,678 | | | | 8,678 | (135 | ) | 1966 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Houston | Texas | (5 | ) | 10,109 | | | | 10,109 | (586 | ) | 1955 | August 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Houston | Texas | (5 | ) | 8,962 | | | | 8,962 | (428 | ) | 1960 | August 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Houston | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,236 | | | | 1,236 | (72 | ) | 1959 | August 2006 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Houston | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,518 | | | | 5,518 | (85 | ) | 1973/84 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Jacksonville | Texas | (5 | ) | 897 | | | | 897 | (28 | ) | 1973 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kerrville | Texas | (5 | ) | 10,880 | | | | 10,880 | (238 | ) | 2006 | March 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lubbock | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,241 | | | | 5,241 | (73 | ) | 1977 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mcallen | Texas | (5 | ) | 2,062 | | | | 2,062 | (29 | ) | 1963 | June 2007 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mcallen | Texas | (5 | ) | 8,926 | | | | 8,926 | (124 | ) | 1986/91/95 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mesquite | Texas | (5 | ) | 9,480 | | | | 9,480 | (137 | ) | 1975 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mineral Wells | Texas | (5 | ) | 7,227 | | | | 7,227 | (101 | ) | 1975 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Munday | Texas | (5 | ) | 401 | | | | 401 | (13 | ) | 1977 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pilot Point | Texas | (3 | ) | 3,723 | | | | 3,723 | (128 | ) | 1986 | December 2006 | 40 |
F-29
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Amount of Which Carried at Close of Period(1) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Initial Cost to Company |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
|
|
|
Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Buildings, Land and Furniture and Equipment |
Accumulated Depreciation |
Date of Construction |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | City | State | Encumbrances | Improvements | Impairment | Other | Total | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skilled Nursing Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pittsburg | Texas | (3 | ) | $ | 5,610 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 5,610 | $ | (206 | ) | 1969 | December 2006 | 35 | |||||||||||||||
Plainvew | Texas | (5 | ) | 7,866 | | | | 7,866 | (113 | ) | 1993 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rosenburg | Texas | (5 | ) | 5,566 | | | | 5,566 | (89 | ) | 1977 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rusk | Texas | (5 | ) | 592 | | | | 592 | (21 | ) | 1970 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
San Antonio | Texas | (5 | ) | 4,277 | | | | 4,277 | (68 | ) | 1976 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
San Antonio | Texas | (5 | ) | 2,654 | | | | 2,654 | (45 | ) | 1965 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sulphur Springs | Texas | (5 | ) | 3,580 | | | | 3,580 | (68 | ) | 1969 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Texarkana | Texas | 3,623 | | | | 3,623 | (123 | ) | 1972 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas City | Texas | (3 | ) | 5,530 | | | | 5,530 | (182 | ) | 1972 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Texas City | Texas | (5 | ) | 2,959 | | | | 2,959 | (59 | ) | 1967 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Vernon | Texas | (5 | ) | 907 | | | | 907 | (21 | ) | 1954 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Weatherford | Texas | (5 | ) | 2,740 | | | | 2,740 | (48 | ) | 1967 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
White Settlement | Texas | (5 | ) | 3,370 | | | | 3,370 | (55 | ) | 1969 | June 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wichita Falls | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,594 | | | | 1,594 | (31 | ) | 1963 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wichita Falls | Texas | (5 | ) | 1,107 | | | | 1,107 | (28 | ) | 1969 | June 2007 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Green Bay | Wisconsin | (3 | ) | 6,523 | | | | 6,523 | (212 | ) | 1970 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Omro | Wisconsin | (3 | ) | 4,268 | | | | 4,268 | (141 | ) | 1974 | December 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rhinelander | Wisconsin | 3,856 | | | | 3,856 | (353 | ) | 1967 | June 2006 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhinelander | Wisconsin | 2,877 | | | | 2,877 | (172 | ) | 1981 | June 2006 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(6) Ripon | Wisconsin | (5 | ) | 4,111 | | | | 4,111 | (70 | ) | 1964 | August 2007 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
1,046,269 | | | (630 | ) | 1,045,639 | (42,687 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
$ | 1,059,217 | $ | | $ | | $ | (630 | ) | $ | 1,058,587 | $ | (43,365 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 | 2007 | |||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | | $ | 732,498 | |||||
Additions during year: |
|||||||||
Acquisitions |
732,498 | 332,471 | |||||||
Deductions during year: |
|||||||||
Cost of real estate sold |
| (5,217 | ) | ||||||
Impairments |
| (1,140 | ) | ||||||
Land seized via consent judgment |
| (30 | ) | ||||||
Balance at close of period |
$ | 732,498 | $ | 1,058,582 | |||||
F-30
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Balance Sheets
|
June 30, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
|||||||
|
||||||||
Real estate investments: |
||||||||
Buildings and improvements |
$ | 910,413 | $ | 900,417 | ||||
Land |
106,797 | 106,620 | ||||||
Furniture and equipment |
51,814 | 51,545 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation |
(61,325 | ) | (43,370 | ) | ||||
Real estate investment, net |
1,007,699 | 1,015,212 | ||||||
Loan, net |
151,875 | 150,894 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
9,863 | 16,088 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
16,322 | 23,738 | ||||||
Deposits |
9,334 | 13,758 | ||||||
Deferred financing fees, net |
3,394 | 3,824 | ||||||
Intangible lease assets, net |
18,652 | 21,351 | ||||||
Straight-line rent receivable |
15,512 | 11,680 | ||||||
Receivables and other assets, net |
2,849 | 2,470 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,235,500 | $ | 1,259,015 | ||||
|
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Mortgage debt |
$ | 332,988 | $ | 341,086 | ||||
Related party debt |
247,743 | 247,743 | ||||||
Term debt |
20,000 | 20,000 | ||||||
Lease obligations, net |
48,369 | 51,918 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
28,674 | 30,910 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
677,774 | 691,657 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
14,666 |
44,808 |
||||||
Member's equity |
543,060 | 522,550 | ||||||
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and member's equity |
$ | 1,235,500 | $ | 1,259,015 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
F-31
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statements of Operations
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||
|
(Unaudited) |
||||||||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
Operating lease income |
$ | 27,441 | $ | 21,787 | $ | 54,150 | $ | 41,454 | |||||||
Interest and fee income |
4,467 | 148 | 9,418 | 333 | |||||||||||
Total revenues |
31,908 | 21,935 | 63,568 | 41,787 | |||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
9,921 | 11,638 | 20,921 | 20,806 | |||||||||||
Depreciation |
8,990 | 7,378 | 17,959 | 14,127 | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
2,388 | 2,198 | 5,046 | 5,017 | |||||||||||
Total expenses |
21,299 | 21,214 | 43,926 | 39,950 | |||||||||||
Income before noncontrolling interests expense |
10,609 |
721 |
19,642 |
1,837 |
|||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate |
105 | | 105 | | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests expense |
(392 | ) | (1,201 | ) | (1,545 | ) | (2,553 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 10,322 | $ | (480 | ) | $ | 18,202 | $ | (716 | ) | |||||
See accompanying notes.
F-32
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statement of Member's Equity
(Unaudited)
($ in thousands)
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total member's equity as of December 31, 2007 |
$ | 522,550 | |||
Net contributions |
2,308 | ||||
Net income |
18,202 | ||||
Total member's equity as of June 30, 2008 |
$ | 543,060 | |||
See accompanying notes.
F-33
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
Combined Statements of Cash Flows
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
|
(Unaudited) ($ in thousands) |
||||||||
Operating activities: |
|||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 18,202 | $ | (716 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|||||||||
Depreciation |
17,959 | 14,127 | |||||||
Amortization of lease intangible, net |
(649 | ) | 1,197 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing fees |
458 | 573 | |||||||
Amortization of deferred loan fees |
(149 | ) | | ||||||
Accretion of termination fee receivable |
(832 | ) | | ||||||
Increase in straight-line rent receivable |
(3,832 | ) | (3,311 | ) | |||||
Increase in receivables and other assets |
(328 | ) | (122 | ) | |||||
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities |
(2,791 | ) | 3,607 | ||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
28,038 | 15,355 | |||||||
Investing activities: |
|||||||||
Acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash acquired |
(10,120 | ) | (246,060 | ) | |||||
Decrease (increase) in deposits |
4,424 | (3,092 | ) | ||||||
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash |
7,416 | (4,116 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
1,720 | (253,268 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities: |
|||||||||
Payments of deferred financing fees |
| (119 | ) | ||||||
Repayments of mortgage debt |
(8,149 | ) | (838 | ) | |||||
Net (distributions) contributions |
(27,834 | ) | 245,564 | ||||||
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
(35,983 | ) | 244,607 | ||||||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(6,225 | ) | 6,694 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period |
16,088 | 6,508 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period |
$ | 9,863 | $ | 13,202 | |||||
Supplemental information: |
|||||||||
Noncash transactions from investing and financing activities: |
|||||||||
Acquisition of real estate investments |
$ | | $ | 79,069 | |||||
Assumption of lease obligations, net |
| 30,476 | |||||||
Assumption of debt |
| 44,627 | |||||||
Conversion of noncontrolling interests |
30,142 | 11,533 |
See accompanying notes.
F-34
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
CapitalSource Inc. ("CapitalSource"), a Delaware corporation, is a commercial finance, investment and asset management company operating as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") and providing a broad array of financial products to middle market businesses. CapitalSource currently operates as three reportable segments: 1) Commercial Finance, 2) Healthcare Net Lease, and 3) Residential Mortgage Investment. The Commercial Finance segment comprises CapitalSource's commercial lending business activities; the Healthcare Net Lease segment comprises CapitalSource's direct real estate investment business activities; and the Residential Mortgage Investment segment comprises CapitalSource's residential mortgage investment activities.
CapitalSource completed its first healthcare-related facilities acquisition in January 2006. The real estate investments comprising CapitalSource's Healthcare Net Lease segment are primarily income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities ("SNFs"), located in the United States. CapitalSource's real estate investments are generally leased to tenants under triple-net leases. Under a typical triple-net lease, an operator agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment, subject to annual escalations, and all facility operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, as well as make capital improvements.
CapitalSource intends to contribute all of the assets and liabilities of its Healthcare Net Lease segment along with a $150.0 million interest in a $375.0 million mezzanine loan to CapitalSource Healthcare REIT ("CHR"), a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource as part of a plan to complete an initial public offering of less than 50% of CHR's common shares of beneficial interest. All of the shares to be sold in this offering will be sold by CapitalSource.
These combined financial statements reflect the combined financial position and results of operations of CapitalSource's HealthCare Net Lease segment and the $150.0 million loan interest carved out of the accounts of CapitalSource (the "Carve-out Entity") as if the Carve-out Entity had been a separate stand-alone company owning these assets and related liabilities for the respective periods presented. All amounts presented herein have been reflected at CapitalSource's historical basis.
For all periods presented, certain management, administrative and operational services of CapitalSource were shared between the Carve-out Entity and other CapitalSource segments. For purposes of financial statement presentation, the costs for these shared services have been allocated to the Carve-out Entity based on actual direct costs incurred and an allocation of indirect costs. See Note 7, Related Party Transactions, for additional information about these allocations. CapitalSource's management believes that the allocations are reasonable. However, actual expenses may have been materially different from the allocated expenses if the Carve-out Entity had operated as an unaffiliated stand-alone entity.
In these combined financial statements, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to "we," "our," and "us" refer to the Carve-out Entity.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Unaudited Interim Combined Financial Statements Basis of Presentation
Our interim combined financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements of Article 10 of Regulation S-X on interim financial statements. Accordingly, certain
F-35
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
disclosures accompanying interim combined financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods, have been included. The current period's results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim unaudited combined financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited combined financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 and notes thereto.
The accompanying financial statements reflect our combined accounts, including those of our majority-owned subsidiaries. The portion of the net income or loss attributable to third parties owning noncontrolling interests in one of our subsidiaries is reported as noncontrolling interests expense on our combined statements of operations and such parties' portion of the net equity in such subsidiaries is reported on our combined balance sheets as noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Except as discussed below, our accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our audited combined financial statements as of December 31, 2007 included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following accounting policy became a significant accounting policy during the six months ended June 30, 2008:
Fair Value Measurements
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS No. 157"), effective January 1, 2008. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants.
SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes observable data from active markets, placing measurements using those inputs in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, and gives the lowest priority to unobservable inputs and classifies these as Level 3 measurements. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157 are described below:
Level 1Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date;
Level 2Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, management's own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
F-36
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS No. 157, which establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other accounting standards require or permit fair value measurement. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 ("FSP SFAS 157-2"), which delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those items recognized or disclosed at fair value on an annual or more frequently recurring basis, until years beginning after November 15, 2008. Therefore, we have not yet applied the provisions of SFAS No. 157 to items such as real estate investments and intangible lease assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment. Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, except for items covered by FSP SFAS 157-2, and it did not have a significant effect on fair value measurements in our combined financial statements. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of FSP SFAS 157-2 on our combined financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations ("SFAS No. 141(R)"), which establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. SFAS No. 141(R) also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. The effective date for SFAS No. 141(R) is for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We plan to adopt SFAS No. 141(R) on January 1, 2009. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R) on our combined financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial StatementsAn Amendment of ARB No. 51 ("SFAS No. 160"), which establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the combined entity that should be reported as equity in the combined financial statements. SFAS No. 160 also amends certain consolidation procedures for consistency with the requirements of FASB Statement No. 141(R). The effective date for SFAS No. 160 is the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2008. We plan to adopt SFAS No. 160 on January 1, 2009. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 160 on our combined financial statements.
Note 3. Real Estate Investments
Our real estate investments primarily consist of long-term care facilities generally leased through long-term, triple-net operating leases. As of June 30, 2008, our real estate investments included 180 SNFs, four assisted living facilities ("ALFs") and two long-term acute care hospitals.
F-37
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 3. Real Estate Investments (Continued)
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, real estate investments with total carrying values of $685.2 million and $696.5 million, respectively, were financed through either mortgage debt or term debt. See Note 5, Borrowings, for additional information.
Note 4. Intangible Lease Asset and Lease Obligations
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, intangible lease assets totaled $18.7 million and $21.4 million, respectively, net of $7.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, in accumulated amortization. The weighted average amortization periods of these intangible assets as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were approximately 8.0 years and 7.6 years, respectively. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our lease obligations totaled $48.4 million and $51.9 million, respectively, net of $9.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively, in accumulated amortization. The weighted average amortization periods of these lease obligations as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was approximately 9.1 years.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, operating lease income was increased by $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The increase was due to the amortization of our intangible lease assets and lease obligations, which totaled $1.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and $1.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2008. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, operating lease income was reduced by $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The decrease was due to the amortization of our intangible lease assets and lease obligations, which totaled $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and $3.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
F-38
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 5. Borrowings
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our borrowings were as follows:
|
June 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | Interest Rate(1) |
Maturity Date |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($ in thousands) |
|
|
||||||||
Mortgage debt: |
|||||||||||
Senior secured note(2) |
$ | 240,945 | $ | 248,447 | LIBOR + 1.54% | April 2009(3) | |||||
Mezzanine note(2) |
35,638 | 35,916 | LIBOR + 4.00% | April 2009(3) | |||||||
Senior secured notes guaranteed by HUD(4) |
56,405 | 56,723 | 6.61%(5) | January 2036-May 2040 | |||||||
Total mortgage debt |
332,988 | 341,086 | |||||||||
Term debt: |
|||||||||||
Junior subordinated seller notes |
20,000 | 20,000 | 9.00% | December 2021 | |||||||
Related party debt: |
|||||||||||
Promissory notes |
106,660 | 106,660 | LIBOR + 3.00% | Upon demand | |||||||
Mortgage notes(6) |
141,083 | 141,083 | LIBOR + 2.30% | April 2017 | |||||||
Total related party debt |
247,743 | 247,743 | |||||||||
Total borrowings |
$ | 600,731 | $ | 608,829 | |||||||
Covenants
We are required to comply with financial and non-financial covenants related to our debt financings, including debt service coverage covenants. Failure by us to meet the covenants could result in an event of default and the commencement of foreclosure proceedings on the mortgages securing payment of the debt. Under the covenants of our mortgage debt with Column Financial, Inc., CapitalSource is required to maintain a minimum net worth of $500.0 million. Failure by CapitalSource to meet this covenant could result in an event of default and the commencement of foreclosure proceedings on the mortgages securing payment of the debt.
F-39
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies
As of June 30, 2008, we had identified conditional asset retirement obligations primarily related to the future removal and disposal of asbestos that is contained within certain of our real estate investment properties. The asbestos is appropriately contained, and we believe we are compliant with current environmental regulations. If these properties undergo major renovations or are demolished, certain environmental regulations are in place, which specify the manner in which asbestos must be handled and disposed. Under FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement ObligationsAn Interpretation of FASB No. 143, we are required to record the fair value of these conditional liabilities if they can be reasonably estimated. As of June 30, 2008, sufficient information was not available to estimate our liability for conditional asset retirement obligations as the obligations to remove the asbestos from these properties have indeterminable settlement dates. As such, no liability for conditional asset retirement obligations was recorded on our accompanying combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2008.
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had outstanding commitments related to lease incentives of $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
From time to time we are party to legal proceedings. We do not believe that any currently pending or threatened proceeding, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, including our cash flows.
Note 7. Related Party Transactions
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had outstanding related party debt of $247.7 million. The related party debt had outstanding accrued interest totaling $0.8 million and $3.1 million as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we received contributions from CapitalSource totaling approximately $42.4 million and $68.8 million, respectively, and made distributions to CapitalSource totaling approximately $29.3 million and $66.5 million, respectively.
Our combined statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, include the following related party income and expenses:
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
|
($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Allocated interest income(1) |
$ | 111 | $ | 148 | $ | 275 | $ | 296 | |||||
Related party interest expense(2) |
5,175 | 4,922 | 10,617 | 8,151 | |||||||||
Allocated general and administrative expenses(3) |
1,874 | 1,891 | 4,379 | 3,126 |
F-40
CapitalSource Healthcare Net Lease Segment and Loan
(A Carve-out of CapitalSource Inc.)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7. Related Party Transactions (Continued)
CapitalSource's management believes that the aforementioned allocations are reasonable. However, actual expenses may have been materially different from the allocated expenses if the Carve-out Entity had operated as an unaffiliated stand-alone entity.
Note 8. Concentrations of Risk
As of June 30, 2008, the single largest industry concentration in our real estate investments was SNFs, which made up approximately 99% of the investments carrying value. As of June 30, 2008, the largest geographical concentration in real estate investments was Florida, which made up approximately 33% of the investments carrying value.
We may lease an individual property to a single tenant as part of an individual lease or we may lease multiple properties to a single tenant as part of a master lease. We may also enter into multiple leases with a single tenant. In addition, certain of our individual tenants may be different subsidiaries of a common parent company or may have received guarantees from a common guarantor. Therefore, for determining concentrations of risk, we aggregate properties into tenant groups based upon the following:
Based on the tenant groupings described above, we have three tenant groups that accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2008. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, the properties leased to Florida Institute for Long Term Care, LLC and the properties leased to New Bell Facilities Services, L.P. accounted for approximately 10% of our revenues, respectively; and the properties leased to the tenant group consisting of the Delta Health Group, Inc., Pensacola Health Trust, Inc. and Cordova Rehab, Inc. (the "Delta Tenant Group") accounted for approximately 12% of our revenues.
As of June 30, 2008, we had a $150.0 million interest in a $375.0 million mezzanine loan made in July 2007 by an affiliate of CapitalSource to FCGen Acquisition Inc. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, this loan accounted for approximately 14% of our total revenues.
F-41
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholder of CapitalSource Healthcare REIT
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of CapitalSource Healthcare REIT (the "Company") as of July 31, 2008. This balance sheet is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this balance sheet based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the balance sheet is free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit of the balance sheet provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the balance sheet referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at July 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
McLean,
Virginia
September 26, 2008
F-42
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT
Balance Sheet
As of July 31, 2008
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Assets |
$ | | |||
|
|||||
Liabilities |
$ | | |||
Shareholder's Equity: |
|||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding |
| ||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 100 shares issued and outstanding |
1 | ||||
Subscription receivable |
(1 | ) | |||
Total shareholder's equity |
| ||||
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity |
$ | | |||
See accompanying notes.
F-43
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT
July 31, 2008
NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust ("REIT), on May 30, 2008. We are managed by CapitalSource Finance LLC ("CapitalSource"), a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource Inc. ("CapitalSource"). Under our Declaration of Trust, we are authorized to issue up to 1,000 preferred shares. We have not conducted any operations since our formation and, therefore, have not presented the related statements of operations, shareholder's equity or cash flows for the period from May 30, 2008 (date of formation) to July 31, 2008, as we have determined that they would not be meaningful to investors.
2. Formation of the Company / Initial Public Offering
We were formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource for the purpose of completing an initial public offering of our common shares of beneficial interest and thereafter conducting CapitalSource's healthcare net lease business. To that end, immediately prior to consummation of this offering CapitalSource has agreed to contribute to us a portfolio of 186 facilities located in 23 states, which are leased by 41 operator groups. Approximately 99% of these facilities are skilled nursing facilities, with the remainder being either long-term acute care facilities or assisted living facilities. These assets constitute all of the assets and liabilities of CapitalSource's Healthcare Net Lease segment. In addition, CapitalSource has agreed to contribute to us a $150.0 million interest in a $375.0 million mezzanine loan it originated in 2007.
In exchange for these assets, we will issue to CapitalSource a number of our common shares equal to the quotient of the difference between the total assets we will acquire and the related indebtedness we will assume in the contribution transactions, divided by the initial public offering price. CapitalSource will sell all of the shares to be offered for sale in the offering, and will receive all of the proceeds therefrom. Following completion of the offering, we anticipate that we will be a majority owned subsidiary of CapitalSource and we expect to invest primarily in income producing healthcare-related facilities, principally skilled nursing facilities located in the United States, through triple-net lease structures.
We cannot assure you that any offering will be consummated and, if it is not consummated, the contribution of our initial assets will not occur.
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The balance sheet has been prepared by management in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").
F-44
14,000,000 Shares
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
Prospectus
, 2008
Banc of America Securities LLC Citi Deutsche Bank Securities
KeyBanc Capital Markets |
BMO Capital Markets |
Cohen & Steers | JMP Securities | Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P. |
Until , 2008 all dealers that buy, sell or trade the common shares may be required to deliver a prospectus, regardless of whether they are participating in this offering. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, all of which are being borne by CapitalSource. All amounts except the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the NYSE listing fee are estimates.
SEC registration fee |
$ | 13,559 | |||
FINRA filing fee |
$ | 35,000 | |||
NYSE listing fee |
$ | 240,000 | |||
Printing expenses |
$ | 850,000 | |||
Transfer agent and registrar fees |
$ | 10,000 | |||
Legal fees and expenses |
$ | 2,300,000 | |||
Accounting fees and expenses |
$ | 1,350,000 | |||
Miscellaneous |
$ | 201,441 | |||
Total |
$ | 5,000,000 | |||
Item 32. Sales to Special Parties.
Not applicable.
Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
In connection with the contribution to us of our initial assets, we have agreed to issue common shares to a wholly owned subsidiary of CapitalSource in a transaction exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
Item 34. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Maryland REIT Law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees, officers,
employees and agents to the same extent as permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, for directors and officers of Maryland corporations. The MGCL permits a corporation to
indemnify its present and former directors and officers against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses incurred in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made,
or are threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those capacities or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter in any such proceeding. However, a Maryland corporation is not
permitted to provide this type of indemnification if the following is established:
According to Maryland law, a court may also order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or
II-1
officer
did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director
or officer for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of that corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a
court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of the
following:
To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, our declaration of trust and bylaws include provisions limiting the liability of our present and former trustees and officers or any individual who, at our request, serves or has served another real estate investment trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer or partner (each, an "Indemnified Party"), from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in any of the foregoing capacities and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. In addition, our bylaws, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, require us to indemnify any of our present and former trustees and officers or any individual who, at our request, serves or has served another real estate investment trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer or partner from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in that capacity and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of the proceeding.
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with our trustees and our officers providing for procedures for indemnification by us to the fullest extent permitted by law and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from their service to us.
We have obtained an insurance policy under which our trustees and executive officers will be insured, subject to the limits of the policy, against certain losses arising from claims made against such trustees and officers by reason of any acts or omissions covered under such policy in their respective capacities as trustees or officers, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.
We have been advised that the SEC has expressed the opinion that indemnification of trustees, officers or persons otherwise controlling a company for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds From Stock Being Registered.
None of the proceeds will be credited to an account other than the appropriate capital share account.
Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(a) Financial Statements. See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements that are being filed as part of this Registration Statement.
(b) Exhibits. Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit Index attached hereto and made a part hereof by reference.
II-2
(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing, specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(c) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
II-3
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Westlake Village, State of California, on October 6, 2008.
CapitalSource Healthcare REIT | ||||
By: |
/s/ JAMES J. PIECZYNSKI Name: James J. Pieczynski Title: President and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on October 6, 2008.
Signature
|
Title
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ JAMES J. PIECZYNSKI James J. Pieczynski |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee (Principal Executive Officer) |
|||
* John K. Delaney |
Chairman of the Board of Trustees |
|||
* Alexander J. Chavez |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
|||
* Imran Javaid |
Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) |
By: | /s/ JAMES J. PIECZYNSKI James J. Pieczynski Attorney-in-Fact |
II-4
Exhibit Number
|
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement. | ||
2.1 | Form of Master Transaction Agreement between CapitalSource Inc. and CapitalSource Healthcare REIT.++ | ||
3.1 | Form of Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust. | ||
3.2 | Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws. | ||
5.1 | Opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP regarding the legality of the securities being registered.++ | ||
8.1 | Opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP regarding tax matters.++ | ||
10.1 | Form of Registration Rights Agreement between CapitalSource Healthcare REIT and CapitalSource Inc. | ||
10.2 | Form of Management Agreement between CapitalSource Healthcare REIT and CapitalSource Finance LLC. | ||
10.3.1 | Form of CapitalSource Healthcare REIT Equity Plan.++ | ||
10.3.2 | Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers.++ | ||
10.3.3 | Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for Trustees.++ | ||
10.3.4 | Form of RSU Award Agreement for Executive Officers.++ | ||
10.3.5 | Form of RSU Award Agreement for Trustees.++ | ||
10.3.6 | Form of Option Agreement for Executive Officers.++ | ||
10.4 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between CapitalSource Healthcare REIT and its Trustees and Executive Officers.++ | ||
10.5 | Summary of Non-officer Trustee Compensation. | ||
10.6 | Form of CapitalSource Healthcare REIT Deferred Compensation Plan.++ | ||
10.7 | Form of Credit Agreement among CapitalSource Healthcare REIT, Bank of America, N.A. and KeyBank National Association.++ | ||
21.1 | Subsidiaries of CapitalSource HealthCare REIT.+ | ||
23.1 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP. | ||
23.2 | Consent of Hogan & Hartson LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).++ | ||
23.3 | Consent of Hogan & Hartson LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1).++ | ||
24.1 | Powers of Attorney (contained on signature page to initial filing of Form S-11). | ||
99.1 | Consents of Trustee Nominees Bary G. Bailey and William C. Scott.+ |